John Barbirolli - Knowledge

765:'s Double Bass Concerto. The players told the Philharmonic management that they would be happy for Barbirolli to be appointed to a permanent position. The outcome of this was an invitation to him to become Music Director and Permanent Conductor for three years starting with the 1937–38 season. At the same time as this great change in his professional life, Barbirolli's personal life was also transformed. His marriage had not lasted; within four years he and Marjorie Barbirolli had been living apart. In 1938 she sued for divorce on the grounds of his desertion. The suit was undefended, and the divorce was granted in December 1938. In 1939, Barbirolli married the British oboist 180: 884: 667: 1005:, 1951–53, but he declined to be wooed away from the Hallé. His biographer Charles Reid wrote, "His Manchester kingdom is a kingdom indeed. He is not manacled or chivied in his choice of programmes. Broadly speaking he conducts only what he loves ... His kingdom approximates to a conductor's paradise." Nevertheless, in 1958, after building the orchestra up and touring continually, conducting up to 75 concerts a year, he arranged a less onerous schedule, allowing him more time to appear as a guest conductor with other orchestras. He also appeared at the 245: 446: 3503: 33: 614:. It was not then, as its successor the Scottish National Orchestra was later to be, a permanent ensemble, but gave a season lasting about six months of each year. Barbirolli remained with the Scottish Orchestra for three seasons, "rejuvenating the playing and programmes and winning most favourable opinions". Notwithstanding his growing reputation in Britain, Barbirolli's name was little known internationally, and most of the musical world was taken by surprise in 1936 when he was invited to conduct the 5143: 1302:

illustrated by the care he took with Mahler's symphonies. His biographer Michael Kennedy commented, "it is ironical that the effort of composing the symphonies shortened Mahler's life; interpreting them certainly put an enormous strain on Barbirolli in his last decade." He found that mastering a Mahler symphony took between 18 months and two years, and he would spend hours meticulously bowing all the string parts in preparation for his performances. His first performance of Mahler's

1166: 861:, who was First Sea Lord, wrote to me to say that, contrary to expectations, music was flourishing and would I come back as I was missed. I was longing to return and it was just a question of how it was to be managed. A.V. went to Churchill, who apparently said, "If he's fool enough to come, let him come". It took us 23 days to cross on a fruit trader and, of our convoy of 75, only 32 ships arrived in Liverpool. I played here for ten weeks with the LSO and 902: 685: 1325:. On hearing it, the composer said, "I'd never realised it was such a big work." Elgar, despite an extensive discography as a conductor, never recorded the work himself, and some have speculated that "the breadth, nobility and lyrical poetry" of Barbirolli's interpretation left the composer disinclined to compete. In 1928 Barbirolli made some recordings for the Edison Bell label. The same year, he began his long association with the 963:

former players commented, "If you wanted orchestral experience you'd be set for life, starting in the Hallé with John Barbirolli." Further afield, critics, audiences and players in Europe and the United States commented on the improvement in the playing of their orchestras when Barbirolli was in charge. Later he extended his teaching skills to the Royal Academy of Music, where he took charge of the student orchestra from 1961.

1408:. From the 1990s onwards, archive recordings of Barbirolli's early concerts in New York have been issued on CD. Kennedy wrote in 2004 that they "prove that the orchestra played superbly for him and that the criticism of him was largely unjustified." Recordings from this period include symphonies by Beethoven, Mendelssohn, Mozart, Schubert, Schumann, Sibelius and Tchaikovsky, and other orchestral music by Berlioz, 1033: 4246: 3876: 3843: 3824: 3735: 3695: 3627: 3594: 1243: 1353: 336:

While in the army, Barbirolli adopted the anglicised form of his first name for the sake of simplicity: "The sergeant-major had great difficulty in reading my name on the roll-call. 'Who is this Guy Vanni?' he used to ask. So I chose John." After demobilisation he reverted to the original form of his

228:

The young Barbirolli began to play the violin when he was four, but soon changed to the cello. He later said that this was at the instigation of his grandfather who, exasperated at the child's habit of wandering around while practising the violin, bought him a small cello to stop him from "getting in

1314:

From almost the start of his career Barbirolli was a frequent recording artist. As a young cellist he made four records for Edison Bell in 1911, with piano accompaniment by his sister Rosa, and as part of the Kutcher and the Music Society string quartets he recorded music by Mozart, Purcell, Vaughan

962:

also noted, "From his earliest days with the orchestra it was the string tone that commanded immediate attention and respect. There was a fiery intensity and glowing warmth that proclaimed the born string coach". Barbirolli retained his reputation for training orchestras: after his death, one of his

830:

had opposed Barbirolli's appointment from the outset, insisting that, though "we abhor chauvinism", preference should have been given to "native conductors". Downes had a grudge against the Philharmonic: shortly before Barbirolli's appointment Downes was sacked as the commentator for the orchestra's

317:

during our spare time. I was the principal cello and we were conducted by the bandmaster, one Lieutenant Bonham. The other boys knew that I was longing to conduct and one day when Bonham fell ill with 'flu, they thought "old Barby" – as I was known – should have a go. It was really rather romantic –

1112:

In 1968, after 25 years with the Hallé, Barbirolli retired from the principal conductorship; no successor was appointed in his lifetime. He was appointed the orchestra's Conductor Laureate. He reduced the number of his appearances with the Hallé, but nevertheless took it on another European tour in

936:

was shot down. In Manchester, Barbirolli immediately set about reviving the Hallé. The number of players in the orchestra was down to about 30. Most younger players were serving in the armed forces, and to compound the shortage the management of the orchestra had ended the arrangement by which many

642:

government. Following a campaign of protest in New York he felt unable to take up the appointment. For want of any available conductor of comparable fame the management of the orchestra invited five guest conductors to divide the season among them. Barbirolli was allotted the first ten weeks of the

1628:

Barbirolli's biographer Charles Reid writes, "Barbirolli's appointment was announced by the New York Philharmonic Society's directorial board on 7 April 1936. The musical world rubbed incredulous eyes. … In much newspaper comment the following day surprise verged on perplexity. Nobody had heard of

1117:

wrote privately in 1969, "he seems so much to love a single phrase that he lingers over it, caressing it; meanwhile the general momentum is lost." His final year, 1970, was dogged by heart trouble; he suffered collapses in April, May, June and July. His last two concerts were with the Hallé at the

874:

Barbirolli returned to New York to complete his contractual obligations to the Philharmonic. Shortly after his return he received an appeal from the Hallé Orchestra to become its conductor. The orchestra was in danger of extinction for lack of players, and Barbirolli seized the opportunity to help

852:

and the rest were shocked by this but there was little they could do about it. They also said that conductors must become American citizens. I couldn't do that during the war, or at any time for that matter." His second reason for leaving was that he felt strongly that he was needed in England. In

835:

continually wrote disparagingly about Barbirolli, comparing him unfavourably with Toscanini. The management of the orchestra nevertheless renewed Barbirolli's appointment in 1940. In 1942, when his second contract was reaching its expiry, he was offered 18 concerts for the 1943–44 season, and the

957:

later wrote of Barbirolli's first actions for the orchestra: "In a couple of months of endless auditions, he rebuilt the Hallé, accepting any good player, whatever his musical background – he found himself with a schoolboy first flute, a schoolmistress hornist, and various brass players recruited

1375:

Many of Barbirolli's pre-war recordings for HMV were of concertos. His reputation as an accompanist tended to obscure his talents as a symphonic conductor, and later, his detractors in New York "damned him with faint praise by exalting his powers as an accompanist and then implying that that was

1221:

was placed on the wall of the Bloomsbury Park Hotel in Southampton Row in May 1993 to mark Barbirolli's birthplace. The Sir John Barbirolli Memorial Foundation of the Royal Philharmonic Society was instituted after his death to assist young musicians with the purchase of instruments. In 1972 the

288:

From 1916 to 1918 Barbirolli was a freelance cellist in London. He recalled, "My first orchestral engagement was with the Queen's Hall Orchestra – I was probably the youngest orchestral musician ever, joining them in 1916. We had an enormous repertory – six concerts a week, three hours or more

1301:

liked and admired Barbirolli but teased him for his meticulousness: "We can't all be like you and spend months studying these things and then have days of rehearsals before we conduct them. For some of us they're only sporting events." Barbirolli was shocked by such levity. His approach was

1285:

Symphony to Barbirolli, whose nickname, "Glorious John", comes from the inscription Vaughan Williams wrote at the head of the score: "For glorious John, with love and admiration from Ralph." Barbirolli did not disdain lighter repertoire. The music critic Richard Osborne wrote that, if all

966:

Barbirolli refused invitations to take up more prestigious and lucrative conductorships. Shortly after he took over the Hallé he received an offer from the sponsors of an ambitious scheme that would have put him in charge of the London Symphony Orchestra, and in the early 1950s the

1552:

and Rome Opera forces that has remained in the catalogues since its first issue in 1967. The impact of the last was such that the head of the Rome Opera invited him to come and conduct "any opera you care to name with as much rehearsal as you wish." HMV planned to record

1109:(Latin America, 1963), BBC Symphony Orchestra (Czechoslovakia, Poland and the USSR, 1967) and the Hallé (Latin America and West Indies, 1968). It was a lasting disappointment to him that it never proved possible to take the Hallé on a tour of the United States. 455:

In 1929, after financial problems had forced the BNOC to disband, the Covent Garden management set up a touring company to fill the gap, and appointed Barbirolli as its musical director and conductor. The operas in the company's first provincial tour included

1452:. A company was formed, named Pye-Barbirolli, of which he was a director: the arrangement was designed to ensure an equal partnership between the company and the musicians. They made many recordings, including symphonies by Beethoven, Dvořák, Elgar, Mozart, 366:, under Elgar's baton, in the LSO cellos. He joined two newly founded string quartets as cellist: the Kutcher Quartet, led by his former fellow student at Trinity, Samuel Kutcher, and the Music Society Quartet (later called the International Quartet) led by 1673:

Barbirolli's last concert as conductor of the New York Philharmonic was on 7 March 1943. He did not conduct the orchestra again until he appeared as guest conductor in 1959, after which he conducted a further 27 concerts, the last of which was on 4 April

869:

banana boat of 5,000 tons. We were spotted by U-boats the moment we left Northern Ireland but that kind of thing never worries me as I'm something of a fatalist. It had been wonderful anyhow to be back, to see England at its greatest, and to visit my old

2568: 1105:. Increasingly, Barbirolli concentrated on his core repertory of the standard symphonic classics, the works of English composers, and late-romantic music, particularly that of Mahler. In the 1960s he made a series of international tours with the 2600: 820:. The new works he presented were not avant-garde, but they nevertheless alienated the conservative subscription audience, and after an initial increase in ticket sales in his early years sales declined. Barbirolli also had to cope with what 1212:

There are memorials to Barbirolli in Manchester and London. Barbirolli Square in Manchester is named in his honour and features a sculpture of him by Byron Howard (2000). The square includes the present base of the Hallé Orchestra, the

1376:

where it all stopped." Barbirolli became very sensitive on this point, and for many years after the war he was reluctant to accompany anyone in the recording studio. Among his early HMV records are works, mainly concertos, by Brahms,

124:

at Covent Garden with such success that he was invited to become the company's permanent musical director, an invitation he declined. Late in his career he made several recordings of operas, of which his 1967 set of Puccini's

301:, with orchestras in theatres, cinemas, hotels and dance-halls, and, as he said, "everywhere except the street". During the last year of the First World War, Barbirolli enlisted in the army and became a lance-corporal in the 1201:, 1960; Gold Medal of the Royal Philharmonic Society, 1950; Bruckner Medal, Bruckner Society of America, 1959; and the Mahler Medal, Mahler-Bruckner Society of America, 1965. He was also awarded the title of Doctor of Music 394:(BNOC), who in the same year invited him to conduct some performances with the company. Barbirolli had never conducted a chorus or a large orchestra, but had the confidence to accept. He made his operatic debut directing 843:

Barbirolli's first reason for leaving was local musical politics. He later said, "The Musicians Union there ... brought out a new regulation saying that everyone, even soloists and conductors, must become members.

2294: 1483:

and Delius. With other orchestras, Barbirolli recorded a wide range of his repertoire, including many recordings still in the catalogues in 2022. Of these, his Elgar recordings include the Cello Concerto with

313:– a ghastly place but the first line of defence against invasion – and in our battalion of the Suffolks we had a number of professional musicians. So we formed an orchestra and played in the equivalent of the 1629:

John Barbirolli. … What sense was there in giving the New York Philharmonic to a man who had never been on an American front page before or, so far as could be made out, on any front page of moment anywhere?"

1113:

1968, this time to Switzerland, Austria and Germany. In his last years a propensity to concentrate on detail at the expense of the whole of a piece became marked. His loyal friend and admirer the critic

638:

had accepted the orchestra's invitation to fill the post, but he was politically unacceptable to a section of the Philharmonic's audience because he continued to live and work in Germany under the

378:

Barbirolli's ambition was to conduct. He was the prime mover in establishing the Guild of Singers and Players Chamber Orchestra in 1924, and in 1926 he was invited to conduct a new ensemble at the

1140:

on the Saturday before his death. On the day he died, 29 July 1970, he spent several hours rehearsing the New Philharmonia Orchestra for a forthcoming tour of Japan that he was scheduled to lead.

100:

Born in London of Italian and French parentage, Barbirolli grew up in a family of professional musicians. After starting out as a cellist, he was given the chance to conduct, from 1926 with the

1700:

in which the tenor's "Aida, where are thou now?" was answered by the sonorous flushing of a backstage lavatory: "I'm afraid the opera ended there, though we continued gallantly to the end."

1025:

in Texas, a post he held until 1967, conducting an annual total of 12 weeks there in early spring and late autumn between Hallé engagements. In 1961 he began a regular association with the

1333:, the chief recording producer for HMV who signed him for his company shortly afterwards. An HMV colleague of Gaisberg described Barbirolli as "a treasure", because he "could accompany 1222:

Barbirolli Society was set up with the principal aim of promoting the continued release of Barbirolli's recorded performances. Its honorary officers have included Evelyn Barbirolli,

1619:

did not share Elgar's and Casals's enthusiasm, criticising "Mr. Barbirolli's excessively jerky manner ... a lack of flow in the playing ... disastrous in Elgar's symphony."

5558: 1217:, in which the Barbirolli Room commemorates the conductor. At his old school, St Clement Danes, now relocated in Chorleywood, the main hall is named in his honour. A commemorative 590:, was to spend some time conducting overseas, Barbirolli was one of four guest conductors named to direct the orchestra in Harty's absence: the other three were Elgar, Beecham and 356:

commented, "Signor Giovanni Barbirolli was not entirely equal to the demands of the solo music, but his playing unquestionably gave a considerable amount of pleasure." At the

289:

rehearsal a day. In those days we were happy if we began and finished together". While playing in the Queen's Hall Orchestra, Barbirolli also played in the opera pit for the

1589:

In adult life, Barbirolli, when he needed to play the violin to show how he wanted a passage to be phrased, would hold the violin upright on his lap like a miniature cello.

707: 108:'s touring company. On taking up the conductorship of the Hallé he had less opportunity to work in the opera house, but in the 1950s he conducted productions of works by 195:, London, the second child and eldest son of an Italian father and a French mother. He was a British national from birth, and as Southampton Row is within the sound of 5523: 1696:

Despite his musical single-mindedness, Barbirolli had a keen sense of humour, and was a noted raconteur. One of his anecdotes was of a 1920s touring performance of

1638:

NBC paid Toscanini $ 3,334 a concert, compared with his fee of $ 1,833 a concert with the Philharmonic. Barbirolli's fee with the Philharmonic was $ 312 a concert.

2839: 1297:

Barbirolli's repertoire was not as wide as that of many of his colleagues because he insisted on exhaustive preparation for any work he conducted. His colleague

5174: 5563: 5328: 1099:

and others. For its hundredth anniversary in 1958 the Hallé commissioned several new works, and gave the British premiere of Walton's virtuosic divertimento

5528: 281:, which he regarded as "a pernicious influence". Barbirolli was keenly interested in modern music, and he and three colleagues secretly rehearsed Ravel's 5538: 4768: 630:

By the spring of 1936, the management of the New York Philharmonic was confronted with a problem. Toscanini had left in search of higher fees with the

3544: 5568: 5478: 4948: 1448:, with whom he and the Hallé recorded a wide repertoire, and made their first stereophonic recordings. These records were distributed in the US by 1147:

at the Royal Opera House, which would have been his first appearance there for nearly 20 years, and opera recordings for EMI, including Puccini's

958:

from brass and military bands in the Manchester area ... The reborn Hallé's first concert somehow lived up to the Hallé's great reputation."

5518: 4800: 1514:, he recorded a Brahms symphony cycle, and with Daniel Barenboim, the two Brahms Piano Concertos. He made three operatic sets for HMV: Purcell's 1178: 3009: 5583: 5483: 5578: 386:, initially called the "Chenil Chamber Orchestra" but later renamed "John Barbirolli's Chamber Orchestra". Barbirolli's concerts impressed 5573: 5553: 1060:

nights, rapidly became a firm favourite with the promenaders. At one 1958 promenade concert Barbirolli and the Hallé played a replica of

545:. During his years with the touring opera companies Barbirolli did not neglect the concert hall. In 1927, deputising at short notice for 5167: 826:

described as "a rough press campaign in New York from interested parties who wished to evict him from his post". The influential critic

5503: 1143:

Barbirolli died at his London home of a heart attack, aged 70. Among planned engagements forestalled by his death were a production of

1048:

in London. As well as major works from the mainstream repertory they gave an annual concert of music by Viennese composers, including

610:. In June 1932, Barbirolli married the singer Marjorie Parry, a member of the BNOC. In 1933 he was invited to become conductor of the 5498: 5321: 1315:

Williams and others in 1925 and 1926. As a conductor he began recording in 1927 for the National Gramophonic Society (an offshoot of

5493: 2188: 65:

in Manchester, which he helped save from dissolution in 1943 and conducted for the rest of his life. Earlier in his career he was

5588: 4761: 1456:, Sibelius, Mahler, Tchaikovsky and Vaughan Williams, as well as a few concertos, short orchestral pieces and operatic excerpts. 772:

One of the features of Barbirolli's time in New York was his regular programming of modern works. He gave the world premières of

698: 2418: 1562: 1186: 305:. Here he had his first opportunity to conduct, when an orchestra of volunteers was formed. He later described the experience: 5160: 2858: 3537: 949:

had transformed into a full-time, permanent orchestra. Only four of the players shared with the BBC chose to join the Hallé.

420:. He conducted the BNOC frequently over the next two years, and made his debut at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, with 1459:

In 1962, HMV persuaded Barbirolli to return. With the Hallé he recorded a Sibelius symphony cycle, Elgar's Second Symphony,

928:

In 1943 Barbirolli made another Atlantic crossing, avoiding death by a fluke: he changed flights from Lisbon with the actor

5314: 4941: 1321: 1198: 138:

Both in the concert hall and on record, Barbirolli was particularly associated with the music of English composers such as

1432:

Within six months of his return to Britain in 1943, Barbirolli resumed his contract with HMV, conducting the Hallé in the

5488: 3593: 5543: 5508: 4754: 2836: 263:, which he attended from 1912 to 1916, studying harmony, counterpoint and theory under J. B. McEwen and the cello with 4777: 3498: 3469: 3433: 3397: 3357: 3338: 3302: 3281: 3262: 3243: 3224: 3205: 3184: 3165: 1437: 1282: 4245: 2899: 3530: 527:

In later tours with the company Barbirolli had the chance to conduct more of the German opera repertory, including

4934: 2824: 1194: 615: 230: 424:

in 1928. The following year he was invited to conduct the opening work in Covent Garden's international season,

5548: 2799:, A & C Black, 1920–2008; online edition, Oxford University Press, December 2007, accessed 7 February 2010 1227: 1206: 391: 274: 273:

singled him out as "that excellent young 'cello player, Mr Giovanni Barbirolli." The principal of the Academy,

101: 4316: 1026: 976: 862: 579:

as soloist. Although Barbirolli later came to love Mahler's music, in the 1930s he thought it sounded thin.

5533: 4872: 3875: 2883: 1067:

Barbirolli's interest in new music waned in post-war years, but he and the Hallé appeared regularly at the

916: 840:

invited him to become its conductor, but he accepted neither offer as he had decided to return to England.

1598:

Some sources state that Barbirolli gave the second performance of the concerto, but the original soloist,

1329:(HMV) label. Immediately after the LSO concert at which he had stood in for Beecham, he was approached by 719:

Barbirolli's first concert in New York was on 5 November 1936. The programme consisted of short pieces by

264: 4993: 4746: 3694: 1657: 1190: 5372: 3734: 1137: 558: 318:

I was scrubbing the floor in the Officers' Mess when they came and invited me to take over. We did the

17: 5248: 3908: 3494: 1521: 5513: 4581: 3006: 2033:, 16 November 1925. p. 11; 25 November 1925, p. 11; 16 December 1925, p. 13; and 10 April 1926, p. 12 1470: 1068: 793: 349: 82: 932:

when the latter wished to postpone his own flight for a few days. Barbirolli's plane landed safely;

778: 267:. In 1914 he was joint winner of the academy's Charles Rube Prize for ensemble playing, and in 1916 5206: 5119: 4981: 3992: 3823: 3626: 1537: 1510:

Symphonies (with the New Philharmonia) and Ninth Symphony (with the Berlin Philharmonic). With the

1036:

The Hallé's first programme (1858) replicated by Barbirolli and the orchestra a hundred years later

837: 729: 234: 222: 5438: 3901: 3842: 3553: 1533: 1507: 1503: 1303: 1182: 1149: 801: 742: 738: 557:, whom he had accompanied in Haydn's D major cello concerto at the same concert. He conducted a 294: 979:, wanted him to become the musical director there. Barbirolli conducted six operas for Webster, 50: 4914: 2914: 2792: 1549: 1281:, and as a staunch supporter of new works by British composers. Vaughan Williams dedicated his 1189:

in 1964; and from France, Officier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, 1966, and Officier de l'

1123: 1106: 972: 942: 938: 693: 631: 562: 550: 345: 340:

On re-entering civilian life, Barbirolli resumed his career as a cellist. His association with

320: 282: 260: 248: 86: 78: 3669: 635: 179: 4957: 4620: 4560: 4132: 3864: 3489: 1326: 1265:

Barbirolli is remembered as an interpreter of Elgar, Vaughan Williams and Mahler, as well as

1101: 929: 703: 689: 480: 357: 290: 70: 4241: 3936: 5473: 5468: 5426: 5200: 4902: 4806: 4708: 4111: 3702: 2812: 1602:, gave the work its second performance, with the Hallé in Manchester on 20 March 1920, and 1433: 1084: 1057: 817: 504: 4434: 1928:

Rothwell, pp. 19–20 (Bartlett and quotation); and Kennedy p. 30 (theatres, cinemas, halls)

1485: 1345:

and Pablo Casals, and conduct one of the finest recorded performances of the Quintet from

400: 8: 5077: 5035: 4848: 4830: 4634: 4599: 4337: 4055: 3723: 3709: 3683: 3676: 1566: 1511: 788: 660: 405: 94: 90: 44: 4926: 3502: 2184: 1747:, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edition, October 2009, accessed 7 February 2010 4969: 4553: 4525: 4344: 4206: 3641: 3508: 1413: 1389: 1006: 762: 611: 546: 535: 435: 362: 221:

in 1887. In London they played in West End theatre orchestras, principally that of the

5059: 3978: 656: 583: 62: 5420: 5396: 5348: 5083: 5071: 5041: 4896: 4734: 4715: 4351: 4260: 4118: 3850: 3784: 3763: 3601: 3465: 3448: 3429: 3412: 3393: 3376: 3353: 3334: 3317: 3298: 3292: 3277: 3258: 3239: 3220: 3201: 3195: 3180: 3161: 3144: 2415: 1603: 1498: 1475: 1368: 1352: 1045: 1018: 989: 911: 845: 571: 529: 464: 458: 449: 269: 105: 77:

from 1961 to 1967, and was a guest conductor of many other orchestras, including the

4812: 4627: 4574: 3929: 3749: 857:

I was in America when the war broke out, as conductor of the New York Philharmonic.

352:. He was the soloist at another performance of the concerto just over a year later. 5337: 5306: 5047: 4999: 4987: 4975: 4330: 4288: 4185: 4167: 4076: 4062: 4020: 4013: 3999: 3985: 3964: 3871: 3770: 3648: 3634: 3582: 2855: 1461: 1449: 1405: 1338: 1298: 1254: 1223: 1214: 1096: 1022: 1010: 619: 492: 416: 325: 302: 147: 127: 74: 66: 5444: 5194: 4824: 4399: 4358: 4006: 3950: 1061: 883: 652: 367: 5414: 5366: 5230: 5212: 5131: 5125: 5017: 4854: 4788: 4613: 4606: 4518: 4497: 4469: 4448: 4427: 4372: 4234: 4192: 4139: 3922: 3805: 3690: 3662: 3013: 2903: 2862: 2843: 2422: 2192: 1529: 1516: 1421: 1092: 1080: 946: 933: 887: 858: 766: 644: 431: 387: 383: 348:

began with its première in 1919, when he played as a rank and file member of the

238: 188: 5408: 607: 5390: 5384: 5242: 5224: 5218: 5023: 4908: 4884: 4866: 4675: 4661: 4654: 4546: 4539: 4532: 4511: 4504: 4476: 4462: 4455: 4379: 4365: 4323: 4274: 4213: 4153: 4146: 4125: 4097: 4069: 4034: 3971: 3812: 3798: 3742: 3730: 3716: 3589: 3568: 3372: 2362: 1684: 1661: 1360: 1356: 1342: 1119: 1114: 1076: 1053: 849: 832: 822: 773: 720: 648: 591: 587: 576: 379: 298: 256: 151: 4878: 1740: 1049: 565:

was presented with the society's Gold Medal, and another RPS concert at which

541: 5462: 5360: 5266: 5152: 5142: 5095: 5029: 4890: 4818: 4689: 4682: 4281: 4267: 4253: 4199: 4104: 4090: 4041: 3957: 3791: 3615: 3452: 3416: 1599: 1565:

in 1968 he refused to conduct in the Soviet bloc, and his place was taken by

1545: 1364: 1330: 1072: 941:. The Hallé board resolved that its orchestra must follow the example of the 809: 797: 750: 688:

You may listen to John Barbirolli conducting his orchestral transcription of

670: 566: 498: 445: 310: 237:. As a Trinity student, he made his concert debut in a cello concerto in the 57:; 2 December 1899 – 29 July 1970) was a British conductor and 5354: 3513: 3321: 1606:

also played the solo part before Barbirolli did: see Kennedy (1971), p. 40.

741:). During his ten weeks, he programmed several American novelties including 666: 211:

Ribeyrol (1870–1962). Lorenzo and his father had played in the orchestra at

5113: 5089: 5065: 4842: 4722: 4701: 4668: 4567: 4483: 4441: 4420: 4413: 4406: 4302: 3943: 3883: 3857: 3831: 3819: 3756: 3622: 3517: 3380: 2016: 1453: 1128: 1088: 1032: 906: 813: 805: 754: 643:

season, comprising 26 concerts. He was followed by the composer-conductors

554: 553:, winning the thanks of the composer. Barbirolli also won warm praise from 516: 426: 341: 5183: 4776: 3608: 3522: 3148: 470: 5378: 5296: 5254: 5101: 5005: 4227: 4220: 4160: 4083: 4048: 3915: 3838: 3777: 3655: 3485: 2895: 2531:, 5 November 1953, p. 4; and "Covent Garden Opera: 'Madam Butterfly'", 2523:, 23 December 1952, p. 2; "Covent Garden Opera: 'Tristan und Isolde'", 1493: 1445: 1440:

of Vaughan Williams, followed by works by a wide range of composers from

1401: 1393: 1385: 1218: 1181:

in 1969; the Finnish Grand Star and Collar of Commander 1st Class of the

866: 827: 549:, he conducted the London Symphony Orchestra in a performance of Elgar's 439: 244: 1242: 5260: 5107: 4860: 4794: 4027: 1660:– the government minister responsible for the Royal Navy – rather than 1319:

Among his records from that period was the first to be made of Elgar's

1174: 724: 1995: 1972: 1874: 1813: 1337:

without provoking an uproar, win golden opinions from Jascha Heifetz,

1040:

From 1953 onwards, Barbirolli and the Hallé appeared regularly at the

5432: 5011: 4309: 4295: 2360:

Bicknell, David, and Ronald Kinloch Anderson. "Sir John Barbirolli",

1791: 1377: 1334: 1193:, 1968. Awards from musical institutions included the Freedom of the 1133: 1041: 953: 510: 196: 594:. Barbirolli's programmes included works by composers as diverse as 4490: 1417: 1397: 1270: 1266: 522: 212: 163: 159: 1165: 32: 3367:

Reid, Charles (1957). "John Barbirolli". In Milein Cosman (ed.).

1558: 1502:

and many of the shorter works. His Mahler recordings include the

1441: 1409: 1278: 783: 595: 207:

violinist who had settled in London with his wife, Louise Marie,

200: 192: 121: 58: 3312:

Lindsay, Maurice (1951). "Northern Diary". In Ralph Hill (ed.).

1071:, where he premiered new works of a mostly traditional style by 370:. He also made several early broadcasts with Mangeot's quartet. 73:, serving from 1936 to 1943. He was also chief conductor of the 2164:

Blom, Eric, "Royal Philharmonic Society: A Mahler Song Cycle",

1381: 1286:

Barbirolli's recordings were to be lost except that of Lehár's

1258: 905:

You may listen to Barbirolli conducting his Hallé Orchestra in

734: 603: 599: 395: 217: 204: 155: 143: 113: 3197:

The Quiet Showman: Sir David Webster and the Royal Opera House

3108:, May 1989, p. 90; and O'Connor, Patrick, "Madama Butterfly", 3104:, September 1967, p. 25; Oliver, Michael, "Madama Butterfly", 1480: 1274: 1250: 1246: 975:. Also in the early 1950s the head of the Royal Opera House, 486: 314: 278: 139: 117: 109: 2527:, 10 January 1953, p. 8; "Royal Opera House: 'La Bohème'", 2077:

Kennedy (1971), p. 49 and "British National Opera Company",

890:, Manchester, the Hallé's main base in the Barbirolli years 187:

Giovanni Battista Barbirolli was born on 2 December 1899 in

2425:, New York Philharmonic archives, accessed 29 January 2011. 1950:, 27 October 1919, p. 10; "Royal Academy of Music Awards", 1687:, was not named until five months after Barbirolli's death. 1647:

There were no children of either of Barbirolli's marriages.

639: 410: 3100:

Anderson, Robert Kinloch, "Barbirolli's Roman Butterfly",

2754:

Marshall, Rita, "World tributes to genius of Barbirolli",

2397:

Horowitz, pp. 159 and 183; and Kennedy (1971), pp. 129–130

865:

for the benefit of the musicians, and then went back on a

853:

the spring of 1942 he made a hazardous Atlantic crossing:

4956: 3025:

Kennedy, Michael (2000). Liner notes to EMI CD 5-67240-2.

1371:, whom Barbirolli accompanied in his early HMV recordings 968: 769:. The marriage lasted for the rest of Barbirolli's life. 673:, New York, where Barbirolli conducted from 1936 to 1943 132: 3255:

Barbirolli, Conductor Laureate: The Authorised Biography

2813:

http://www.nui.ie/college/Honorary_Degree_Recipients.asp

1915:

Blyth, Alan. "Sir John Barbirolli talks to Alan Blyth",

1122:

Festival. He produced "inspired" renderings of Elgar's

162:, as well as of earlier classical composers, including 4778:

Royal Scottish National Orchestra Principal Conductors

2886:, Royal Philharmonic Society, accessed 12 January 2011 2601:"Barbirolli, John (Sir Giovanni Battista Barbirolli )" 2515:"Covent Garden Opera: 'Turandot' to Open New Season", 1017:

in 1969. In 1960 he accepted an invitation to succeed

277:, had forbidden students to play the chamber music of 215:, Milan, where they had taken part in the première of 3141:

The Wit of Music: Introduction by Sir John Barbirolli

2587:"Mr. John Barbirolli: Another Invitation to Vienna", 1496:, and orchestral music including the First Symphony, 5559:

Burials at St Mary's Catholic Cemetery, Kensal Green

5336: 2865:, St. Clement Danes School, accessed 27 January 2011 2519:, 5 October 1951, p. 8; "The Covent Garden Season", 1261:, whose music was central to Barbirolli's repertoire 203:. His father, Lorenzo Barbirolli (1864–1929), was a 2099:Blom, Eric, "Covent Garden Opera: 'Don Giovanni'", 831:prestigious Sunday broadcasts. He and the composer 332:

but I can't say I recall the rest of the programme.

285:in the privacy of a men's lavatory in the Academy. 3121:Kennedy (1971), pp. 306–307, and "Opera: Wagner", 2827:, Manchester Art Gallery, accessed 26 January 2011 2207:, 6 October 1932, p. 1; and "The Hallé Concert", 1954:, 14 June 1922, p. 11; and Kennedy (1971), p. 41 1664:, who is the senior serving officer of the navy. 1444:to Stravinsky. In 1955 he signed a contract with 1230:. In April 2012, he was voted into the inaugural 569:'s music, rarely heard at that time, was given – 61:. He is remembered above all as conductor of the 5524:Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour 5460: 3311: 3274:The Hallé, 1858–1983: A History of the Orchestra 2679:, 6 July 1950, p. 8; and "Cheltenham Festival", 1160: 655:, each conducting for two weeks, and finally by 2701:Morris, Michael. "Scot takes the Halle baton", 1848:Graves, Perceval. "From Cellist to Conductor", 1179:Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour 1173:Among Barbirolli's state awards were a British 5182: 1290:, "there would be reason enough to say, 'Now, 586:announced in 1932 that its regular conductor, 297:opera companies, in recitals with the pianist 5322: 5168: 4942: 4762: 3538: 3366: 2671:, 30 June 1949, p. 7; "Cheltenham Festival", 1064:'s first concert with the orchestra in 1858. 233:overlapped, from 1910, with a scholarship at 5564:Music directors of the New York Philharmonic 3219:. Berkeley: University of California Press. 3179:. London: British Broadcasting Corporation. 2846:, Bridgewater Hall, accessed 12 October 2014 2675:, 2 July 1949, p. 7; "Cheltenham Festival", 2667:, 2 July 1948, p. 6; "Cheltenham Festival", 2663:, 1 July 1948, p. 6; "Cheltenham Festival", 2375:Downes, Olin. "And After Toscanini: What?", 2272:"New York Philharmonic's Guest Conductors", 1237: 5529:People educated at St. Clement Danes School 3552: 2607:, online version, accessed 7 February 2010 2356: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2348: 2346: 1132:. The last work he conducted in public was 1056:, which, like Sir Malcolm Sargent's annual 520:, and the first performances in English of 5539:Royal Philharmonic Society Gold Medallists 5329: 5315: 5175: 5161: 4949: 4935: 4769: 4755: 3545: 3531: 3509:Photos of Barbirolli throughout his career 3501: 2793:"Barbirolli, Sir John (Giovanni Battista)" 2569:"Barbirolli, Sir John (Giovanni Battista)" 2379:, Vol. 241, No. 2 (June 1936), pp. 218–219 2219: 2217: 408:, followed within days by performances of 199:, Barbirolli always regarded himself as a 3193: 3016:, Naxos records, accessed 7 February 2010 3002: 3000: 2998: 2884:"Sir John Barbirolli Memorial Foundation" 2187:, EMI Classics, accessed 7 February 2010 1844: 1842: 1840: 1838: 1029:, which lasted for the rest of his life. 808:and by many American composers including 373: 27:British conductor and cellist (1899–1970) 3459: 3423: 3214: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2343: 1911: 1909: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1901: 1899: 1351: 1241: 1164: 1031: 937:of its players were also members of the 882: 665: 625: 444: 243: 178: 97:, with all of which he made recordings. 31: 5569:20th-century British conductors (music) 5479:Academics of the Royal Academy of Music 3328: 3290: 3271: 3252: 3233: 3158:His Own Man: The Life of Neville Cardus 3155: 2214: 2151:"Gold Medal for Dr. Vaughan Williams", 1786: 1784: 1782: 1780: 1778: 1776: 1774: 1745:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 1572: 1169:Bust of Barbirolli in Barbirolli Square 699:Was mir behagt, ist nur die muntre Jagd 14: 5519:Conductors (music) awarded knighthoods 5461: 3347: 2995: 2788: 2786: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2174: 1835: 1719:Ayre, p. 18; and Kennedy (1982), p. 34 1563:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 69:'s successor as music director of the 5584:British Army personnel of World War I 5310: 5156: 4930: 4750: 3526: 3447:. Altrincham: John Sherratt and Son. 3442: 2556: 1990: 1988: 1896: 1735: 1733: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1725: 945:, which the Hallé's former conductor 49: 5484:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Music 3406: 3387: 3331:Herbert von Karajan: A Life in Music 3138: 3074:Robertson, Alec, "Dido and Aeneas", 2874:Rennison, p. xxvii, entry number 231 2567:Crichton, Ronald and José A. Bowen. 2479:Kennedy (1971), pp. 266, 273 and 281 2223:"Decree Nisi for Conductor's Wife", 1771: 1322:Introduction and Allegro for Strings 1199:Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia 1197:, 1966; Honorary Academician of the 150:. His interpretations of other late 5579:20th-century British male musicians 3297:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 3174: 2783: 2594: 2406:Kennedy (1971), pp. 152 and 167–168 2171: 1306:took nearly 50 hours of rehearsal. 229:everybody's way". His education at 24: 5574:Order of the White Rose of Finland 5554:Alumni of Trinity College of Music 2623:, 1 November 1960, p. 16, and ODNB 2295:"Barbirolli Gives Youths' Concert" 1985: 1722: 878: 360:of 1920 he took part in his first 25: 5600: 5504:English people of Italian descent 5297:Principal conductors of the Hallé 3499:National Portrait Gallery, London 3479: 2138:"The London Symphony Orchestra", 2064:"Wireless Notes and Programmes", 1427: 5499:English people of French descent 5338:Houston Symphony Music Directors 5141: 4244: 3874: 3841: 3822: 3733: 3693: 3625: 3592: 3352:. London: Macdonald and Jane's. 3316:. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. 3115: 3094: 3081: 3068: 3059: 3046: 3037: 3028: 3019: 2986: 2977: 2968: 2959: 2950: 2941: 2932: 2923: 1741:Barbirolli, Sir John (1899–1970) 1690: 900: 727:, and symphonies by Mozart (the 683: 450:Royal Opera House, Covent Garden 5494:British male conductors (music) 2908: 2889: 2877: 2868: 2849: 2830: 2818: 2805: 2770: 2761: 2748: 2739: 2726: 2717: 2708: 2695: 2686: 2659:"Cheltenham Musical Festival", 2653: 2644: 2635: 2626: 2619:"Sir J. Barbirolli for Texas", 2613: 2581: 2547: 2538: 2509: 2500: 2491: 2482: 2473: 2464: 2455: 2446: 2437: 2428: 2409: 2400: 2391: 2382: 2369: 2334: 2325: 2316: 2307: 2288: 2279: 2266: 2257: 2248: 2239: 2230: 2197: 2158: 2145: 2132: 2125:"Covent Garden Opera Company", 2119: 2106: 2093: 2084: 2071: 2058: 2045: 2036: 2023: 2008: 1996:"Obituary, Sir John Barbirolli" 1966: 1957: 1940: 1931: 1922: 1887: 1868: 1855: 1677: 1667: 1650: 1641: 1632: 1622: 1609: 1592: 1195:Worshipful Company of Musicians 796:; he also introduced pieces by 616:New York Philharmonic Orchestra 231:St Clement Danes Grammar School 5589:Military personnel from London 3087:Blyth, Alan, "Verdi: Otello", 2776:"Solti's last Garden season", 1826: 1807: 1798: 1795:, obituary, 30 July 1970, p. 8 1762: 1753: 1713: 1583: 1207:National University of Ireland 971:sought to recruit him for the 392:British National Opera Company 255:The following year he won the 174: 102:British National Opera Company 13: 1: 4317:Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli 3428:. Stroud: Sutton Publishing. 3390:John Barbirolli – A Biography 3333:. London: Chatto and Windus. 3257:. London: MacGibbon and Key. 3156:Brookes, Christopher (1985). 2815:; retrieved 20 November 2020. 2051:"Our London Correspondence", 1177:in 1949 and appointment as a 1161:Honours, awards and memorials 1042:Henry Wood Promenade Concerts 1027:Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra 5249:Stanisław Skrowaczewski 3495:Portraits of John Barbirolli 3426:The London Blue Plaque Guide 3194:Haltrecht, Montague (1975). 2112:"Covent Garden Opera Tour", 1814:"Miscellaneous Intelligence" 761:overture. He also conducted 430:, with a cast that included 259:Scholarship to study at the 169: 135:is probably the best known. 55:Giovanni Battista Barbirolli 7: 3411:. London: Hamish Hamilton. 3392:. London: Hamish Hamilton. 3065:Kennedy (1971), pp. 373–384 3043:Kennedy (1971), pp. 362–372 2992:Kennedy (1971), pp. 341–342 2965:Kennedy (1971), pp. 245–246 2898:, accessed 1 February 2011 2692:Kennedy (1989), pp. 208–209 2575:, accessed 7 February 2010 2443:Kennedy (1971), pp. 165–166 1820:, 1 September 1910, p. 599 1658:First Lord of the Admiralty 1561:in 1970, but following the 337:name, using it until 1922. 183:Southampton Row blue plaque 10: 5605: 5489:English conductors (music) 5184:Hallé Principal Conductors 3132: 2605:Oxford Dictionary of Music 2544:Haltrecht, p. 185 and ODNB 2416:Performance History Search 1861:"Royal Academy of Music", 1309: 1021:as chief conductor of the 559:Royal Philharmonic Society 166:, are also still admired. 5544:Suffolk Regiment soldiers 5509:Italian British musicians 5344: 5293: 5276: 5190: 5139: 4965: 4784: 4644: 4591: 4389: 4177: 3893: 3560: 3460:Rothwell, Evelyn (2002). 3329:Osborne, Richard (1998). 3291:Kennedy, Michael (1989). 3272:Kennedy, Michael (1982). 3253:Kennedy, Michael (1971). 3234:Kennedy, Michael (1987). 3215:Horowitz, Joseph (1997). 3143:. London: Leslie Frewin. 3034:Kennedy (1971), pp. 55–56 2705:, 17 December 1970, p. 22 2377:The North American Review 2211:, 13 January 1933, p. 11. 2142:, 13 December 1927, p. 14 2002:, September 1970, p. 926 1238:Repertoire and recordings 899: 894: 682: 677: 350:London Symphony Orchestra 83:London Symphony Orchestra 5299:, Hallé Concerts Society 5221:¶ (1914–1920; 1933–1939) 3993:Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau 3464:. London: Robson Books. 2920:, accessed 10 April 2012 2842:4 September 2015 at the 2116:, 7 September 1929, p. 7 2081:, 17 November 1926, p. 1 1973:"Music in the Provinces" 1881:, 1 August 1916, p. 381 1875:"Royal Academy of Music" 1538:Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau 1436:Symphony of Bax and the 1191:Ordre national du Mérite 1185:in 1963; from Italy the 838:Los Angeles Philharmonic 747:Memories of My Childhood 235:Trinity College of Music 223:Empire, Leicester Square 4647:record label executives 3909:Victoria de los Ángeles 3554:Gramophone Hall of Fame 3462:Life with Glorious John 3443:Rigby, Charles (1948). 3424:Rennison, Nick (2003). 3217:Understanding Toscanini 3012:3 December 2008 at the 2801:(subscription required) 2732:March, Ivan, "Elgar", 2609:(subscription required) 2589:The Manchester Guardian 2577:(subscription required) 2535:, 9 December 1953, p. 3 2366:, September 1970, p. 33 2303:(subscription required) 2227:, 6 December 1938, p. 5 2209:The Manchester Guardian 2205:The Manchester Guardian 2168:, 30 January 1931, p. 4 2166:The Manchester Guardian 2153:The Manchester Guardian 2127:The Manchester Guardian 2114:The Manchester Guardian 2101:The Manchester Guardian 2079:The Manchester Guardian 2066:The Manchester Guardian 2053:The Manchester Guardian 2031:The Manchester Guardian 2004:(subscription required) 1981:(subscription required) 1883:(subscription required) 1822:(subscription required) 1749:(subscription required) 1522:Victoria de los Ángeles 1183:Order of the White Rose 743:Charles Martin Loeffler 330:Petite Suite de Concert 309:I was stationed on the 275:Sir Alexander Mackenzie 3407:Reid, Charles (1968). 3388:Reid, Charles (1971). 3348:Previn, André (1979). 3125:, October 1971, p. 102 2983:Kennedy (1971), p. 341 2974:Kennedy (1971), p. 247 2947:Kennedy (1987), p. 268 2929:Kennedy (1971), p. 244 2896:The Barbirolli Society 2767:Kennedy (1971), p. 326 2714:Kennedy (1971), p. 308 2650:Kennedy (1971), p. 201 2591:, 27 August 1946, p. 3 2488:Kennedy (1971), p. 289 2461:Kennedy (1971), p. 167 2340:Kennedy (1971), p. 144 2322:Kennedy (1971), p. 221 2313:Kennedy (1971), p. 116 2285:Kennedy (1971), p. 111 2263:Kennedy (1971), p. 105 2191:4 January 2010 at the 2129:, 4 October 1932, p. 9 2029:"Today's Programmes", 1919:, December 1969, p. 34 1852:, September 1929, p. 5 1656:Alexander was in fact 1467:The Dream of Gerontius 1372: 1262: 1170: 1037: 973:BBC Symphony Orchestra 943:Liverpool Philharmonic 939:BBC Northern Orchestra 925: 872: 716: 694:Sheep May Safely Graze 632:NBC Symphony Orchestra 563:Ralph Vaughan Williams 452: 374:First conducting posts 334: 261:Royal Academy of Music 252: 249:Royal Academy of Music 184: 79:BBC Symphony Orchestra 37: 5549:Texas classical music 5439:Andrés Orozco-Estrada 5269:(from September 2024) 4958:New York Philharmonic 4561:Mstislav Rostropovich 4133:Elisabeth Schwarzkopf 3865:Michael Tilson Thomas 3276:. London: Macmillan. 3139:Ayre, Leslie (1966). 3091:, October 1969, p. 97 3078:, October 1966, p. 77 2915:"Sir John Barbirolli" 2861:29 April 2014 at the 2837:"The Barbirolli Room" 2745:Kennedy (1982), p. 92 2331:Kennedy (1989), p. 99 2276:, 9 April 1936, p. 12 2155:, 14 March 1930, p. 5 2090:Kennedy (1971), p. 57 2042:Kennedy (1971), p. 43 1979:, March 1921, p. 195 1963:Kennedy (1971), p. 38 1832:Kennedy (1971), p. 28 1540:(1969), and a set of 1473:, Vaughan Williams's 1355: 1288:Gold and Silver Waltz 1245: 1205:(DMus h.c.) from the 1168: 1035: 1013:, where he conducted 886: 855: 704:New York Philharmonic 690:Johann Sebastian Bach 669: 626:New York Philharmonic 481:The Barber of Seville 448: 358:Three Choirs Festival 307: 247: 182: 71:New York Philharmonic 35: 5427:Christoph Eschenbach 4645:Producers/engineers/ 4112:Anne Sofie von Otter 3703:Nikolaus Harnoncourt 3238:. London: Papermac. 3177:The Henry Wood Proms 2902:25 July 2011 at the 2780:, 26 June 1970, p. 7 2758:, 30 July 1970, p. 1 2421:24 July 2014 at the 2068:, 7 June 1928, p. 12 2020:, 22 June 1924, p. 1 1573:Notes and references 1085:Peter Racine Fricker 1058:Gilbert and Sullivan 818:Daniel Gregory Mason 505:Cavalleria rusticana 5534:People from Holborn 5280:†Appointed annually 5078:Dimitri Mitropoulos 4849:Warwick Braithwaite 4831:Vladimir Golschmann 4635:The Tallis Scholars 4600:Alban Berg Quartett 4338:Sergei Rachmaninoff 4056:Dmitri Hvorostovsky 3724:Herbert von Karajan 3710:Christopher Hogwood 3684:Carlo Maria Giulini 3677:John Eliot Gardiner 3670:Wilhelm Furtwängler 3200:. London: Collins. 3175:Cox, David (1980). 3160:. London: Methuen. 3112:, March 2009, p. 93 2683:, 7 July 1950, p. 6 2506:Reid (1968), p. 353 2434:Rothwell, pp. 93–94 2301:, 19 December 1937 2245:Reid (1971), p. 149 2103:, 29 May 1929, p. 8 2055:, 25 May 1926, p. 6 1865:, 30 May 1914, p. 5 1567:Herbert von Karajan 1557:with Barbirolli in 1512:Vienna Philharmonic 1294:was a conductor!'" 1069:Cheltenham Festival 789:Sinfonia da Requiem 709:here on archive.org 702:, BWV 208 with the 663:, for eight weeks. 661:Cleveland Orchestra 636:Wilhelm Furtwängler 154:composers, such as 95:Vienna Philharmonic 91:Berlin Philharmonic 41:Sir John Barbirolli 4970:Ureli Corelli Hill 4621:The King's Singers 4554:Jean-Pierre Rampal 4526:Anne-Sophie Mutter 4345:Sviatoslav Richter 4242:Marc-André Hamelin 4207:Vladimir Ashkenazy 3937:Montserrat Caballé 3642:Sergiu Celibidache 3369:Musical Sketchbook 3056:, July 1956, p. 40 3052:"Pye-Barbirolli", 2573:Grove Music Online 2452:Rigby, pp. 130–132 2299:The New York Times 1994:Anderson, Robert, 1739:Kennedy, Michael. 1416:, Purcell, Ravel, 1373: 1327:His Master's Voice 1263: 1171: 1038: 1007:Vienna State Opera 995:Tristan und Isolde 926: 763:Serge Koussevitzky 717: 612:Scottish Orchestra 547:Sir Thomas Beecham 536:Tristan und Isolde 453: 436:Elisabeth Schumann 390:, director of the 363:Dream of Gerontius 253: 185: 38: 36:Barbirolli in 1960 5454: 5453: 5421:Sergiu Comissiona 5397:Leopold Stokowski 5349:Julien Paul Blitz 5304: 5303: 5150: 5149: 5084:Leonard Bernstein 5072:Leopold Stokowski 5042:Willem Mengelberg 4924: 4923: 4915:Thomas Søndergård 4897:Alexander Lazarev 4744: 4743: 4735:Kenneth Wilkinson 4716:Goddard Lieberson 4435:Jacqueline du Pré 4352:Arthur Rubinstein 4261:Vladimir Horowitz 4119:Luciano Pavarotti 3851:Leopold Stokowski 3785:Yevgeny Mravinsky 3764:Charles Mackerras 3602:Leonard Bernstein 3007:"John Barbirolli" 2825:"John Barbirolli" 2736:, May 2003, p. 42 2553:Reid (1957), p. 8 2185:"John Barbirolli" 2000:The Musical Times 1977:The Musical Times 1879:The Musical Times 1818:The Musical Times 1604:Beatrice Harrison 1555:Die Meistersinger 1499:Enigma Variations 1486:Jacqueline du Pré 1476:A London Symphony 1369:Arthur Rubinstein 1046:Royal Albert Hall 1019:Leopold Stokowski 990:Orfeo ed Euridice 960:The Musical Times 924: 923: 915:, Op. 36 in 1947 912:Enigma Variations 715: 714: 696:from his Cantata 618:in succession to 572:Kindertotenlieder 561:concert at which 530:Der Rosenkavalier 459:Die Meistersinger 401:Roméo et Juliette 354:The Musical Times 270:The Musical Times 16:(Redirected from 5596: 5514:Knights Bachelor 5331: 5324: 5317: 5308: 5307: 5286:‡Guest conductor 5283:¶Musical adviser 5177: 5170: 5163: 5154: 5153: 5145: 5048:Arturo Toscanini 5000:Adolf Neuendorff 4988:Leopold Damrosch 4976:Theodore Eisfeld 4951: 4944: 4937: 4928: 4927: 4873:Alexander Gibson 4771: 4764: 4757: 4748: 4747: 4737: 4730: 4725: 4718: 4711: 4704: 4697: 4692: 4685: 4678: 4671: 4664: 4657: 4637: 4630: 4623: 4616: 4609: 4602: 4584: 4577: 4570: 4563: 4556: 4549: 4542: 4535: 4528: 4521: 4514: 4507: 4500: 4493: 4486: 4479: 4472: 4465: 4458: 4451: 4444: 4437: 4430: 4423: 4416: 4409: 4402: 4392:woodwind players 4382: 4375: 4368: 4361: 4354: 4347: 4340: 4333: 4331:Maurizio Pollini 4326: 4319: 4312: 4305: 4298: 4291: 4289:Gustav Leonhardt 4284: 4277: 4270: 4263: 4256: 4249: 4248: 4237: 4230: 4223: 4216: 4209: 4202: 4195: 4188: 4186:Leif Ove Andsnes 4170: 4168:Fritz Wunderlich 4163: 4156: 4149: 4142: 4135: 4128: 4121: 4114: 4107: 4100: 4093: 4086: 4079: 4077:Simon Keenlyside 4072: 4065: 4063:Gundula Janowitz 4058: 4051: 4044: 4037: 4030: 4023: 4021:Nicolai Ghiaurov 4016: 4014:Angela Gheorghiu 4009: 4002: 4000:Kirsten Flagstad 3995: 3988: 3986:Kathleen Ferrier 3981: 3974: 3967: 3965:Feodor Chaliapin 3960: 3953: 3946: 3939: 3932: 3925: 3918: 3911: 3904: 3886: 3879: 3878: 3872:Arturo Toscanini 3867: 3860: 3853: 3846: 3845: 3834: 3827: 3826: 3815: 3808: 3801: 3794: 3787: 3780: 3773: 3771:Neville Marriner 3766: 3759: 3752: 3745: 3738: 3737: 3726: 3719: 3712: 3705: 3698: 3697: 3686: 3679: 3672: 3665: 3658: 3651: 3649:Riccardo Chailly 3644: 3637: 3635:Benjamin Britten 3630: 3629: 3618: 3611: 3604: 3597: 3596: 3585: 3583:Daniel Barenboim 3578: 3571: 3547: 3540: 3533: 3524: 3523: 3505: 3475: 3456: 3439: 3420: 3403: 3384: 3363: 3344: 3325: 3308: 3287: 3268: 3249: 3230: 3211: 3190: 3171: 3152: 3126: 3119: 3113: 3098: 3092: 3085: 3079: 3072: 3066: 3063: 3057: 3050: 3044: 3041: 3035: 3032: 3026: 3023: 3017: 3004: 2993: 2990: 2984: 2981: 2975: 2972: 2966: 2963: 2957: 2954: 2948: 2945: 2939: 2936: 2930: 2927: 2921: 2912: 2906: 2893: 2887: 2881: 2875: 2872: 2866: 2856:"School History" 2853: 2847: 2834: 2828: 2822: 2816: 2809: 2803: 2802: 2790: 2781: 2774: 2768: 2765: 2759: 2752: 2746: 2743: 2737: 2730: 2724: 2721: 2715: 2712: 2706: 2699: 2693: 2690: 2684: 2657: 2651: 2648: 2642: 2639: 2633: 2630: 2624: 2617: 2611: 2610: 2598: 2592: 2585: 2579: 2578: 2565: 2554: 2551: 2545: 2542: 2536: 2513: 2507: 2504: 2498: 2495: 2489: 2486: 2480: 2477: 2471: 2468: 2462: 2459: 2453: 2450: 2444: 2441: 2435: 2432: 2426: 2413: 2407: 2404: 2398: 2395: 2389: 2386: 2380: 2373: 2367: 2358: 2341: 2338: 2332: 2329: 2323: 2320: 2314: 2311: 2305: 2304: 2292: 2286: 2283: 2277: 2270: 2264: 2261: 2255: 2254:Horowitz, p. 153 2252: 2246: 2243: 2237: 2234: 2228: 2221: 2212: 2201: 2195: 2182: 2169: 2162: 2156: 2149: 2143: 2136: 2130: 2123: 2117: 2110: 2104: 2097: 2091: 2088: 2082: 2075: 2069: 2062: 2056: 2049: 2043: 2040: 2034: 2027: 2021: 2012: 2006: 2005: 1992: 1983: 1982: 1970: 1964: 1961: 1955: 1944: 1938: 1935: 1929: 1926: 1920: 1913: 1894: 1891: 1885: 1884: 1872: 1866: 1859: 1853: 1846: 1833: 1830: 1824: 1823: 1811: 1805: 1802: 1796: 1788: 1769: 1766: 1760: 1757: 1751: 1750: 1737: 1720: 1717: 1701: 1694: 1688: 1681: 1675: 1671: 1665: 1654: 1648: 1645: 1639: 1636: 1630: 1626: 1620: 1613: 1607: 1596: 1590: 1587: 1542:Madama Butterfly 1524:(1966), Verdi's 1450:Vanguard Records 1339:Artur Rubinstein 1317:The Gramophone). 1299:Sir Adrian Boult 1255:Vaughan Williams 1234:"Hall of Fame". 1224:Daniel Barenboim 1215:Bridgewater Hall 1097:Kenneth Leighton 1023:Houston Symphony 1011:Rome Opera House 1003:Madama Butterfly 904: 903: 892: 891: 749:, a symphony by 687: 686: 675: 674: 620:Arturo Toscanini 476:Madama Butterfly 422:Madama Butterfly 417:Madama Butterfly 326:Coleridge-Taylor 303:Suffolk Regiment 148:Vaughan Williams 128:Madama Butterfly 104:, and then with 75:Houston Symphony 67:Arturo Toscanini 53: 47: 21: 5604: 5603: 5599: 5598: 5597: 5595: 5594: 5593: 5459: 5458: 5455: 5450: 5415:Lawrence Foster 5403:John Barbirolli 5367:Frank St. Leger 5340: 5335: 5305: 5300: 5289: 5272: 5237:John Barbirolli 5231:Malcolm Sargent 5213:Michael Balling 5186: 5181: 5151: 5146: 5137: 5132:Gustavo Dudamel 5126:Jaap van Zweden 5060:Artur Rodziński 5054:John Barbirolli 5018:Walter Damrosch 4994:Theodore Thomas 4961: 4960:Music Directors 4955: 4925: 4920: 4903:Stéphane Denève 4855:Walter Susskind 4837:John Barbirolli 4789:George Henschel 4780: 4775: 4745: 4740: 4733: 4728: 4721: 4714: 4707: 4700: 4695: 4688: 4681: 4674: 4667: 4660: 4653: 4646: 4640: 4633: 4626: 4619: 4614:Beaux Arts Trio 4612: 4607:Amadeus Quartet 4605: 4598: 4587: 4580: 4573: 4566: 4559: 4552: 4545: 4538: 4531: 4524: 4519:Nathan Milstein 4517: 4510: 4503: 4498:Wynton Marsalis 4496: 4489: 4482: 4475: 4470:Steven Isserlis 4468: 4461: 4454: 4449:Arthur Grumiaux 4447: 4440: 4433: 4428:Kyung Wha Chung 4426: 4419: 4412: 4405: 4398: 4391: 4385: 4378: 4373:Grigory Sokolov 4371: 4364: 4357: 4350: 4343: 4336: 4329: 4322: 4315: 4308: 4301: 4294: 4287: 4280: 4273: 4266: 4259: 4252: 4240: 4235:Friedrich Gulda 4233: 4226: 4219: 4212: 4205: 4198: 4193:Martha Argerich 4191: 4184: 4173: 4166: 4159: 4152: 4145: 4140:Joan Sutherland 4138: 4131: 4124: 4117: 4110: 4103: 4096: 4089: 4082: 4075: 4068: 4061: 4054: 4047: 4040: 4033: 4026: 4019: 4012: 4005: 3998: 3991: 3984: 3979:Plácido Domingo 3977: 3970: 3963: 3956: 3949: 3942: 3935: 3928: 3923:Cecilia Bartoli 3921: 3914: 3907: 3900: 3889: 3882: 3870: 3863: 3856: 3849: 3837: 3830: 3818: 3811: 3806:Antonio Pappano 3804: 3797: 3790: 3783: 3776: 3769: 3762: 3755: 3748: 3741: 3729: 3722: 3715: 3708: 3701: 3691:Bernard Haitink 3689: 3682: 3675: 3668: 3663:Gustavo Dudamel 3661: 3654: 3647: 3640: 3633: 3621: 3614: 3607: 3600: 3588: 3581: 3576:John Barbirolli 3574: 3567: 3556: 3551: 3514:John Barbirolli 3486:John Barbirolli 3482: 3472: 3445:John Barbirolli 3436: 3409:Malcolm Sargent 3400: 3360: 3341: 3305: 3284: 3265: 3246: 3227: 3208: 3187: 3168: 3135: 3130: 3129: 3120: 3116: 3099: 3095: 3086: 3082: 3073: 3069: 3064: 3060: 3051: 3047: 3042: 3038: 3033: 3029: 3024: 3020: 3014:Wayback Machine 3005: 2996: 2991: 2987: 2982: 2978: 2973: 2969: 2964: 2960: 2955: 2951: 2946: 2942: 2938:Osborne, p. 461 2937: 2933: 2928: 2924: 2913: 2909: 2904:Wayback Machine 2894: 2890: 2882: 2878: 2873: 2869: 2863:Wayback Machine 2854: 2850: 2844:Wayback Machine 2835: 2831: 2823: 2819: 2810: 2806: 2800: 2791: 2784: 2775: 2771: 2766: 2762: 2753: 2749: 2744: 2740: 2731: 2727: 2723:Brookes, p. 253 2722: 2718: 2713: 2709: 2700: 2696: 2691: 2687: 2658: 2654: 2649: 2645: 2640: 2636: 2631: 2627: 2618: 2614: 2608: 2599: 2595: 2586: 2582: 2576: 2566: 2557: 2552: 2548: 2543: 2539: 2514: 2510: 2505: 2501: 2496: 2492: 2487: 2483: 2478: 2474: 2469: 2465: 2460: 2456: 2451: 2447: 2442: 2438: 2433: 2429: 2423:Wayback Machine 2414: 2410: 2405: 2401: 2396: 2392: 2388:Rothwell, p. 64 2387: 2383: 2374: 2370: 2359: 2344: 2339: 2335: 2330: 2326: 2321: 2317: 2312: 2308: 2302: 2293: 2289: 2284: 2280: 2271: 2267: 2262: 2258: 2253: 2249: 2244: 2240: 2236:Lindsay, p. 233 2235: 2231: 2222: 2215: 2202: 2198: 2193:Wayback Machine 2183: 2172: 2163: 2159: 2150: 2146: 2137: 2133: 2124: 2120: 2111: 2107: 2098: 2094: 2089: 2085: 2076: 2072: 2063: 2059: 2050: 2046: 2041: 2037: 2028: 2024: 2013: 2009: 2003: 1993: 1986: 1980: 1971: 1967: 1962: 1958: 1945: 1941: 1936: 1932: 1927: 1923: 1914: 1897: 1893:Rothwell, p. 19 1892: 1888: 1882: 1873: 1869: 1860: 1856: 1847: 1836: 1831: 1827: 1821: 1812: 1808: 1803: 1799: 1789: 1772: 1767: 1763: 1758: 1754: 1748: 1738: 1723: 1718: 1714: 1704: 1695: 1691: 1683:His successor, 1682: 1678: 1672: 1668: 1655: 1651: 1646: 1642: 1637: 1633: 1627: 1623: 1614: 1610: 1597: 1593: 1588: 1584: 1575: 1530:James McCracken 1517:Dido and Aeneas 1479:, and works by 1430: 1422:Rimsky-Korsakov 1367:(lower l.) and 1312: 1257:(lower l.) and 1240: 1228:Michael Kennedy 1163: 1093:Alan Rawsthorne 1081:Arthur Benjamin 947:Malcolm Sargent 901: 888:Free Trade Hall 881: 879:Hallé Orchestra 859:A. V. Alexander 802:Eugene Goossens 794:Violin Concerto 767:Evelyn Rothwell 684: 657:Artur Rodziński 645:Igor Stravinsky 628: 584:Hallé Orchestra 432:Mariano Stabile 388:Frederic Austin 376: 189:Southampton Row 177: 172: 63:Hallé Orchestra 43: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5602: 5592: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5452: 5451: 5449: 5448: 5442: 5436: 5430: 5424: 5418: 5412: 5406: 5400: 5394: 5391:Thomas Beecham 5388: 5385:Ferenc Fricsay 5382: 5376: 5373:Ernst Hoffmann 5370: 5364: 5358: 5352: 5345: 5342: 5341: 5334: 5333: 5326: 5319: 5311: 5302: 5301: 5294: 5291: 5290: 5288: 5287: 5284: 5281: 5277: 5274: 5273: 5271: 5270: 5264: 5258: 5252: 5246: 5243:James Loughran 5240: 5234: 5228: 5225:Hamilton Harty 5222: 5219:Thomas Beecham 5216: 5210: 5204: 5201:Frederic Cowen 5198: 5191: 5188: 5187: 5180: 5179: 5172: 5165: 5157: 5148: 5147: 5140: 5138: 5136: 5135: 5129: 5123: 5117: 5111: 5105: 5099: 5093: 5087: 5081: 5075: 5069: 5063: 5057: 5051: 5045: 5039: 5036:Josef Stránský 5033: 5027: 5024:Vasily Safonov 5021: 5015: 5009: 5003: 4997: 4991: 4985: 4979: 4973: 4966: 4963: 4962: 4954: 4953: 4946: 4939: 4931: 4922: 4921: 4919: 4918: 4912: 4909:Peter Oundjian 4906: 4900: 4894: 4888: 4885:Bryden Thomson 4882: 4876: 4870: 4867:Hans Swarowsky 4864: 4858: 4852: 4846: 4840: 4834: 4828: 4822: 4816: 4813:Emil Młynarski 4810: 4807:Frederic Cowen 4804: 4798: 4792: 4785: 4782: 4781: 4774: 4773: 4766: 4759: 4751: 4742: 4741: 4739: 4738: 4731: 4726: 4719: 4712: 4705: 4698: 4696:Alain Lanceron 4693: 4686: 4679: 4676:C. Robert Fine 4672: 4665: 4662:Bernard Coutaz 4658: 4655:Emile Berliner 4650: 4648: 4642: 4641: 4639: 4638: 4631: 4628:Takács Quartet 4624: 4617: 4610: 4603: 4595: 4593: 4589: 4588: 4586: 4585: 4578: 4575:Andrés Segovia 4571: 4564: 4557: 4550: 4547:Itzhak Perlman 4543: 4540:Emmanuel Pahud 4536: 4533:David Oistrakh 4529: 4522: 4515: 4512:Yehudi Menuhin 4508: 4505:Albrecht Mayer 4501: 4494: 4487: 4480: 4477:Fritz Kreisler 4473: 4466: 4463:Heinz Holliger 4459: 4456:Jascha Heifetz 4452: 4445: 4438: 4431: 4424: 4417: 4410: 4403: 4395: 4393: 4387: 4386: 4384: 4383: 4380:Mitsuko Uchida 4376: 4369: 4366:Artur Schnabel 4362: 4355: 4348: 4341: 4334: 4327: 4324:Murray Perahia 4320: 4313: 4306: 4299: 4292: 4285: 4278: 4275:Wilhelm Kempff 4271: 4264: 4257: 4250: 4238: 4231: 4224: 4217: 4214:Alfred Brendel 4210: 4203: 4196: 4189: 4181: 4179: 4175: 4174: 4172: 4171: 4164: 4157: 4154:Kiri Te Kanawa 4150: 4147:Renata Tebaldi 4143: 4136: 4129: 4126:Leontyne Price 4122: 4115: 4108: 4101: 4098:Birgit Nilsson 4094: 4087: 4080: 4073: 4070:Jonas Kaufmann 4066: 4059: 4052: 4045: 4038: 4035:Thomas Hampson 4031: 4024: 4017: 4010: 4003: 3996: 3989: 3982: 3975: 3972:Joyce DiDonato 3968: 3961: 3954: 3947: 3940: 3933: 3930:Jussi Björling 3926: 3919: 3912: 3905: 3897: 3895: 3891: 3890: 3888: 3887: 3880: 3868: 3861: 3854: 3847: 3835: 3828: 3816: 3813:Trevor Pinnock 3809: 3802: 3799:Eugene Ormandy 3795: 3788: 3781: 3774: 3767: 3760: 3753: 3750:Rafael Kubelík 3746: 3743:Otto Klemperer 3739: 3731:Carlos Kleiber 3727: 3720: 3717:Mariss Jansons 3713: 3706: 3699: 3687: 3680: 3673: 3666: 3659: 3652: 3645: 3638: 3631: 3619: 3612: 3605: 3598: 3590:Thomas Beecham 3586: 3579: 3572: 3569:Claudio Abbado 3564: 3562: 3558: 3557: 3550: 3549: 3542: 3535: 3527: 3521: 3520: 3511: 3506: 3492: 3481: 3480:External links 3478: 3477: 3476: 3470: 3457: 3440: 3434: 3421: 3404: 3398: 3385: 3373:Bruno Cassirer 3364: 3358: 3345: 3339: 3326: 3309: 3303: 3294:William Walton 3288: 3282: 3269: 3263: 3250: 3244: 3231: 3225: 3212: 3206: 3191: 3185: 3172: 3166: 3153: 3134: 3131: 3128: 3127: 3123:The Gramophone 3114: 3102:The Gramophone 3093: 3089:The Gramophone 3080: 3076:The Gramophone 3067: 3058: 3054:The Gramophone 3045: 3036: 3027: 3018: 2994: 2985: 2976: 2967: 2958: 2949: 2940: 2931: 2922: 2907: 2888: 2876: 2867: 2848: 2829: 2817: 2804: 2782: 2769: 2760: 2747: 2738: 2725: 2716: 2707: 2694: 2685: 2652: 2643: 2634: 2625: 2612: 2593: 2580: 2555: 2546: 2537: 2508: 2499: 2490: 2481: 2472: 2463: 2454: 2445: 2436: 2427: 2408: 2399: 2390: 2381: 2368: 2363:The Gramophone 2342: 2333: 2324: 2315: 2306: 2287: 2278: 2265: 2256: 2247: 2238: 2229: 2213: 2196: 2170: 2157: 2144: 2131: 2118: 2105: 2092: 2083: 2070: 2057: 2044: 2035: 2022: 2007: 1984: 1965: 1956: 1939: 1930: 1921: 1917:The Gramophone 1895: 1886: 1867: 1854: 1850:The Gramophone 1834: 1825: 1806: 1797: 1770: 1761: 1759:Rothwell, p. 1 1752: 1721: 1711: 1710: 1703: 1702: 1689: 1685:James Loughran 1676: 1666: 1662:First Sea Lord 1649: 1640: 1631: 1621: 1615:The critic of 1608: 1591: 1581: 1574: 1571: 1550:Carlo Bergonzi 1471:Ninth Symphony 1429: 1428:1943 and later 1426: 1361:Jascha Heifetz 1357:Fritz Kreisler 1343:Fritz Kreisler 1311: 1308: 1239: 1236: 1187:Order of Merit 1162: 1159: 1138:Symphony No. 7 1124:Symphony No. 1 1115:Neville Cardus 1077:Richard Arnell 1054:Johann Strauss 922: 921: 897: 896: 895:External audio 880: 877: 833:Virgil Thomson 823:The Gramophone 713: 712: 680: 679: 678:External audio 649:Georges Enescu 627: 624: 592:Pierre Monteux 588:Hamilton Harty 577:Elena Gerhardt 551:Symphony No. 2 380:Chenil Gallery 375: 372: 346:Cello Concerto 299:Ethel Bartlett 283:String Quartet 265:Herbert Walenn 176: 173: 171: 168: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5601: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5466: 5464: 5457: 5446: 5445:Juraj Valčuha 5443: 5440: 5437: 5434: 5431: 5428: 5425: 5422: 5419: 5416: 5413: 5410: 5407: 5404: 5401: 5398: 5395: 5392: 5389: 5386: 5383: 5380: 5377: 5374: 5371: 5368: 5365: 5362: 5361:Uriel Nespoli 5359: 5356: 5353: 5350: 5347: 5346: 5343: 5339: 5332: 5327: 5325: 5320: 5318: 5313: 5312: 5309: 5298: 5292: 5285: 5282: 5279: 5278: 5275: 5268: 5265: 5262: 5259: 5256: 5253: 5250: 5247: 5244: 5241: 5238: 5235: 5233:‡ (1933–1942) 5232: 5229: 5226: 5223: 5220: 5217: 5214: 5211: 5208: 5205: 5203:† (1896–1899) 5202: 5199: 5196: 5195:Charles Hallé 5193: 5192: 5189: 5185: 5178: 5173: 5171: 5166: 5164: 5159: 5158: 5155: 5144: 5133: 5130: 5127: 5124: 5121: 5118: 5115: 5112: 5109: 5106: 5103: 5100: 5097: 5096:Pierre Boulez 5094: 5091: 5088: 5085: 5082: 5079: 5076: 5073: 5070: 5067: 5064: 5061: 5058: 5055: 5052: 5049: 5046: 5043: 5040: 5037: 5034: 5031: 5030:Gustav Mahler 5028: 5025: 5022: 5019: 5016: 5013: 5010: 5007: 5004: 5001: 4998: 4995: 4992: 4989: 4986: 4983: 4982:Carl Bergmann 4980: 4977: 4974: 4971: 4968: 4967: 4964: 4959: 4952: 4947: 4945: 4940: 4938: 4933: 4932: 4929: 4916: 4913: 4910: 4907: 4904: 4901: 4898: 4895: 4892: 4891:Walter Weller 4889: 4886: 4883: 4880: 4877: 4874: 4871: 4868: 4865: 4862: 4859: 4856: 4853: 4850: 4847: 4844: 4841: 4838: 4835: 4832: 4829: 4826: 4825:Václav Talich 4823: 4820: 4819:Landon Ronald 4817: 4814: 4811: 4808: 4805: 4802: 4801:Wilhelm Bruch 4799: 4796: 4793: 4790: 4787: 4786: 4783: 4779: 4772: 4767: 4765: 4760: 4758: 4753: 4752: 4749: 4736: 4732: 4727: 4724: 4720: 4717: 4713: 4710: 4706: 4703: 4699: 4694: 4691: 4690:Klaus Heymann 4687: 4684: 4683:Fred Gaisberg 4680: 4677: 4673: 4670: 4666: 4663: 4659: 4656: 4652: 4651: 4649: 4643: 4636: 4632: 4629: 4625: 4622: 4618: 4615: 4611: 4608: 4604: 4601: 4597: 4596: 4594: 4590: 4583: 4582:John Williams 4579: 4576: 4572: 4569: 4565: 4562: 4558: 4555: 4551: 4548: 4544: 4541: 4537: 4534: 4530: 4527: 4523: 4520: 4516: 4513: 4509: 4506: 4502: 4499: 4495: 4492: 4488: 4485: 4481: 4478: 4474: 4471: 4467: 4464: 4460: 4457: 4453: 4450: 4446: 4443: 4439: 4436: 4432: 4429: 4425: 4422: 4418: 4415: 4411: 4408: 4404: 4401: 4400:Maurice André 4397: 4396: 4394: 4390:String/brass/ 4388: 4381: 4377: 4374: 4370: 4367: 4363: 4360: 4359:András Schiff 4356: 4353: 4349: 4346: 4342: 4339: 4335: 4332: 4328: 4325: 4321: 4318: 4314: 4311: 4307: 4304: 4300: 4297: 4293: 4290: 4286: 4283: 4282:Evgeny Kissin 4279: 4276: 4272: 4269: 4268:Stephen Hough 4265: 4262: 4258: 4255: 4254:Angela Hewitt 4251: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4236: 4232: 4229: 4225: 4222: 4218: 4215: 4211: 4208: 4204: 4201: 4200:Claudio Arrau 4197: 4194: 4190: 4187: 4183: 4182: 4180: 4176: 4169: 4165: 4162: 4158: 4155: 4151: 4148: 4144: 4141: 4137: 4134: 4130: 4127: 4123: 4120: 4116: 4113: 4109: 4106: 4105:Jessye Norman 4102: 4099: 4095: 4092: 4091:Anna Netrebko 4088: 4085: 4081: 4078: 4074: 4071: 4067: 4064: 4060: 4057: 4053: 4050: 4046: 4043: 4042:Marilyn Horne 4039: 4036: 4032: 4029: 4025: 4022: 4018: 4015: 4011: 4008: 4007:Renée Fleming 4004: 4001: 3997: 3994: 3990: 3987: 3983: 3980: 3976: 3973: 3969: 3966: 3962: 3959: 3958:Enrico Caruso 3955: 3952: 3951:José Carreras 3948: 3945: 3941: 3938: 3934: 3931: 3927: 3924: 3920: 3917: 3913: 3910: 3906: 3903: 3899: 3898: 3896: 3892: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3866: 3862: 3859: 3855: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3814: 3810: 3807: 3803: 3800: 3796: 3793: 3792:Riccardo Muti 3789: 3786: 3782: 3779: 3775: 3772: 3768: 3765: 3761: 3758: 3754: 3751: 3747: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3725: 3721: 3718: 3714: 3711: 3707: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3685: 3681: 3678: 3674: 3671: 3667: 3664: 3660: 3657: 3653: 3650: 3646: 3643: 3639: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3617: 3616:Pierre Boulez 3613: 3610: 3606: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3584: 3580: 3577: 3573: 3570: 3566: 3565: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3548: 3543: 3541: 3536: 3534: 3529: 3528: 3525: 3519: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3493: 3491: 3487: 3484: 3483: 3473: 3471:1-86105-474-2 3467: 3463: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3441: 3437: 3435:0-7509-3388-7 3431: 3427: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3405: 3401: 3399:0-241-01819-6 3395: 3391: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3365: 3361: 3359:0-354-04420-6 3355: 3351: 3346: 3342: 3340:1-85619-763-8 3336: 3332: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3310: 3306: 3304:0-19-315418-8 3300: 3296: 3295: 3289: 3285: 3283:0-7190-0921-9 3279: 3275: 3270: 3266: 3264:0-261-63336-8 3260: 3256: 3251: 3247: 3245:0-333-48752-4 3241: 3237: 3232: 3228: 3226:0-520-08542-6 3222: 3218: 3213: 3209: 3207:0-00-211163-2 3203: 3199: 3198: 3192: 3188: 3186:0-563-17697-0 3182: 3178: 3173: 3169: 3167:0-413-50940-0 3163: 3159: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3137: 3136: 3124: 3118: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3097: 3090: 3084: 3077: 3071: 3062: 3055: 3049: 3040: 3031: 3022: 3015: 3011: 3008: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2989: 2980: 2971: 2962: 2956:Ayre, pp. 7–8 2953: 2944: 2935: 2926: 2919: 2916: 2911: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2892: 2885: 2880: 2871: 2864: 2860: 2857: 2852: 2845: 2841: 2838: 2833: 2826: 2821: 2814: 2808: 2798: 2794: 2789: 2787: 2779: 2773: 2764: 2757: 2751: 2742: 2735: 2729: 2720: 2711: 2704: 2698: 2689: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2656: 2647: 2638: 2629: 2622: 2616: 2606: 2602: 2597: 2590: 2584: 2574: 2570: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2550: 2541: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2512: 2503: 2497:Rigby, p. 154 2494: 2485: 2476: 2470:Previn, p. 67 2467: 2458: 2449: 2440: 2431: 2424: 2420: 2417: 2412: 2403: 2394: 2385: 2378: 2372: 2365: 2364: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2349: 2347: 2337: 2328: 2319: 2310: 2300: 2296: 2291: 2282: 2275: 2269: 2260: 2251: 2242: 2233: 2226: 2220: 2218: 2210: 2206: 2200: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2181: 2179: 2177: 2175: 2167: 2161: 2154: 2148: 2141: 2135: 2128: 2122: 2115: 2109: 2102: 2096: 2087: 2080: 2074: 2067: 2061: 2054: 2048: 2039: 2032: 2026: 2019: 2018: 2011: 2001: 1997: 1991: 1989: 1978: 1974: 1969: 1960: 1953: 1949: 1943: 1934: 1925: 1918: 1912: 1910: 1908: 1906: 1904: 1902: 1900: 1890: 1880: 1876: 1871: 1864: 1858: 1851: 1845: 1843: 1841: 1839: 1829: 1819: 1815: 1810: 1801: 1794: 1793: 1787: 1785: 1783: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1775: 1765: 1756: 1746: 1742: 1736: 1734: 1732: 1730: 1728: 1726: 1716: 1712: 1709: 1708: 1699: 1693: 1686: 1680: 1670: 1663: 1659: 1653: 1644: 1635: 1625: 1618: 1612: 1605: 1601: 1600:Felix Salmond 1595: 1586: 1582: 1580: 1579: 1570: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1551: 1547: 1546:Renata Scotto 1543: 1539: 1535: 1534:Gwyneth Jones 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1518: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1500: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1482: 1478: 1477: 1472: 1469:, Schubert's 1468: 1464: 1463: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1425: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1370: 1366: 1365:Alfred Cortot 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1348: 1347:Meistersinger 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1331:Fred Gaisberg 1328: 1324: 1323: 1318: 1307: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1293: 1289: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1269:, Beethoven, 1268: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1235: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1220: 1216: 1210: 1208: 1204: 1203:honoris causa 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1167: 1158: 1156: 1152: 1151: 1150:Manon Lescaut 1146: 1141: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1130: 1125: 1121: 1116: 1110: 1108: 1104: 1103: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1073:William Alwyn 1070: 1065: 1063: 1062:Charles Hallé 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1034: 1030: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 991: 986: 982: 978: 977:David Webster 974: 970: 964: 961: 956: 955: 950: 948: 944: 940: 935: 931: 930:Leslie Howard 920: 919: 914: 913: 908: 898: 893: 889: 885: 876: 871: 868: 864: 860: 854: 851: 847: 841: 839: 834: 829: 825: 824: 819: 815: 811: 810:Samuel Barber 807: 803: 799: 798:Jacques Ibert 795: 791: 790: 785: 781: 780: 775: 770: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 751:Anis Fuleihan 748: 745:'s tone-poem 744: 740: 736: 732: 731: 726: 722: 711: 710: 705: 701: 700: 695: 691: 681: 676: 672: 671:Carnegie Hall 668: 664: 662: 658: 654: 653:Carlos Chávez 650: 646: 641: 637: 633: 623: 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 580: 578: 574: 573: 568: 567:Gustav Mahler 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 543: 538: 537: 532: 531: 526: 524: 519: 518: 513: 512: 507: 506: 501: 500: 495: 494: 489: 488: 483: 482: 477: 473: 472: 467: 466: 461: 460: 451: 447: 443: 441: 437: 433: 429: 428: 423: 419: 418: 413: 412: 407: 403: 402: 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 371: 369: 368:André Mangeot 365: 364: 359: 355: 351: 347: 343: 338: 333: 331: 327: 324:overture and 323: 322: 321:Light Cavalry 316: 312: 311:Isle of Grain 306: 304: 300: 296: 292: 286: 284: 280: 276: 272: 271: 266: 262: 258: 250: 246: 242: 240: 236: 232: 226: 224: 220: 219: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 181: 167: 165: 161: 157: 153: 149: 145: 141: 136: 134: 130: 129: 123: 119: 115: 111: 107: 106:Covent Garden 103: 98: 96: 92: 88: 84: 80: 76: 72: 68: 64: 60: 56: 52: 46: 42: 34: 30: 19: 5456: 5409:André Previn 5402: 5267:Kahchun Wong 5236: 5207:Hans Richter 5120:Alan Gilbert 5114:Lorin Maazel 5090:George Szell 5066:Bruno Walter 5053: 4843:George Szell 4836: 4723:Richard Mohr 4709:Edward Lewis 4702:Walter Legge 4669:John Culshaw 4568:Jordi Savall 4484:Gidon Kremer 4442:James Galway 4421:Pablo Casals 4414:Julian Bream 4407:Dennis Brain 4303:Dinu Lipatti 4178:Keyboardists 3944:Maria Callas 3902:Thomas Allen 3884:Bruno Walter 3858:George Szell 3832:Fritz Reiner 3820:Simon Rattle 3757:James Levine 3623:Adrian Boult 3575: 3518:Find a Grave 3461: 3444: 3425: 3408: 3389: 3368: 3349: 3330: 3313: 3293: 3273: 3254: 3236:Adrian Boult 3235: 3216: 3196: 3176: 3157: 3140: 3122: 3117: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3096: 3088: 3083: 3075: 3070: 3061: 3053: 3048: 3039: 3030: 3021: 2988: 2979: 2970: 2961: 2952: 2943: 2934: 2925: 2917: 2910: 2891: 2879: 2870: 2851: 2832: 2820: 2807: 2796: 2777: 2772: 2763: 2755: 2750: 2741: 2733: 2728: 2719: 2710: 2703:The Guardian 2702: 2697: 2688: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2655: 2646: 2637: 2628: 2620: 2615: 2604: 2596: 2588: 2583: 2572: 2549: 2540: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2511: 2502: 2493: 2484: 2475: 2466: 2457: 2448: 2439: 2430: 2411: 2402: 2393: 2384: 2376: 2371: 2361: 2336: 2327: 2318: 2309: 2298: 2290: 2281: 2273: 2268: 2259: 2250: 2241: 2232: 2224: 2208: 2204: 2203:"Concerts", 2199: 2165: 2160: 2152: 2147: 2139: 2134: 2126: 2121: 2113: 2108: 2100: 2095: 2086: 2078: 2073: 2065: 2060: 2052: 2047: 2038: 2030: 2025: 2017:The Observer 2015: 2014:"Concerts", 2010: 1999: 1976: 1968: 1959: 1951: 1947: 1942: 1933: 1924: 1916: 1889: 1878: 1870: 1862: 1857: 1849: 1828: 1817: 1809: 1804:Rigby, p. 17 1800: 1790: 1768:Rigby, p. 15 1764: 1755: 1744: 1715: 1706: 1705: 1697: 1692: 1679: 1669: 1652: 1643: 1634: 1624: 1616: 1611: 1594: 1585: 1577: 1576: 1554: 1541: 1525: 1515: 1497: 1490:Sea Pictures 1489: 1474: 1466: 1460: 1458: 1431: 1400:, Sibelius, 1374: 1346: 1320: 1316: 1313: 1296: 1291: 1287: 1264: 1231: 1211: 1202: 1172: 1154: 1153:and Verdi's 1148: 1144: 1142: 1129:Sea Pictures 1127: 1111: 1107:Philharmonia 1100: 1089:Gordon Jacob 1066: 1039: 1014: 1002: 998: 994: 988: 984: 980: 965: 959: 952: 951: 927: 917: 910: 907:Edward Elgar 873: 856: 842: 821: 814:Deems Taylor 806:Arthur Bliss 787: 779:Façade Suite 777: 771: 758: 755:Philip James 746: 728: 718: 708: 697: 629: 581: 570: 555:Pablo Casals 540: 534: 528: 521: 517:Il trovatore 515: 509: 503: 497: 491: 485: 479: 475: 469: 463: 457: 454: 427:Don Giovanni 425: 421: 415: 409: 399: 377: 361: 353: 342:Edward Elgar 339: 335: 329: 319: 308: 287: 268: 254: 239:Queen's Hall 227: 216: 208: 186: 137: 126: 99: 87:Philharmonia 54: 40: 39: 29: 5474:1970 deaths 5469:1899 births 5379:Efrem Kurtz 5263:(2000–2024) 5257:(1992–2000) 5255:Kent Nagano 5251:(1982–1992) 5245:(1971–1983) 5239:(1943–1970) 5227:(1920–1933) 5215:(1912–1914) 5209:(1899–1911) 5197:(1858–1895) 5102:Zubin Mehta 5006:Anton Seidl 4879:Neeme Järvi 4228:Glenn Gould 4221:Emil Gilels 4161:Bryn Terfel 4084:Emma Kirkby 4049:Hans Hotter 3916:Janet Baker 3839:Georg Solti 3778:Zubin Mehta 3656:Colin Davis 2797:Who Was Who 2641:Cox, p. 178 2632:Cox, p. 163 1937:Ayre, p. 19 1494:Janet Baker 1446:Pye Records 1402:Tchaikovsky 1394:Mendelssohn 1253:, (top r.) 1219:blue plaque 1120:King's Lynn 1050:Franz Lehár 828:Olin Downes 542:Die Walküre 440:Heddle Nash 175:Early years 5463:Categories 5355:Paul Bergé 5261:Mark Elder 5108:Kurt Masur 4861:Karl Rankl 4795:Willem Kes 4028:Tito Gobbi 3561:Conductors 3371:. Oxford: 3314:Music 1951 3110:Gramophone 3106:Gramophone 2918:Gramophone 2734:Gramophone 1707:References 1406:Vieuxtemps 1396:, Mozart, 1363:(top r.), 1359:(top l.), 1249:(top l.), 1232:Gramophone 1175:knighthood 776:'s second 759:Bret Harte 725:Arnold Bax 18:Barbirolli 5433:Hans Graf 5012:Emil Paur 4729:Ted Perry 4592:Ensembles 4310:Radu Lupu 4296:Lang Lang 3609:Karl Böhm 3453:500687986 3417:500687986 3350:Orchestra 2778:The Times 2756:The Times 2681:The Times 2677:The Times 2673:The Times 2669:The Times 2665:The Times 2661:The Times 2621:The Times 2533:The Times 2529:The Times 2525:The Times 2521:The Times 2517:The Times 2274:The Times 2225:The Times 2140:The Times 1952:The Times 1948:The Times 1946:"Music", 1863:The Times 1792:The Times 1617:The Times 1335:Chaliapin 1209:in 1952. 1134:Beethoven 999:La bohème 954:The Times 582:When the 511:Pagliacci 471:La bohème 465:Lohengrin 406:Newcastle 295:Carl Rosa 257:Ada Lewis 241:in 1911. 197:Bow Bells 170:Biography 5295:Source: 4491:Yo-Yo Ma 3490:AllMusic 3322:26147349 3010:Archived 2900:Archived 2859:Archived 2840:Archived 2419:Archived 2189:Archived 1462:Falstaff 1418:Respighi 1398:Schumann 1390:Glazunov 1271:Sibelius 1267:Schubert 1155:Falstaff 981:Turandot 934:Howard's 846:Horowitz 706:in 1940 523:Turandot 493:Falstaff 251:, London 213:La Scala 205:Venetian 164:Schubert 160:Sibelius 152:Romantic 93:and the 3894:Singers 3497:at the 3381:3225493 3133:Sources 1559:Dresden 1454:Nielsen 1442:Corelli 1414:Menotti 1410:Debussy 1310:Pre-war 1279:Puccini 1102:Partita 1044:at the 870:mother. 850:Heifetz 784:Britten 721:Berlioz 659:of the 596:Purcell 575:, with 384:Chelsea 291:Beecham 201:Cockney 193:Holborn 122:Puccini 59:cellist 5447:(2022) 5441:(2014) 5435:(2001) 5429:(1988) 5423:(1980) 5417:(1970) 5411:(1967) 5405:(1961) 5399:(1955) 5393:(1954) 5387:(1954) 5381:(1948) 5375:(1936) 5369:(1932) 5363:(1931) 5357:(1916) 5351:(1913) 5134:(2026) 5128:(2018) 5122:(2009) 5116:(2002) 5110:(1991) 5104:(1978) 5098:(1971) 5092:(1969) 5086:(1958) 5080:(1949) 5074:(1949) 5068:(1947) 5062:(1943) 5056:(1936) 5050:(1928) 5044:(1922) 5038:(1911) 5032:(1909) 5026:(1906) 5020:(1902) 5014:(1898) 5008:(1891) 5002:(1878) 4996:(1877) 4990:(1876) 4984:(1855) 4978:(1848) 4972:(1842) 4917:(2018) 4911:(2012) 4905:(2005) 4899:(1997) 4893:(1992) 4887:(1988) 4881:(1984) 4875:(1959) 4869:(1957) 4863:(1952) 4857:(1946) 4851:(1940) 4845:(1937) 4839:(1933) 4833:(1928) 4827:(1926) 4821:(1916) 4815:(1910) 4809:(1900) 4803:(1898) 4797:(1895) 4791:(1893) 3468: 3451: 3432: 3415: 3396: 3379: 3356: 3337: 3320: 3301: 3280: 3261: 3242: 3223: 3204: 3183: 3164: 3149:857354 3147: 1526:Otello 1420:, and 1386:Dvořák 1382:Chopin 1283:Eighth 1259:Mahler 1145:Otello 1009:, and 804:, and 782:, and 774:Walton 753:, and 739:Fourth 735:Brahms 733:) and 608:Franck 604:Mozart 600:Delius 539:, and 396:Gounod 218:Otello 156:Mahler 144:Delius 120:, and 114:Wagner 89:, the 85:, the 1674:1968. 1578:Notes 1544:with 1528:with 1520:with 1508:Sixth 1504:Fifth 1492:with 1481:Grieg 1438:Fifth 1434:Third 1378:Bruch 1304:Ninth 1292:there 1275:Verdi 1251:Verdi 1247:Elgar 1118:1970 867:Fyffe 737:(the 499:Faust 487:Tosca 315:NAAFI 279:Ravel 140:Elgar 118:Gluck 110:Verdi 3466:ISBN 3449:OCLC 3430:ISBN 3413:OCLC 3394:ISBN 3377:OCLC 3354:ISBN 3335:ISBN 3318:OCLC 3299:ISBN 3278:ISBN 3259:ISBN 3240:ISBN 3221:ISBN 3202:ISBN 3181:ISBN 3162:ISBN 3145:OCLC 2811:See 1698:Aida 1536:and 1506:and 1465:and 1404:and 1277:and 1226:and 1126:and 1052:and 1015:Aida 1001:and 985:Aida 918:here 875:it. 816:and 792:and 730:Linz 723:and 651:and 640:Nazi 606:and 438:and 414:and 411:Aida 293:and 158:and 146:and 131:for 3516:at 3488:at 1349:". 1136:'s 969:BBC 909:'s 863:LPO 786:'s 757:'s 692:'s 404:at 398:'s 382:in 344:'s 328:'s 209:née 133:EMI 5465:: 3375:. 2997:^ 2795:, 2785:^ 2603:, 2571:, 2558:^ 2345:^ 2216:^ 2173:^ 1998:, 1987:^ 1975:, 1898:^ 1877:, 1837:^ 1816:, 1773:^ 1743:, 1724:^ 1569:. 1548:, 1532:, 1488:, 1424:. 1412:, 1392:, 1388:, 1384:, 1380:, 1341:, 1273:, 1157:. 1095:, 1091:, 1087:, 1083:, 1079:, 1075:, 997:, 993:, 987:, 983:, 848:, 812:, 800:, 647:, 634:. 622:. 602:, 598:, 533:, 514:, 508:, 502:, 496:, 490:, 484:, 478:, 474:, 468:, 462:, 442:. 434:, 225:. 191:, 142:, 116:, 112:, 81:, 51:né 45:CH 5330:e 5323:t 5316:v 5176:e 5169:t 5162:v 4950:e 4943:t 4936:v 4770:e 4763:t 4756:v 3546:e 3539:t 3532:v 3474:. 3455:. 3438:. 3419:. 3402:. 3383:. 3362:. 3343:. 3324:. 3307:. 3286:. 3267:. 3248:. 3229:. 3210:. 3189:. 3170:. 3151:. 2297:, 525:. 48:( 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index