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Barra Head

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489:) in the south west. Barra Head itself is the southern prominence located mid-way along the south coast. The highest point of the island is Sotan, a Marilyn whose summit lies above high cliffs between Barra Head and Skate Point. This eminence is easily reached from the track that leads from Achduin to the lighthouse that passes just to the north of the summit, which is only 3 m (10 ft) from the cliff edge. The skerry of Bird Rock guards the coast far below. The lighthouse is located near the prominence of Sròn an Duin, just east of Skate Point and above the narrow chasm of Sloc na Bèiste (ravine of the monster). 105: 478: 531: 862: 747: 556:
then declining again to 36 in nine houses by 1891. During the 19th century the permanently resident population (see below) remained stable at about 20 in two or three families. The number fell to 17 by 1901, with the last native islanders leaving about 1910. From this point the three families of the lighthouse keepers were the only residents and the island became uninhabited with the 1980 automation of the light.
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The pier was built in the late 1930s with the approach of war, when a sophisticated radar system was installed to guard the Western Approaches. This involved the landing of hundreds of steel girders and drums containing steel cables used to create three large radar masts, and a robust "Scots Derrick"
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or his steward is in the island, lest seeing their plenty of fish, perhaps they might take occasion to raise their rents." In the 18th century the population was over fifty, with settlement concentrated around the north east coast. The 1841 census recorded a population of 30, rising to 56 in 1881 and
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meaning "Berneray of Barra Head" and "Berneray of the Bishop" respectively. The former refers to Barra Head the southernmost promontory of the island and the latter name is a reference to the "Bishop's Isles" an alternative name for the "Barra Isles", of which archipelago Berneray is a member. "Barra
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There are numerous prehistoric structures on the island and permanent occupation by 20–50 individuals occurred throughout the historic period, peaking in the 19th century. The economy of the residents was based on agriculture, fishing and fowling. The cliffs provide nesting sites for seabirds in such
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purchased the island in 2000 from a local crofters' syndicate called the Barra Head Isles Sheepstock Company who had owned the island since 1955. The NTS were able to acquire it through a bequest by Miss J. M. Fawcitt "to provide an area of natural beauty in memory of her parents and the courage of
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as a "Rock Station" early in the 20th century. Two small boats had been swamped and lost in the enormous swell by the slipway at the landing place. The regulations associated with this change prevented both alongside landings by tenders and the lighthouse men keeping dinghies onshore. The departure
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The rocky north coast has a small landing place at Leac na Fealia to the west and a small jetty at Achduin further east. From there a track leads westward and upward across the slope of the island to the lighthouse. To the west of Achduin the land is relatively flat and low-lying, the area known as
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lighthouses. The 58-foot (18-metre) stone tower stands on the west side of the island, at the top of a very steep cliff, making the light 693 ft (211 m) above sea level, with a range of 18 nmi (33 km). There is no shallow water west of Berneray to break the blow of the Atlantic
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In 1851 several of the island's children were described as "scholars at home" and later some youngsters attended the school on Mingulay. The Barra School Board created a "sub-school" on Berneray but it can never have had even as many as ten children in attendance and it closed in 1887 after a few
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It was the grandest sight I ever experienced, to look out of the lighthouse on a very stormy day, and see oneself hanging, as it were, over the ocean, surrounded on three sides by a fearful chasm in which the air was so thickly crowded with birds as to produce the appearance of a heavy snowstorm,
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Far out into the Atlantic, exposed to its fullest fury, and generally inaccessible, yet has nursed a population before, rather than behind, those of the other Hebrides. Without any advantages or other religious ordinances than are supplied by the annual visit of a priest from Barra, these very
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The seabed to the west is a continuation of the gneiss platform with a depth of between 120 and 140 metres (390 and 460 ft). The sea floor is largely devoid of sand and there is some evidence of scouring by icebergs. This rocky platform extends south of Barra Head by at least 50 km
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During the 19th century agriculture was based on crops of barley, potatoes, oats, turnips and cabbages and livestock including sheep and cattle. Ponies were kept, although their use may have been to transport materials to the lighthouse, and goats were also recorded in 1863. Berneray lacks
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On reaching Berneray we landed and soon after betook ourselves to a hut which we found cleared for our reception. We dined on roasted mutton, wild fowls' eggs, bread, butter and whisky. The goodman of the house came home with a basketful of eggs from the rocks, and some birds he had
381:, has operated since 1833. From 1931 to 1980 Barra Head was inhabited only by the lighthouse keepers and their wives but the lighthouse is now automated and the island completely uninhabited. The rough seas that surround the island have been used to test prototype 414:
Head" alone is an English language alternative to Berneray for the island name. The Inverness-shire Ordnance Survey Name Book, volume 2, of 1876-1878, notes that "The Island of Berneray is sometimes called Barra Head but Berneray is the correct designation."
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was erected to crane them ashore. A small walled cemetery was constructed halfway between the lighthouse and the summit of Sotan for the keepers. This contains the grave of a visiting inspector and those of a number of the keepers' children. A
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have identified eighty-three archaeological sites on the island, the majority being of a pre-medieval date. There are four chambered tombs, five cists and five other sites assumed to be burial cairns, suggesting a significant settlement in the
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locals only a few had "some very lame sentences in English". She wrote approvingly that her hosts were "well-dressed, cleanly and healthy looking" and of the "delicious cream, in large clean, wooden bowls." Duncan Sinclair, the only
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the light was first exhibited on 15 October 1833. The oil-burning light was converted to incandescent in 1906 and the lighthouse was converted to automatic operation on 23 October 1980, when the last keepers were withdrawn.
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There is also the presumed site of a chapel near MacLean's Point (just east of the landing place) where an incised cross, tentatively dated to between the sixth and ninth centuries was found. Archaeological evidence of the
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whilst the cries of these myriads, mingled with the roar of the ocean and the howling of the tremendous gusts of wind coming up from below as if forced through a blast pipe, made it almost impossible to hear a person speak.
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families meant an end to regular links by sea and the regular mist and fog rendered signalling unreliable. A system of wireless communications with Castlebay on Barra was therefore proposed and installed by 1925.
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or the "Barra Giant". He was measured at 2.03 m (6 ft 8 in) tall aged seventeen in 1866. He joined a travelling show, but disliked the publicity and returned to the islands to run a dairy in
894:. The boat used was a Halmatic Atlantic 21 MKIII modified for long-range operations and with full offshore capability. The project involved multi-organisation co-operation and included Halmatic themselves, 550:
Referring to his own time, Martin suggested that life on "Bernera" was not unduly difficult. "It excels other islands of the same extent for cultivation and fishing. The natives never go a fishing while
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described the latter as "having a vacuity round the walls, divided in little apartments". A century later Edward MacQueen wrote that he believed it had served "as a pharos or watch tower".
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and then "Berneray" as an anglicisation. However, as is often the case with Hebridean island names, there are a number of additional complications. There are two fuller Gaelic names –
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on the island purchased a Bible and there was much bartering and bargaining with the islanders paying for their purchases in dried fish. Bird concluded that the island was:
358:. Originally, Barra Head only referred to the southernmost headland of Berneray but is now a common name for the entire island. The highest point of the island is Sotan, a 1569:
Buxton (1995) p. 146. Buxton places this phrase in quotations and the description presumably refers to the census of 1851, although this is not explicit in the text.
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her late brother, Bernard". In 2009 the NTS removed all the sheep from the island, citing the difficulties of maintaining the flock in such a remote location.
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in action in the Sound of Berneray 20 km (12 mi) south west of Barra in a 3.5-metre (11 ft) swell and a 30 km/h (16 kn) wind.
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Population (b) also includes lighthouse keepers and, given that many of the censuses were taken in April, temporarily resident fishermen.
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action the sea channel to the east is significantly deeper than the open ocean to the west, reaching up to 365 m (1,198 ft).
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recorded the movement of a 42-long-ton (43-tonne) block of gneiss across 5 feet (1.5 m) of ground during a violent storm.
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Statistical Bulletin: 2011 Census: First Results on Population and Household Estimates for Scotland Release 1C (Part Two)
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form an important breeding site for around a hundred thousand pairs of seabirds, and are especially important for the
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is scant, but boat shaped stone settings found not far from the chapel may be graves from this period of occupation.
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was largely destroyed during the construction of the lighthouse. Visiting in the late 17th century the writer
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across the Sound of Berneray, which has a strong tidal stream. The wedge-shaped island is 3 kilometres (
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Buxton (1995) pp. 142–43, according to whom the fowling exploit was recorded by Elwes (1869) pp. 20–37.
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The south coast is dominated by high cliffs, which rise to 190 m (620 ft) at Skate Point (
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interesting people thirst for education, and would make considerable sacrifices to obtain it.
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Munro (1979) p. 191 states that one of these accidents occurred "in the storms of 1877–8".
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Due to the dangerous landing conditions, Barra Head lighthouse was re-classified by the
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receiving an "outrageous welcome" from the islanders, despite the fact that amongst the
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into a prototype safety boat for Barra Head also assisted the RNLI in developing the
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Smith (2004) states that the lighthouse keepers were the only residents "from 1931".
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storms and small fish are sometimes thrown onto the grass on the cliff top. In 1836
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Buxton (1995) p. 139 quoting MacQueen, Edward (1794) "Parish of Barray" in the
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Infobox reference is Haswell-Smith (2004) pp. 207–209 unless otherwise stated.
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Population (a) includes permanent residents only and was not recorded in 1901.
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Ross, John (5 June 2009) "No use bleating, we're clearing out". Edinburgh.
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Visiting in 1818, William MacGillivray, professor of Natural History at
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are regularly seen by the landing cove. The island is designated as an
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Berneray was inhabited from prehistoric times until the 20th century;
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Haswell-Smith (2004) pp. 502–03. Modified to include bridged islands.
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The island (along with neighbouring Mingulay) has been designated an
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This article is about the Scottish island. For the Danish band, see
2040: 2035: 2023: 1076: 1029: 746: 544: 540: 520: 427: 348: 261: 1941:. Appin Regiment/Appin Historical Society. Retrieved 3 March 2007. 2082: 2058: 1431:(pdf) Surrey. Institute of Oceanographic Sciences. Report No. 95. 1152: 1108: 1107:. The island is largely covered by maritime grassland, with some 467: 459: 1904:
Elwes, H. J. (1869) "The bird stations of the Outer Hebrides".
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The island's best known former resident is Peter Sinclair, aka
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because it supports breeding populations of several species of
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in the summer and spend the winters at his home on Berneray.
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Murray (1966) p. 232 who assumes the fulmars migrated from
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stamps. The first class stamp shows the 17-metre (56-foot)
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Barra Head Lighthouse identifies the southern entrance to
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The derivation of the modern name is straightforward, the
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Elwes (1869) pp. 20–37, quoted in Buxton (1995) p. 138.
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Southernmost island of the Outer Hebrides in Scotland
886:In the early 1970s a research project sponsored by 351:. Within the Outer Hebrides, it forms part of the 1135:and (with Mingulay) is a Special Protection Area. 741: 366:profusion that Berneray has been designated as a 2132: 1991: 1938:A Description of The Western Islands of Scotland 1657:safetybarrahead.com. Retrieved 30 December 2008. 1229:"Map of Scotland in Scots – Guide and gazetteer" 559: 481:The lighthouse atop the cliffs of Sloc na Bèiste 1746:. news.hmmm-uk.com. Retrieved 26 December 2008. 1401: 77: 1737:"Royal Mail Stamps 'Mayday – Rescue at Sea' " 1429:"Seabed Conditions West of the Outer Hebrides" 534:From Rubha Cuabhaig looking towards Sgeir Mhòr 1977: 1911: 874:bomber crashed into the cliffs nearby during 1427:Kenyon, Neil H. and Pelton, Colin D. (1979) 62: 2161:Important Bird Areas of the Outer Hebrides 1984: 1970: 124:Barra Head shown within the Outer Hebrides 2166:Uninhabited islands of the Outer Hebrides 1547: 1545: 1543: 1541: 1539: 1457: 1455: 1405:Inverness-shire Ordnance Survey Name Book 750:The jetty at Achduin with Mingulay beyond 19:For other places with the same name, see 1648:"The Most Dangerous Landing in Scotland" 1379: 1377: 1375: 1373: 1371: 1369: 1367: 1204: 1202: 1200: 1162: 860: 745: 529: 476: 417: 309: 1800: 1798: 1308:islands over 20 ha in extent and 1295: 397:name meaning "Bjorn's island" becoming 2146:National Trust for Scotland properties 2133: 1754: 1752: 1643: 1641: 1639: 1637: 1588: 1586: 1584: 1536: 1452: 1138: 1965: 1364: 1319: 1301:Area and population ranks: there are 1197: 343:), is the southernmost island of the 2156:Special Protection Areas in Scotland 1795: 1604:from the original on 13 January 2008 1277: 1275: 1273: 1271: 1158: 902:Amphibious Trials and Testing Unit. 492:Visiting in 1868 H. J. Elwes wrote: 2176:Former populated places in Scotland 1958:London. Eyre Methuen. SBN 413303802 1845: 1749: 1634: 1581: 1461:Martin (1703) "The Isle Benbecula". 13: 1892:Mingulay: An Island and Its People 1127:and celandine grow abundantly and 924: 111: 14: 2197: 1383:Haswell-Smith (2004) pp. 207–209. 1268: 1170:, the "Barra Giant", outside the 422:Berneray lies to the west of the 1956:The Islands of Western Scotland. 1310:93 permanently inhabited islands 293: 110: 103: 2186:Landforms of the Outer Hebrides 1871: 1828: 1782: 1760:"Mingulay, Berneray And Pabbay" 1730: 1718: 1696: 1687: 1678: 1669: 1660: 1625: 1616: 1572: 1563: 1554: 1527: 1518: 1509: 1500: 1491: 1482: 1473:Statistical Account of Scotland 1464: 1443: 1434: 1421: 1412: 1395: 1386: 742:Traditional economy and culture 294: 234:Sotan, 193 m (633 ft) 1912:Haswell-Smith, Hamish (2004). 1859:. BirdLife International. 2024 1355: 1256: 1247: 1238: 1221: 820:, roughly halfway between the 89:Old Norse for "Bjørn's island" 1: 1884: 1715:. Retrieved 30 December 2008. 1302: 1208:Mac an Tàilleir, Iain (2003) 805: 560:Overview of population trends 444:miles) long and 1.3 km ( 1327:National Records of Scotland 1218:. Retrieved 26 August 2012. 913:was featured on a series of 881: 840:and built by James Smith of 407:Beàrnaraigh Cheann Bharraigh 388: 7: 1806:"Mingulay and Berneray SPA" 1693:Buxton (1995) pp. 147, 149. 1408:. Vol. 2. p. 137. 1069:National Trust for Scotland 779:arrived in 1863 aboard the 10: 2202: 892:Atlantic 21 class lifeboat 809: 501: 25: 18: 2073: 2004: 1877:Buxton (1995) pp. 141–42. 1675:Munro (1979) p. 213, 223. 1598:Northern Lighthouse Board 1551:Buxton (1995) pp. 143–44. 1488:Buxton (1995) pp. 140–41. 1049: 1035: 1017: 1012: 973: 961: 951: 941: 936: 931: 301: 292: 284: 277: 267: 255: 243: 238: 230: 222: 204: 190: 185: 146: 132: 98: 93: 85: 70: 55: 40: 21:Berneray (disambiguation) 1918:. Edinburgh: Canongate. 1402:Ordnance Survey (1878). 1190: 957:193 m (633 ft) 947:193 m (633 ft) 1853:"Mingulay and Berneray" 1594:"Barra Head Lighthouse" 1211:Ainmean-àite/Placenames 368:Special Protection Area 340: 78: 63: 1894:. Edinburgh. Birlinn. 1703:"An Atlantic for Barra 1175: 1149:BirdLife International 866: 799: 773: 751: 535: 499: 482: 411:Beàrnaraigh an Easbaig 330: 315: 48: 2181:Headlands of Scotland 2030:Flodday near Vatersay 1684:Buxton (1995) p. 147. 1622:Murray (1966) p. 232. 1578:Buxton (1995) p. 146. 1560:Buxton (1995) p. 144. 1533:Buxton (1995) p. 143. 1515:Buxton (1995) p. 184. 1506:Buxton (1995) p. 141. 1418:Buxton (1995) p. 138. 1392:Murray (1996) p. 221. 1343:(Report). SG/2013/126 1244:Buxton (1995) p. 140. 1166: 919:Severn class lifeboat 865:The keepers' cemetery 864: 812:Barra Head Lighthouse 794: 768: 749: 533: 494: 480: 466:(30 mi). Due to 418:Geography and geology 375:Barra Head Lighthouse 313: 2151:Marilyns of Scotland 2117:56.78333°N 7.64472°W 1948:. London. Heinemann. 1944:Murray, W.H. (1966) 1915:The Scottish Islands 1742:30 July 2009 at the 1708:15 July 2011 at the 1653:15 July 2011 at the 1440:Murray (1973) p. 58. 997:56.78333°N 7.64472°W 831:Sir Archibald Geikie 802:years of operation. 2113: /  1890:Buxton, Ben (1995) 1631:Munro (1979) p. 89. 1312:were listed in the 1216:Pàrlamaid na h-Alba 1145:Important Bird Area 1139:Important Bird Area 993: /  853:of the last of the 764:Aberdeen University 424:Sea of the Hebrides 166: /  37: 2122:56.78333; -7.64472 1857:BirdLife Data Zone 1816:on 23 October 2008 1770:on 23 October 2007 1329:(15 August 2013). 1176: 1002:56.78333; -7.64472 937:Highest point 905:In 2008 the Barra 867: 775:The travel writer 752: 536: 483: 316: 186:Physical geography 35: 2096: 2095: 1925:978-1-84195-454-7 1713:Rib International 1159:Notable residents 1103:and (since 1899) 1065: 1064: 727: 726: 643: 642: 508:Historic Scotland 308: 307: 231:Highest elevation 218: sq mi) 134:OS grid reference 28:Barra Head (band) 2193: 2128: 2127: 2125: 2124: 2123: 2118: 2114: 2111: 2110: 2109: 2106: 1986: 1979: 1972: 1963: 1962: 1929: 1878: 1875: 1869: 1868: 1866: 1864: 1849: 1843: 1832: 1826: 1825: 1823: 1821: 1812:. 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(pdf) 1153:seabirds 1117:Primrose 1077:Mingulay 1051:Topo map 1043:NL553799 1030:Scotland 1018:Location 898:and the 872:Blenheim 855:crofting 781:Shamrock 545:Hebrides 521:Iron Age 462:quarry. 428:Mingulay 349:Scotland 323:Berneray 262:Scotland 140:NL553799 94:Location 2083:Arnamul 2059:Sandray 1954:(1973) 1935:(1703) 1287:(Map). 1121:violets 1109:machair 1105:fulmars 1093:puffins 1037:OS grid 968:Marilyn 963:Listing 771:caught. 766:wrote: 730:Notes: 553:Macneil 502:History 468:glacial 460:granite 449:⁄ 439:⁄ 360:Marilyn 257:Country 213:⁄ 158:56°48′N 2075:Stacks 2053:Pabbay 1922:  1898:  456:gneiss 403:Gaelic 161:7°39′W 2012:Barra 1341:(PDF) 1334:(PDF) 1232:(PDF) 1191:Notes 1113:heath 1101:shags 1085:gulls 932:Sotan 717:1911 706:1901 695:1891 684:1881 673:1871 633:1861 622:1851 611:1841 601:1794 591:1764 541:Norse 409:and 337:Scots 199:Barra 57:Scots 1920:ISBN 1896:ISBN 1865:2024 1822:2008 1810:JNCC 1776:2006 1610:2008 1477:XIII 1349:2020 1133:SSSI 1111:and 1067:The 907:RNLI 850:RNLI 824:and 757:peat 652:Year 570:Year 515:and 373:The 205:Area 197:and 195:Uist 74:name 59:name 44:name 1838:or 1764:NTS 1174:Inn 712:17 701:36 698:17 690:56 687:21 679:38 676:20 639:33 636:20 628:44 625:28 617:30 614:21 594:20 401:in 347:in 2137:: 1855:. 1808:. 1797:^ 1762:. 1751:^ 1636:^ 1600:. 1596:. 1583:^ 1538:^ 1454:^ 1366:^ 1336:. 1303:c. 1270:^ 1199:^ 1155:. 1123:, 1119:, 1115:. 1099:, 1095:, 1091:, 1087:, 1061:31 1056:OS 1028:, 1024:, 888:BP 723:5 720:0 709:– 385:. 370:. 362:. 339:: 335:; 329:: 1999:) 1995:( 1985:e 1978:t 1971:v 1928:. 1908:. 1867:. 1842:. 1824:. 1792:. 1778:. 1612:. 1351:. 1316:. 1291:. 1234:. 451:4 447:3 441:4 437:3 434:+ 432:1 325:( 288:0 215:4 211:3 30:. 23:.

Index

Berneray (disambiguation)
Barra Head (band)
Scottish Gaelic
Scots
Old Norse
Barra Head is located in Outer Hebrides
OS grid reference
NL553799
Coordinates
56°48′N 7°39′W / 56.8°N 7.65°W / 56.8; -7.65
Uist
Barra
Council area
Outer Hebrides
Country
Scotland
United Kingdom
Demographics

Scottish Gaelic
Scots
Outer Hebrides
Scotland
Barra Isles
archipelago
Marilyn
Special Protection Area
Barra Head Lighthouse
Robert Stevenson
lifeboats

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