2015:
2004:
1064:
Agnini, Claudia; Backman, Jan; Boscolo-Galazzo, Flavia; Condon, Daniel; Fornaciari, Eliana; Galeotti, Simone; Giusberti, Luca; Grandesso, Paolo; Lanci, Luca; Luciani, Valeria; Monechi, Simonetta; Muttoni, Giovanni; Pälike, Heiko; Pampaloni, Maria; Papazzoni, Cesare; Pearson, Paul; Pignatti, Johannes;
756:
713:
1384:
1065:
Silva, Isabella; Raffi, Isabella; Rio, Domenico; Rook, Lorenzo; Sahy, Diana; Spofforth, David; Stefani, Cristina; Wade, Bridget (12 August 2020).
1213:
1252:
1377:
1224:
1067:"Proposal for the Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the Priabonian Stage (Eocene) at the Alano section (Italy)"
567:
829:
652:
585:
1012:
Zachos, J. C.; Kump, L. R. (2005). "Carbon cycle feedbacks and the initiation of
Antarctic glaciation in the earliest Oligocene".
916:
and stage was made in the second part of the 20th century, when stratigraphers saw the need to distinguish between litho- and
2048:
1370:
527:
969:
17:
1146:
783:
1245:
976:
954:
2043:
1218:
1393:
641:
1183:
1238:
938:
The top of the
Bartonian Stage (the base of the Priabonian) is at the first appearance of calcareous
2053:
1666:
1661:
1047:
958:
980:
852:
613:
1107:
1021:
913:
837:
686:
8:
1997:
833:
1025:
2038:
1119:
990:
regional stage of France is coeval with the
Bartonian and is therefore no longer used.
917:
488:
1795:
1759:
1083:
1066:
897:
609:
1033:
1889:
1764:
1733:
1530:
1088:
1078:
1029:
889:
772:
721:
1227:, at the website of Norges Network of offshore records of geology and stratigraphy
1989:
1985:
1981:
1858:
1754:
1692:
1587:
1556:
1525:
901:
848:
304:
39:
2014:
2008:
1827:
1697:
1592:
1561:
939:
924:
1362:
1221:, at the website of the subcommission for stratigraphic information of the ICS
2032:
1728:
1718:
1687:
1650:
1582:
1551:
905:
841:
798:
785:
768:
676:
397:
70:
2019:
1950:
1800:
1723:
893:
752:
1945:
1814:
1790:
1635:
1430:
973:
885:
45:
1093:
1940:
1900:
1843:
1743:
1640:
1514:
1414:
1330:
966:
923:
The base of the
Bartonian is at the first appearance of the calcareous
909:
873:
863:
717:
462:
260:
90:
55:
2003:
857:
1955:
1905:
1879:
1838:
1785:
1630:
1606:
1487:
1477:
1466:
1304:
1299:
1284:
1274:
1261:
987:
737:
547:
426:
416:
362:
316:
270:
95:
1915:
1910:
1874:
1774:
1707:
1676:
1571:
1540:
1501:
1451:
1425:
1401:
1346:
1341:
1320:
1315:
1230:
869:
606:
480:
471:
444:
435:
236:
223:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
1063:
1929:
1869:
1619:
1456:
1440:
947:
776:
386:
296:
100:
75:
904:, which in turn derived its name from the local coastal village
1965:
1848:
1482:
1294:
1279:
962:
845:
733:
407:
343:
935:) for the base of the Bartonian had not yet been established.
741:
932:
953:
The
Bartonian Stage overlaps part of the upper Robiacian
1011:
1198:
Tableau synchronique des formations tertiaires d'Europe
123:
2030:
1392:
912:) in southern England. The distinction between
584:Subdivision of the Paleogene according to the
1378:
1246:
1108:International Commission on Stratigraphy 2017
16:Not to be confused with the Bortonian of the
1172:Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G.
1053:. International Commission on Stratigraphy.
879:
855:. The Bartonian Age spans the time between
1385:
1371:
1253:
1239:
931:. In 2009, an official reference profile (
591:Vertical axis scale: millions of years ago
1092:
1082:
1048:"International Chronostratigraphic Chart"
1005:
830:International Commission on Stratigraphy
729:Lower boundary GSSP candidate section(s)
2031:
946:(which forms the base of nanoplankton
884:The Bartonian Stage was introduced by
581:
1366:
1234:
979:and is coeval with the Sharamururian
751:LAD of the large acarininids and the
1260:
1225:Stratigraphic chart of the Paleogene
709:Lower boundary definition candidates
556:
535:
517:
1984:= kiloannum (thousands years ago);
1149:. p. The Paleobiology Database
892:in 1857. The name derives from the
13:
1988:= megaannum (millions years ago);
14:
2065:
1992:= gigaannum (billions years ago).
1207:
1144:
1138:
2013:
2002:
43:
1034:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.01.001
970:North American Land Mammal Ages
18:New Zealand geologic time scale
1112:
1101:
1057:
1040:
977:South American Land Mammal Age
955:European Land Mammal Mega Zone
516:
1:
1431:Pleistocene (11.7 ka–2.58 Ma)
1165:
993:
23:Third Age of the Eocene Epoch
1214:GeoWhen Database – Bartonian
1084:10.18814/epiiugs/2020/020074
998:
900:unit from the south English
712:Calcareous nannofossil near
7:
2049:Bartonian first appearances
1394:Geological history of Earth
1014:Global and Planetary Change
929:Reticulofenestra reticulata
722:Reticulofenestra reticulata
582:
218:
10:
2070:
1667:Mississippian (323–359 Ma)
1662:Pennsylvanian (299–323 Ma)
1426:Holocene (present–11.7 ka)
1184:Cambridge University Press
1180:A Geologic Time Scale 2004
732:Contessa highway section,
15:
1979:
1964:
1951:Paleoarchean (3.2–3.6 Ga)
1928:
1888:
1857:
1826:
1813:
1801:Terreneuvian (521–539 Ma)
1773:
1742:
1706:
1675:
1649:
1618:
1605:
1570:
1539:
1513:
1500:
1465:
1439:
1413:
1400:
1268:
1124:British Geological Survey
944:Chiasmolithus oamaruensis
814:
763:
757:Morozovelloides crassatus
748:Upper boundary definition
747:
728:
708:
701:Lower boundary definition
700:
692:
682:
672:
667:
659:
647:
637:
632:
624:
619:
602:
121:
116:
35:
30:
1946:Mesoarchean (2.8–3.2 Ga)
1791:Miaolingian (497–509 Ma)
1636:Guadalupian (260–272 Ma)
1488:Paleocene (56.0–66.0 Ma)
1478:Oligocene (23.0–33.9 Ma)
1147:"Mammal Paleogene zones"
880:Stratigraphic definition
868:. It is preceded by the
126:
1941:Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga)
1906:Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga)
1901:Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga)
1844:Cryogenian (635–720 Ma)
1734:Llandovery (433–444 Ma)
1641:Cisuralian (272–299 Ma)
1452:Pliocene (2.59–5.33 Ma)
872:and is followed by the
1911:Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga)
1880:Calymmian (1.4–1.6 Ga)
1839:Ediacaran (539–635 Ma)
1786:Furongian (485–497 Ma)
1631:Lopingian (252–260 Ma)
1457:Miocene (5.33–23.0 Ma)
209:−25 —
199:−30 —
189:−35 —
179:−40 —
169:−45 —
159:−50 —
149:−55 —
139:−60 —
129:−65 —
1916:Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga)
1875:Ectasian (1.2–1.4 Ga)
1796:Series 2 (509–521 Ma)
1483:Eocene (33.9–56.0 Ma)
981:Asian Land Mammal Age
959:Mammal Paleogene zone
844:in the middle of the
2044:Eocene geochronology
1956:Eoarchean (3.6–4 Ga)
1849:Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga)
1729:Wenlock (427–433 Ma)
1719:Pridoli (419–423 Ma)
704:Not formally defined
548:permanent ice-sheets
2011: •
2000: •
1998:Geologic time scale
1760:Middle (458–470 Ma)
1724:Ludlow (423–427 Ma)
1693:Middle (383–393 Ma)
1588:Middle (237–247 Ma)
1557:Middle (164–174 Ma)
1219:Paleogene timescale
1200:, 3rd ed., Zürich.
1026:2005GPC....47...51Z
834:geologic time scale
815:Upper GSSP ratified
799:45.9141°N 11.9180°E
795: /
764:Upper boundary GSSP
693:Time span formality
2009:Geology portal
1870:Stenian (1–1.2 Ga)
1765:Early (470–485 Ma)
1698:Early (393–419 Ma)
1593:Early (247–252 Ma)
1562:Early (174–201 Ma)
1531:Early (100–145 Ma)
1526:Late (66.0–100 Ma)
918:chronostratigraphy
898:lithostratigraphic
683:Stratigraphic unit
673:Chronological unit
660:Time scale(s) used
2026:
2025:
1924:
1923:
1890:Paleoproterozoic
1809:
1808:
1755:Late (444–458 Ma)
1688:Late (359–383 Ma)
1601:
1600:
1583:Late (201–237 Ma)
1552:Late (145–164 Ma)
1496:
1495:
1417:(present–2.58 Ma)
1405:(present–66.0 Ma)
1360:
1359:
1355:
1354:
822:
821:
738:Central Apennines
633:Usage information
597:
596:
577:
576:
555:
554:
534:
533:
2061:
2020:World portal
2018:
2017:
2007:
2006:
1969:
1933:
1893:
1862:
1859:Mesoproterozoic
1831:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1778:
1747:
1711:
1680:
1654:
1623:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1575:
1544:
1518:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1470:
1444:
1418:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1387:
1380:
1373:
1364:
1363:
1271:
1270:
1262:Paleogene Period
1255:
1248:
1241:
1232:
1231:
1203:
1191:
1173:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1116:
1110:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1086:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1009:
890:Karl Mayer-Eymar
867:
861:
810:
809:
807:
806:
805:
804:45.9141; 11.9180
800:
796:
793:
792:
791:
788:
773:Venetian Prealps
603:Formerly part of
572:
562:
557:
550:
546:First Antarctic
541:
536:
523:
518:
491:
483:
474:
465:
456:
447:
438:
429:
420:
410:
400:
391:
381:
356:
337:
309:
290:
254:
229:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
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185:
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175:
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165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
124:
112:
42:
28:
27:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2054:Geological ages
2029:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2012:
2001:
1993:
1975:
1967:
1960:
1931:
1920:
1891:
1884:
1860:
1853:
1829:
1828:Neoproterozoic
1818:(539 Ma–2.5 Ga)
1817:
1816:
1815:Proterozoic Eon
1805:
1776:
1769:
1745:
1738:
1709:
1702:
1678:
1671:
1652:
1645:
1621:
1609:
1608:
1597:
1573:
1566:
1542:
1535:
1516:
1504:
1503:
1492:
1468:
1461:
1442:
1435:
1416:
1404:
1403:
1396:
1391:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1335:
1309:
1285:Oligocene Epoch
1275:Paleocene Epoch
1264:
1259:
1210:
1201:
1190:Mayer-Eymar, K.
1189:
1171:
1168:
1163:
1162:
1152:
1150:
1143:
1139:
1129:
1127:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1106:
1102:
1062:
1058:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1010:
1006:
1001:
996:
961:16), the upper
902:Hampshire Basin
882:
862:
856:
803:
801:
797:
794:
789:
786:
784:
782:
781:
780:
767:Alano section,
598:
593:
592:
590:
573:
569:
566:
560:
551:
545:
539:
530:
521:
514:
513:
509:
508:
504:
503:
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498:
494:
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466:
461:
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457:
452:
449:
448:
443:
440:
439:
434:
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402:
398:
394:
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389:
387:
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378:
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372:
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312:
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109:
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103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
38:41.2 – 37.71
37:
36:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
2067:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2024:
2023:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1937:
1935:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1897:
1895:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1866:
1864:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1835:
1833:
1821:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1782:
1780:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1751:
1749:
1740:
1739:
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1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1715:
1713:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1684:
1682:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1658:
1656:
1651:Carboniferous
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1627:
1625:
1613:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1585:
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1528:
1522:
1520:
1508:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1474:
1472:
1469:(23.0–66.0 Ma)
1463:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1448:
1446:
1443:(2.58–23.0 Ma)
1437:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1422:
1420:
1408:
1398:
1397:
1390:
1389:
1382:
1375:
1367:
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1357:
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1328:
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1302:
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1258:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1209:
1208:External links
1206:
1205:
1204:
1187:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1137:
1120:"Barton Group"
1111:
1100:
1077:(2): 151–173.
1056:
1039:
1003:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
972:, part of the
957:(it spans the
888:stratigrapher
881:
878:
820:
819:
816:
812:
811:
765:
761:
760:
749:
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706:
705:
702:
698:
697:
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689:
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680:
679:
674:
670:
669:
665:
664:
663:ICS Time Scale
661:
657:
656:
649:
648:Regional usage
645:
644:
639:
638:Celestial body
635:
634:
630:
629:
626:
625:Name formality
622:
621:
617:
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594:
579:
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257:
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99:
94:
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69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
33:
32:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2066:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2021:
2016:
2010:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1972:
1970:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1927:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1856:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:(539 Ma–1 Ga)
1825:
1822:
1820:
1812:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1772:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1741:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1705:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1607:Paleozoic Era
1604:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1569:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:(66.0–145 Ma)
1512:
1509:
1507:
1505:(66.0–252 Ma)
1499:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1438:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1421:
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1412:
1409:
1407:
1399:
1395:
1388:
1383:
1381:
1376:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
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1311:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
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1292:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1263:
1256:
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1244:
1242:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1199:
1195:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1170:
1169:
1148:
1145:Alroy, John.
1141:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1109:
1104:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1060:
1049:
1043:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1008:
1004:
991:
989:
984:
982:
978:
975:
971:
968:
964:
960:
956:
951:
949:
945:
941:
936:
934:
930:
926:
921:
919:
915:
911:
907:
906:Barton-on-Sea
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
877:
875:
871:
865:
859:
854:
850:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
818:February 2020
817:
813:
808:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
759:
758:
754:
753:Foraminiferan
750:
746:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
724:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
688:
685:
681:
678:
675:
671:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
643:
640:
636:
631:
627:
623:
618:
615:
611:
608:
605:
601:
589:
588:, as of 2021.
587:
580:
571:
564:
559:
558:
549:
543:
538:
537:
529:
525:
520:
519:
492:
482:
473:
464:
455:
446:
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428:
418:
409:
401:
392:
380:
355:
334:
310:
299:
298:
289:
288:
263:
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253:
252:
228:
227:
125:
120:
115:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
41:
34:
29:
26:
19:
1994:
1930:Archean Eon
1892:(1.6–2.5 Ga)
1777:(485–539 Ma)
1746:(444–485 Ma)
1710:(419–444 Ma)
1679:(359–419 Ma)
1653:(299–359 Ma)
1622:(252–299 Ma)
1610:(252–539 Ma)
1574:(201–252 Ma)
1543:(145–201 Ma)
1502:Mesozoic Era
1402:Cenozoic Era
1325:
1280:Eocene Epoch
1197:
1193:
1179:
1175:
1151:. Retrieved
1140:
1128:. Retrieved
1123:
1114:
1103:
1094:2158/1209925
1074:
1070:
1059:
1042:
1020:(1): 51–66.
1017:
1013:
1007:
985:
952:
943:
940:nanoplankton
937:
928:
925:nanoplankton
922:
894:Barton Group
883:
825:
823:
755:
720:
583:
453:
295:
269:
259:
235:
222:
25:
1966:Hadean Eon
1744:Ordovician
1515:Cretaceous
1415:Quaternary
1202:(in French)
1130:23 November
974:Divisaderan
828:is, in the
802: /
769:Piave river
399:Maastricht.
2033:Categories
1968:(4–4.6 Ga)
1932:(2.5–4 Ga)
1861:(1–1.6 Ga)
1467:Paleogene
1331:Priabonian
1166:Literature
994:References
967:Duchesnean
910:New Milton
874:Priabonian
790:11°55′05″E
787:45°54′51″N
718:Haptophyte
668:Definition
570:extinction
490:Aquitanian
463:Priabonian
117:Chronology
2039:Bartonian
1995:See also:
1775:Cambrian
1708:Silurian
1677:Devonian
1572:Triassic
1541:Jurassic
1326:Bartonian
1305:Thanetian
1300:Selandian
999:Footnotes
988:Auversian
908:(part of
832:'s (ICS)
826:Bartonian
620:Etymology
568:K-Pg mass
454:Bartonian
427:Thanetian
417:Selandian
31:Bartonian
1620:Permian
1441:Neogene
1347:Chattian
1342:Rupelian
1321:Lutetian
1316:Ypresian
1071:Episodes
942:species
927:species
870:Lutetian
651:Global (
607:Tertiary
481:Chattian
472:Rupelian
445:Lutetian
436:Ypresian
1153:15 July
1022:Bibcode
950:NP18).
948:biozone
779:, Italy
777:Belluno
716:of the
561:←
540:←
522:←
214:–
204:–
194:–
184:–
174:–
164:–
154:–
144:–
134:–
107:↓
1974:
1295:Danian
1126:. UKRI
963:Uintan
853:Series
846:Eocene
734:Gubbio
696:Formal
628:Formal
614:System
610:Period
512:
507:
502:
497:
408:Danian
1051:(PDF)
914:group
886:Swiss
876:Age.
864:37.71
849:Epoch
838:stage
742:Italy
687:Stage
642:Earth
1194:1857
1176:2004
1155:2009
1132:2023
986:The
965:and
933:GSSP
896:, a
858:41.2
836:, a
824:The
528:PETM
46:PreꞒ
1089:hdl
1079:doi
1030:doi
983:.
860:and
851:or
842:age
840:or
714:LAD
677:Age
653:ICS
586:ICS
2035::
1990:Ga
1986:Ma
1982:ka
1196::
1192:;
1182:,
1178::
1174:;
1122:.
1087:.
1075:44
1073:.
1069:.
1028:.
1018:47
1016:.
920:.
866:Ma
775:,
771:,
740:,
736:,
96:Pg
40:Ma
1386:e
1379:t
1372:v
1254:e
1247:t
1240:v
1186:.
1157:.
1134:.
1097:.
1091::
1081::
1036:.
1032::
1024::
655:)
612:/
390:C
388:M
379:e
377:n
375:e
373:c
371:o
369:g
367:i
365:l
363:O
354:e
352:n
350:e
348:c
346:o
344:E
333:e
331:n
329:e
327:c
325:o
323:e
321:l
319:a
317:P
308:K
306:L
297:N
287:e
285:n
283:e
281:g
279:o
277:e
275:l
273:a
271:P
261:K
251:c
249:i
247:o
245:z
243:o
241:n
239:e
237:C
226:Z
224:M
101:N
91:K
86:J
81:T
76:P
71:C
66:D
61:S
56:O
51:Ꞓ
20:.
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