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426:, facing Ball's Bluff, to send a patrol across the river at that point to gather what information it could about enemy deployments. Devens sent Captain Chase Philbrick and approximately 20 men to carry out Stone's order. Advancing in the dark nearly a mile inland from the bluff, the inexperienced Philbrick mistook a row of trees for the tents of a Confederate camp and, without verifying what he saw, returned and reported the existence of a camp. Stone immediately ordered Devens to cross some 300 men and, as soon as it was light enough to see, attack the camp and, per his orders, "return to your present position."
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instructions. On hearing the messenger's report, Stone sent him back to tell Devens that the remainder of the 15th
Massachusetts (another 350 men) would cross the river and move to his position. When they arrived, Devens was to turn his raiding party back into a reconnaissance and move toward Leesburg.
497:
Col. Baker was killed at about 4:30 p.m. and remains the only United States
Senator ever killed in battle. Following an abortive attempt to break out of their constricted position around the bluff, the Federals began to recross the river in some disarray. Shortly before dark, a fresh Confederate
429:
This was the genesis of the Battle of Ball's Bluff. Contrary to the long-held traditional interpretation, it did not come from a plan by either McClellan or Stone to take
Leesburg. The initial crossing of troops was a small reconnaissance. That was followed by what was intended to be a raiding party.
510:
in the days following the battle. A total of 223 Federals were killed, 226 were wounded, and 553 were captured on the banks of the
Potomac later that night. The official records incorrectly state that only 49 Federals were killed at this battle, an error probably resulting from a mistaken reading of
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to conduct what he called "a slight demonstration" in order to see how the
Confederates might react. Stone moved troops to the river at Edwards Ferry, positioned other forces along the river, had his artillery fire into suspected Confederate positions, and briefly crossed about a hundred men of the
501:
Many of the Union soldiers were driven down the steep slope at the southern end of Ball's Bluff (behind the current location of the national cemetery) and into the river. Boats attempting to cross back to
Harrison Island were soon swamped and capsized. Many Federals, included some of the wounded,
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showed up at Stone's camp to find out about the morning's events. He had not been involved in any of the activities to that point. Stone told him of the mistake about the camp and about his new orders to reinforce Devens for reconnaissance purposes. He then instructed Baker to go to the crossing
539:
This Union defeat was relatively minor in comparison to the battles to come in the war, but it had an enormously wide impact in and out of military affairs. In addition to losing 223 soldiers, the Union lost a sitting senator, which led to severe political ramifications in
Washington. Stone was
490:. Baker immediately ordered as many troops as he could find to cross the river, but he did so without determining what boats were available to do this. A bottleneck quickly developed so that Union troops could only cross slowly and in small numbers, making the crossing last throughout the day.
493:
Meanwhile, Devens's men (now about 650 strong) remained in its advanced position and engaged in two additional skirmishes with a growing force of
Confederates, while other Union troops crossed the river but deployed near the bluff and did not advance from there. Devens finally withdrew around
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on the
Maryland side, it was rumored that ghosts of departed soldiers from that battle, particularly those who drowned in one of the boats that sank in the Potomac River, haunted that area, so canal workers did not stay in that area overnight, and tied up their boats for the night elsewhere.
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On the morning of
October 21, Colonel Devens' raiding party discovered the mistake made the previous evening by the patrol; there was no camp to raid. Opting not to recross the river immediately, Devens deployed his men in a tree line and sent a messenger back to report to Stone and get new
399:, the following morning. However, McCall requested additional time to complete some mapping of the roads in the area and, as a result, did not actually leave for Langley until the morning of October 21, just as the fighting at Ball's Bluff (named for the local Ball family) was heating up.
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reports 223 Federals killed, 226 wounded, and 553 captured; Garrison (pp. 115–6.) gives 49 killed, 198 wounded, 529 missing, and 100+ drowned; Eicher (p. 127) gives 49 killed, 158 wounded, and 714 captured/missing; Winkler (p. 46) gives 49 killed, 158 wounded, 553 captured, and 100+
701:" was written by Henry S Washburn to commemorate the death of Lt. John William Grout of the 15th Massachusetts Infantry, who was killed at the Battle of Ball's Bluff. It was set to music by George F. Root and was popular in the North and South due to its universal message of loss.
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Leesburg was a regional transportation hub. It was the northwestern terminus of the Alexandria, Loudoun & Hampshire Railroad which ran along or near the Potomac River from Alexandria, Virginia which is across the river from Washington, D.C. Johnston, II, Angus James.
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334:, tried to reinforce the Union troops, but failed to ensure that there were enough boats for the river crossings, which were then delayed. Baker was killed, and a newly arrived Confederate unit routed the rest of Stone's expedition.
228:
631:. The battlefield area has been restored over time to look much like it did in 1861. Interpretive tours are given by volunteer guides throughout the spring, summer and fall each weekend at 11 AM and 1 PM. The
660:, begins with the Battle of Ball's Bluff. The fictional Faulconer Legion is placed at the left flank of the Confederate position and led by Captain Starbuck's K Company, begins the rout of the Union forces.
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On the way upriver to execute this order, Baker met Devens' messenger coming back a second time to report that Devens and his men had encountered and briefly engaged the enemy, one company (Co. K) of the
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to the Virginia shore just before dusk. Having gotten no reaction from Colonel Evans with all of this activity, Stone recalled his troops to their camps and the "slight demonstration" came to an end.
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2:00 p.m. and met Baker, who had finally crossed the river half an hour later. Beginning around 3:00 the fighting began in earnest and was almost continuous until just after dark.
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expressed his displeasure at this move, Evans returned. By the evening of October 19, he had taken up a defensive position on the Alexandria-to-Winchester Turnpike (modern-day
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also eventually reached the rank of Brigadier General, was awarded the Medal of Honor and was fortunate enough to survive the war by near a half century. 2nd Lt.
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suspected that there was a conspiracy to betray the Union. The ensuing outcry, and a desire to learn why Federal forces had lost battles at Bull Run (Manassas),
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also survived the battle but did not survive the war. In 1865, Abbott was posthumously promoted to Brigadier General. Another outstanding young officer named
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the report of the Union burial detail which crossed over the next day under flag of truce. Fifty-four Union dead—of whom only one is identified—are buried in
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to order a raid, which resulted in a clash with enemy forces. A prominent U.S. Senator in uniform, and dear friend of the Lincoln family, Colonel
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might have abandoned Leesburg. Evans had, in fact, left the town on October 16–17 but had done so on his own authority. When Confederate
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regiment (the 17th Mississippi) arrived and formed the core of the climactic assault that finally broke and routed the Union troops.
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point, evaluate the situation, and either withdraw the troops already in Virginia or cross additional troops at his discretion.
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751:. p. 93. Control of the nearby fords and ferries was the key to controlling north or south invasion routes. Meserve, Stevan F.
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579:'s poem "Ball's Bluff – A Reverie" (published in 1866) commemorates the battle. Holmes' great friend and role model, Lt.
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McClellan came to Dranesville to consult with McCall that same evening and ordered McCall to return to his main camp at
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A Little Short of Boats: The Fights at Ball's Bluff and Edwards Ferry, October 21-22, 1861: A History and Tour Guide
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The Rebellion Record: A Diary of American Events, with Documents, Narratives, Illustrative Incidents, Poetry, Etc
1110:. Vol. VII (Broadfoot ed.). Wilmington, NC: Broadfoot Publishing Company. pp. XXXVIII, CXLI, 113.
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To make matters worse, Stone was not advised that McCall and his division had been ordered back to Washington.
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1654:"National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Ball's Bluff Battlefield and National Cemetery"
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1076:. Staff Ride Guide (1st ed.). Washington, DC: U.S. Army Center of Military History. pp. 36–48.
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While the messenger was going back to Col. Devens with this new information, Colonel and U.S. Senator
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1893:, Call Waiting. Poems (Manchester, England: Carcanet Press, 2014) (Has a poem titled Ball's Bluff)
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755:. With a Chapter on Ball's Bluff by James A. Morgan, III. Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2008.
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1762:. The Starbuck Chronicles (1st ed.). New York, NY: Harper Collins Publishers. pp. 7–22.
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2016:
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1806:(11th ed.). Shepherdstown, WV: American Canal & Transportation Center. pp. 68–69.
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On October 20, while McCall was completing his mapping, McClellan ordered Brigadier General
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639:) and its partners have acquired and preserved 3 acres (0.012 km) of the battlefield.
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The Union losses, although modest by later standards, alarmed Congress, which set up the
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515:. A Union howitzer captured by Confederate forces was recaptured May 29, 1863 from
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Battles for McClellan's Operations in Northern Virginia of the American Civil War
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Death of Col. Edward D. Baker at the Battle of Ball's Bluff, by Currier and Ives
2011:
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was killed in the battle; his death inspired a poem (and later a song) titled "
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1457:(1st ed.). Nashville, TN: Cumberland House Publishing. pp. 39–52.
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1291:. Vol. 7. New York, NY: G.P. Putnam, D. Van Nostrand. pp. 75–76.
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1718:(Paperback ed.). London, UK: Harper Perennial. pp. 3–10, 277.
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676:, also opens with the Battle of Ball's Bluff. Mr. March, the father in
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Controversies and Commanders: Dispatches from the Army of the Potomac
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The number of Union casualties from this battle vary by source. The
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341:, a body which would provoke years of bitter political infighting.
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753:
The Civil War in Loudoun County, Virginia: A History of Hard Times
1641:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
743:. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 1961.
1868:
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1322:(1st ed.). Ft. Mitchell, KY: Ironclad Pub. pp. 73–76.
1215:. Nashville, TN: Cumberland House Publishing. pp. 109–124.
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311:
The operation was planned as a minor reconnaissance across the
1853:(1st ed.). McLean, VA: EPM Publications. pp. 1–232.
1408:(1st ed.). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 33–34.
957:
571:, survived a nearly fatal wound at Ball's Bluff to become an
323:. A false report of an unguarded Confederate camp encouraged
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611:
Map of Ball's Bluff Battlefield core and study areas by the
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Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
365:. On October 19, 1861, McClellan ordered Brigadier General
1251:(third printing ed.). Orange, VA: Publisher's Press.
2230:
Battles of the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War
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1494:
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Congressional Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War
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were occupying the strategically important position of
1155:
The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War
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1363:"Ball's Bluff: "A Very Nice Little Military Chance""
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552:, and Ball's Bluff, led to the establishment of the
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1107:The Medical and Surgical History of the Civil War
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1850:Ball's Bluff: A Small Battle and Its Long Shadow
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812:
238:McClellan's Operations in Northern Virginia
2235:Confederate victories of the American Civil War
686:, is the chaplain serving with the Union army.
2176:Ball's Bluff Battlefield and National Cemetery
1803:Towpath Guide to the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal
1602:. American Battlefield Trust. January 13, 2009
1582:. American Battlefield Trust. January 13, 2009
1562:. American Battlefield Trust. January 13, 2009
1542:. American Battlefield Trust. January 13, 2009
1522:. American Battlefield Trust. January 13, 2009
621:Ball's Bluff Battlefield and National Cemetery
513:Ball's Bluff Battlefield and National Cemetery
2240:Battles of the American Civil War in Virginia
1912:
726:Medical and Surgical History of the Civil War
222:
1280:
963:
361:in preparation for an eventual advance into
1496:"Disaster at Ball's Bluff, 21 October 1861"
708:penned a poem in 2014 titled, Balls Bluff.
619:The site of the battle is preserved as the
602:
1919:
1905:
502:were drowned. Bodies floated downriver to
229:
215:
1685:Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority
629:Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority
339:Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War
2220:Loudoun County in the American Civil War
1928:Loudoun County in the American Civil War
1747:
1677:"Ball's Bluff Battlefield Regional Park"
1203:
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861:
858:Eicher, McPherson & McPherson (2001)
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530:
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201:155 (36 killed; 117 wounded; 2 captured)
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627:in 1984. The park is maintained by the
613:American Battlefield Protection Program
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2181:Harpers Ferry National Historical Park
1703:
1648:
1516:"10 Facts: The Battle of Ball's Bluff"
1360:Morgan, James A. III (November 2005).
1359:
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1070:Battle of Ball's Bluff, CMH Pub 35-1-1
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1014:Saved Land - Ball's Bluff Battlefield
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569:20th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry
210:
16:1861 battle of the American Civil War
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741:Virginia Railroads in the Civil War
13:
2092:43rd Battalion of Virginia Cavalry
2087:35th Battalion of Virginia Cavalry
1837:
433:
14:
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1556:"Ball's Bluff, Harrison's Island"
1204:Garrison, Webb Black Jr. (2001).
1975:
1636:
1536:"Ball's Bluff, October 21, 1861"
1208:Strange Battles of the Civil War
704:American historian and curator,
297:, on October 21, 1861, in which
150:Confederate States (Confederacy)
143:
126:
37:
924:Ball's Bluff, Harrison's Island
544:for the defeat, but members of
308:suffered a humiliating defeat.
2245:1861 in the American Civil War
1500:The Army Historical Foundation
1450:Civil War Goats and Scapegoats
1162:(1st ed.). New York, NY:
830:Ball's Bluff, October 21, 1861
732:
718:
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1:
1374:(5). HISTORYNET, LLC: 30–56.
1311:Morgan, James A. III (2004).
1245:Holien, Kim Bernard (1995) .
1059:
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289:) was an early battle of the
43:Depiction of Ball's Bluff by
711:
654:, the second installment of
526:
373:, twelve miles southeast of
7:
2032:Action at Mount Zion Church
1446:Winkler, H. Donald (2008).
1084:. GPO SerNo 008-029-00372-4
456:Confederate order of battle
414:Stone then ordered Colonel
287:Battle of Harrison's Island
10:
2276:
1662:U.S. National Park Service
1624:U.S. National Park Service
1576:"Ball's Bluff Battlefield"
964:Moore & Everett (1864)
939:Battle of Ball's Bluff Map
674:Pulitzer Prize for Fiction
637:American Battlefield Trust
625:National Historic Landmark
453:
442:
2168:
2122:
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2068:George's Schoolhouse Raid
2055:
2037:Battle of Loudoun Heights
1984:
1973:
1934:
1166:. pp. 125–128, 150.
691:Chesapeake and Ohio Canal
565:Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.
488:17th Mississippi Infantry
460:
369:to march his division to
315:to establish whether the
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155:
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50:
36:
28:
23:
1800:Hahn, Thomas F. (1996).
1596:"Battle of Ball's Bluff"
1000:NOVA Parks, Ball's Bluff
874:AHF, Ball's Bluff (2005)
770:
603:Battlefield preservation
438:
351:First Battle of Bull Run
295:Loudoun County, Virginia
68:Loudoun County, Virginia
2017:Skirmish at Miskel Farm
2002:Affair at Glenmore Farm
1952:Battle of Harpers Ferry
1102:Robertson, James I. Jr.
657:The Starbuck Chronicles
623:, which was declared a
422:Infantry, stationed on
349:Three months after the
1942:Battle of Ball's Bluff
1687:. 2016. Archived from
1248:Battle at Ball's Bluff
845:10 Facts: Ball's Bluff
616:
581:Henry Livermore Abbott
536:
479:Edward Dickinson Baker
470:
279:Battle of Ball's Bluff
166:Edward Dickinson Baker
156:Commanders and leaders
24:Battle of Ball's Bluff
2102:8th Virginia Infantry
1947:Battle of Dranesville
1149:McPherson, James Alan
1067:Ballard, Ted (2001).
672:, winner of the 2006
610:
534:
468:
454:Further information:
445:Union order of battle
443:Further information:
404:Charles Pomeroy Stone
379:Nathan "Shanks" Evans
371:Dranesville, Virginia
328:Charles Pomeroy Stone
193:Casualties and losses
162:Charles Pomeroy Stone
2097:7th Virginia Cavalry
1967:Battle of Upperville
1962:Battle of Middleburg
1652:(February 8, 1984).
1600:www.battlefields.org
1580:www.battlefields.org
1560:www.battlefields.org
1540:www.battlefields.org
1520:www.battlefields.org
1164:Simon & Schuster
357:was building up the
2255:October 1861 events
2042:Heaton's Crossroads
1997:Battle of Mile Hill
1502:. December 28, 2005
1368:America's Civil War
1145:McPherson, James M.
635:(a division of the
521:Greenwich, Virginia
506:and even as far as
469:A map of the battle
359:Army of the Potomac
355:George B. McClellan
306:George B. McClellan
281:(also known as the
89:39.1282°N 77.5277°W
85: /
2260:Leesburg, Virginia
1992:Fight at Waterford
617:
593:15th Massachusetts
589:John William Grout
537:
471:
291:American Civil War
283:Battle of Leesburg
45:Alfred W. Thompson
31:American Civil War
2204:
2203:
2133:Robert H. Chilton
1860:978-0-939009-36-7
1813:978-0-933788-66-4
1749:Cornwell, Bernard
1725:978-0-00-716587-2
1705:Brooks, Geraldine
1691:on March 28, 2016
1464:978-1-58182-631-9
1415:978-0-585-15939-3
1395:Sears, Stephen W.
1222:978-1-58182-226-7
1173:978-0-7432-1846-7
1117:978-0-916107-86-4
1098:Barnes, Joseph K.
1053:, pp. 68–69.
966:, pp. 75–76.
912:, pp. 33–34.
900:, pp. 73–76.
788:, p. XXXVIII
761:978-1-59629-378-6
678:Louisa May Alcott
424:Harrison's Island
397:Langley, Virginia
386:P.G.T. Beauregard
383:Brigadier General
325:Brigadier General
272:
271:
205:
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94:39.1282; -77.5277
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2047:Harmony Skirmish
2007:Battle of Unison
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699:The Vacant Chair
664:Geraldine Brooks
648:Bernard Cornwell
597:The Vacant Chair
392:) east of town.
367:George A. McCall
353:, Major General
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58:October 21, 1861
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2148:Elijah V. White
2118:
2112:Loudoun Rangers
2072:
2051:
2027:2nd Dranesville
2022:Blackleys Grove
1980:
1971:
1957:Battle of Aldie
1930:
1925:
1881:
1879:
1861:
1840:
1838:Further reading
1835:
1826:
1824:
1814:
1790:
1788:
1770:
1759:
1738:
1736:
1726:
1715:
1694:
1692:
1666:
1664:
1637:
1629:
1627:
1605:
1603:
1585:
1583:
1565:
1563:
1545:
1543:
1525:
1523:
1505:
1503:
1485:
1483:
1465:
1454:
1436:
1434:
1416:
1405:
1384:
1382:
1350:
1348:
1330:
1319:
1301:
1299:
1285:, eds. (1864).
1283:Everett, Edward
1271:
1269:
1259:
1235:
1233:
1223:
1212:
1194:
1192:
1174:
1159:
1130:
1128:
1118:
1087:
1085:
1073:
1062:
1057:
1049:
1045:
1037:
1033:
1027:Cornwell (1994)
1025:
1021:
1010:
1006:
998:
994:
986:
982:
974:
970:
962:
958:
950:
946:
935:
931:
920:
916:
908:
904:
896:
892:
884:
880:
872:
868:
862:Garrison (2001)
860:, p. 125;
856:
852:
841:
837:
826:
819:
811:
807:
799:
795:
790:- Table XXXVIII
784:
777:
773:
768:
767:
737:
733:
723:
719:
714:
645:
633:Civil War Trust
605:
577:Herman Melville
540:treated as the
529:
463:
458:
452:
447:
441:
436:
434:Opposing forces
347:
275:
274:
273:
268:
240:
237:
235:
198:921–1,002 total
174:Nathan G. Evans
164:
144:
142:
127:
125:
93:
91:
87:
84:
79:
76:
74:
72:
71:
70:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2273:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2152:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2012:Fight at Aldie
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1924:
1923:
1916:
1909:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1888:
1859:
1845:Farwell, Byron
1839:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1812:
1797:
1768:
1745:
1724:
1701:
1673:
1646:
1616:"Ball's Bluff"
1612:
1592:
1572:
1552:
1532:
1512:
1492:
1463:
1443:
1414:
1391:
1357:
1328:
1308:
1281:Moore, Frank;
1278:
1257:
1242:
1221:
1201:
1172:
1137:
1116:
1094:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1043:
1031:
1019:
1004:
992:
980:
968:
956:
954:, p. 141.
944:
929:
914:
902:
890:
886:Ballard (2001)
878:
866:
864:, p. 110.
850:
835:
817:
805:
801:Winkler (2008)
793:
774:
772:
769:
766:
765:
731:
716:
715:
713:
710:
644:
641:
604:
601:
550:Wilson's Creek
528:
525:
462:
459:
451:
448:
440:
437:
435:
432:
416:Charles Devens
346:
343:
270:
269:
267:
266:
261:
256:
251:
245:
242:
241:
234:
233:
226:
219:
211:
203:
202:
199:
195:
194:
190:
189:
186:
182:
181:
177:
176:
171:
158:
157:
153:
152:
140:
122:
121:
117:
116:
113:
112:
106:
102:
101:
66:
64:
60:
59:
56:
48:
47:
34:
33:
26:
25:
19:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2272:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2208:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2186:Fort Johnston
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2143:John Mobberly
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1922:
1917:
1915:
1910:
1908:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1892:
1891:David C. Ward
1889:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1798:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1769:0-06-017766-7
1765:
1757:
1756:
1750:
1746:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1721:
1713:
1712:
1706:
1702:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1681:www.nvrpa.org
1678:
1674:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1643:public domain
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1460:
1452:
1451:
1444:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1403:
1402:
1396:
1392:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1358:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1329:0-9673770-4-8
1325:
1317:
1316:
1309:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1258:0-943522-10-2
1254:
1250:
1249:
1243:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1218:
1210:
1209:
1202:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1165:
1157:
1156:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1052:
1047:
1040:
1039:Brooks (2006)
1035:
1029:, p. 15.
1028:
1023:
1016:
1015:
1008:
1001:
996:
989:
988:Bearss (1984)
984:
978:, p. 38.
977:
976:Morgan (2005)
972:
965:
960:
953:
952:Holien (1995)
948:
941:
940:
933:
926:
925:
918:
911:
906:
899:
898:Morgan (2004)
894:
887:
882:
875:
870:
863:
859:
854:
847:
846:
839:
832:
831:
824:
822:
814:
809:
803:, p. 46.
802:
797:
791:
787:
786:Barnes (1991)
782:
780:
775:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
735:
727:
721:
717:
709:
707:
706:David C. Ward
702:
700:
695:
692:
687:
685:
684:
679:
675:
671:
670:
665:
661:
659:
658:
653:
649:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
614:
609:
600:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
533:
524:
522:
518:
517:John S. Mosby
514:
509:
505:
499:
495:
491:
489:
483:
480:
475:
467:
457:
446:
431:
427:
425:
421:
420:Massachusetts
417:
412:
410:
409:1st Minnesota
405:
400:
398:
393:
391:
390:State Route 7
387:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
342:
340:
335:
333:
329:
326:
322:
318:
314:
309:
307:
304:
303:Major General
301:forces under
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
246:
243:
232:
227:
225:
220:
218:
213:
212:
209:
200:
197:
196:
191:
187:
184:
183:
178:
175:
172:
170:
167:
163:
160:
159:
154:
151:
141:
138:
134:
133:United States
124:
123:
118:
110:
107:
104:
103:
98:
69:
65:
62:
61:
57:
54:
53:
49:
46:
40:
35:
32:
27:
22:
2206:
2129:Confederate
2083:Confederate
2063:Burning Raid
1941:
1880:. Retrieved
1849:
1825:. Retrieved
1802:
1789:. Retrieved
1754:
1737:. Retrieved
1710:
1695:December 26,
1693:. Retrieved
1689:the original
1680:
1665:. Retrieved
1657:
1628:. Retrieved
1619:
1604:. Retrieved
1599:
1586:December 26,
1584:. Retrieved
1579:
1564:. Retrieved
1559:
1544:. Retrieved
1539:
1524:. Retrieved
1519:
1504:. Retrieved
1499:
1484:. Retrieved
1449:
1435:. Retrieved
1400:
1383:. Retrieved
1371:
1367:
1349:. Retrieved
1314:
1300:. Retrieved
1287:
1270:. Retrieved
1247:
1234:. Retrieved
1207:
1193:. Retrieved
1154:
1129:. Retrieved
1106:
1086:. Retrieved
1069:
1046:
1034:
1022:
1013:
1007:
995:
990:, p. 3.
983:
971:
959:
947:
938:
932:
923:
917:
910:Sears (1999)
905:
893:
888:, p. 7.
881:
869:
853:
844:
838:
829:
808:
796:
789:
752:
740:
734:
725:
720:
703:
696:
688:
683:Little Women
681:
667:
662:
655:
651:
646:
618:
562:
538:
508:Mount Vernon
500:
496:
492:
484:
476:
472:
428:
418:of the 15th
413:
401:
394:
348:
336:
332:Edward Baker
317:Confederates
310:
286:
282:
278:
276:
254:Ball's Bluff
253:
120:Belligerents
29:Part of the
2138:John Janney
1051:Hahn (1996)
697:The poem, "
585:Edmund Rice
450:Confederate
264:Dranesville
249:Lewinsville
109:Confederate
92: /
2214:Categories
2191:Fort Evans
1985:Skirmishes
1877:1043694748
1786:1310586481
1755:Copperhead
1566:October 8,
1481:1200277042
1473:2007049219
1346:1310733886
1338:2004020289
1182:2001034153
1082:2001037180
1060:References
689:Along the
652:Copperhead
643:In culture
504:Washington
345:Background
299:Union Army
293:fought in
259:Bog Wallow
80:77°31′40″W
77:39°07′42″N
1882:April 23,
1827:April 14,
1791:April 14,
1739:April 14,
1734:891789444
1486:April 23,
1437:April 23,
1385:March 20,
1380:1046-2899
1302:April 23,
1272:April 23,
1236:April 23,
1195:April 23,
1190:231931020
1131:April 23,
1088:April 23,
712:Footnotes
575:in 1902.
567:, of the
558:Democrats
542:scapegoat
527:Aftermath
1869:90030049
1847:(1990).
1822:59716841
1778:93029421
1751:(1994).
1707:(2006).
1667:June 14,
1630:June 14,
1606:June 14,
1546:June 14,
1526:June 14,
1506:June 12,
1432:44959009
1424:98037736
1397:(1999).
1351:June 12,
1267:29390540
1231:47844498
1151:(2001).
1126:24505335
1100:(1991).
763:. p. 31.
729:drowned.
546:Congress
519:raid at
375:Leesburg
363:Virginia
321:Leesburg
180:Strength
63:Location
1935:Battles
1658:nps.gov
1620:nps.gov
1297:6753869
1104:(ed.).
591:of the
313:Potomac
111:victory
2154:Union
2123:People
2108:Union
1875:
1867:
1857:
1820:
1810:
1784:
1776:
1766:
1732:
1722:
1626:. 2012
1479:
1471:
1461:
1430:
1422:
1412:
1378:
1344:
1336:
1326:
1295:
1265:
1255:
1229:
1219:
1188:
1180:
1170:
1124:
1114:
1080:
759:
749:977752
747:
461:Battle
105:Result
2169:Sites
2077:Units
2056:Raids
1760:(PDF)
1716:(PDF)
1711:March
1455:(PDF)
1406:(PDF)
1320:(PDF)
1213:(PDF)
1160:(PDF)
1074:(PDF)
1012:ABT,
937:ABT,
922:ABT,
843:ABT,
828:ABT,
771:Notes
669:March
439:Union
188:1,709
185:1,720
137:Union
1884:2008
1873:OCLC
1865:LCCN
1855:ISBN
1829:2013
1818:OCLC
1808:ISBN
1793:2013
1782:OCLC
1774:LCCN
1764:ISBN
1741:2013
1730:OCLC
1720:ISBN
1697:2018
1669:2013
1632:2013
1608:2013
1588:2018
1568:2022
1548:2013
1528:2013
1508:2006
1488:2012
1477:OCLC
1469:LCCN
1459:ISBN
1439:2008
1428:OCLC
1420:LCCN
1410:ISBN
1387:2023
1376:ISSN
1353:2006
1342:OCLC
1334:LCCN
1324:ISBN
1304:2012
1293:OCLC
1274:2012
1263:OCLC
1253:ISBN
1238:2012
1227:OCLC
1217:ISBN
1197:2008
1186:OCLC
1178:LCCN
1168:ISBN
1133:2012
1122:OCLC
1112:ISBN
1090:2008
1078:LCCN
757:ISBN
745:OCLC
563:Lt.
277:The
55:Date
680:'s
650:'s
599:".
285:or
2216::
1871:.
1863:.
1816:.
1780:.
1772:.
1728:.
1683:.
1679:.
1660:.
1656:.
1622:.
1618:.
1598:.
1578:.
1558:.
1538:.
1518:.
1498:.
1475:.
1467:.
1426:.
1418:.
1372:18
1370:.
1366:.
1340:.
1332:.
1261:.
1225:.
1184:.
1176:.
1147:;
1143:;
1120:.
820:^
778:^
666:'
523:.
1920:e
1913:t
1906:v
1886:.
1831:.
1795:.
1743:.
1699:.
1671:.
1645:.
1634:.
1610:.
1590:.
1570:.
1550:.
1530:.
1510:.
1490:.
1441:.
1389:.
1355:.
1306:.
1276:.
1240:.
1199:.
1135:.
1092:.
1017:.
1002:.
942:.
927:.
876:.
848:.
833:.
815:.
615:.
230:e
223:t
216:v
169:†
139:)
135:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
