167:
136:
1389:
155:
124:
1542:
of the main road attacked the Saint
Michael's Wood but met the same fate as the other columns. Masséna sent 12 battalions charging up the main road while a small force tried a right hook around the flank of the entrenchments. The flanking force made headway before being stalled. Jellacic made economical use of his outnumbered force. Masséna's main assault in front failed and was sent on its way by a final counterattack by Jellacic's men. In the early going the French troops captured about 500 prisoners and seemed to be on the verge of victory, but the heavy defensive fire and rocks thrown at them finally turned them back.
1236:
1495:
929:
965:
37:
888:
900:
876:
1144:
816:
982:
912:
840:
864:
828:
804:
852:
953:
941:
771:
778:
1437:
defenses were strong and the river was rising, but the French finally captured the place in the evening. Masséna committed 5,000 to the battle and sustained 300 casualties. The
Austrians had 4,200 troops in the area but they were spread out with no reserves. Consequently, they lost 400 killed and wounded plus 1,450 soldiers, 12 guns and three colors captured. Another source stated that the Austrians lost only 1,100 prisoners and five guns.
785:
1467:
1503:
Feldkirch. Then, on 22 March, an order from
Jourdan was received, directing Masséna to attack Feldkirch. Masséna accelerated his planned assault by one day by attacking on 23 March 1799 and thus losing the effect of the feint on Bregenz. The attack was launched in four columns, including one led by Oudinot and another by Masséna in person.
1441:
prisoners and four guns out of a total of 2,400 men. The French suffered only 100 killed and wounded out of 9,600 soldiers. Meanwhile, Oudinot's brigade crossed the Rhine on a wagon bridge and moved north toward
Feldkirch. Hotze attacked Oudinot outside Feldkirch with a numerically equal force. The battle hung in the balance until
1541:
The leftmost attack column crossed the Ill downstream at the hamlet of
Noffles early in the morning. It was supposed to veer to the right and get behind Jellacic's defenses, but it was repulsed. The left-center column assaulted the Blasenberg height but it too was defeated. A third column to the left
1445:
arrived with reinforcements sent by Masséna. Toward evening
Oudinot led a cavalry charge which flung Hotze back into the town. The French captured 1,000 Austrian soldiers and four guns. Another authority gave French casualties as 200 out of 9,000 and Austrian casualties as 1,100 out of 6,000. Not all
1486:
was 34,992-strong, but this campaign isolated
Lecourbe from the rest of the army. On 9 March 1799, the French Directory realized that having many independent armies was a bad idea and subordinated Masséna to Jourdan. A furious Masséna submitted his resignation on the 16th. The government was firm in
1440:
On the 7th Masséna turned south and attacked
Auffenberg at Chur. He sent his light infantry around the Austrian right to block escape by the Plessur valley. One source asserted that Auffenberg lost 3,000 prisoners, 16 guns and his supply magazines. Another source stated that the Austrians lost 1,000
1139:
and began advancing on Bern from the north. During this time bogus negotiations were carried on to mislead the Swiss. On 5 February 1798, Brune officially took command of the still-separated divisions of
Schauenburg and his former unit, now under Philippe Romain Mesnard. Converging on Bern, both
1436:
with 4,500 men. Though war had not been declared, Jourdan notified Masséna that he would cross the Rhine on 1 March and be near Lake
Constance by the 6th. Therefore, Masséna launched an assault crossing of the Rhine on 6 March at Luziensteig, which was between Hotze and Auffenberg. The Austrian
1306:
By this time it was obvious to the French Directory that war was imminent and 200,000 conscripts were called up. Aside from Bonaparte's forces in Egypt, the French were divided into five poorly-equipped armies. Masséna was in Switzerland with 30,000 men, Brune defended Holland with over 20,000
1502:
Masséna planned to have Xaintrailles make a feint on Bregenz while his center struck Feldkirch. Masséna had scouted the Austrian defenses, which were entrenched, but he believed that Hotze's absence provided him with an opportunity. As far back as 15 March, Oudinot had suggested an attack on
1487:
its decision however, and Masséna finally backed down and agreed to remain in command. It is possible that the drama may have made Masséna overly-aggressive in the next few days. By 19 March Jourdan's army was coming abreast of Masséna, with its right flank division under
1514:, the town was protected by a line of fieldworks across the main road, backed by a second line of works. The flanks were guarded by several redoubts and abatis. Jellacic's 5,500-strong command included the 3rd Battalions of Infantry Regiments
1550:
The Austrians lost 900 killed, wounded and missing. One authority listed 1,500 French casualties, but two other sources estimated their losses as 3,000. On the 24th, Masséna got news that Jourdan had been defeated by Charles at the
1226:
regretfully noted that when Switzerland was neutral, France could ignore their common border. However, with Switzerland a belligerent, the French must deploy 40,000 soldiers to either occupy the country or watch the frontier.
243:
1355:
and link its right wing with Masséna's left. Schérer was directed to link with Masséna's right while resisting the Austrians near Verona. The Austrians had 75,000 men in northern Italy under
1491:
on Lake Constance. Jourdan asked Masséna to link with Ferino at Bregenz. On the 20th Archduke Charles ordered Hotze to reinforce his army with 10,000 troops drawn from the Vorarlberg.
236:
1054:
in January 1798 and forced the country into an uneasy alliance marked by occasional revolts. By the start of hostilities with Austria in early 1799, Masséna was in command of the
1175:. Though the two countries became allies on 19 August 1798, many Swiss were not happy with their new French overlords. The French soldiers were kept busy suppressing revolts in
988:
229:
374:
369:
1470:
Map shows the Battle of Feldkirch, 23 March 1799. Noffles is at top right, under the north arrow. The hill just above and to the left of Feldkirch is the Blasenberg.
409:
2042:
The Armies of the First French Republic: Volume V The Armies Of The Rhine In Switzerland, Holland, Italy, Egypt, and The Coup D'Etat of Brumaire (1797–1799)
1638:
The Armies of the First French Republic: Volume V The Armies Of The Rhine In Switzerland, Holland, Italy, Egypt, and The Coup D'Etat of Brumaire (1797–1799)
1183:
transferred to his army. Schauenburg was an excellent organizer but not a first-rate general like his successor. On 11 December, he relinquished command to
2146:
1475:
285:
1198:
By invading Switzerland, the French government had unwittingly opened up a new avenue for the Coalition forces to invade France. Along its borders with
729:
2141:
2086:"Biographical Dictionary of all Austrian Generals during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, 1792–1815: Jellachich von Buzim, Franz"
1940:"Biographical Dictionary of all Austrian Generals during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, 1792–1815: Jellachich von Buzim, Franz"
2085:
1939:
1323:(who succeeded Championnet) counted 30,000 soldiers in central and southern Italy. In addition, there was a reserve force commanded by
402:
1155:. He left for his new command on 29 March and Schauenburg was named the new army commander. Meanwhile, cash and gold worth 10 million
2166:
2161:
2049:
2005:
1987:
1973:
1737:
1645:
395:
1998:
Warfare in the Age of Napoleon: The Egyptian and Syrian Campaigns and the Wars of the Second and Third Coalitions, 1798–1805
1730:
Warfare in the Age of Napoleon: The Egyptian and Syrian Campaigns and the Wars of the Second and Third Coalitions, 1798–1805
1316:
72:
1109:. However, the real reason was most likely the desire for the French government to get its hands on the Swiss treasury at
2156:
1164:
1130:
708:
2151:
2071:
2027:
1811:
1700:
1368:
738:
722:
259:
1488:
2171:
1590:
1288:
839:
648:
503:
1051:
701:
473:
433:
272:
1360:
603:
1417:
1364:
1256:
715:
578:
1442:
1032:
760:
673:
638:
588:
468:
419:
337:
326:
28:
1292:
777:
2136:
1429:
1135:
770:
686:
1510:
who was described as, "able within reasonable limits" and having "true fighting fervor". Lying on the
1982:
Trans and ed. Nicholas Murray and Christopher Pringle. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.
1968:
Trans and ed. Nicholas Murray and Christopher Pringle. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.
1562:
1081:
964:
899:
875:
851:
682:
628:
618:
608:
593:
538:
448:
253:
1388:
1324:
827:
815:
658:
653:
568:
498:
463:
1555:
on 21 March and was retreating. This meant that the battle had been fought for nothing. Jourdan's
887:
553:
548:
543:
493:
453:
364:
344:
332:
1993:
1980:
The Coalition Crumbles, Napoleon Returns: The 1799 Campaign in Italy and Switzerland, Volume 2.
1725:
1594:
1420:'s left flank division, including Oudinot's brigade, defended the Rhine from Lake Constance to
1125:
928:
692:
508:
488:
305:
1308:
1235:
1069:
1040:
1004:
803:
663:
633:
598:
558:
523:
513:
349:
221:
140:
62:
1589:
for his efforts. For his distinguished actions, Jellacic received the Knight's Cross of the
2037:
1966:
Napoleon Absent, Coalition Ascendant: The 1799 Campaign in Italy and Switzerland, Volume 1.
1633:
952:
940:
563:
533:
483:
478:
359:
300:
295:
1068:
and Feldkirch on 6 and 7 March. Ordered to attack Feldkirch in late March by his superior
354:
8:
1586:
1280:
863:
613:
573:
1557:
1451:
1184:
1160:
1024:
1008:
678:
623:
310:
278:
171:
159:
2105:
2067:
2045:
2023:
2015:
2001:
1983:
1969:
1807:
1733:
1696:
1688:
1641:
1552:
1320:
1276:
1268:
1188:
1077:
1012:
981:
668:
643:
458:
438:
154:
128:
123:
1215:
1115:
1098:
1056:
1028:
911:
745:
583:
528:
518:
320:
315:
2112:
The history of Russia's war with France during the reign of Emperor Paul I in 1799
1291:
briefly drove the French from Rome in November 1798. However, a French army under
1219:
2101:
1397:
1344:
1180:
1120:
1073:
186:
1027:, though the struggle lasted until nightfall. This and other French setbacks in
2114:]. Vol. 1. Saint Petersburg: Типография штаба военно-учебных заведений
1523:
1507:
1466:
1405:
1284:
1272:
1264:
1207:
1020:
1016:
36:
387:
2130:
2107:История войны России с Францией в царствование Императора Павла I в 1799 году
1511:
1447:
1244:
1223:
87:
74:
1340:
1494:
1372:
1352:
1332:
1260:
1211:
1060:. Going on the offensive, the French inflicted defeats on the Austrians at
1565:
on the 25th. With Jourdan in full retreat, Charles could easily strike at
2081:
2059:
1935:
1799:
1479:
1102:
1538:
Nr. 7. There were also two squadrons of cavalry and supporting militia.
1582:
1401:
1336:
1105:
was that the Confederation was maltreating the people of the Canton of
1167:. In addition, 293 cannons, 38 howitzers and 32 mortars were taken to
1474:
Meanwhile, Lecourbe's 10,000-man division embarked on the remarkable
1356:
1295:
soon routed the Neapolitan army and by 23 January 1799 had conquered
1061:
1044:
1566:
1455:
1328:
1168:
1143:
1598:
1570:
1425:
1248:
1203:
1199:
1172:
1036:
66:
1206:, France was well-protected by a belt of fortresses. But in the
1140:
divisions entered the city on 5 March after scattered fighting.
1413:
1409:
1312:
1300:
1296:
1179:(Wallis) and other cantons. During his tenure, Schauenburg got
1176:
1156:
166:
135:
1263:
caused the formation of the Second Coalition against her. The
251:
1573:
valley. On 5 April Masséna replaced Jourdan in charge of the
1421:
1348:
1252:
2020:
Eagles Over the Alps: Suvarov in Italy and Switzerland, 1799
1693:
Eagles Over the Alps: Suvarov in Italy and Switzerland, 1799
1640:. Vol. 5. USA: Pickle Partners Publishing. p. 67.
1446:
the French forces were successful. Marching from the Saint
1433:
1110:
1106:
1065:
1363:, 26,000 soldiers in the Vorarlberg and Graubünden under
1210:
on the Swiss frontier, there were only a few places like
41:
The Ill River runs through rugged terrain near Feldkirch.
1585:. Ferino soon replaced Mesnard. Oudinot was promoted to
1195:
counted 24,000 veteran troops, including 1,600 cavalry.
2080:
1992:
1934:
1724:
1616:
1614:
1454:'s brigade was mauled by an Austrian-Swiss force near
2036:
1632:
1129:
started marching north on 1 January 1798. Meanwhile,
1611:
1092:
2014:
1687:
1159:were seized of which three million helped finance
2128:
2044:. Vol. 5. USA: Pickle Partners Publishing.
1404:. Mesnard's center division was posted south of
1151:On 8 March 1798 Brune was appointed to lead the
1031:soon caused Masséna to go on the defensive. The
1601:of Infantry Regiment Nr. 62 on 1 January 1802.
1396:In February, Masséna's right flank was held by
417:
1732:. Vol. 2. USA: Leonaur Ltd. p. 103.
1043:, located 158 kilometres (98 mi) west of
16:1799 battle of the War of the Second Coalition
1569:. So Masséna ordered Lecourbe to abandon the
1335:. The Directory ordered Masséna to seize the
1133:'s 15,000-man division was detached from the
994:The color black indicates the current battle.
403:
237:
2058:
1798:
1526:battalions. These were the 3rd Battalion of
1912:
1910:
1908:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1825:
1823:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1023:, the Austrians repulsed all of the French
2147:Battles of the War of the Second Coalition
1478:. By 12 March, Lecourbe reached the upper
1287:into the Coalition. Attacking early, King
410:
396:
244:
230:
1383:
2142:Battles of the French Revolutionary Wars
2100:
1905:
1889:
1873:
1841:
1820:
1787:
1773:
1620:
1493:
1465:
1387:
1234:
1142:
1806:. London: Greenhill. pp. 145–146.
1400:'s division, with its extreme right at
2129:
2022:. Chicago, Ill.: The Emperor's Press.
1695:. Chicago, Ill.: The Emperor's Press.
1378:
1347:. Jourdan was instructed to cross the
1343:(Grisons, Rhätien) and advance on the
1319:had 58,000 men in northern Italy and
1072:, Masséna attacked with troops under
391:
225:
1359:, 18,000 troops in the Tyrol led by
1050:On a flimsy pretext, a French army
13:
1243:French aggression in Switzerland,
1230:
1165:French campaign in Egypt and Syria
1131:Balthazar Alexis Henri Schauenburg
1084:soon forced the French to recoil.
14:
2183:
2000:. Vol. 2. USA: Leonaur Ltd.
1597:on 29 October 1800 and appointed
1593:on 6 April 1799. He was promoted
1577:. He gave Mesnard command of the
1369:Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen
1534:Nr. 6, and the 1st battalion of
1461:
1147:Helvetic Republic, 12 April 1798
1093:French occupation of Switzerland
980:
963:
951:
939:
927:
910:
898:
886:
874:
862:
850:
838:
826:
814:
802:
783:
776:
769:
165:
153:
134:
122:
35:
1928:
1919:
1864:
1855:
1832:
1764:
1755:
1591:Military Order of Maria Theresa
1317:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer
1299:, forcing Ferdinand to flee to
1746:
1718:
1709:
1681:
1672:
1663:
1654:
1626:
1489:Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino
1191:of Infantry. At this time the
1097:The ostensible reason for the
203:12,000–13,000 regular infantry
1:
2167:1799 in the Holy Roman Empire
2162:1799 in the Habsburg monarchy
2064:The Napoleonic Wars Data Book
1978:Clausewitz, Carl von (2021).
1964:Clausewitz, Carl von (2020).
1958:
1804:The Napoleonic Wars Data Book
1424:. Hotze had 20,000 troops at
1361:Count Heinrich von Bellegarde
1087:
1418:Charles Antoine Xaintrailles
1365:Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze
1257:Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia
7:
1443:Jean Thomas Guillaume Lorge
1033:War of the Second Coalition
761:War of the Second Coalition
421:War of the Second Coalition
29:War of the Second Coalition
10:
2188:
1761:Dodge (2011), pp. 106–107.
1545:
1430:Franz Xaver von Auffenberg
191:unknown number of militia
2157:Battles involving Austria
1669:Phipps (2011), pp. 70–72.
1660:Phipps (2011), pp. 68–69.
1123:with a division from the
1101:to order the invasion of
1003:(23 March 1799) saw some
429:
267:
255:French Revolutionary Wars
207:
177:
146:
115:
45:
34:
26:
21:
2152:Battles involving France
1604:
1561:was beaten again at the
1530:Nr. 9, 2nd battalion of
1325:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
1293:Jean Étienne Championnet
1187:and assumed the role of
183:5,500 regular infantry,
2172:18th century in Austria
1994:Dodge, Theodore Ayrault
1726:Dodge, Theodore Ayrault
1498:Franz Jellacic – victor
1218:guarding the region of
1113:. Named to command the
1076:. Jourdan's defeats at
1035:combat occurred at the
1595:Feldmarschall-Leutnant
1506:Feldkirch was held by
1499:
1471:
1393:
1384:Chur and 1st Feldkirch
1367:and 80,000 men led by
1289:Ferdinand IV of Naples
1240:
1148:
702:Mediterranean Campaign
147:Commanders and leaders
2088:. napoleon-series.org
2066:. London: Greenhill.
2038:Phipps, Ramsay Weston
1942:. napoleon-series.org
1925:Phipps (2011), p. 82.
1916:Smith (1998), p. 148.
1902:Dodge (2011), p. 116.
1886:Phipps (2011), p. 81.
1870:Dodge (2011), p. 110.
1861:Phipps (2011), p. 79.
1852:Phipps (2011), p. 80.
1838:Phipps (2011), p. 77.
1829:Phipps (2010), p. 76.
1784:Phipps (2011), p. 75.
1770:Phipps (2011), p. 74.
1752:Dodge (2011), p. 104.
1715:Duffy (1999), p. 155.
1678:Phipps (2011), p. 73.
1634:Phipps, Ramsay Weston
1497:
1469:
1391:
1375:in southern Germany.
1309:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
1238:
1146:
1070:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
1041:Feldkirch, Vorarlberg
208:Casualties and losses
63:Feldkirch, Vorarlberg
1428:and Feldkirch while
1315:with 37,000 troops,
88:47.23806°N 9.59833°E
2084:; Kudrna, Leopold.
1938:; Kudrna, Leopold.
1587:general of division
1379:Campaign and Battle
1351:River, transit the
1281:Kingdom of Portugal
1052:invaded Switzerland
1021:fortified positions
1001:Battle of Feldkirch
198:4,500 regular army,
84: /
22:Battle of Feldkirch
2016:Duffy, Christopher
1689:Duffy, Christopher
1575:Army of the Danube
1563:Battle of Stockach
1558:Army of the Danube
1500:
1472:
1452:Louis Henri Loison
1394:
1241:
1161:Napoleon Bonaparte
1149:
327:Suvorov's campaign
2137:Conflicts in 1799
2051:978-1-908692-28-3
2007:978-0-85706-600-8
1988:978-0-7006-3034-9
1974:978-0-7006-3025-7
1739:978-0-85706-600-8
1647:978-1-908692-28-3
1553:Battle of Ostrach
1522:Nr. 37 and three
1476:Engadine Campaign
1321:Jacques MacDonald
1277:Kingdom of Naples
1189:Inspector General
1136:Army of the Rhine
755:
754:
716:Italian and Swiss
709:Egyptian Campaign
385:
384:
220:
219:
111:
110:
93:47.23806; 9.59833
2179:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2102:Milyutin, Dmitry
2097:
2095:
2093:
2077:
2055:
2033:
2011:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1932:
1926:
1923:
1917:
1914:
1903:
1900:
1887:
1884:
1871:
1868:
1862:
1859:
1853:
1850:
1839:
1836:
1830:
1827:
1818:
1817:
1796:
1785:
1782:
1771:
1768:
1762:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1722:
1716:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1670:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1630:
1624:
1618:
1581:and started for
1579:Army of Helvetia
1484:Army of Helvetia
1216:Salins-les-Bains
1193:Army of Helvetia
1116:Army of Helvetia
1099:French Directory
1057:Army of Helvetia
1029:southern Germany
1011:attack a weaker
990:
984:
977:
972:
967:
960:
955:
948:
943:
936:
931:
924:
919:
914:
907:
902:
895:
890:
883:
878:
871:
866:
859:
854:
847:
842:
835:
830:
823:
818:
811:
806:
799:
794:
787:
786:
780:
773:
746:Marengo Campaign
730:Italian Campaign
529:Vlieter incident
424:
422:
412:
405:
398:
389:
388:
262:
256:
246:
239:
232:
223:
222:
170:
169:
158:
157:
139:
138:
127:
126:
107:Austrian victory
99:
98:
96:
95:
94:
89:
85:
82:
81:
80:
77:
47:
46:
39:
19:
18:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2127:
2126:
2117:
2115:
2091:
2089:
2074:
2052:
2030:
2008:
1961:
1956:
1955:
1945:
1943:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1915:
1906:
1901:
1890:
1885:
1874:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1842:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1797:
1788:
1783:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1747:
1740:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1710:
1703:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1655:
1648:
1631:
1627:
1619:
1612:
1607:
1548:
1464:
1398:Claude Lecourbe
1392:Nicolas Oudinot
1386:
1381:
1345:County of Tyrol
1233:
1231:Outbreak of war
1181:Nicolas Oudinot
1121:Guillaume Brune
1095:
1090:
1074:Nicolas Oudinot
997:
996:
995:
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987:
985:
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975:
973:
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968:
961:
958:
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949:
946:
944:
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934:
932:
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922:
920:
917:
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905:
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884:
881:
879:
872:
869:
867:
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848:
845:
843:
836:
833:
831:
824:
821:
819:
812:
809:
807:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
788:
784:
781:
774:
766:
764:
756:
751:
697:
425:
420:
418:
416:
386:
381:
273:French invasion
263:
254:
252:
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199:
197:
192:
190:
184:
164:
152:
133:
121:
92:
90:
86:
83:
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73:
71:
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40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2185:
2175:
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2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2125:
2124:
2098:
2078:
2072:
2056:
2050:
2034:
2028:
2012:
2006:
1990:
1976:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1927:
1918:
1904:
1888:
1872:
1863:
1854:
1840:
1831:
1819:
1812:
1786:
1772:
1763:
1754:
1745:
1738:
1717:
1708:
1701:
1680:
1671:
1662:
1653:
1646:
1625:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1547:
1544:
1528:Peterwardeiner
1524:Grenz Infantry
1508:Franz Jellacic
1463:
1460:
1406:Lake Constance
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1285:Ottoman Turkey
1273:Russian Empire
1265:United Kingdom
1232:
1229:
1208:Jura Mountains
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1017:Franz Jellacic
993:
986:
979:
974:
969:
962:
957:
950:
945:
938:
933:
926:
921:
916:
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849:
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796:
789:
782:
775:
768:
767:
759:
758:
757:
753:
752:
750:
749:
742:
739:Dutch Campaign
735:
734:
733:
726:
723:Swiss Campaign
712:
705:
696:
695:
690:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
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631:
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342:
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338:Devil's Bridge
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
282:
281:
268:
265:
264:
260:Swiss Campaign
249:
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218:
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210:
209:
205:
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201:
180:
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162:
149:
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118:
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61:
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55:
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32:
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24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2173:
2170:
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2155:
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2145:
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2138:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2099:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2073:1-85367-276-9
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2029:1-883476-18-6
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1962:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1922:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1899:
1897:
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1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1867:
1858:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1835:
1826:
1824:
1815:
1813:1-85367-276-9
1809:
1805:
1801:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1767:
1758:
1749:
1741:
1735:
1731:
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1721:
1712:
1704:
1702:1-883476-18-6
1698:
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1690:
1684:
1675:
1666:
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1649:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1629:
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1621:Milyutin 1852
1617:
1615:
1610:
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1600:
1596:
1592:
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1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1496:
1492:
1490:
1485:
1482:. By now the
1481:
1477:
1468:
1462:2nd Feldkirch
1459:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1448:Gotthard Pass
1444:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1390:
1376:
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1366:
1362:
1358:
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1314:
1310:
1304:
1302:
1298:
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1290:
1286:
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1278:
1274:
1270:
1267:soon brought
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1245:Ottoman Egypt
1239:André Masséna
1237:
1228:
1225:
1224:Lazare Carnot
1221:
1220:Franche-Comté
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1185:André Masséna
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1153:Army of Italy
1145:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1126:Army of Italy
1122:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1009:André Masséna
1007:corps led by
1006:
1002:
989:
983:
966:
954:
942:
930:
913:
901:
889:
877:
865:
853:
841:
829:
817:
805:
779:
772:
762:
748:
747:
743:
741:
740:
736:
732:
731:
727:
725:
724:
720:
719:
718:
717:
713:
711:
710:
706:
704:
703:
699:
698:
694:
693:Porto Ferrajo
691:
688:
684:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
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647:
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632:
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620:
617:
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612:
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605:
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582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
549:Gotthard Pass
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
431:
428:
423:
413:
408:
406:
401:
399:
394:
393:
390:
376:
375:2nd Schwanden
373:
371:
370:1st Schwanden
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
339:
336:
335:
334:
331:
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328:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
280:
277:
276:
275:
274:
270:
269:
266:
261:
257:
247:
242:
240:
235:
233:
228:
227:
224:
215:
212:
211:
206:
202:
200:3,000 militia
195:
188:
182:
181:
176:
173:
172:André Masséna
168:
163:
161:
160:Franz Jelačić
156:
151:
150:
145:
142:
137:
132:
130:
125:
120:
119:
114:
106:
103:
102:
97:
68:
64:
60:
57:
56:
53:23 March 1799
52:
49:
48:
44:
38:
33:
30:
25:
20:
2116:. Retrieved
2111:
2106:
2090:. Retrieved
2082:Smith, Digby
2063:
2060:Smith, Digby
2041:
2019:
1997:
1979:
1965:
1944:. Retrieved
1936:Smith, Digby
1930:
1921:
1866:
1857:
1834:
1803:
1800:Smith, Digby
1766:
1757:
1748:
1729:
1720:
1711:
1692:
1683:
1674:
1665:
1656:
1637:
1628:
1578:
1574:
1556:
1549:
1540:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1519:
1515:
1505:
1501:
1483:
1473:
1439:
1395:
1353:Black Forest
1333:Philippsburg
1327:threatening
1305:
1261:Papal States
1242:
1212:Fort de Joux
1197:
1192:
1152:
1150:
1134:
1124:
1114:
1096:
1055:
1049:
1019:. Defending
1015:force under
1000:
998:
744:
737:
728:
721:
714:
707:
700:
609:2nd Stockach
449:1st Stockach
443:
333:St. Gotthard
325:
290:
271:
193:
116:Belligerents
2092:13 February
1946:13 February
1518:Nr. 20 and
1103:Switzerland
664:Hohenlinden
644:3rd Marengo
634:Iller River
559:Linth River
524:Callantsoog
504:2nd Marengo
474:1st Marengo
350:Linth River
216:1,500–3,000
91: /
2131:Categories
1959:References
1583:Strasbourg
1532:St. George
1402:Bellinzona
1373:Lech River
1341:Graubünden
1337:Vorarlberg
1307:soldiers,
1088:Background
674:Copenhagen
639:Montebello
604:Hohentwiel
564:Muottental
554:2nd Zurich
534:Krabbendam
489:1st Zurich
484:Winterthur
479:Frauenfeld
469:Bassignana
360:Muottental
345:2nd Zurich
306:1st Zurich
301:Winterthur
296:Frauenfeld
76:47°14′17″N
1512:Ill River
1480:Inn River
1357:Paul Kray
1062:Maienfeld
1045:Innsbruck
679:Algeciras
649:Höchstädt
629:Chiusella
624:Fort Bard
614:Messkirch
574:Castricum
444:Feldkirch
291:Feldkirch
187:squadrons
79:9°35′54″E
2104:(1852).
2062:(1998).
2040:(2011).
2018:(1999).
1996:(2011).
1802:(1998).
1728:(2011).
1691:(1999).
1636:(2011).
1456:Disentis
1329:Mannheim
1259:and the
1169:Huningue
1082:Stockach
1039:town of
1037:Austrian
1013:Austrian
793:125miles
619:Biberach
594:Wiesloch
589:3rd Novi
579:2nd Novi
539:Mannheim
311:Oberwald
286:Engadine
279:Grauholz
178:Strength
58:Location
27:Part of
2118:1 April
1599:Inhaber
1571:Engadin
1546:Results
1520:De Vins
1516:Kaunitz
1426:Bregenz
1371:on the
1269:Austria
1249:Holland
1204:Germany
1200:Belgium
1173:Carouge
1078:Ostrach
1025:columns
765:Austria
659:Ampfing
654:Neuburg
569:Alkmaar
499:Trebbia
464:Cassano
459:Magnano
439:Ostrach
355:Klöntal
129:Austria
67:Austria
2070:
2048:
2026:
2004:
1986:
1972:
1810:
1736:
1699:
1644:
1567:Zürich
1536:Broder
1414:Schwyz
1410:Glarus
1313:Alsace
1301:Sicily
1297:Naples
1279:, the
1275:, the
1271:, the
1255:, the
1177:Valais
1157:francs
1005:French
918:Zurich
669:Mincio
584:Genola
544:Bergen
519:Amsteg
509:Mantua
494:Modena
454:Verona
365:Glarus
321:Amsteg
316:Schwyz
141:France
104:Result
2110:[
1605:Notes
1432:held
1422:Basel
1408:near
1349:Rhine
1311:held
1253:Malta
791:200km
599:Genoa
434:Corfu
2120:2024
2094:2013
2068:ISBN
2046:ISBN
2024:ISBN
2002:ISBN
1984:ISBN
1970:ISBN
1948:2013
1808:ISBN
1734:ISBN
1697:ISBN
1642:ISBN
1434:Chur
1412:and
1339:and
1331:and
1283:and
1214:and
1202:and
1171:and
1111:Bern
1107:Vaud
1080:and
1066:Chur
999:The
514:Novi
50:Date
1163:'s
687:2nd
683:1st
213:900
2133::
1907:^
1891:^
1875:^
1843:^
1822:^
1789:^
1775:^
1613:^
1458:.
1450:,
1416:.
1303:.
1251:,
1247:,
1222:.
1119:,
1064:,
1047:.
870:10
858:11
846:12
834:13
822:14
810:15
798:16
685:•
258:–
196::
194:or
189:,
185:2
65:,
2122:.
2096:.
2076:.
2054:.
2032:.
2010:.
1950:.
1816:.
1742:.
1705:.
1650:.
1623:.
976:1
971:2
959:3
947:4
935:5
923:6
906:7
894:8
882:9
763::
689:)
681:(
411:e
404:t
397:v
245:e
238:t
231:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
