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651:, took command of an "Emergency Division," composed of federal employees who were armed during the raid, directly under the command of McCook. Even Lincoln personally arrived at the battlefield. McCook tried to sort out the problem of too many high-ranking generals in the face of Early's advance. He was unable to rid himself of the generals, and their attempts to gain leverage over one another, but a somewhat-workable command structure was established. With McCook in overall command, Gillmore commanded the northeast line of fortresses (
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541:. Major Generals Quincy Gillmore and Alexander McCook commanded the Northeast sector and the reserve post at Blagden Farm, respectively. Augur commanded 31,000 troops and 1,000 artillery pieces in 160 fortifications, batteries, and trenches. Eighty-seven fortifications were north of the Potomac (facing Early's approach) with 484 heavy guns and 13,986 men. Land was cleared surrounding the city to create open fields of fire. Six companies of the
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1213:) The article in the July 13, 1864, edition mentioned that "President Lincoln and Mrs. Lincoln passed along the line of the city defences in a carriage last night, and were warmly greeted by the soldiers wherever they made their appearance amongst them." but the article made no mention of President Lincoln actually coming under fire. (
832:. The Confederates successfully brought the supplies they seized during the previous weeks with them into Virginia. Early remarked to one of his officers after the battle, "Major, we didn't take Washington but we scared Abe Lincoln like hell." Wright organized a pursuit force and set out after them during the afternoon of the 13th.
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A Union counterattack drove back the
Confederate cavalry and the two opposing lines confronted each other throughout the evening with periods of intense skirmishing. The Union front was aided by artillery from the fort, which shelled Confederate positions, destroying many houses that Confederate sharpshooters used for protection.
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788:, and here the fight began. For a short time it was warm work, but as the President and many ladies were looking at us, every man tried to do his best. Without our help the small force in the forts would have been overpowered. Jubal Early should have attacked earlier in the morning, but Early was late.
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with a line of skirmishers backed by artillery. Near the start of the
Confederate attack the lead elements of the VI and XIX Corps arrived at the fort, reinforcing it with battle-hardened troops. The battle picked up around 5 p.m. when Confederate cavalry pushed through the advance Union picket line.
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The July 9 battle lasted from about 6 a.m. to around 4 p.m. Early's corps ultimately drove off the Union troops, the only substantial force between it and the capital. Still, the battle cost Early precious time that would have been better spent in advancing the 40 miles (64 km) toward
Washington
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At about the time Wright's command was arriving in
Washington, Early's corps began to arrive at the breastworks of Fort Stevens, yet Early delayed the attack because he was still unsure of the federal strength defending the fort, much of his army was still in transit to the front, and the troops he
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Additional Union reinforcements from the VI and XIX Corps arrived overnight and were placed in reserve behind the line. The skirmishing continued into July 12, when Early finally decided that
Washington could not be taken without heavy losses which would be too severe to warrant the attempt. Union
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President
Lincoln, his wife Mary, and some officers rode out to observe the attack, either on July 11 or July 12, and were briefly under enemy fire that wounded a Union surgeon standing next to Lincoln on the Fort Stevens parapet. Lincoln was brusquely ordered to take cover by an officer, possibly
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It was believed that the Valley could then be effectually freed from the presence of the enemy and it was hoped that by threatening
Washington and Baltimore, Gen. Grant would be compelled to weaken himself so much for their protection as to afford an opportunity to attack him, or that he might be
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The arrival of the VI Corps, about 10,000 men, brought desperately needed veteran reinforcements. It also added another high-ranking officer into a jumbled Union command. The
Washington defenses played host to a number of generals ejected from major theaters of the war or incapacitated for field
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around noon on July 11. Because of the battle and then the long march through the stifling summer heat, and unsure of the strength of the Union position in front of him, Early decided not to send his army against the fortifications around
Washington until the next day.
737:, the son of the founder of Silver Spring, Maryland. They found barrels of whiskey in the basement of the mansion, called Blair Mansion, and many troops were too drunk to get a good start in the morning. This allowed for further fortification by Union troops.
1205:"The Invasion: The Condition of Things Last Night – The Fighting out the Seventh Street Road – Rebel Sharpshooters Dislodged – The Enemy Attempt to Plant a Battery, but are Shelled Away – Policemen and Other Citizens Take a Hand in the Fighting"
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artillery from Fort
Stevens attempted to clear out Confederate sharpshooters hidden in the buildings and fields in front of the fort; when the artillery fire failed to drive them off, the VI Corps brigade of
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The Washington City, D.C., prepared for the Confederate assault amid one of the worst hot spells in its history. It lasted 47 days without rain, with temperatures exceeding 90 °F (32.2 °C). The
683:). Wright and the VI Corps were initially to be held in reserve but McCook immediately decided against it and stated that he felt veteran troops needed to take the front lines against Early's troops.
851:. The fort is located near 13th Street NW between Rittenhouse and Quackenbos Streets NW and is the only part of the battlefield currently preserved; the remainder was developed following 1925. The
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An 1864 sketch made by E. F. Mullens shortly after the Battle of Fort Stevens, showing the skirmish line and noting a house burned to keep it from being used by Confederate snipers.
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NW, containing the graves of 40 Union soldiers killed in the battle; 17 Confederate soldiers are buried on the grounds of Grace Episcopal Church, slightly north of current downtown
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and prominent residents left town to escape the heat as much as the impending Confederate advance. However, President Lincoln remained near the city, staying with his family at the
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had were exhausted due to the excessive heat and the fact that they had been on the march since June 13. Additionally, many of the Confederate troops had looted the home of
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As it was, Hardin's troops engaged in some light skirmishing, but as McCook intended, it was to be Wright's veterans who bore the brunt of the fighting.
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Around 3 p.m., with the bulk of their force present, the Confederates commenced skirmishing, probing the defense maintained by Brig. Gen.
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around noon on July 11, about the same time that Early reached the outskirts of Fort Stevens with the lead elements of his troops.
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to send troops to defend Washington against the threat and reduce his strength to take the Confederate capital of Richmond.
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City. After the battle, Early resumed his march on the District of Columbia and arrived at its northeast border near
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regiments, attacked at about 5 p.m. The attack was successful, but at the cost of over 300 men. VI Corps member
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minimized the threat. Early withdrew after two days of skirmishing after attempting no serious assaults. Then
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Desperate Engagement: How a Little-Known Civil War Battle Saved Washington D.C., and Changed American History
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The Confederacy's Last Northern Offensive: Jubal Early, the Army of the Valley and the Raid on Washington
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Some local newspaper articles do not mention the incident. An article about the battle published in the
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on June 18, the Second Corps marched northward through the valley, entering Maryland on July 5 near
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1359:. Washington, D.C.: Military Order of the United States, Commander of the District of Columbia.
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Under Enemy Fire: The Complete Account of His Experiences During Early's Attack on Washington
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Early's invasion of Maryland had the desired effect on Grant, who dispatched the rest of the
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This article is about the American Civil War battle. For the World War II battle, see
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Monument in Silver Spring, Maryland to 17 unknown Confederate dead from the battle
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battle fought July 11–12, 1864, in Washington County, D.C. in present-day
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Despite the impressive array, Washington's defenses were unformidable. General
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Horatio Wright, although other probably apocryphal stories claim that it was
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on July 12, 1864, made no mention of President Lincoln at the battlefield. (
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was established two weeks after the battle and is located nearby, at 6625
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Overall command for defense of the District was given to Major General
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We marched in the line of battle into a peach orchard in front of
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Jubal's Raid: General Early's Famous Attack on Washington in 1864
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4177:
List of films and television shows about the American Civil War
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863:, at the intersection of Georgia Avenue and Grace Church Road.
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Scene of the fight in front of Fort Stevens, July 12 & 13,
635:, whose troops manned the capital's defensive works. Maj. Gen.
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1406:. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press.
1247:"Washington Defended July 12, 1864 Slide Monocvc_120115_488"
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Map of Fort Stevens Battlefield core and study areas by the
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1468:. New York: Thomas Dunne Books (St. Martin's Press), 2005.
1368:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc.
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in New York City to take command of a detachment from the
1508:: Maps, histories, photos, facts, and preservation news (
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Early's attack, less than 4 miles (6.4 km) from the
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Battles of the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War
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1429:. Berryville, Virginia: Rockbridge Publishing Company.
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1387:. Baltimore, Maryland: Rockbridge Publishing Company.
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Early's force withdrew that evening, headed back into
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Battles of the American Civil War in Washington, D.C.
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647:. The Union Army's Quartermaster General, Brig. Gen.
452:, attempted to resist the Confederate advance at the
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Season of Fire: The Confederate Strike on Washington
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1484:. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press.
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623:, who had been relieved of command after the 1863
545:were stationed in front of the northern defenses.
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3863:Confederate States presidential election of 1861
484:, the Confederate Secretary of War, on July 19:
659:), Meigs commanded the northern line of forts (
3687:Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S.
1521:National Park Service website for Fort Stevens
1450:. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Co.
497:carrying the Union force started to arrive in
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1318:. Dover, New Hampshire: Arcadia Publishing.
900:Washington, D.C., in the American Civil War
369:personally observed the battle's fighting.
249:and operations against the B&O Railroad
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52:3rd Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Regiment
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4259:Union victories of the American Civil War
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1357:Early's Attack upon Washington, July 1864
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675:, commanded the northwest line of forts (
606:Learn how and when to remove this message
480:to Washington on July 9. As Lee wrote to
405:of Federals and, if practical, to invade
1776:Treatment of slaves in the United States
1479:
1350:National Park Service battle description
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671:) and Augur's First Division commander,
619:command by wounds or disease. Maj. Gen.
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397:lines around the Confederate capital of
3519:Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War
1691:South Carolina Declaration of Secession
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1385:Jubal Early's Raid on Washington 1864
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16:1864 battle of the American Civil War
803:Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper
588:adding citations to reliable sources
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3858:Committee on the Conduct of the War
3534:United Daughters of the Confederacy
448:sent from Richmond under Maj. Gen.
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3928:U.S. Presidential Election of 1864
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3267:impeachment managers investigation
1646:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry
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3353:Reconstruction military districts
1801:Abolitionism in the United States
1756:Plantations in the American South
1671:Origins of the American Civil War
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1236:, pp. 127, 136–138, 145–150.
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3336:Enforcement Act of February 1871
3309:Pulaski (Tennessee) riot of 1867
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880:Civil War Defenses of Washington
849:Civil War Defenses of Washington
847:under the administration of the
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436:. They then turned east towards
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122:
4121:New York City Gold Hoax of 1864
3983:When Johnny Comes Marching Home
3544:Wilmington insurrection of 1898
1447:The Civil War Battlefield Guide
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1315:Silver Spring and the Civil War
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575:needs additional citations for
3224:Southern Homestead Act of 1866
1516:Battleground National Cemetery
895:Battleground National Cemetery
853:Battleground National Cemetery
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4234:Brightwood (Washington, D.C.)
3639:Ladies' Memorial Associations
3341:Enforcement Act of April 1871
3237:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
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1383:Cooling, Benjamin F. (1989).
1251:Monocacy National Battlefield
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3772:Confederate revolving cannon
3514:Sons of Confederate Veterans
3385:South Carolina riots of 1876
3363:Indian Council at Fort Smith
3314:South Carolina riots of 1876
3279:Knights of the White Camelia
1771:Slavery in the United States
1444:Kennedy, Francis H. (1998).
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4126:New York City riots of 1863
3951:Battle Hymn of the Republic
3702:United Confederate Veterans
3539:Children of the Confederacy
3529:United Confederate Veterans
3524:Southern Historical Society
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2156:Price's Missouri Expedition
1626:Timeline leading to the War
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1480:Vandiver, Frank E. (1988).
1402:Cramer, John Henry (1948).
1222:. July 13, 1864. p. 2.
1220:The Washington Evening Star
1209:The Washington Evening Star
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818:Montgomery County, Maryland
712:Confederate order of battle
411:Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
401:, with orders to clear the
358:and the strong defenses of
23:Bombardment of Fort Stevens
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4094:Confederate Secret Service
3682:Grand Army of the Republic
3574:Grand Army of the Republic
3392:Southern Claims Commission
1506:The Battle of Fort Stevens
1364:Bernstein, Steven (2011).
836:Battlefield and cemeteries
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629:Christopher Columbus Augur
69:July 11–12, 1864
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4244:1864 in the United States
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4082:Confederate States dollar
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3893:Habeas Corpus Act of 1863
3888:Emancipation Proclamation
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3782:Medal of Honor recipients
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3670:Confederate Memorial Hall
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3425:Civil War Discovery Trail
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1355:Alvord, Henry E. (1897).
1335:– via Google Books.
1312:Oshel, Robert E. (2014).
843:is now maintained by the
758:Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.
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391:Army of Northern Virginia
345:Alexander McDowell McCook
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4249:Valley campaigns of 1864
4156:U.S. Sanitary Commission
4067:Battlefield preservation
3973:Marching Through Georgia
3898:Hampton Roads Conference
3873:Confiscation Act of 1862
3868:Confiscation Act of 1861
3644:U.S. national cemeteries
3450:Confederate Memorial Day
3435:Civil War Trails Program
3304:New Orleans riot of 1866
1302:, pp. 237–238, 245.
694:
325:Valley campaigns of 1864
50:Officers and men of the
4077:Confederate war finance
3697:Southern Cross of Honor
3665:1938 Gettysburg reunion
3660:1913 Gettysburg reunion
3358:Reconstruction Treaties
3331:Enforcement Act of 1870
3214:Freedman's Savings Bank
1831:Lane Debates on Slavery
1656:Lincoln–Douglas debates
1200:Washington Evening Star
1129:, pp. 97–102, 127.
1066:, pp. 38, 86, 104.
861:Silver Spring, Maryland
556:Union command structure
381:was dispatched by Gen.
377:In June 1864, Lt. Gen.
4136:Richmond riots of 1863
4062:Baltimore riot of 1861
3842:U.S. Military Railroad
3762:Confederate Home Guard
3494:Historiographic issues
3460:Historical reenactment
1959:Revenue Cutter Service
1826:William Lloyd Garrison
1735:Dred Scott v. Sandford
1421:Judge, Joseph (1994).
813:
805:
790:
729:
639:called upon Maj. Gen.
514:
491:
420:After driving off the
310:Battle of Fort Stevens
153:Commanders and leaders
31:Battle of Fort Stevens
4101:Great Revival of 1863
3978:Maryland, My Maryland
3767:Confederate railroads
3430:Civil War Roundtables
3299:Meridian riot of 1871
3294:Memphis riots of 1866
1851:George Luther Stearns
1836:Elijah Parish Lovejoy
1729:Crittenden Compromise
868:Rev. James B. Avirett
845:National Park Service
811:
800:
782:
774:Veteran Reserve Corps
724:
710:Further information:
701:Union order of battle
699:Further information:
625:Battle of Chickamauga
512:
505:Defense of Washington
489:induced to attack us.
486:
422:Army of West Virginia
327:between forces under
192:Casualties and losses
3988:Daar kom die Alibama
3903:National Union Party
3579:memorials to Lincoln
3499:Lost Cause mythology
3204:Eufaula riot of 1874
3192:Confederate refugees
2405:District of Columbia
2032:Union naval blockade
1878:Underground Railroad
1666:Nullification crisis
1141:, pp. 117, 123.
584:improve this article
543:8th Illinois Cavalry
537:as commander of the
535:Christopher C. Augur
528:Northwest Washington
499:Southeast Washington
94:District of Columbia
4146:Supreme Court cases
3913:Radical Republicans
3692:Old soldiers' homes
3676:Confederate Veteran
3602:artworks in Capitol
3321:Reconstruction acts
3182:Colfax riot of 1873
2146:Richmond-Petersburg
1751:Fugitive slave laws
1681:Popular sovereignty
1661:Missouri Compromise
1651:Kansas-Nebraska Act
1544:38.9641°N 77.0288°W
1540: /
1290:, pp. 184–187.
1257:on December 8, 2015
1177:, pp. 142–143.
955:, pp. 278–279.
649:Montgomery C. Meigs
621:Alexander M. McCook
430:Battle of Lynchburg
272:Heaton's Crossroads
159:Alexander M. McCook
3967:A Lincoln Portrait
3908:Politicians killed
3832:U.S. Balloon Corps
3827:Union corps badges
3607:memorials to Davis
3477:Disenfranchisement
3348:Reconstruction era
3229:Timber Culture Act
3187:Compromise of 1877
2151:Franklin–Nashville
1821:Frederick Douglass
1724:Cornerstone Speech
1641:Compromise of 1850
1589:American Civil War
830:Leesburg, Virginia
820:, and crossed the
814:
806:
778:Elisha Hunt Rhodes
772:' brigade and two
742:Martin D. Hardin's
730:
641:Quincy A. Gillmore
515:
454:Battle of Monocacy
399:Richmond, Virginia
332:Lieutenant General
314:American Civil War
147:Confederate States
38:American Civil War
4239:Conflicts in 1864
4221:
4220:
4189:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4019:Italian Americans
4004:African Americans
3961:John Brown's Body
3714:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3627:
3626:
3465:Robert E. Lee Day
3209:Freedmen's Bureau
3172:Brooks–Baxter War
3103:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3095:
3094:
2887:
2886:
2667:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2076:Northern Virginia
2022:Trans-Mississippi
1995:
1994:
1890:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1782:Uncle Tom's Cabin
1719:African Americans
1549:38.9641; -77.0288
1491:978-0-8032-9610-7
1474:978-0-312-38223-0
1413:978-0-5983-6703-7
1375:978-0-7864-5861-5
1189:, pp. 91–93.
1165:, pp. 73–74.
1153:, pp. 68–69.
1042:, pp. 45–55.
667:—including
616:
615:
608:
478:Horatio G. Wright
450:James B. Ricketts
403:Shenandoah Valley
356:Horatio G. Wright
305:
304:
282:Rutherford's Farm
212:
211:
163:Horatio G. Wright
111:
110:
90:Washington County
4276:
4269:July 1864 events
4211:
4201:
4200:
4024:Native Americans
4009:German Americans
3802:Partisan rangers
3797:Official Records
3737:
3736:
3720:
3719:
3612:memorials to Lee
3559:
3558:
3120:
3119:
3109:
3108:
2896:
2895:
2693:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2673:
2672:
2646:Washington, D.C.
2440:Indian Territory
2400:Dakota Territory
2358:
2357:
2275:Chancellorsville
2066:Jackson's Valley
2056:Blockade runners
1932:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1896:
1895:
1856:Thaddeus Stevens
1846:Lysander Spooner
1806:Susan B. Anthony
1608:
1607:
1597:
1596:
1582:
1575:
1568:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1533:
1495:
1461:
1440:
1428:
1417:
1398:
1379:
1360:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1253:. Archived from
1243:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1223:
1212:
1211:. July 12, 1864.
1196:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1091:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1006:, pp. 8–11.
1001:
995:
989:
983:
977:
968:
962:
956:
950:
920:Fort Bunker Hill
735:Montgomery Blair
673:Martin D. Hardin
637:Henry W. Halleck
611:
604:
600:
597:
591:
568:
560:
476:under Maj. Gen.
424:under Maj. Gen.
415:Ulysses S. Grant
321:Washington, D.C.
252:
250:
238:
231:
224:
215:
214:
145:
144:
128:
126:
125:
80:
78:
74:
63:
62:
48:
28:
27:
4284:
4283:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4274:
4273:
4224:
4223:
4222:
4217:
4181:
4165:
4050:
4014:Irish Americans
3992:
3937:
3846:
3837:U.S. Home Guard
3777:Field artillery
3731:
3730:
3706:
3648:
3623:
3585:
3554:
3548:
3440:Civil War Trust
3407:
3401:
3289:Ethnic violence
3274:Kirk–Holden war
3153:
3114:
3091:
3025:
2883:
2827:
2680:
2655:
2609:
2362:
2349:
2180:
2161:Sherman's March
2141:Bermuda Hundred
2036:
1991:
1963:
1919:
1918:
1882:
1841:J. Sella Martin
1811:James G. Birney
1787:
1705:
1631:Bleeding Kansas
1619:
1602:
1591:
1586:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1510:Civil War Trust
1502:
1492:
1464:Leepson, Marc.
1458:
1437:
1414:
1395:
1376:
1345:
1340:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1310:
1306:
1298:
1294:
1286:
1282:
1274:
1270:
1260:
1258:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1232:
1228:
1214:
1203:
1197:
1193:
1185:
1181:
1173:
1169:
1161:
1157:
1149:
1145:
1137:
1133:
1125:
1121:
1113:
1109:
1101:
1094:
1086:
1082:
1074:
1070:
1062:
1058:
1050:
1046:
1038:
1034:
1026:
1022:
1014:
1010:
1002:
998:
990:
986:
978:
971:
963:
959:
951:
947:
943:
885:Rock Creek Park
876:
838:
795:
768:, supported by
719:
714:
708:
703:
697:
692:
690:Opposing forces
612:
601:
595:
592:
581:
569:
558:
550:John G. Barnard
526:in present-day
507:
375:
367:Abraham Lincoln
306:
301:
253:
248:
246:
244:
242:
167:Abraham Lincoln
165:
161:
139:
123:
121:
96:
76:
72:
70:
49:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4282:
4272:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4215:
4205:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4173:
4171:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4163:
4161:Women soldiers
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4116:Naming the war
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4097:
4096:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4058:
4056:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4000:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3947:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3752:Campaign Medal
3749:
3743:
3741:
3733:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3727:Related topics
3724:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3641:
3635:
3633:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3593:
3591:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3565:
3563:
3556:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3474:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3455:Decoration Day
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3411:
3409:
3408:Reconstruction
3403:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3264:
3262:second inquiry
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3226:
3219:Homestead Acts
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3167:Alabama Claims
3163:
3161:
3159:Reconstruction
3155:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3147:15th Amendment
3144:
3142:14th Amendment
3139:
3137:13th Amendment
3128:
3126:
3116:
3115:
3105:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2902:
2900:
2893:
2889:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2768:J. E. Johnston
2765:
2763:A. S. Johnston
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2703:R. H. Anderson
2699:
2697:
2690:
2682:
2681:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2565:South Carolina
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2540:North Carolina
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2366:
2364:
2355:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2265:Fredericksburg
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2205:Wilson's Creek
2202:
2197:
2191:
2189:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2047:
2045:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2017:Lower Seaboard
2014:
2009:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1973:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1940:
1938:
1929:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1873:Harriet Tubman
1870:
1869:
1868:
1861:Charles Sumner
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1797:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1715:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1696:States' rights
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1611:
1604:
1603:
1593:
1592:
1585:
1584:
1577:
1570:
1562:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1501:
1500:External links
1498:
1497:
1496:
1490:
1477:
1462:
1456:
1441:
1435:
1418:
1412:
1399:
1393:
1380:
1374:
1361:
1352:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1324:
1304:
1292:
1280:
1278:, p. 171.
1268:
1238:
1226:
1191:
1179:
1167:
1163:Bernstein 2011
1155:
1151:Bernstein 2011
1143:
1131:
1119:
1117:, p. 219.
1107:
1105:, p. 218.
1092:
1090:, p. 217.
1080:
1078:, p. 216.
1068:
1056:
1044:
1040:Bernstein 2011
1032:
1030:, p. 201.
1020:
1008:
996:
994:, p. 151.
984:
982:, p. 309.
969:
965:Bernstein 2011
957:
944:
942:
939:
938:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
875:
872:
857:Georgia Avenue
837:
834:
824:on July 13 at
794:
791:
770:Oliver Edwards
766:Daniel Bidwell
718:
715:
707:
704:
696:
693:
691:
688:
614:
613:
572:
570:
563:
557:
554:
524:Soldier's Home
506:
503:
409:; disrupt the
374:
371:
364:U.S. President
303:
302:
300:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
258:
255:
254:
241:
240:
233:
226:
218:
210:
209:
200:
194:
193:
189:
188:
185:
181:
180:
176:
175:
170:
155:
154:
150:
149:
137:
118:
117:
113:
112:
109:
108:
102:
98:
97:
88:
86:
82:
81:
67:
59:
58:
41:
40:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4281:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4204:
4196:
4195:
4192:
4178:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4168:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4131:Photographers
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4106:Gender issues
4104:
4102:
4099:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4090:
4087:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4053:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3940:
3934:
3933:War Democrats
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3923:Union Leagues
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3822:Turning point
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3792:Naval battles
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3726:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3651:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3620:
3617:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3560:
3557:
3555:and memorials
3551:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3415:Commemoration
3413:
3412:
3410:
3404:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3257:first inquiry
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3235:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3177:Carpetbaggers
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3110:
3106:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2894:
2890:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2674:
2670:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2600:West Virginia
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2520:New Hampshire
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2480:Massachusetts
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2359:
2356:
2352:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2220:Hampton Roads
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2210:Fort Donelson
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2106:Morgan's Raid
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2051:Anaconda Plan
2049:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2027:Pacific Coast
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1761:Positive good
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1676:Panic of 1857
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1636:Border states
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1583:
1578:
1576:
1571:
1569:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1493:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1457:0-395-74012-6
1453:
1449:
1448:
1442:
1438:
1436:1-883522-00-5
1432:
1427:
1426:
1419:
1415:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1394:0-933852-86-X
1390:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1331:September 13,
1327:
1325:9781626194175
1321:
1317:
1316:
1308:
1301:
1296:
1289:
1284:
1277:
1276:Vandiver 1988
1272:
1261:September 20,
1256:
1252:
1248:
1242:
1235:
1230:
1221:
1217:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1195:
1188:
1183:
1176:
1171:
1164:
1159:
1152:
1147:
1140:
1135:
1128:
1123:
1116:
1111:
1104:
1099:
1097:
1089:
1084:
1077:
1072:
1065:
1060:
1054:, p. 32.
1053:
1048:
1041:
1036:
1029:
1024:
1017:
1012:
1005:
1000:
993:
988:
981:
976:
974:
967:, p. 70.
966:
961:
954:
949:
945:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
925:Fort Saratoga
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
877:
871:
869:
864:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
833:
831:
827:
826:White's Ferry
823:
822:Potomac River
819:
810:
804:
799:
789:
787:
781:
779:
775:
771:
767:
761:
759:
753:
750:
746:
743:
738:
736:
728:
723:
713:
702:
687:
684:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
610:
607:
599:
589:
585:
579:
578:
573:This section
571:
567:
562:
561:
553:
551:
546:
544:
540:
536:
531:
529:
525:
521:
520:U.S. Congress
511:
502:
500:
496:
490:
485:
483:
479:
475:
471:
466:
463:
462:Silver Spring
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
383:Robert E. Lee
380:
370:
368:
365:
361:
357:
353:
348:
346:
343:
342:Major General
340:
336:
333:
330:
326:
323:, during the
322:
319:
315:
311:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
259:
256:
251:
239:
234:
232:
227:
225:
220:
219:
216:
208:
204:
201:
199:
196:
195:
190:
186:
183:
182:
177:
174:
171:
168:
164:
160:
157:
156:
151:
148:
143:
138:
135:
131:
130:United States
120:
119:
114:
106:
103:
100:
99:
95:
91:
87:
84:
83:
68:
65:
64:
60:
57:
53:
47:
42:
39:
34:
29:
24:
19:
4072:Bibliography
4055:Other topics
3997:By ethnicity
3965:
3918:Trent Affair
3817:Signal Corps
3674:
3397:White League
3284:Ku Klux Klan
3197:Confederados
3124:Constitution
2996:D. D. Porter
2849:Breckinridge
2560:Rhode Island
2555:Pennsylvania
2310:Spotsylvania
2270:Stones River
2250:2nd Bull Run
2200:1st Bull Run
2086:Stones River
1987:Marine Corps
1954:Marine Corps
1793:Abolitionism
1780:
1733:
1525:
1481:
1465:
1446:
1424:
1403:
1384:
1365:
1356:
1343:Bibliography
1329:. Retrieved
1314:
1307:
1300:Cooling 1989
1295:
1288:Cooling 1989
1283:
1271:
1259:. Retrieved
1255:the original
1250:
1241:
1234:Cooling 1989
1229:
1219:
1208:
1199:
1194:
1182:
1175:Cooling 1989
1170:
1158:
1146:
1139:Cooling 1989
1134:
1127:Cooling 1989
1122:
1110:
1083:
1071:
1064:Cooling 1989
1059:
1047:
1035:
1023:
1016:Cooling 1989
1011:
1004:Cooling 1989
999:
992:Cooling 1989
987:
980:Kennedy 1998
960:
953:Cooling 1989
948:
935:Fort Lincoln
915:Fort Slemmer
890:Fort Stevens
865:
841:Fort Stevens
839:
815:
786:Fort Stevens
783:
762:
754:
739:
731:
685:
677:Fort DeRussy
669:Fort Stevens
665:Fort DeRussy
653:Fort Lincoln
617:
602:
593:
582:Please help
577:verification
574:
547:
532:
516:
492:
487:
482:James Seddon
467:
458:
426:David Hunter
419:
387:Second Corps
376:
360:Fort Stevens
349:
309:
307:
292:Folck's Mill
287:Kernstown II
267:Fort Stevens
266:
245:Early's Raid
206:
202:
197:
116:Belligerents
56:Fort Stevens
36:Part of the
18:
3878:Copperheads
3590:Confederate
3482:Black Codes
2808:E. K. Smith
2689:Confederate
2636:New Orleans
2631:Chattanooga
2495:Mississippi
2395:Connecticut
2363:territories
2354:Involvement
2315:Cold Harbor
2305:Fort Pillow
2295:Chattanooga
2290:Chickamauga
2240:Seven Pines
2230:New Orleans
2195:Fort Sumter
2136:Valley 1864
1969:Confederacy
1766:Slave Power
1746:Fire-Eaters
1547: /
1187:Cramer 1948
1052:Alvord 1897
930:Fort Thayer
910:Fort Totten
905:Fort Slocum
706:Confederate
681:Fort Sumner
661:Fort Totten
657:Fort Totten
442:Lew Wallace
395:Confederate
379:Jubal Early
352:White House
335:Jubal Early
329:Confederate
277:Cool Spring
173:Jubal Early
4228:Categories
4111:Juneteenth
3632:Cemeteries
3509:Red Shirts
3420:Centennial
3370:Red Shirts
2778:Longstreet
2708:Beauregard
2651:Winchester
2626:Charleston
2595:Washington
2530:New Mexico
2525:New Jersey
2385:California
2361:States and
2345:Five Forks
2330:Mobile Bay
2300:Wilderness
2280:Gettysburg
2260:Perryville
2245:Seven Days
2176:Appomattox
2101:Gettysburg
2061:New Mexico
1928:Combatants
1903:Combatants
1816:John Brown
1535:77°01′44″W
1532:38°57′51″N
1115:Judge 1994
1103:Judge 1994
1088:Judge 1994
1076:Judge 1994
1028:Judge 1994
941:References
780:recalled:
749:XXII Corps
633:XXII Corps
539:XXII Corps
495:steamships
434:Sharpsburg
428:after the
373:Background
297:Moorefield
169:(observer)
77:1864-07-12
73:1864-07-11
4089:Espionage
3883:Diplomacy
3851:Political
3807:POW camps
3553:Monuments
3380:Scalawags
3375:Redeemers
3113:Aftermath
3062:Pinkerton
3001:Rosecrans
2966:McClellan
2869:Memminger
2605:Wisconsin
2570:Tennessee
2490:Minnesota
2465:Louisiana
2340:Nashville
2285:Vicksburg
2215:Pea Ridge
2166:Carolinas
2121:Red River
2116:Knoxville
2096:Tullahoma
2091:Vicksburg
2071:Peninsula
2043:campaigns
1909:Campaigns
1686:Secession
1348:National
793:Aftermath
645:XIX Corps
596:July 2022
474:XIX Corps
438:Frederick
393:from the
385:with the
318:Northwest
4203:Category
4044:Seminole
4034:Cherokee
3787:Medicine
3740:Military
3653:Veterans
3487:Jim Crow
3252:timeline
3047:Ericsson
3030:Civilian
3011:Sheridan
2971:McDowell
2931:Farragut
2916:Burnside
2906:Anderson
2899:Military
2879:Stephens
2839:Benjamin
2832:Civilian
2718:Buchanan
2696:Military
2641:Richmond
2590:Virginia
2535:New York
2510:Nebraska
2500:Missouri
2485:Michigan
2475:Maryland
2460:Kentucky
2435:Illinois
2410:Delaware
2390:Colorado
2375:Arkansas
2335:Franklin
2255:Antietam
2126:Overland
2081:Maryland
2000:Theaters
1906:Theaters
874:See also
745:division
470:VI Corps
446:VI Corps
407:Maryland
262:Monocacy
179:Strength
85:Location
75: –
4170:Related
4039:Choctaw
4029:Catawba
3812:Rations
3757:Cavalry
3619:Removal
3247:efforts
3231:of 1873
3077:Stevens
3072:Stanton
3057:Lincoln
3016:Sherman
2951:Halleck
2941:Frémont
2926:Du Pont
2864:Mallory
2823:Wheeler
2758:Jackson
2738:Forrest
2678:Leaders
2621:Atlanta
2585:Vermont
2505:Montana
2445:Indiana
2420:Georgia
2415:Florida
2380:Arizona
2370:Alabama
2320:Atlanta
2235:Corinth
2187:battles
2131:Atlanta
2111:Bristoe
2012:Western
2007:Eastern
1912:Battles
1711:Slavery
1615:Origins
1601:Origins
747:of the
389:of the
312:was an
205:–
107:victory
71: (
4213:Portal
4151:Tokens
3087:Welles
3067:Seward
3052:Hamlin
3021:Thomas
2956:Hooker
2921:Butler
2874:Seddon
2859:Hunter
2844:Bocock
2818:Taylor
2813:Stuart
2803:Semmes
2783:Morgan
2743:Gorgas
2723:Cooper
2614:Cities
2550:Oregon
2515:Nevada
2455:Kansas
2425:Hawaii
2325:Crater
2225:Shiloh
2185:Major
2171:Mobile
2041:Major
1915:States
1866:Caning
1488:
1472:
1454:
1433:
1410:
1391:
1372:
1322:
717:Battle
187:10,000
127:
101:Result
3956:Dixie
3943:Music
3562:Union
3406:Post-
3242:trial
3042:Chase
3037:Adams
3006:Scott
2981:Meigs
2976:Meade
2946:Grant
2936:Foote
2911:Buell
2892:Union
2854:Davis
2798:Price
2788:Mosby
2733:Ewell
2728:Early
2713:Bragg
2575:Texas
2470:Maine
2430:Idaho
1936:Union
828:into
695:Union
339:Union
184:9,600
134:Union
105:Union
4141:Salt
3747:Arms
3597:List
3569:List
3082:Wade
2991:Pope
2961:Hunt
2793:Polk
2753:Hood
2748:Hill
2580:Utah
2545:Ohio
2450:Iowa
1982:Navy
1977:Army
1949:Navy
1944:Army
1486:ISBN
1470:ISBN
1452:ISBN
1431:ISBN
1408:ISBN
1389:ISBN
1370:ISBN
1333:2023
1320:ISBN
1263:2015
866:The
493:The
472:and
337:and
308:The
66:Date
2986:Ord
2773:Lee
679:to
663:to
655:to
586:by
347:.
207:500
203:400
198:373
54:at
4230::
1249:.
1224:).
1218:.
1207:.
1095:^
972:^
456:.
92:,
1581:e
1574:t
1567:v
1512:)
1494:.
1476:.
1460:.
1439:.
1416:.
1397:.
1378:.
1265:.
609:)
603:(
598:)
594:(
580:.
237:e
230:t
223:v
136:)
132:(
79:)
25:.
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