1576:
therefore decided to take the offensive and attack the leading elements of the
Rashidun army well forward of the city and attempt to defeat them before they could be joined by the main body. With this plan in mind, Menas attacked the Mobile Guard at Hazir with a force whose strength was about 7,000 men; in this effort, he either did not know that Khalid was present with the leading elements of the Muslim army or did not believe all that he had heard about Khalid ibn Walid.
1458:
1579:
According to Peter
Crawford, the numbers recorded for the subsequent Battle of Hazir are disputed. Due to the mass evacuation of Syria ordered by Heraclius, it would be surprising if Menas had even a tenth of this recorded figure, while it is somewhat unlikely Abu Ubayda and Khalid would have as many
1588:
The battle began on a plain three miles east of
Qinnasrin at Al-Hadher, which was a farming village. Khalid deployed his Mobile Guard into its fighting formation for battle. Menas arranged his army in one center and two wings and was himself in the front ranks leading the army like Khalid. Soon
1575:
The
Byzantine garrison commander at Qinnasrin was a general named Menas, a distinguished soldier who was loved by his men. Menas knew that if he stayed in Qinnasrin, he would be besieged by the Rashidun army and would eventually have to surrender, as he could expect no help from the emperor. He
1620:
Without further delay, Qinnasrin surrendered to Khalid. The Battle of Hazir and the surrender of
Qinnasrin took place in about June, 637. When Caliph Umar received reports of the Battle of Hazir, he made no attempt to conceal his admiration for the military genius of Khalid. Umar exclaimed:
1572:, which welcomed his return. His next objective was Qinnasrin which was approached with Khalid and the Mobile Guard in the lead. After a few days the Mobile Guard reached Hazir, three miles east of Qinnasrin, where it was attacked in strength by the Byzantines.
1592:
At that time, Khalid took a cavalry regiment and maneuvered from a wing to attack the
Byzantine army from the rear. Soon the entire Roman army was encircled and defeated. It is said that Menas and his garrison had never suffered such a severe defeat.
1589:
fierce clashes broke out at Hazir. The battle was still in its early stages when Menas was killed. As the news of his death spread among his men, the
Byzantine soldiers went wild with fury and savagely attacked to avenge their leader's death.
1612:
At
Qinnasrin, the part of the Roman garrison which had not accompanied Menas to Hazir shut itself up in the fort. As soon as Khalid arrived, he sent a message to the garrison:
366:
1047:
223:
1132:
318:
308:
1127:
1354:
1863:
1117:
1097:
359:
1868:
1853:
1633:
This was Umar's first admission that perhaps he had not judged Khalid rightly after he had dismissed Khalid from the command of the Muslim army.
1040:
264:
274:
216:
279:
352:
323:
313:
1137:
1092:
1033:
303:
259:
209:
1537:
proceeded to
Caesarea and once again laid siege to the port city. Commanders Amr bin al-A’as and Sharhabeel marched to reoccupy
74:
1883:
1605:
and had no intention of opposing him. Khalid accepted their surrender and advanced to
Qinnasrin. In another account, however,
1367:
19:
This article is about a battle between the Muslims and the Byzantines. For the battle between the Umayyads and the Alids, see
1878:
1807:
623:
608:
1756:
The History of Al-Tabari Vol. 12 The Battle of Al-Qadisiyyah and the Conquest of Syria and Palestine A.D. 635-637/A.H. 14-15
328:
289:
1858:
1057:
665:
650:
1815:
333:
1609:
suggested that Khalid killed some of the townspeople although Yohann Friedmann, the translator of Tabari did not agree.
233:
1601:
As soon as the battle was over, the people of Hazir came out of their town to greet Khalid. They pleaded that they were
1726:
982:
706:
1764:
1505:
1487:
1479:
1332:
492:
886:
814:
748:
713:
1736:
1483:
1297:
962:
563:
447:
1754:
1254:
1000:
957:
866:
856:
415:
254:
551:
1836:
Zubdat al-Halab fi ta'arikh Halab (زبدة الحلب في تأريخ حلب; The cream of the history of Aleppo) written by
896:
398:
1075:
763:
1387:
1267:
1172:
881:
718:
422:
1546:
1382:
1184:
836:
702:
541:
536:
507:
296:
1468:
1307:
1277:
585:
570:
524:
462:
452:
269:
35:
1472:
1374:
1302:
891:
841:
794:
778:
773:
738:
487:
457:
376:
247:
40:
1272:
977:
922:
851:
680:
613:
427:
1347:
1317:
1222:
1082:
1014:
995:
804:
753:
743:
695:
685:
628:
502:
472:
1534:
1362:
1337:
952:
942:
871:
783:
655:
531:
512:
482:
8:
1392:
1122:
1087:
1062:
932:
826:
517:
393:
143:
1616:"If you were in the clouds, Allah would raise us to you or lower you to us for battle."
1538:
1287:
1232:
1217:
831:
690:
633:
437:
126:
1803:
1760:
1732:
1327:
1152:
1112:
1102:
590:
575:
1550:
1437:
1292:
1242:
1237:
1227:
1207:
1202:
1192:
1162:
1157:
1107:
1025:
1005:
972:
947:
876:
861:
846:
799:
789:
768:
728:
723:
660:
645:
546:
442:
408:
149:
131:
20:
1413:
1282:
1262:
1247:
1197:
1177:
1167:
927:
809:
675:
670:
580:
432:
403:
1421:
1322:
1312:
1212:
909:
759:
618:
601:
477:
467:
1847:
1825:
1425:
917:
733:
89:
76:
1873:
1580:
men as this with the detachment of the corps of Yazid, Shurahbil, and Amr.
1429:
165:
1837:
1606:
556:
284:
1144:
344:
201:
1554:
1519:
1433:
64:
1678:
1457:
1626:
1561:
990:
597:
109:
16:
637 CE conflict between the Rashidun Caliphate and Byzantine Empire
1718:
The War of the Three Gods: Romans, Persians and the Rise of Islam
1530:
1800:
The Sword of Allah: Khalid bin al-Waleed, His Life and Campaigns
1565:
1542:
1523:
1668:
1666:
1441:
68:
1663:
1602:
1569:
1526:
1625:"Khalid is truly the commander, May Allah have mercy upon
1695:
1693:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1780:
1684:
1728:
The History of Al-Tabari Vol. 3 The Children of Israel
1690:
1642:
1055:
183:70,000 (Muslim source) ~7,000 (Modern estimate)
1629:. He was a better judge of men than I have been."
1432:. It took place in June 637, three miles east of
1845:
1545:, which was completed by the end of the year.
309:Conquest of Isfahan & Tabaristan (642–643)
1041:
360:
217:
1802:, Nat. Publishing. House, Rawalpindi (1970)
1781:ʻUmar ibn Aḥmad Ibn al-Adim, Kamal al-Din.
1553:, with an army of 17,000 men, set off from
1486:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1048:
1034:
367:
353:
224:
210:
1752:
1724:
1699:
1672:
1506:Learn how and when to remove this message
319:Conquest of Kerman & Makran (643–644)
1864:Battles involving the Rashidun Caliphate
1715:
1657:
1814:Muhammad Ubaid al-Rifai, Mansur (207).
374:
231:
1854:Battles involving the Byzantine Empire
1846:
1791:
1029:
348:
205:
1484:adding citations to reliable sources
1451:
1783:Zubdat al-Halab fi ta'arikh Halab I
1417:
297:Conquest of Sassanid Persian Empire
270:Conquest of Armenia (638 & 644)
265:Campaigns in Eastern Anatolia (638)
13:
1869:Battles of the Arab–Byzantine wars
1557:to conquer all of northern Syria.
14:
1895:
1529:went back to his capital city of
1375:Campaigns in Armenia and Anatolia
280:Conquest of Lower Egypt (641–642)
275:Conquest of Upper Egypt (640–641)
1817:Ra'd al-Shabaab Khalid bin Walid
1456:
248:Conquest of Eastern Roman Empire
260:Conquest of Palestine (635–636)
334:Conquest of Khurasan (643–644)
290:Conquest of North Africa (643)
1:
1884:Muslim conquest of the Levant
1708:
1447:
1879:630s in the Byzantine Empire
1753:Al-Tabari, Muhammad (1992).
1725:Al-Tabari, Muhammad (1991).
1636:
1596:
329:Conquest of Azerbaijan (643)
324:Conquest of Sistan (643–644)
7:
1859:Battles of Khalid ibn Walid
1685:ʻUmar ibn Aḥmad Ibn al-Adim
1255:Conquest of Byzantine Syria
1185:Conquest of Sasanian Persia
764:Nikephoros Phokas the Elder
255:Conquest of Syria (634–637)
10:
1900:
304:Conquest of Iraq (636–637)
18:
1826:"بغية الطلب في تاريخ حلب"
1583:
1547:Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah
1420:) took place between the
1072:
810:George Maniakes in Sicily
386:
285:Conquest of Bahnasa (639)
243:
187:
174:
159:
137:
120:
47:
33:
28:
1716:Crawford, Peter (2013).
1076:Campaigns under Muhammad
36:Muslim conquest of Syria
1564:, which was already in
1560:Abu Ubaidah marched to
180:17,000 (Muslim source)
1631:
1618:
1518:After the conquest of
1428:'s elite cavalry, the
314:Conquest of Fars (642)
138:Commanders and leaders
1623:
1614:
1093:Demolition of al-Uzza
188:Casualties and losses
90:35.99583°N 37.05750°E
1480:improve this section
1410:Ma'arakah al-Haadhir
903:Byzantine reconquest
1675:, pp. 178–179.
1568:hands, and then to
1363:Conquest of Bahnasa
1355:Campaigns in Africa
1064:Khalid ibn al-Walid
378:Arab–Byzantine wars
235:Wars of Caliph Umar
144:Khalid ibn al-Walid
86: /
41:Arab–Byzantine Wars
1832:. Muuqa Al-Warraq.
1792:General references
1133:2nd Dumatul Jandal
805:Straits of Messina
624:2nd Constantinople
609:1st Constantinople
127:Rashidun Caliphate
95:35.99583; 37.05750
1808:978-0-7101-0104-4
1516:
1515:
1508:
1401:
1400:
1023:
1022:
342:
341:
200:
199:
116:
115:
112:Caliphate victory
1891:
1833:
1821:
1820:. p. 254 }.
1786:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1721:
1720:. Pen and Sword.
1703:
1697:
1688:
1682:
1676:
1670:
1661:
1655:
1551:Khalid ibn Walid
1533:while Commander
1511:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1491:
1460:
1452:
1419:
1173:Dawmat al-Jandal
1067:
1065:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1027:
1026:
790:Marianos Argyros
666:Asia Minor (806)
651:Asia Minor (782)
640:Border conflicts
537:Babylon Fortress
381:
379:
369:
362:
355:
346:
345:
238:
236:
226:
219:
212:
203:
202:
154:
132:Byzantine Empire
101:
100:
98:
97:
96:
91:
87:
84:
83:
82:
79:
49:
48:
26:
25:
21:Battle of Khazir
1899:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1824:
1813:
1794:
1789:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1711:
1706:
1698:
1691:
1683:
1679:
1671:
1664:
1656:
1643:
1639:
1599:
1586:
1512:
1501:
1495:
1492:
1477:
1461:
1450:
1440:in present-day
1406:Battle of Hazir
1402:
1397:
1378:
1358:
1258:
1188:
1148:
1079:
1068:
1063:
1061:
1056:
1054:
1024:
1019:
867:Gulf of Corinth
389:Early conflicts
382:
377:
375:
373:
343:
338:
239:
234:
232:
230:
150:
94:
92:
88:
85:
80:
77:
75:
73:
72:
71:
38:
29:Battle of Hazir
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1897:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1841:
1840:
1834:
1822:
1811:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1778:
1765:
1759:. SUNY Press.
1750:
1737:
1731:. SUNY Press.
1722:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1700:Al-Tabari 1991
1689:
1677:
1673:Al-Tabari 1992
1662:
1660:, p. 149.
1640:
1638:
1635:
1598:
1595:
1585:
1582:
1514:
1513:
1464:
1462:
1455:
1449:
1446:
1422:Byzantine army
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1308:Maraj-al-Debaj
1305:
1300:
1298:Marj Al-Saffar
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1128:Dumatul Jandal
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1053:
1052:
1045:
1038:
1030:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1003:
998:
987:
986:
985:
980:
968:
967:
966:
965:
960:
955:
950:
938:
937:
936:
935:
930:
925:
913:
912:
910:John Kourkouas
900:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
818:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
760:Leo Apostyppes
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
707:Southern Italy
699:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
637:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
602:Constantinople
594:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
560:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
521:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
463:Maraj-al-Debaj
460:
455:
453:Sanita-al-Uqab
450:
448:Marj al-Saffar
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
412:
411:
406:
401:
396:
387:
384:
383:
372:
371:
364:
357:
349:
340:
339:
337:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
300:
299:
293:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
251:
250:
244:
241:
240:
229:
228:
221:
214:
206:
198:
197:
194:
190:
189:
185:
184:
181:
177:
176:
172:
171:
168:
162:
161:
160:Units involved
157:
156:
146:
140:
139:
135:
134:
129:
123:
122:
118:
117:
114:
113:
107:
103:
102:
63:
61:
57:
56:
53:
45:
44:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1896:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1830:islamport.com
1827:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1784:
1779:
1768:
1766:9780791407349
1762:
1758:
1757:
1751:
1740:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1713:
1702:, p. 98.
1701:
1696:
1694:
1687:, p. 26.
1686:
1681:
1674:
1669:
1667:
1659:
1658:Crawford 2013
1654:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1641:
1634:
1630:
1628:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1594:
1590:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1510:
1507:
1499:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1465:This section
1463:
1459:
1454:
1453:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1426:Rashidun army
1423:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1118:Banu Jadhimah
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1098:Banu Jadhimah
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1071:
1066:
1059:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
993:
992:
989:Campaigns of
988:
984:
981:
979:
976:
975:
974:
971:Campaigns of
970:
969:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
945:
944:
943:Nikephoros II
941:Campaigns of
940:
939:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
920:
919:
918:Sayf al-Dawla
916:Campaigns of
915:
914:
911:
908:Campaigns of
907:
906:
905:
904:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
824:
823:
822:
821:Naval warfare
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:Campaigns of
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
761:
758:Campaigns of
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
711:
710:
709:
708:
704:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
643:
642:
641:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
606:
605:
604:
603:
599:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
568:
567:
566:
565:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
529:
528:
527:
526:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
420:
419:
418:
417:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
391:
390:
385:
380:
370:
365:
363:
358:
356:
351:
350:
347:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
301:
298:
295:
294:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
252:
249:
246:
245:
242:
237:
227:
222:
220:
215:
213:
208:
207:
204:
195:
192:
191:
186:
182:
179:
178:
173:
169:
167:
164:
163:
158:
155:
153:
147:
145:
142:
141:
136:
133:
130:
128:
125:
124:
119:
111:
108:
105:
104:
99:
70:
66:
62:
59:
58:
54:
51:
50:
46:
42:
37:
32:
27:
22:
1829:
1816:
1799:
1798:Akram, A.I.
1782:
1770:. Retrieved
1755:
1742:. Retrieved
1727:
1717:
1680:
1632:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1600:
1591:
1587:
1578:
1574:
1559:
1517:
1502:
1493:
1478:Please help
1466:
1430:Mobile guard
1418:معركة الحاضر
1409:
1405:
1403:
1373:
1372:
1353:
1352:
1342:
1278:Al-Uqab Pass
1273:al-Qaryatayn
1253:
1252:
1183:
1182:
1143:
1142:
1074:
978:Alexandretta
902:
901:
882:Thessalonica
820:
819:
795:2nd Taormina
779:1st Taormina
749:3rd Syracuse
739:2nd Syracuse
714:1st Syracuse
701:
700:
681:Mauropotamos
639:
638:
614:Sebastopolis
596:
595:
564:North Africa
562:
561:
523:
522:
497:
428:al-Qaryatayn
414:
413:
388:
196:Entire Force
166:Mobile guard
151:
121:Belligerents
34:Part of the
1838:Ibn al-Adim
1607:Ibn al-Adim
1383:Iron Bridge
1318:Marj ar-Rum
1223:Ayn al-Tamr
1083:Hudaybiyyah
774:2nd Milazzo
769:1st Milazzo
754:Caltavuturo
696:Bathys Ryax
508:Iron Bridge
473:Marj ar-Rum
148:Menas
93: /
1848:Categories
1738:0791406873
1709:References
1496:April 2008
1448:Background
1393:Germanicia
1268:Marj Rahit
1145:Ridda Wars
1001:2nd Aleppo
872:Cephalonia
784:Garigliano
686:Faruriyyah
656:Kopidnadon
542:Alexandria
532:Heliopolis
518:Germanicia
503:1st Aleppo
423:Marj Rahit
416:The Levant
78:35°59′45″N
1637:Citations
1597:Aftermath
1555:Jerusalem
1539:Palestine
1520:Jerusalem
1467:does not
1438:Al-Hadher
1434:Qinnasrin
1368:Cyrenaica
1338:2nd Emesa
1333:Jerusalem
1058:Campaigns
948:5th Crete
933:Andrassos
892:4th Crete
887:3rd Crete
842:2nd Crete
837:1st Crete
815:2nd Malta
744:1st Malta
552:Darishkur
513:2nd Emesa
493:Jerusalem
81:37°3′27″E
65:Qinnasrin
1627:Abu Bakr
1562:Damascus
1424:and the
1303:Damascus
1288:Ajnadayn
1233:Muzayyah
1218:Al-Anbar
991:Basil II
852:Damietta
832:Keramaia
691:Lalakaon
634:Akroinon
598:Anatolia
586:Carthage
571:Sufetula
488:Laodicea
458:Damascus
438:Ajnadayn
175:Strength
110:Rashidun
60:Location
55:June 637
1772:21 June
1744:21 June
1531:Madinah
1488:removed
1473:sources
1388:Armenia
1328:Yarmouk
1153:Buzakha
996:Orontes
963:Antioch
958:Cilicia
877:Euripos
827:Phoenix
800:Rometta
729:Lentini
719:Messina
676:Amorium
646:Kamacha
591:Tabarka
576:Vescera
557:Bahnasa
483:Yarmouk
193:Minimal
170:Unknown
152:†
1806:
1763:
1735:
1584:Battle
1566:Muslim
1543:Jordan
1535:Yazeed
1524:Caliph
1414:Arabic
1348:Aleppo
1293:Yaqusa
1243:Zumail
1238:Saniyy
1228:Husayd
1208:Ullais
1203:Walaja
1193:Chains
1163:Yamama
1158:Ghamra
1138:Najran
1108:Hunayn
1088:Mu'tah
1006:Apamea
973:John I
953:Aleppo
923:Marash
862:Kardia
857:Ragusa
847:Thasos
762:&
724:Butera
703:Sicily
661:Krasos
629:Nicaea
600:&
547:Nikiou
443:Yaqusa
409:Dathin
394:Mu'tah
106:Result
1603:Arabs
1570:Emesa
1442:Syria
1343:Hazir
1323:Emesa
1283:Bosra
1263:Firaz
1248:Firaz
1198:River
1178:Naqra
1168:Zafar
1123:Tabuk
1113:Mecca
1103:Ta'if
983:Syria
928:Raban
671:Anzen
619:Tyana
581:Mamma
525:Egypt
498:Hazir
478:Emesa
433:Bosra
404:Firaz
399:Balqa
69:Syria
1804:ISBN
1774:2022
1761:ISBN
1746:2022
1733:ISBN
1549:and
1541:and
1527:Umar
1471:any
1469:cite
1404:The
1313:Fahl
1213:Hira
1015:Azaz
897:Tyre
734:Enna
705:and
468:Fahl
52:Date
1874:637
1482:by
1436:at
1408:or
1060:of
1850::
1828:.
1692:^
1665:^
1644:^
1522:,
1444:.
1416::
67:,
1810:.
1785:.
1776:.
1748:.
1509:)
1503:(
1498:)
1494:(
1490:.
1476:.
1412:(
1049:e
1042:t
1035:v
368:e
361:t
354:v
225:e
218:t
211:v
43:)
39:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.