901:
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1406:
102:
41:
1949:
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240:
222:
207:
193:
117:
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931:. It was a bloody struggle, with soldiers often engaging in close quarters combat and fighting with whatever they had at hand. The ferocious ground and air bombardment transformed the hill's landscape, eliminating all trees and reducing its height by 2 meters: its present day altitude is 729 meters.
881:
assault unit from the Siena
Division, the Italians seized a portion of Hill 731 but were soon pushed back by a Greek counter-attack. Attacks, preceded by intense artillery bombardments, followed daily until 24 March, without achieving any result. Mussolini was forced to admit that the result of the
872:
Division. The
Italian offensive halted between 16–18 March, allowing the Greeks to bring reserves forward and begin a gradual reshuffle of their line, relieving the 1st Division with the 17th. The Italian offensive resumed on 19 March with another attack of the Siena Division on Hill 731 (the 18th
843:
in person, was launched on 9 March with a heavy artillery barrage and air bombardment; on the main sector, held by the Greek 1st
Division, over 100,000 shells were dropped on a 6 km front. Despite repeated assaults and heavy shelling that dug up the soil, the defenders of Hill 731 held during
694:
By the end of 1940, the Greek command decided to halt large-scale offensive operations in the
Albanian front, authorizing only local offensive operations for improving Greek lines until the weather improved. In effect, during the first months of 1941, the fighting had turned to a stalemate. In the
942:
forces based in Egypt, in anticipation of the German invasion. Greek forces were outnumbered and most troops were still at the
Albanian front. The Bulgarian defensive line did not receive adequate reinforcements and was soon overrun. The Germans outflanked the Greek forces on the Albanian border,
859:
of the 26th Legion on 11 March ended in
Italian defeat. In the afternoon of the 12 March, the Greeks reinforced the defending units with the entire 19th Regiment of the 4th Division; Hill 731 was now defended by the III/19 Battalion under the command of Captain
3493:
2135:
785:. During the preceding months and in anticipation of an attack, the Greek troops had been ordered to dig entrenchments to provide cover. The Italian Division to assault Hill 731 was Puglie. Hill 731 was defended by the 2nd Battalion of the Greek
820:
expeditionary force, which would have been inadequate to defend Greece against the
Germans but sufficient to provide them with a casus belli. Their opposition led to their dismissal on the next day and their retirement on the day after that.
3129:
2383:
699:, envisioned a large-scale attack on a narrow, 32 km front in the centre of the Greek positions. The aim of the Italian attack was to break through the Greek lines, recapture Klisura, and advance towards
2306:
2147:
676:, stood at the heart of the Greek defensive line. Despite being repeatedly and heavily attacked by superior Italian forces for over two weeks, Hill 731 was not captured, contributing to the failure of the
3026:
2982:
2813:
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9–15 March. With the support of the Greek artillery, they managed to take advantage of the terrain and launch counterattacks. Greek riflemen charged at the oncoming
Italians with fixed
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spring of 1941, the
Italian leadership desired to achieve a success against the Greek army before the impending German intervention. The plan, devised by General
2333:
521:
852:, after the bombardment gave an order for every soldier to stand his ground no matter what, and promised to personally shoot and kill anyone trying to retreat.
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183:
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had been appointed a mere four days prior to the
Italian offensive: In a conference held at Athens on 5 March, the then commander Lt. Gen.
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514:
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forcing their surrender and British Empire forces began a retreat. For several days Allied troops contained the German advance on the
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Divisions) which had been fighting from the beginning of the war, with three regiments as reserve, and able to be reinforced by the
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2823:
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719:
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through Bulgaria (Operation Marita) began on 6 April, creating a second front. Greece had received a small reinforcement from
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1830:
789:(ΙΙ/5) of the 1st Division, who were ordered to hold their positions at all costs. The ΙΙ/5 Battalion was commanded by Major
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3006:
1722:
905:
739:
3001:
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1051:"Ο ταγματάρχης Δημήτριος Κασλάς που έγραψε το λαμπρό πολεμικό έπος του 1940 στο Ύψωμα 731 και έχει απογόνους στο Αγρίνιο"
1236:
2628:
1170:
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3410:
2716:
1885:
1193:
431:
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2283:
1880:
1447:
809:
934:
The Greek army defeated the Italian counter-attack of March 1941, inflicting heavy casualties. Shortly after, the
900:
2390:
2005:
1308:
778:
774:
762:
3403:
3389:
3021:
2989:
2706:
2502:
2404:
1800:
1795:
1548:
1538:
782:
770:
766:
1050:
3686:
3217:
2808:
1993:
651:
1249:
3734:
3396:
3133:
2737:
2518:
2426:
2316:
2122:
1865:
1635:
829:
294:
3741:
3706:
3283:
3115:
2818:
2373:
1344:
913:
555:
335:
2020:
3846:
3816:
3662:
3642:
3417:
3384:
3379:
2273:
1620:
1487:
441:
707:. Key to the Italian effort was a hill known as 731, which stood at the center of the planned attack.
473:
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2701:
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1916:
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1840:
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1379:
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689:
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384:
28:
463:
451:
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3303:
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369:
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2086:
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40:
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2421:
2184:
1687:
1433:
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592:
483:
446:
374:
1961:
1204:
An Abridged History of the Greek-Italian and Greek-German War, 1940–1941 (Land Operations)
8:
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2194:
1805:
1672:
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916:. The inscription "731" can be seen in the last row of the stone carved text on the left.
488:
1180:
Gedeon, Dimitrios (2001). "Ο Ελληνοϊταλικός Πόλεμος 1940–41: Οι χερσαίες επιχειρήσεις".
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pass, allowing ships to be prepared to evacuate the British force. The Germans reached
411:
158:
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2239:
2081:
1966:
1870:
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1410:
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1320:
1254:
1189:
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661:
647:
577:
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357:
347:
177:
166:
152:
138:
107:
32:
1976:
3222:
3094:
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2612:
2219:
2209:
2062:
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2012:
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1339:
921:
895:
840:
582:
550:
468:
352:
1255:Ο τιτάνιος αγώνας στο ύψωμα 731 μέσα από το ημερολόγιο του Ταξίαρχου Δημήτρη Κασλά
436:
3568:
3515:
3468:
3455:
3164:
2941:
2931:
2926:
2901:
2803:
2446:
2234:
1971:
1640:
1452:
1418:
1244:
952:
406:
198:
2838:
2016:
2768:
2655:
2441:
2431:
2057:
2025:
1988:
1817:
1699:
1482:
939:
817:
805:
631:
227:
144:
3805:
3787:
3774:
3573:
3553:
3011:
2545:
1752:
1717:
1497:
1264:
696:
426:
239:
221:
206:
192:
122:
3002:
Defenders of Northern Greece (YVE)/Panhellenic Liberation Organization (PAO)
3721:
3308:
2154:
2072:
2067:
1981:
1953:
1948:
1875:
1857:
1852:
1757:
1747:
1739:
1734:
1502:
1492:
1259:
669:
639:
286:
3525:
3149:
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2000:
944:
874:
856:
618:
2557:
2368:
2032:
959:
by the military forces of Germany, Italy and Bulgaria until late 1944.
668:
valley. Hill 731, strategically located 20 km north of Klisura (
499:
2323:
2117:
1156:] (in Greek). Vol. ΙΕ' (15). Αθήνα: Εκδοτική Αθηνών. 1978.
798:
704:
700:
3621:
909:
845:
794:
665:
664:, aimed at capturing the critical mountain pass leading into the
643:
73:
864:. On the night of 12 March, the Italians withdrew the exhausted
2743:
Organization for the Protection of the People's Struggle (OPLA)
2540:
2189:
1782:
1659:
1525:
1405:
968:
948:
924:
of the Greco-Italian War, whereas others referred to it as the
878:
1206:. Hellenic Army General Staff, Army History Directorate. 1997.
2977:
2711:
951:
on 27 April and completed the conquest of Greece with the
793:
and the majority of its soldiers hailed from the towns of
3658:
Museum of the Battle of Crete and the National Resistance
3453:
886:, and the Italian offensive was terminated on 24 March.
3822:
Battles and operations of World War II involving Greece
3260:
1104:
1033:
1031:
1016:
1004:
980:
650:. It began in the early morning of 9 March 1941, when
1186:
The Greco-Italian War 1940–1941: The Ground Operation
1068:
3466:
1182:Ο Ελληνικός Στρατός και το Έπος της Βορείου Ηπείρου
1092:
1080:
1028:
2748:Slavic-Macedonian National Liberation Front (SNOF)
2724:Political Committee of National Liberation (PEEA)
920:The Battle of Hill 731 has been described as the
839:The Italian attack, observed by Italian dictator
3803:
2753:Anti-Fascist Committee for a Free Germany (AKFD)
2493:Hellenic Socialist Patriotic Organisation (ESPO)
1915:
1215:. Hellenic Army General Staff, 7th Staff Office.
834:Greek troops during the Italian spring offensive
2733:United Panhellenic Organization of Youth (EPON)
2611:
1307:
1294:
992:
804:The commander of the Greek II Corps Maj. Gen.
3248:
1280:
1148:
974:
515:
302:
16:1941 World War II battle in southern Albania
3007:Panhellenic Union of Fighting Youths (PEAN)
316:
1287:
1273:
816:, objected to the presence in Greece of a
522:
508:
309:
295:
39:
3201:Gorgopotamos Bridge (Operation "Harling")
3060:Gorgopotamos Bridge (Operation "Harling")
2983:National Bands of Greek Guerrillas (EOEA)
1219:
1074:
680:offensive and the repulsion of Italians.
45:The Italian Spring Offensive (red arrows)
1210:
1110:
899:
828:
617:
98:
3827:Battles of World War II involving Italy
3032:Northern Epirus Liberation Front (MAVI)
2978:National Republican Greek League (EDES)
1260:Ὕψωμα 731: Οἱ Θερμοπύλες ποὺ δὲν ἔπεσαν
955:a month later. As a result, Greece was
812:, along with two other generals of the
736:7th Infantry Division "Lupi di Toscana"
710:The attack would be carried out by the
113:
3804:
1224:. Εταιρεία Μελέτης Ελληνικής Ιστορίας.
1188:] (in Greek). Athens: Periskopio.
1179:
1163:The Defence and Fall of Greece 1940–41
1086:
1037:
1022:
1010:
3750:What Did You Do in the War, Thanasis?
3603:
3452:
3247:
2990:National and Social Liberation (EKKA)
2717:Greek People's Liberation Navy (ELAN)
2712:Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS)
2610:
1914:
1306:
1268:
638:), was a fierce battle fought during
529:
503:
290:
3022:National Organization of Crete (ΕΟΚ)
2794:Protests against labour mobilization
1160:
1098:
986:
3211:Asopos Bridge (Operation "Washing")
1202:
998:
757:The Greek units opposite them were
13:
1222:Ὕψωμα 731: Μάρτιος – Απρίλιος 1941
868:Division and replaced it with the
848:, under the cover of dense smoke.
622:View of Hill 731 after the battle.
14:
3858:
3604:
2707:Union of People's Democracy (ELD)
1230:
752:29th Infantry Division "Piemonte"
748:131st Armored Division "Centauro"
732:2nd Infantry Division "Sforzesca"
724:59th Infantry Division "Cagliari"
716:24th Infantry Division "Pinerolo"
3812:Battles of the Greco-Italian War
2116:
2043:
1947:
1851:
1816:
1781:
1733:
1698:
1658:
1559:
1524:
1463:
1404:
1309:1940–1941 Balkans Campaign
238:
220:
205:
191:
176:
165:
151:
137:
115:
100:
2702:Socialist Party of Greece (SKE)
2697:Communist Party of Greece (KKE)
2391:Rescue of the Jews of Zakynthos
720:38th Infantry Division "Puglie"
2503:Greek National Socialist Party
2498:National Union of Greece (EEE)
1801:Central Macedonia Army Section
1796:Eastern Macedonia Army Section
1549:Western Macedonia Army Section
1161:Carr, John (August 19, 2013).
1043:
744:51st Infantry Division "Siena"
1:
3218:Kidnapping of Heinrich Kreipe
1141:
873:thus far). Supported by four
824:
746:) as second echelon, and the
740:47th Infantry Division "Bari"
683:
59:(2 weeks and 1 day)
3080:Execution of Josef Salminger
1917:Occupation and collaboration
1220:Τζουβαλάς, Γεώργιος (2007).
962:
889:
855:A flanking manoeuvre by the
7:
3454:Liberation and road to the
3116:Expulsion of Cham Albanians
2374:Jewish cemetery of Salonica
2225:Cephalonia (Acqui Division)
1213:The Greek Epic: 1940 – 1941
1154:History of the Greek Nation
1119:
906:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
628:Battle of Hill (Height) 731
10:
3863:
3687:Captain Corelli's Mandolin
3643:Holocaust Museum of Greece
2279:Larissa concentration camp
2274:Haidari concentration camp
1488:Sebastiano Visconti Prasca
1296:Greece during World War II
1211:Terzakis, Angelos (1990).
908:in Athens, guarded by the
893:
687:
3671:
3648:Kalavryta Massacre Museum
3630:
3614:
3610:
3599:
3546:
3476:
3462:
3448:
3368:
3322:
3271:
3256:
3250:Greek government-in-exile
3243:
3188:
3142:
3128:
3108:
3047:
2970:
2894:
2887:
2860:5/42 Regiment dissolution
2847:
2761:
2689:
2638:
2627:
2623:
2606:
2573:
2511:
2480:
2414:
2403:
2384:Expropriation of property
2359:Bulgarian-occupied Greece
2349:
2297:
2167:
2114:
2041:
1945:
1936:
1927:
1923:
1910:
1849:
1814:
1779:
1770:
1731:
1696:
1656:
1649:
1608:
1595:
1557:
1522:
1515:
1461:
1402:
1395:
1332:
1319:
1315:
1302:
936:German invasion of Greece
635:
541:
328:
272:
254:
211:Gen-Div. Alberto D'Aponte
129:
92:
49:
38:
26:
21:
3729:The 11th Day: Crete 1941
3484:National Bands Agreement
3345:Panagiotis Kanellopoulos
3130:British Military Mission
2738:National Solidarity (EA)
2307:Greek economy, 1941–1944
2021:Friedrich-Wilhelm Müller
1836:2nd New Zealand Division
1380:Italian spring offensive
1150:Ιστορία Ελληνικού Έθνους
1136:Italian Spring Offensive
690:Italian Spring Offensive
600:Italian spring offensive
171:Col. Nikolaos Georgoulas
29:Italian spring offensive
3788:40.436667°N 20.085000°E
3663:Thessaloniki War Museum
3355:Christodoulos Tsigantes
3350:Thrasyvoulos Tsakalotos
3180:Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz
1841:6th Australian Division
1683:Konstantinos Bakopoulos
1429:Charalambos Katsimitros
1237:The battle for Hill 731
1126:Capture of Klisura Pass
562:Greek counter-offensive
320:World War II in Albania
2839:Killing of Franz Krech
2586:Executions of Kokkinia
2472:Dionysios Papadongonas
2467:Ioannis Plytzanopoulos
1881:1st Parachute Division
1600:(April–May 1941)
1448:Dimitrios Papadopoulos
1057:(in Greek). 2017-10-27
917:
882:Italian offensive was
836:
810:Dimitrios Papadopoulos
623:
266:2 Infantry divisions
130:Commanders and leaders
3564:Archbishop Damaskinos
3521:Percentages agreement
2947:Konstantinos Ventiris
2334:Occupation Reichsmark
1886:5th Mountain Division
1713:Henry Maitland Wilson
1539:8th Infantry Division
903:
832:
787:5th Infantry Regiment
654:launched an assault (
636:Μάχη του υψώματος 731
621:
273:Casualties and losses
244:Brig-Gen Matteo Negro
3793:40.436667; 20.085000
3736:The Guns of Navarone
3701:Ill Met by Moonlight
3380:3rd Mountain Brigade
3175:George Psychoundakis
3160:Patrick Leigh Fermor
2824:Pinerolo disarmament
2422:Georgios Tsolakoglou
1831:1st Armoured Brigade
1823:British Commonwealth
1705:British Commonwealth
1688:Georgios Tsolakoglou
1434:Konstantinos Davakis
1131:Battle of Trebeshina
862:Panagiotis Koutridis
3784: /
3715:Ipolochagos Natassa
3559:Georgios Papandreou
3335:Emmanouil Tsouderos
3206:Operation "Animals"
3196:Operation "Albumen"
2917:Komninos Pyromaglou
2875:Red Terror (Greece)
2819:1943 Athens protest
2784:Gorgopotamos Bridge
2681:Evripidis Bakirtzis
2629:National Liberation
2524:Alcibiades Diamandi
2488:Security Battalions
2462:George S. Mercouris
2437:Sotirios Gotzamanis
2379:Baron Hirsch ghetto
2006:XXII Mountain Corps
1806:Epirus Army Section
1544:Epirus Army Section
989:, pp. 139–162.
977:, pp. 441–442.
657:Operation Primavera
3653:Kalpaki War Museum
3506:Lebanon Conference
3372:in the Middle East
3370:Greek Armed Forces
3360:Pafsanias Katsotas
3340:Sofoklis Venizelos
3027:Hellenic Army (ES)
2962:Kimonas Zografakis
2937:Vasileios Sachinis
2922:Antonis Fosteridis
2888:Non-EAM resistance
2553:Cham collaboration
2534:Vassilis Rapotikas
2457:Nikolaos Bourantas
2452:Friedrich Schubert
2427:K. Logothetopoulos
2077:Carlo Vecchiarelli
1678:Alexandros Papagos
1424:Alexandros Papagos
1243:2016-08-07 at the
975:Ιστ. Ελ. Εθν. 1978
918:
914:Presidential Guard
837:
624:
159:Vasileios Vrachnos
22:Battle of Hill 731
3847:March 1941 events
3817:Conflicts in 1941
3767:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3680:Aera! Aera! Aera!
3638:Athens War Museum
3595:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3579:Nikos Zachariadis
3531:Treaty of Varkiza
3516:Operation "Manna"
3511:Caserta Agreement
3444:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3299:April 1944 mutiny
3239:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3165:Bill Stanley Moss
3124:
3123:
3075:Skala Paramythias
2952:Manolis Paterakis
2912:Dimitrios Psarros
2907:Georgios Kartalis
2883:
2882:
2855:Feneos executions
2666:Alexandros Svolos
2646:Aris Velouchiotis
2602:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2529:Nicolaos Matussis
2399:
2398:
2284:200 of Kaisariani
2163:
2162:
1994:LXVIII Army Corps
1967:Hermann Neubacher
1962:Günther Altenburg
1906:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1871:XXXX Panzer Corps
1766:
1765:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1511:
1510:
1324:(1940–1941)
1321:Greco-Italian War
1165:. Pen and Sword.
1025:, pp. 29–30.
1013:, pp. 27–28.
672:) at the feet of
648:Greco-Italian War
615:
614:
533:Greco-Italian War
497:
496:
285:
284:
88:
87:
33:Greco-Italian War
3854:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3789:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3777:
3612:
3611:
3601:
3600:
3497:
3474:
3473:
3464:
3463:
3450:
3449:
3269:
3268:
3262:Greek government
3258:
3257:
3245:
3244:
3223:Damasta sabotage
3140:
3139:
2892:
2891:
2728:National Council
2676:Markos Vafeiadis
2671:Ilias Tsirimokos
2661:Georgios Siantos
2651:Stefanos Sarafis
2636:
2635:
2625:
2624:
2608:
2607:
2412:
2411:
2405:Collaborationist
2342:
2151:
2139:
2121:
2120:
2095:
2063:Pellegrino Ghigi
2048:
2047:
2013:Alexander Andrae
1952:
1951:
1943:
1942:
1934:
1933:
1925:
1924:
1912:
1911:
1866:XVIII Army Corps
1856:
1855:
1821:
1820:
1786:
1785:
1777:
1776:
1738:
1737:
1723:Bernard Freyberg
1703:
1702:
1663:
1662:
1654:
1653:
1616:Operation Lustre
1606:
1605:
1601:
1564:
1563:
1529:
1528:
1520:
1519:
1478:Benito Mussolini
1468:
1467:
1443:Ioannis Pitsikas
1409:
1408:
1400:
1399:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1317:
1316:
1304:
1303:
1289:
1282:
1275:
1266:
1265:
1225:
1216:
1207:
1199:
1176:
1157:
1114:
1108:
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1096:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1002:
996:
990:
984:
978:
972:
953:capture of Crete
896:Battle of Greece
850:Dimitrios Kaslas
841:Benito Mussolini
791:Dimitrios Kaslas
674:Mount Trebeshinë
637:
545:Italian invasion
536:
534:
524:
517:
510:
501:
500:
432:Tirana and Kruja
385:Spring offensive
336:Italian invasion
323:
321:
311:
304:
297:
288:
287:
243:
242:
225:
224:
210:
209:
196:
195:
184:Dimitrios Kaslas
181:
180:
173:(5th Regiment)
170:
169:
156:
155:
142:
141:
125:
121:
119:
118:
110:
106:
104:
103:
70:Mount Trebeshinë
51:
50:
43:
19:
18:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3832:1941 in Albania
3802:
3801:
3792:
3790:
3786:
3783:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3755:
3672:Popular culture
3667:
3626:
3606:
3583:
3569:Georgios Grivas
3542:
3491:
3489:Plaka agreement
3458:
3432:
3371:
3364:
3318:
3263:
3252:
3227:
3184:
3155:Monty Woodhouse
3120:
3104:
3043:
2966:
2942:Lela Karagianni
2932:Ilias Degiannis
2927:Kostas Perrikos
2902:Napoleon Zervas
2879:
2843:
2814:Kournovo Tunnel
2757:
2685:
2630:
2619:
2590:
2569:
2507:
2476:
2447:Georgios Poulos
2406:
2395:
2345:
2336:
2329:Compulsory loan
2299:
2293:
2159:
2145:
2143:Trifon Trifonov
2133:
2115:
2110:
2099:VIII Army Corps
2089:
2042:
2037:
1972:Walter Schimana
1946:
1938:
1929:
1919:
1890:
1850:
1845:
1815:
1810:
1780:
1762:
1732:
1727:
1697:
1692:
1657:
1645:
1599:
1598:
1597:German invasion
1583:
1558:
1553:
1523:
1507:
1462:
1457:
1453:Georgios Kosmas
1419:Ioannis Metaxas
1403:
1391:
1323:
1322:
1311:
1298:
1293:
1245:Wayback Machine
1233:
1228:
1196:
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1122:
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1017:
1009:
1005:
997:
993:
985:
981:
973:
969:
965:
898:
892:
835:
827:
712:VIII Army Corps
692:
686:
616:
611:
537:
532:
530:
528:
498:
493:
442:German invasion
324:
319:
317:
315:
268:1 Tank Regiment
245:
237:
236:
230:
219:
218:
212:
204:
203:
201:
199:Gastone Gambara
190:
186:
175:
172:
164:
163:
161:
150:
149:
147:
136:
116:
114:
101:
99:
76:
58:
57:9–24 March 1941
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3860:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3837:1941 in Greece
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3765:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3757:
3756:
3754:
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3459:
3446:
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3438:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3428:336th Squadron
3425:
3423:335th Squadron
3420:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3391:Vasilissa Olga
3387:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3352:
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3342:
3337:
3332:
3330:King George II
3326:
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3319:
3317:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3275:
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3272:Events/Battles
3266:
3254:
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3172:
3170:Themis Marinos
3167:
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3119:
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3019:
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3009:
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2999:
2998:
2997:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2957:Petrakogiorgis
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2898:
2896:
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2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2769:Drama uprising
2765:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
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2730:
2721:
2720:
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2699:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2686:
2684:
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2678:
2673:
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2663:
2658:
2656:Andreas Tzimas
2653:
2648:
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2478:
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2474:
2469:
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2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2442:Georgios Bakos
2439:
2434:
2432:Ioannis Rallis
2429:
2424:
2418:
2416:
2409:
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2400:
2397:
2396:
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2140:
2127:
2125:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2087:III Army Corps
2084:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2058:Angelico Carta
2054:
2052:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2026:Fortress Crete
2010:
2009:
2008:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1989:Hellmuth Felmy
1986:
1985:
1984:
1977:Alexander Löhr
1974:
1969:
1964:
1958:
1956:
1940:
1931:
1921:
1920:
1908:
1907:
1904:
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1900:
1899:
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1720:
1715:
1709:
1707:
1694:
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1691:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1673:King George II
1669:
1667:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1631:Kleisoura Pass
1628:
1623:
1618:
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1593:
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1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1483:Galeazzo Ciano
1480:
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1459:
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1252:
1247:
1232:
1231:External links
1229:
1227:
1226:
1217:
1208:
1200:
1194:
1177:
1172:978-1781591819
1171:
1158:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1113:, p. 142.
1103:
1101:, p. 157.
1091:
1079:
1075:Tzouvalas 2007
1067:
1042:
1027:
1015:
1003:
991:
979:
966:
964:
961:
894:Main article:
891:
888:
833:
826:
823:
806:Georgios Bakos
728:XXV Army Corps
685:
682:
646:, part of the
613:
612:
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609:
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390:Karadak–Gollak
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228:Angelico Carta
188:
187:(731 Batalion)
162:(1st Division)
145:Georgios Bakos
132:
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126:
111:
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36:
35:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3859:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3842:1941 in Italy
3840:
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3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
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3797:
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3613:
3609:
3605:Commemoration
3602:
3598:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3574:Angelos Evert
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3554:Ronald Scobie
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3470:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3451:
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3429:
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3421:
3419:
3418:13th Squadron
3416:
3414:
3413:
3409:
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3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3012:Prometheus II
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2995:5/42 Regiment
2993:
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2971:Organizations
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2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2609:
2605:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2547:
2546:Andon Kalchev
2544:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2512:Secessionists
2510:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:Organizations
2479:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2402:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2351:The Holocaust
2348:
2340:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2296:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2141:
2137:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2119:
2113:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1935:
1932:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1819:
1813:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1753:Sepp Dietrich
1751:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1736:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1718:Thomas Blamey
1716:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1661:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1594:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1527:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1498:Ugo Cavallero
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1466:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1439:Markos Drakos
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1350:Korytsa/Korcë
1348:
1346:
1345:Elaia–Kalamas
1343:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1195:960-86822-5-8
1191:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1112:
1111:Terzakis 1990
1107:
1100:
1095:
1089:, p. 31.
1088:
1083:
1076:
1071:
1056:
1052:
1046:
1040:, p. 30.
1039:
1034:
1032:
1024:
1019:
1012:
1007:
1000:
995:
988:
983:
976:
971:
967:
960:
958:
954:
950:
946:
941:
937:
932:
930:
929:
923:
915:
911:
907:
902:
897:
887:
885:
880:
876:
871:
867:
863:
858:
853:
851:
847:
842:
831:
822:
819:
815:
811:
807:
802:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
755:
754:as reserves.
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
708:
706:
702:
698:
697:Ugo Cavallero
691:
681:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
658:
653:
652:Fascist Italy
649:
645:
641:
633:
629:
620:
608:
605:
604:
601:
598:
597:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
573:
569:
566:
565:
561:
560:
557:
556:Elaia–Kalamas
554:
552:
549:
548:
544:
543:
540:
535:
525:
520:
518:
513:
511:
506:
505:
502:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
461:
460:
459:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
404:
403:
402:
398:
397:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
367:
366:
365:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
345:
344:
343:
337:
334:
333:
332:
327:
322:
312:
307:
305:
300:
298:
293:
292:
289:
281:Roughly 8,000
280:
277:
276:
271:
267:
264:
262:
259:
258:
253:
249:
241:
234:
229:
223:
216:
208:
200:
194:
189:
185:
179:
174:
168:
160:
154:
146:
140:
134:
133:
128:
124:
112:
109:
97:
96:
91:
84:Greek victory
83:
80:
79:
75:
71:
66:
63:
62:
56:
53:
52:
48:
42:
37:
34:
31:, during the
30:
25:
20:
3779:20°05′06.0″E
3776:40°26′12.0″N
3769:
3748:
3735:
3727:
3722:Mediterraneo
3720:
3713:
3699:
3685:
3678:
3538:White Terror
3411:
3404:
3397:
3390:
3065:Agia Kyriaki
3055:ESPO bombing
3037:
2809:Sarantaporos
2779:Mikro Chorio
2519:Roman Legion
2364:Thessaloniki
2312:Great Famine
2300:exploitation
2155:Asen Sirakov
2073:Carlo Geloso
2068:Piero Parini
2017:Bruno Bräuer
1982:Army Group E
1876:Luftflotte 4
1758:Kurt Student
1748:Wilhelm List
1621:Metaxas Line
1503:Carlo Geloso
1493:Ubaldo Soddu
1384:
1370:Klisura Pass
1221:
1212:
1203:
1185:
1181:
1162:
1153:
1149:
1106:
1094:
1082:
1070:
1059:. Retrieved
1054:
1045:
1018:
1006:
994:
982:
970:
933:
925:
919:
883:
875:M13/40 tanks
869:
865:
854:
838:
803:
783:4th Division
756:
726:), with the
709:
693:
677:
655:
642:in southern
640:World War II
627:
625:
606:
588:Klisura Pass
457:
456:
400:
399:
395:
394:
379:
370:Klisura Pass
363:
362:
341:
340:
330:
265:
261:1 battalion
260:
247:
232:
214:
202:(VIII Corps)
135:
93:Belligerents
27:Part of the
3791: /
3526:Dekemvriana
3492: [
3467:Prelude to
3412:Papanikolis
3385:Sacred Band
3289:Wadi Akarit
3279:Mareth Line
3150:Eddie Myers
2799:Fardykambos
2631:Front (EAM)
2617:Free Greece
2563:Xhemil Dino
2337: [
2250:Kallikratis
2146: [
2134: [
2131:Ivan Markov
2090: [
2001:Hubert Lanz
1937:Leaders and
1636:Thermopylae
1360:Morava–Ivan
1239:, archived
1087:Gedeon 2001
1055:AgrinioNews
1038:Gedeon 2001
1023:Gedeon 2001
1011:Gedeon 2001
945:Thermopylae
928:Thermopylae
857:Blackshirts
568:Morava–Ivan
464:Draufgänger
3806:Categories
3501:Red Terror
3294:Dodecanese
3284:El Alamein
3189:Operations
3109:Atrocities
3048:Operations
2848:Atrocities
2834:Agorelitsa
2762:Operations
2613:Resistance
2581:Paramythia
2574:Atrocities
2407:government
2369:Zvi Koretz
2289:Chortiatis
2254:Kali Sykia
2168:Atrocities
2104:XXVI Corps
2033:Max Merten
1375:Trebeshina
1142:References
1061:2019-08-27
825:The battle
688:See also:
684:Background
660:) against
593:Trebeshina
447:Drashovica
375:Trebeshina
226:Brig-Gen.
148:(II Corps)
68:Hill 731,
3469:Civil War
3456:civil war
3314:Santorini
3085:Xirovouni
3038:others...
2865:Meligalas
2269:Kleisoura
2230:Mesovouno
2215:Domenikon
2205:Lingiades
2200:Kalavryta
2185:Alikianos
2175:Kondomari
2082:11th Army
1928:Occupying
1579:11th Army
1250:Ὕψωμα 731
1099:Carr 2013
987:Carr 2013
963:Footnotes
890:Aftermath
678:Primavera
489:Desivojca
250:Division)
235:Division)
217:Division)
157:Maj-Gen.
143:Maj-Gen.
3405:Katsonis
3264:in exile
2558:Këshilla
2324:DEGRIGES
2298:Economic
2180:Kandanos
2123:Bulgaria
1939:commands
1574:9th Army
1385:Hill 731
1241:Archived
1120:See also
999:ΓΕΣ 1997
957:occupied
846:bayonets
799:Karditsa
759:II Corps
705:Ioannina
701:Leskovik
607:Hill 731
422:Tepelena
412:Leskovik
380:Hill 731
255:Strength
64:Location
3631:Museums
3622:Ohi Day
3132: (
3090:Trahili
2789:Meritsa
2259:Anogeia
2245:Viannos
2240:Vorizia
2220:Drakeia
2210:Distomo
2195:Kommeno
1954:Germany
1858:Germany
1740:Germany
1650:Leaders
1609:Battles
1396:Leaders
1355:Saranda
1333:Battles
940:British
912:of the
910:Evzones
877:and an
818:British
814:I Corps
795:Trikala
670:Këlcyrë
666:Kalpaki
644:Albania
578:Saranda
572:Korytsa
474:Preševo
358:Saranda
348:Korytsa
74:Albania
3615:Events
3547:People
3477:Events
3398:Adrias
3323:People
3304:Rimini
3143:People
3100:Dodona
3095:Menina
3017:Apollo
2895:People
2870:Kilkis
2829:Steiri
2639:People
2541:Ohrana
2415:People
2264:Kedros
2235:Pyrgoi
2190:Doxato
1930:powers
1788:Greece
1665:Greece
1531:Greece
1411:Greece
1365:Himara
1340:Pindus
1192:
1169:
949:Athens
922:Verdun
879:Arditi
866:Puglie
777:, and
742:, and
722:, and
662:Greece
583:Himara
551:Pindus
484:Tirana
479:Kosovo
469:Menina
427:Kurtez
417:Përmet
353:Himara
278:~1,000
215:Puglie
182:Major
120:
108:Greece
105:
81:Result
3496:]
3070:Milia
2804:Porta
2341:]
2150:]
2138:]
2094:]
2050:Italy
1772:Units
1641:Crete
1566:Italy
1516:Units
1470:Italy
1184:[
1152:[
632:Greek
407:Gjorm
233:Siena
197:Gen.
123:Italy
3742:film
3707:film
3693:film
3309:Symi
2774:Ryka
2726:and
2615:and
2317:GWRA
2252:and
2075:and
2019:and
1626:Vevi
1441:and
1190:ISBN
1167:ISBN
926:new
904:The
884:zero
870:Bari
797:and
779:11th
775:15th
763:17th
750:and
703:and
626:The
458:1944
452:Pezë
401:1943
396:1942
364:1941
342:1940
331:1939
248:Bari
54:Date
3134:SOE
771:1st
767:5th
437:Reç
3808::
3494:el
2339:el
2148:bg
2136:bg
2092:it
2015:,
1053:.
1030:^
801:.
773:,
769:,
765:,
738:,
734:,
718:,
634::
72:,
3136:)
1288:e
1281:t
1274:v
1198:.
1175:.
1077:.
1064:.
1001:.
761:(
730:(
714:(
630:(
574:)
570:(
523:e
516:t
509:v
310:e
303:t
296:v
246:(
231:(
213:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
