Battle of Jenin (2002)

1349:." Examples included the case of 57-year-old Kamal Zugheir who was shot and then run over by IDF tanks while in his wheelchair, and that of 37-year-old Jamal Fayid, a quadraplegic crushed to death in the rubble of his home after an IDF bulldozer advanced upon it, refusing to allow his family to intervene to remove him. It also documented the killing of a Palestinian militant who had already been wounded. In November, Amnesty International reported that there was "clear evidence" that the IDF committed war crimes against Palestinian civilians, including unlawful killings and torture, in Jenin and Nablus. The report also accused Israel of blocking medical care, using people as human shields and bulldozing houses with residents inside, as well as beating prisoners, which resulted in one death, and preventing ambulances and aid organizations from reaching the areas of combat even after the fighting had reportedly been stopped. Amnesty criticized the UN report, noting that its officials did not actually visit Jenin. The Observer reporter, Peter Beaumont, wrote that what happened in Jenin was not a massacre, but that the mass destruction of houses was a war crime. Some reports said that Israel's restriction of access to Jenin and refusal to allow the UN investigation access to the area were evidence of a coverup, a charge echoed by 725:, before the fighting started, the IDF used loudspeakers broadcasting in Arabic to urge the locals to evacuate the camp, and he estimates that some 11,000 left. Stephanie Gutmann also said that the IDF used bullhorns and announcements in Arabic to inform the residents of the invasion, and that the troops massed outside the camp for a day because of rain. She estimated that 1,200 remained in the camp, but that it was impossible to tell how many of them were fighters. After the battle, Israeli intelligence estimated that half the population of noncombatants had left before the invasion, and 90% had done so by the third day, leaving around 1,300 people. Others estimated that 4,000 people had remained in the camp. Some camp residents reported hearing the Israeli calls to evacuate, while others said they did not. Many thousands did leave the camp, with women and children usually permitted to move into the villages in the surrounding hills or the neighbouring city. However, the men who left were almost all temporarily detained. Instructed by Israeli soldiers to strip before they were taken away, journalists who entered Jenin following the invasion remarked that heaps of discarded clothing in the ruined streets showed where they were taken into custody. 902:

majority of the camp's residents were still in it. Most commanders argued that this obligated a careful advance for fear of striking civilians, and warned that using excessive force would cost the lives of hundreds of Palestinians. Lieutenant Colonel Ofek Buchris, commander of the 51st Battalion, was left in a minority opinion, saying "We're being humiliated here for four days now". When Mofaz instructed the officers to be more aggressive and fire five antitank missiles at every house before entering, one of them contemplated disobedience. Meanwhile, when asked how long he thought his forces could last given the superiority of the Israeli forces, Abu Jandal said: "No. That's not true. We have the weapon of surprise. We have the weapon of honor. We have the divine weapon, the weapon of Allah who stands at our side. We have weapons that are better than theirs. I am the one with the truth, and I put my faith in Allah, while they put their faith in a tank".

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camp relied primarily on infantry to minimize civilian casualties, but interviews with eyewitnesses suggest that tanks and helicopters were also used in the first two days. Captured Palestinian fighters subsequently told their interrogators that they had anticipated greater use of Israeli air power, not expecting the Israelis to risk heavier casualties in house-to-house fighting. Ata Abu Roumileh, a Fatah leader in the camp, later said that it was only when his forces saw the Israelis advancing on foot that they decided to stay and fight. Thabet Mardawi recalled that "I couldn't believe it when I saw the soldiers. The Israelis knew that any soldier who went into the camp like that was going to get killed.

713:), most others the size of water bottles. "Omar the Engineer", a Palestinian bombmaker, said that some 50 homes were booby trapped: "We chose old and empty buildings and the houses of men who were wanted by Israel because we knew the soldiers would search for them." More powerful bombs with remote detonators were placed inside trash bins in the street and inside the cars of wanted men. Omar said that everyone in the camp, including children, knew where the explosives were located, and noted that this constituted a major weakness to their defenses, since during the Israeli incursion, the wires to more than a third of the bombs were cut by soldiers guided by Palestinian collaborators. 977: 1404:, said the decision not to allow reporters into the camp was a difficult one: "The press people said 'Listen, the journalists aren't going to like it' and the operational people said 'We don't care about the journalists right now and about our image, we don't want them inside.' It had to do with the way we were working operationally inside the camp. We had infantry coming in from 360 degrees which means that you're firing in all different directions. It's not like a journalist can be on one side or another. It's a very difficult type of combat to coordinate with the forces, let alone with somebody you don't know who's inside." 873: 1194:"I kept thinking of our soldiers. I didn't feel sorry for all those Palestinians who were left homeless. I just felt sorry for their children, who were not guilty. There was one wounded child, who was shot by Arabs. A Golani paramedic came down and changed his bandages, till he was evacuated. We took care of them, of the children. The soldiers gave them candy. But I had no mercy for the parents of these children. I remembered the picture on television, of the mother who said she will bear children so that they will explode in Tel Aviv. I asked the Palestinian women I saw there: 'Aren't you ashamed?'" 856: 814: 127: 938:. On the edge of the alley leading to "the bathtub", Rothberg questioned the wounded reservists. Finally, the commando force entered the house where the bodies were being held, killed the Palestinian militants in close-range combat, and extracted the bodies. In the afternoon, all Israeli casualties were evacuated from the area. A few hours after the ambush, a Golani Brigade soldier was killed at the edge of the refugee camp. With the loss of fourteen soldiers, it became the deadliest day for the IDF since the end of the 1172:(AI) reported that an estimated 4,000 people, more than a quarter of the population of the camp, were rendered homeless because of this destruction. HRW listed 140 buildings, most of which housed multiple families, as completely destroyed, and 200 other buildings as sustaining damage rendering them uninhabitable or unsafe for use. AI said complete destruction affected 164 houses with 374 apartment units, and that other buildings had been partially destroyed. Israel said those numbers were exaggerations. 1104:. One Israeli special forces commander who fought in the camp said that "the Palestinians were admirably well prepared. They correctly analyzed the lessons of the previous raid". Mardawi told CNN from prison in Israel, that after learning the IDF was going to use troops, and not planes, "It was like hunting ... like being given a prize. ... The Israelis knew that any soldier who went into the camp like that was going to get killed. ... I've been waiting for a moment like that for years". 1111:, Head of the IDF Operations Directorate, said "There were indications it was going to be hard, but we didn't think it was going to be so hard". An internal investigation published by the IDF six months after the battle implicitly cast the responsibility for the death of the thirteen soldiers on the soldiers themselves, for straying from their path unreported. It also said that the focusing on the rescue instead of subduing the enemy complicated things. Buchris was given the 1547:"trying to sabotage the mission. I believe that they have a big thing to hide." On April 25, the UN agreed to postpone the arrival of the team by two days, and acceded to an Israeli request that two military officers be added to the team. Annan said talks with Israel had been, "very, very constructive and I'm sure we'll be able to sort out our differences". Peres said that a delay would give the Israeli cabinet the opportunity to discuss the mission before the team arrived. 142: 1902:- "On April 7, senior Palestinian official Saeb Erekat suggested to CNN that some 500 Palestinians had been killed in the camp. Five days later, when the fighting stopped, PA Secretary Ahmed Abdel Rahman told UPI that the number was in the thousands, hinting, along with other Palestinian figures, that Israel had snatched bodies, buried Palestinians in mass graves and under the rubble of ruined buildings, and otherwise conducted on a scale compatible with genocide." 181: 170: 113: 1071:, filed a petition asking the Court to order the IDF to immediately hand over the bodies of Palestinians to the Red Cross or the Red Crescent, saying that the bodies of dead Palestinians were being left to rot in the camp. On April 19, a day after Israeli troops withdrew from the camp, journalists reported counting about 23 bodies that were lined up on the outdoor grounds of the clinic, before being quickly buried by Palestinians. 919:

report to his commander. The force walked into a Palestinian ambush, finding themselves in an inner courtyard surrounded by tall houses (later nicknamed "the bathtub") and under fire from all directions, and were also attacked by a suicide bomber. Rescue forces from the company and the battalion hurried to the location and were attacked with small-arms fire and explosive charges. The exchange of fire went on for several hours.

504:, including civilians, and 23 Israeli soldiers as having been killed in the fighting. Israel did not allow emergency workers into the camp after the battle with Palestinian militants had ended, drawing condemnation from a UN envoy. The battle led to widespread destruction of the camp, as at least 140 buildings were completely destroyed, and severe damage was caused to 200 additional buildings rendered uninhabitable or unsafe. 192: 1322:

Palestinian fatalities, on the basis of bodies recovered to date, in Jenin and the refugee camp in this military operation can be estimated at around 55." While noting the number of civilian deaths might rise as rubble was cleared, the report continued, "nevertheless, the most recent estimates by UNRWA and ICRC show that the number of missing people is constantly declining as the IDF releases Palestinians from detention."

1015:, some of the bodies had already been removed from the camp by soldiers to a site near Jenin on April 11, but had not yet been buried. Palestinians allegedly buried others during the battle in a mass grave near the hospital on the outskirts of the camp. On the evening of April 11, Israeli television showed footage of refrigerator trucks waiting outside the camp to transfer bodies to "terrorist cemeteries". On April 12, 1297:, a Palestinian cabinet minister, accused the Israelis of trying to cover up the killing of civilians. The CNN correspondent noted that due to the IDF closure of the camp, there was "no way of confirming" the stories. During and immediately after the battle, the United Nations and several human rights NGOs also expressed concern about the possibility of a massacre. A British forensic expert who was part of an 985: 915:, arrived from Nablus. Having crawled with Buchris to the front line, he warned that the fighting style must be changed completely – call in more troops and perhaps take the command out of the reserve brigade's hand. By evening, division commander Brigadier General Eyal Shlein told his men that the mission must be accomplished by 6:00 PM on April 9. Buchris himself was later badly wounded. 1023:"The IDF intends to bury today Palestinians killed in the West Bank camp ... The sources said two infantry companies, along with members of the military rabbinate, will enter the camp today to collect bodies. Those who can be identified as civilians will be moved to a hospital in Jenin, and then on to burial, while those identified as terrorists will be buried at a special cemetery in the 1589:, the Palestinian observer to the UN, said the council failed to give Annan its full support, and had caved to "blackmailing" by the Israeli Government. The General Assembly passed a resolution condemning Israel's military action in Jenin by 74 votes to four, with 54 abstentions. The Bush administration supported Israel as part of a deal in which Sharon agreed to lift the siege of the 1327:

from Jenin refugee camp on April 17, UNRWA set up teams to use the census lists to account for all the Palestinians (some 14,000) believed to be resident of the camp on April 3, 2002. Within five weeks all but one of the residents was accounted for." A BBC report later noted, "Palestinian authorities made unsubstantiated claims of a wide-scale massacre," and a reporter for

1185:, nicknamed "Kurdi Bear", a D-9 operator who took part in the battle. Nissim said he had driven his D-9 for seventy-five hours straight, drinking whiskey to avoid fatigue, and that apart from a two-hour training course before the battle, he had no prior experience in driving a bulldozer. He said he had begged his officers to let him destroy more houses and added: 1439:

asked for names of the dead and urged to show where the bodies were, became evasive. "In short, it was all talk and nothing could be verified," wrote Cremonesi. "At the end of that day, I wrote that the death toll was not more than 50 and most of them were combatants". Cremonesi criticized Israel's exclusion of the media from Jenin and from

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Palestinian casualties were 53 dead, hundreds wounded and about 200 captured. Human Rights Watch reported that at least 52 Palestinians died of whom at least 22 were civilians and at least 27 were suspected militants, and that it was unable to conclusively determine the status of the remaining three. According to retired IDF General

1162:, reported that an area within the refugee camp of about 100 m by 200 m was flattened. According to Stephen Graham, the IDF had systematically bulldozed an area measuring 160 by 250 m in the Jenin refugee camp. The Hawashin neighbourhood was levelled. Many residents had no advance warning, and some were buried alive. 1606:

those who had fallen, one proposal suggested leaving the destruction, at least in the Hawashin neighborhood, exactly as it was, as a memorial and testament to struggle and sacrifice. Camp residents, however, insisted that the camp be rebuilt almost exactly as it had been, while also establishing a museum of memory in the Old

1047:, the IDF stopped clearing the bodies from the camp. It was reported that by the afternoon of April 13, the IDF had determined the location of 23 bodies in the camp which were marked on maps. On April 14, the Supreme Court reversed its decision, and ruled that the IDF could remove the bodies. IDF Chief of Staff 1438:

in Jerusalem, writes in a 2009 article, that he slipped past the army barricades and entered the Jenin camp on April 13, 2002. He says the hospital was almost deserted as doctors played cards in the emergency room and that he spoke to 25 lightly wounded patients who told heartrending stories but when

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episode'. Here the press was a willing partner they aspired to make Jenin a symbol of resistance to Palestinians". In May 2009, the IDF released a videotape showing what it called "a phony funeral that the Palestinians organized in order to multiply the number of casualties in Jenin," wherein a live

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The battle attracted widespread international attention due to allegations by Palestinians that a massacre had been committed. Reporters from various international media outlets quoted local residents who described houses being bulldozed with families still inside, helicopters firing indiscriminately

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Based on figures provided by the Jenin hospital and the IDF, the UN report placed the Palestinian death toll at 52 Palestinian, around half of whom were thought to be civilians. In 2004, Haaretz journalists Amos Harel and Avi Isacharoff wrote that 23 Israeli soldiers had died and 52 had been wounded;

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completed its report on Jenin in early May, stating "there was no massacre," but accusing the IDF of war crimes, and Amnesty International's report concluded "No matter whose figures one accepts, "there was no massacre." Amnesty's report specifically observed that "after the IDF temporarily withdrew

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magazine, and the BBC all concluded there was no massacre of civilians, with estimated death tolls of 46–55 people among reports by the IDF, the Jenin office of the United Nations, and the Jenin Hospital. A team of four Palestinian-appointed investigators reporting to Fatah numbered total casualties

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At 6:00 AM on April 9, reserve battalion 7020's support company was ordered to form a new line, west of the former one. Its commander, Major Oded Golomb, set out with a force to take a position in a new house. He strayed from the original path, perhaps for tactical considerations, but failed to

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helicopters were used to strike Palestinian positions on rooftops using wire-guided missiles, and about a dozen armored D-9 bulldozers were deployed, widening alleys, clearing paths for tanks, and detonating booby traps. Palestinians said that Israeli troops rode atop the bulldozers and fired rocket

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expressed his disappointment at the team's make-up, and his hope that the mission would not overstep its mandate. Peres asked Annan to deny reports that the mission would look into events outside the refugee camp, and that the findings would have legal validity. Annan said the findings would not be

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The battle ended on April 11. Medical teams from Canada, France, and Italy, as well as UN and ICRC officials, with trucks carrying supplies and water waited outside the camp for clearance to enter for days, but were denied entry, with Israel citing ongoing military operations. The first independent

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reported that a D9 driver saw him, and subsequently rammed a wall down onto him and one of his fighters. The Islamic Jihad website announced that Tawalbe had died when he blew up in his booby-trapped home on the Israeli soldiers inside it, and that he "had thwarted all attempts by the occupation to

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that the team would ask to investigate officers and soldiers, and that it might accuse Israel of war crimes, paving the way for the sending of an international force. Sharon accepted Eiland and Mofaz's position, and announced Israel's decision that the UN team was no longer acceptable on April 24,

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As the Palestinian fighters' resistance faltered against the sheer force of the Israeli assault and their supplies of food and ammunition dwindled, Israeli troops mopped up the final resistance. At 7:00 AM on April 11, the Palestinians began to surrender. Qabha refused to surrender and was killed,

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On the third day, the Palestinians were still dug in, defying Israeli expectations, and by then seven Israeli soldiers had been killed. Mardawi later testified to having killed two of them from close range, using an M-16. As the IDF advanced, the Palestinians fell back to the heavily defended camp

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both the town and camp's streets in a bid to trap Israeli soldiers. Following his surrender to Israeli forces, Thabet Mardawi, an Islamic Jihad fighter, said that Palestinian fighters had spread "between 1000 and 2000 bombs and booby traps" throughout the camp, some big ones for tanks (weighing as

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Annan initially refused to delay the mission. Expressing Israeli sentiment that the world ignored its victims, Ben-Eliezer said: "In the last month alone, 137 people were slaughtered by Palestinians and nearly 700 wounded. Is there any one who is investigating that?" Saeb Erekat accused Israel of

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Israeli forces entered Jenin on April 2. On the first day, reserve company commander Major Moshe Gerstner was killed in a PIJ sector. This caused a further delay. By April 3, the city was secured, but the fighting in the camp was just beginning. Israeli sources say that the IDF incursion into the

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In the aftermath of the invasion, many camp residents ended up living in temporary shelters elsewhere. The camp itself became the site of intense efforts at documenting, recording and expressing the experiences of those displaced and affected by the incursion. In discussing how to properly honor

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of CNN reported that Palestinians were reporting 500 dead, while international relief agencies were saying possibly as many as 200; he noted that his efforts to independently verify the claims had so far come to naught since people were being prevented from entering the camp by Israeli soldiers.

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The IDF announced that it would not withdraw its troops from the Jenin camp until it had collected the bodies of the Palestinian dead. The army would not confirm Palestinian reports that military trucks had removed dozens of bodies, nor would it comment on whether or not burials had taken place.

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After an IDF action in Ramallah in March resulted in television broadcast footage that was considered unflattering, the IDF high command decided not to allow reporters to join the forces. Like other cities targeted in Defensive Shield, Jenin was declared a "closed military zone" and placed under

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Camp militants repelled attempts by PA seniors to exercise authority in the camp. In a February 2002 show of force, residents burned seven vehicles that were sent by the governor of Jenin and opened fire on the PA men. Ata Abu Rumeileh was designated the chief security officer of the camp by its

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The UN report to the Secretary General noted "Palestinians had claimed that between 400 and 500 people had been killed, fighters and civilians together. They had also claimed a number of summary executions and the transfer of corpses to an unknown place outside the city of Jenin. The number of

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During that day, the IDF censored reports on the events, leading to a wave of rumors. Partial information leaked through phone calls made by reservists and internet sites. By evening, when Chief of Central Command, Brigadier General Yitzhak Eitan, had a press conference, there were rumors of a

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that there were apparently hundreds of Palestinians killed in Jenin. He later retracted this statement. Secretary-General of the Palestinian Authority, Ahmed Abdel Rahman, said that thousands of Palestinians had been killed and buried in mass graves, or lay under houses destroyed in Jenin and

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urged the officers to speed things up. They asked for twenty-four more hours. Mofaz told reporters that the fighting would be complete by the end of the week, April 6. In some of the sectors, the forces were advancing at a rate of fifty meters a day. Israeli intelligence assumed that the vast

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magazine: "Charles Kapes, the deputy chief of the U.N. office in the camp, says 54 dead have been pulled from the wreckage and 49 Palestinians are missing, of whom 18 are residents of the camp," "the Israelis say they found 46 dead in the rubble, including a pile of five bodies that had been

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troop carrier would arrive to disembark troops into the house, where they would clear it of any militants found inside. Buchris' battalion was advancing faster than the reserve forces, creating a bridgehead within the camp that attracted most of the Palestinian fire. During the first week of

1131:. Addressing a gathering of about 200 people in Jenin, he said: "People of Jenin, all the citizens of Jenin and the refugee camp, this is Jenin-grad. Your battle has paved the way to the liberation of the occupied territories". The battle became known among the Palestinians as "Jeningrad". 1086:

which provided a wholly different explanation for the presence of the refrigerator trucks posted outside the city on April 11. Schiff's article said: "Toward the end of the fighting, the army sent three large refrigerator trucks into the city. Reservists decided to sleep in them for their

1043:, one of many signatories to the petition before the court, said that removing the bodies from the city violated international law and was "intended to hide the truth from the public about the killing that occurred there". Following the court's decision, issued by Supreme Court President 675:

Limited Israeli forces had entered the camp along a single route twice in the previous month; they encountered heavy resistance and quickly withdrew. Unlike other camps, the organizations in Jenin had a joint commander: Hazem Ahmad Rayhan Qabha, known as "Abu Jandal," an officer in the

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On the other side, Israeli media sources and analysts suggested media bias and propaganda efforts were the source of the allegations. Haaretz editor Hanoch Marmari stated, "some correspondents might have been obsessive in their determination to unearth a massacre in a refugee camp".

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team granted access to Jenin on April 18 said, "the evidence before us at the moment doesn't lead us to believe that the allegations are anything other than truthful and that therefore there are large numbers of civilian dead underneath these bulldozed and bombed ruins that we see."

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and did not have a commander when Operation Defensive Shield started, since the last commander's service ended a few days earlier. His substitute was a reserve officer, Lieutenant Colonel Yehuda Yedidya, who got his rank after the operation began. His soldiers were not trained for

1562:, told reporters that the UN had reneged on its agreements with Israel over the team, and so it would not be allowed to arrive. Speaking for the cabinet, he said that the composition of the team and its terms of reference made it inevitable that its report would blame Israel. 1309:

privately referred to the battle as a "massacre" was immediately followed by a statement from Peres expressing concern that "Palestinian propaganda is liable to accuse Israel that a 'massacre' took place in Jenin rather than a pitched battle against heavily armed terrorists."

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entered the camp. He told reporters that the devastation was, "horrific beyond belief," and relayed his view that it was "morally repugnant" that Israel had not allowed emergency workers into the camp after the battle with Palestinian gunmen had ended. On April 19, the

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Harel and Issacharoff wrote that the IDF's misconduct with the media, including Kitri's statement, contributed to the allegations of massacre. Mofaz later admitted that the limitations imposed on the media were a mistake. Head of the Operations Directorate, General

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observers were granted access to the camp on April 16. Israeli troops began withdrawing from the camp itself on April 18. Tanks ringed the perimeter of the camp for a few more days, but by April 24, Israeli troops had withdrawn from the autonomous zone of Jenin.

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Buchris continued to employ the tactics of softening up enemy resistance with antitank fire and extensive use of bulldozers, developing a method to expose IDF soldiers to less risk: first, a bulldozer would ram the corner of a house, opening a hole, and then an

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reported that the exact number of Palestinian dead was still unknown, but that the IDF placed the toll between 100 and 200. On April 18, Zalman Shoval, adviser to Sharon, said that only about 65 bodies had been recovered, five of them civilians. On April 30,

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that the IDF did not allow them to move around the camps freely, and that advanced decomposition, as well as the enormous destruction in the camp, made it impossible to find and retrieve bodies without the proper equipment. That same day Adalah and LAW, the

1388:, shot the same footage from the ground, and that it shows a group of children playing "funeral" near the cemetery. LAW added that, "The media uncritically took up the Israeli spokesmen conclusions, without investigating what the footage actually shows." 499:

Despite claims of a widespread massacre numbering hundreds of casualties by some Palestinian officials, subsequent investigations found no evidence to substantiate it, and official totals from Palestinian and Israeli sources confirmed between 52 and 54

805:, IDF commanders sent two regular infantry brigades there, assuming they could take over the Jenin camp in 48–72 hours with just the one reservist brigade. The force's entry was delayed until April 2 due to rain and delays with transporting equipment. 1213:

Reporting of casualty numbers during the invasion varied widely and fluctuated day to day. On April 10, the BBC reported that Israel estimated 150 Palestinians had died in Jenin, and Palestinians were saying the number was far higher. That same day,

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After the ambush, all Israeli forces began to advance by Buchris' tactics, utilizing armored bulldozers and Achzarit APCs in their push. Israeli forces also relied heavily on increased missile strikes from helicopters. Several officers demanded that

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building. They rejected the proposal of the Israeli housing minister to rebuild the camp at a nearby site with enlarged roads, viewing it as an attempt to erase the political reality of the camps whose existence they see as living testaments to the

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Official Israeli sources expressed surprise that they were not consulted as to the composition of the team, adding that, "We expected that the operational aspects of the fact-finding mission would be carried out by military experts." On April 22,

1479:, the UN Secretary-General, that Israel would welcome a UN official "to clarify the facts", saying "Israel has nothing to hide regarding the operation in Jenin. Our hands are clean". Abed Rabbo said the mission was, "the first step toward making 688:, and who had been involved in several encounters with the IDF. He set up a war room and divided the camp into fifteen sub-sectors, deploying about twenty armed men in each. During the battle, he began calling himself "The Martyr Abu Jandal". 890:

evacuate the camp residents to make it easier for the Israelis to destroy on the heads of the fighters." On that same day, IDF attack helicopters reportedly increased their missile attacks, which slowed but did not cease the next day.

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booby-trapped," "The Jenin Hospital, meanwhile, says 52 camp residents died, including five women and four children under the age of 15. Of the 43 dead men, eight were 55 or older and therefore probably not involved in the fighting."

1904:- "A subsequent UN investigation determined that 52 Palestinians had been killed in the fighting, most of them armed members of Palestinian militias and militant groups. A total of 23 Israeli soldiers were killed in the fighting." 884:

and two other militants went into a house so as to get close enough to a tank or armored D-9 bulldozer to plant a bomb. Tawalbe and another militant were killed during the action. A British military expert working in the camp for

3365:: A camp resident who worked at the Jenin hospital said: "I saw the Israelis line up five young men with their legs spread and their hands up as they faced a wall. The soldiers then sprayed them from head to toe with gunfire." 6318: 1882:- "histrionic claims by Palestinian leader Yasir Arafat that 1,000 civilians had been killed. (In fact, about 50 Palestinians had fought and died in a ferocious battle that also cost the lives of 23 Israeli soldiers.)" 958:

jets be sent to bomb the camp, but the IDF High Command refused. The dozen bulldozers and APCs pushed deep into the heart of the camp, flattening a built-up area of 200 square yards, destroying militant strongpoints.

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attributed 23 suicide bombings and 6 attempted bombings against civilians in Israel to Palestinians from Jenin. Major attacks and suicide bombings perpetrated by Palestinian militant groups from Jenin included the

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notes that later Israeli media reports attempted to conceal and reinterpret their intention to transfer the bodies to the special cemetery in the Jordan Valley. As an example, she cites a July 17, 2002 article by

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who moved through the houses and left. Mardawi surrendered along with Ali Suleiman al-Saadi, known as "Safouri", and thirty-nine others. He later said that "There was nothing I could do against that bulldozer".

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in Ramallah for the first time in five months on May 14, 2002 to visit Jenin and other West Bank cities affected in Operation Defensive Shield, praised the refugees' endurance and compared the fighting to the

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being among the last to die. Most of the Palestinian fighters were either killed or captured. Some managed to escape the city and slip through the ring of Israeli troops and tanks around it. Among them was

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IDF and Israeli government sources reported that 23 Israeli soldiers were killed and 75 wounded. The UN report also noted that 23 IDF soldiers had been killed. The only exception was retired IDF General

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in the camp, said: "We have prepared unexpected surprises for the enemy. We are determined to pay him back double, and teach him a lesson he will not forget. ... We will attack him on the home front, in

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into civilian areas, ambulances being prevented from reaching the wounded, summary executions of Palestinians, and stories of bodies being driven away in trucks or left in the sewers and bulldozed.

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before the entrance of Israeli troops, remaining sealed off throughout the invasion. Water and electricity supplies to the city were also cut off and remained unavailable to residents throughout.

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war room by the high-ranking officers. Thirteen Israeli soldiers were killed, and the Palestinians managed to snatch three of the bodies and drag them into a nearby house. A rescue force of

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reported that Israel was also pushing for the right for both sides to review the team's report before its presentation to Annan. Following a lengthy cabinet meeting on April 28,

1188:"I didn't see, with my own eyes, people dying under the blade of the D-9 and I didn't see house falling down on live people. But if there were any, I wouldn't care at all ... 672:

on April 2, and Jenin and Nablus on April 3. By this date, six Palestinian cities and their surrounding towns, villages, and refugee camps, had been occupied by the IDF.

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air-conditioning. Some Palestinians saw dozens of covered bodies lying in the trucks and rumors spread that the Jews had filled the trucks full of Palestinian bodies."

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to start its mission, be disbanded, and it was on May 2. On May 4, Israel was isolated in an open debate in the Security Council. The deputy US ambassador to the UN,

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loomed. US military observers were sent to study the fighting. US officers dressed in IDF uniforms were reportedly present during the final stages of the battle. The

2240: 2133: 1280:, who initially said that 33 soldiers had died in Jenin. This contradicted not only most IDF and other sources, but also IDF figures of 30 Israeli deaths total in 756:

The Israeli command sent in three thrusts consisting mainly of the reservist 5th Infantry Brigade from the town of Jenin to the north, as well as a company of the

745:, everywhere. We welcome them, and we have prepared a special graveyard in the Jenin camp for them. We swore on the martyrs that we would place a curfew on the 1375: 1550:

Avi Pazner, an Israeli Government spokesman, said he expected the UN mission to investigate "terrorist activity" and guarantee immunity for Israeli soldiers.

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was quickly assembled. Mofaz told Rothberg that negotiation over the bodies might force the IDF to halt the operation and get it in trouble similar to the

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residents. He oversaw access to the entrances to the camp, instituted roadblocks, investigated "suspicious characters" and kept unwanted strangers away.

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legally binding, and that the mission would only investigate events inside the camp, but may have to interview residents currently displaced outside.

6266: 6254: 5805: 2426: 1447:, saying, "If you hide something from me, that means first and foremost that you want to hide it, and secondly, that you have done something wrong." 1139: 1063: 412: 6395: 5286: 4832: 4827: 381: 2485:"Jenin ground zero: Exactly what happened in the devastated Jenin refugee camp remains unknown. But for its residents, "There is no future left."" 1718: 753:

to refuse his orders, because entering the camp... the capital of the martyrs' , will, Allah willing, be the last thing they do in their lives".

6402: 4272: 1465: 4009: 3221: 1345:. Human Rights Watch reported that of the Palestinians killed, "many of them were killed willfully or unlawfully, and in some cases constituted 6324: 6309: 6303: 6153: 5369: 4699: 2875: 4674: 1687: 1154:

The BBC reported that ten percent of the camp was "virtually rubbed out by a dozen armoured Israeli bulldozers." David Holley, a Major in the

6440: 5728: 5669: 5307: 4862: 4090: 3173: 2844: 2813: 1417:, a Palestinian doctor claimed that on the second day, the city's hospital was hit by eleven tank shells. However, in both Rehov's film and 6499: 3019: 2637: 628:

attributes at least 31 militant attacks, totaling 124 victims, to Jenin during the same period, more than any other city in the West Bank.

6377: 6297: 1543:

official said, "We were the sponsors of that and we want it implemented as written. We support the initiative of the secretary general."

3751: 3496:

Report of the Secretary-General prepared pursuant to General Assembly resolution ES-10/10. Annex IV : Report of the European Union

789: 6098: 4692: 316: 2967: 5964: 5938: 5363: 4628: 3195: 2650: 1570: 1499: 1342: 1272:, the death toll was 55 Palestinians. Israeli officials estimated that 52 Palestinians were killed: 38 armed men and 14 civilians. 1059: 2751: 6422: 5479: 677: 3667: 2470: 5740: 5686: 5357: 4658: 3048: 3035: 1824: 648:

which has been called a massacre and resulted in the deaths of 16 Israeli civilians, and over 40 more civilians being injured.

528: 2799: 2187: 6484: 6069: 5996: 5986: 5928: 4543: 4522: 4503: 4480: 4458: 4439: 4373: 4354: 4289: 4256: 2663: 2077: 1612: 536: 1054:

On April 15 humanitarian aid organizations were granted access to the camp for the first time since the invasion had begun.

833: 821: 296:

at least 140 buildings completely destroyed, severe damage caused 200 additional buildings rendered uninhabitable or unsafe.

5723: 3597: 2389: 432: 309: 3837: 2706: 51: 6479: 6234: 5859: 4534: 2137: 1318:

of 56, as disclosed by Kadoura Mousa Kadoura, the director of Yasser Arafat's Fatah movement for the northern West Bank.

427: 6494: 5982: 5960: 4857: 4217: 3965: 3886: 2781: 2224: 946:

helicopter carrying dozens of troops shot down, the death of the Ramatkal's deputy, and a heart attack suffered by the

4606: 5837: 5747: 4791: 4589: 4570: 4420: 4399: 4331: 4308: 2345: 2278: 2160: 1970: 1155: 1039:

ordered the IDF to stop removing the bodies of Palestinians killed in battle until after a hearing on the matter. MK

777: 496:. On April 11, Palestinian militants began to surrender. Israeli troops began withdrawing from the camp on April 18. 3776: 1134:

The battle attracted the interest of the US military, which was trying to build a doctrine for urban warfare as the

6412: 6291: 6216: 6014: 6002: 5992: 5876: 5608: 4715: 1055: 935: 922:

A reconnaissance aircraft documented much of the fight and the footage was transmitted live and was watched in the

637: 1893: 6210: 5847: 5797: 5753: 5694: 2214: 1559: 1461: 1226:, this figure also including fatalities outside of the Jenin camp, in other areas of the West Bank. On April 11, 405: 2307: 1192:"If we had moved into the building where they were ambushed, we would have buried all those Palestinians alive. 6135: 4842: 3610: 6286: 5924: 5843: 4872: 4039: 3341: 2993: 1786:"Report of the Secretary-General prepared pursuant to General Assembly resolution ES-10/10 (Report on Jenin)" 1305:

Israel denied charges of a massacre, and a lone April 9 report in the Israeli press stating Foreign Minister

1208: 976: 5589: 3859: 3782: 1789: 465:

on April 1–11, 2002. The Israeli military invaded the camp, and other areas under the administration of the

6008: 5932: 4852: 4822: 2488: 1190:"But the real thing started the day 13 of our soldiers were killed up that alley in the Jenin refugee camp. 1112: 947: 459: 157: 81: 3077: 2430: 1569:

convened the following day to discuss Israel's decision not to grant entry to the UN team. Meanwhile, the

1051:

confirmed to Israeli media on April 14 that the army intended to bury the bodies in the special cemetery.

6082: 5920: 5735: 5681: 5549: 1024: 785: 4121: 3495: 3142: 1785: 1313:

Subsequent investigations and reports by the United Nations, Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch,

6222: 6198: 6165: 6141: 5773: 5675: 4786: 3199: 1733: 1281: 1247:, accused Israel of killing 900 Palestinians in the camp and burying them in mass graves. On April 14, 1223: 661: 632: 474: 369: 39: 911:

fighting, the battalion suffered five casualties. On April 8, the Golani Brigade's commander, Colonel

6123: 5916: 5785: 5498: 5397: 5196: 4847: 3229: 2940: 1204: 849: 603: 393: 185: 180: 152: 3777:

LAW-The Palestinian Society for the Protection of Human Rights & the Environment (May 8, 2002).

3165: 2891: 6504: 6417: 6093: 5948: 5897: 5870: 5555: 3072: 1695: 1515: 1469: 595: 524: 4098: 512:

According to Palestinian writer Ramzy Baroud, the event is "known by many as the Jenin massacre".

5620: 4771: 3690: 2852: 2821: 2707:"Palestinians bury their dead in Jenin: Troops pull back, tanks ring perimeter of West Bank camp" 1530:, the cabinet secretary, threatened to ban the team from entering Jenin. In private discussions, 923: 872: 3532:"Israel and the Occupied Territories Shielded from Scrutiny: IDF violations in Jenin and Nablus" 2188:"Israeli man succumbs to wounds sustained in 2002 Hamas suicide bombing - Haaretz - Israel News" 1848:"Israel and the Occupied Territories Shielded from Scrutiny: IDF violations in Jenin and Nablus" 855: 813: 6489: 6186: 6182: 5791: 5663: 5523: 4630:

Israel and the Occupied Territories: Shielded from scrutiny: IDF violations in Jenin and Nablus

3934: 3454: 3427: 3115: 1444: 1378:, held a press conference on May 8, disputing the conclusions drawn by Israel. LAW stated that 1146:

delegation was sent to Israel to make changes to US Marine Corps doctrine based on the battle.

773: 749:

cities and avenge every drop of blood spilled upon our sacred land. We call on the soldiers of

20: 3912: 3560: 2612: 2600: 5801: 5545: 5231: 4806: 4746: 3755: 3535: 1851: 1366: 1298: 1169: 1159: 1143: 1135: 1032: 912: 886: 576: 481: 466: 288: 280: 141: 131: 4535:

Victory for Us Is to See You Suffer: In the West Bank with the Palestinians and the Israelis

3378: 1585:, said it was "regrettable" Israel had decided not to cooperate with the fact-finding team. 1062:

staff entered the camp, accompanied by the IDF. Officials from the Red Crescent told lawyer

6331: 6228: 6159: 6018: 5976: 5942: 5882: 5853: 5633: 5627: 5410: 5349: 5344: 5325: 5221: 1519: 1128: 848:

drove along a three-quarter-mile stretch of the main street to clear it of booby traps. An

548: 4650: 4168: 3531: 1873: 1847: 1816: 622:, who worked in a record store while also heading the local PIJ cell. Israeli army weekly 8: 6390: 6372: 5527: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5422: 5058: 4634: 2072:. Vol. 56. New York: United Nations Publications. pp. 434{{subst:en dash}}435. 1582: 1566: 1435: 980:

An Israeli soldier at the end of the battle on the eve of the IDF's withdrawal from Jenin

560: 3400: 1989: 6385: 6204: 6088: 5954: 5533: 5516: 5236: 5033: 4343: 4320: 4266: 4245: 3315: 2987: 2552: 2165: 2067: 1495: 1427:, the supposed hits shown on Jenin hospital were compared to an actual building hit by 1362: 1323: 1165: 1036: 842: 400: 348: 293: 275: 253: 2116:

Kiron, Omri; Al-Peleg, Daniel (September 4, 2009). "BeGeder Hatzlaha (Hebrew title)".

1719:"Tactics, The Essential Debate: Combined Arms and the Close Battle in Complex Terrain" 5504: 5462: 5330: 5028: 4877: 4585: 4566: 4539: 4518: 4499: 4476: 4454: 4435: 4416: 4410: 4395: 4369: 4350: 4327: 4304: 4285: 4252: 4195: 4064: 3663: 3509: 3349: 3280: 3093: 2883: 2681: 2361: 2274: 2220: 2091: 2083: 2073: 2034: 1966: 1937: 1487: 1456: 1413: 1244: 845: 781: 657: 493: 4515:

Water, power and politics in the Middle East: the other Israeli-Palestinian conflict

4388: 56:

Aerial photograph of the battle area in Jenin, taken two days after the battle ended

6407: 6260: 5781: 5759: 5595: 5456: 5166: 5131: 5078: 4963: 4146: 3829: 2241:"In Jenin refugee camp, anger is directed at both Israel and Palestinian Authority" 1491: 1240: 939: 729: 386: 353: 230: 214: 1486:

The composition of the fact-finding team was announced on April 22. Led by former

5767: 5708: 5600: 5508: 5211: 5181: 5171: 5136: 5106: 4968: 4491: 1960: 1586: 1358: 1177: 1079: 964: 881: 619: 615: 611: 591: 470: 361: 333: 226: 222: 43: 4242: 2397: 1506:, the former UN high commissioner for refugees who was Japan's special envoy on 1100:

The Israelis said they found explosive-making labs and factories for assembling

5647: 5614: 5583: 5430: 5246: 5161: 5156: 5073: 5063: 4973: 4882: 4837: 4684: 4468: 2714: 2191: 1574: 1455:

On April 18, as Israeli troops began pulling out of Jenin and Nablus, UN envoy

1418: 1379: 1074: 761: 4303:(in Hebrew). Tel-Aviv: Yedioth Aharonoth Books and Chemed Books. p. 431. 543:. Covering an area of 0.423 square kilometers, in 2002, it was home to 13,055 6473: 6455: 6442: 5970: 5251: 5241: 5226: 5206: 5201: 5146: 5141: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5053: 5003: 4751: 4678: 3353: 3007:

Surveillance and Control in Israel/Palestine: Population, Territory and Power

2887: 2161:"MIDEAST TURMOIL: THE VIOLENCE; Bomber Strikes Jews and Arabs At Rare Refuge" 2095: 2087: 1924:- "Fifty-four Palestinians and 23 Israeli soldiers were killed in the melee." 1607: 1555: 1539:

citing the lack of military experts. The US rebuked Sharon's decision, and a

1397: 1350: 1253: 1119: 1101: 798: 769: 757: 704:

Since the previous Israeli withdrawal, Palestinian militants had prepared by

645: 527:

was established in 1953 within Jenin's municipal boundaries on land that the

4612: 3255: 664:

began on March 29 with an incursion into Ramallah, followed by Tulkarem and

480:

Israeli forces employed infantry, commando forces, and assault helicopters.

6129: 5539: 5261: 5256: 5191: 5186: 5176: 5151: 5126: 5098: 5068: 5043: 4993: 4383: 3565: 1628: 1551: 1531: 1503: 1480: 1472: 1408: 1384: 1329: 1306: 1277: 1269: 1182: 1044: 931: 907: 793: 750: 722: 641: 580: 552: 501: 455: 4412:

The Other War: Israelis, Palestinians and the Struggle for Media Supremacy

2553:"Citation to Golani battalion commander badly wounded in Defensive Shield" 1069:

Palestinian Society for the Protection of Human Rights and the Environment

594:' capital", the camp's militants, some 200 armed men, included members of 488:

locations throughout the camp, and after an Israeli column walked into an

6192: 5450: 5338: 5083: 5048: 5038: 5023: 5013: 4998: 4988: 4983: 4948: 4902: 3069: 1915: 1845:

Every Palestinian male between 15 and 55 was counted as a militant. See

1540: 1535: 1527: 1507: 1374:

person is wrapped in a green sheet and marched in a procession. LAW, the

1294: 1227: 1215: 1048: 927: 898: 765: 728:

As the fighting started, Ali Safouri, a commander of the Islamic Jihad's

540: 984: 660:

in Netanya resulted in at least 30 casualties and 140 wounded. Israel's

5018: 5008: 4978: 4958: 4953: 1577:. On April 30, Annan urged that the UN team, which had been waiting in 1476: 1440: 1401: 1346: 1235: 1040: 865: 685: 485: 1222:, estimated that there were a total of 500 Palestinians killed during 6117: 5216: 5088: 4907: 3814: 1423: 1393: 1353:, Director of the Palestinian American Research Center in Ramallah. 1261: 1108: 988:

Aerial photograph of the area demolished in the Jenin camp's central

734: 710: 705: 669: 564: 462: 84: 1341:

At the same time, Human rights organizations and some media reports

4940: 4761: 4738: 3935:"Ben-Eliezer, Peres to Annan: Israel unhappy with Jenin delegation" 2118: 1594: 1502:(controversial in Israel for previous "Red Swastika" remarks), and 1431:

tank shelling, suggesting that the supposed hit marks were staged.

894: 665: 624: 571:

who moved into the area in the late 1970s, and those who came from

2136:. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. July 2, 2002. Archived from 1962:

Searching Jenin: eyewitness accounts of the Israeli invasion, 2002

1716: 301: 4582:

Searching Jenin: Eyewitness Accounts of the Israeli Invasion 2002

3459: 3432: 3379:"Conflict in the Middle East: Fierce Fighting Continues in Jenin" 1590: 1428: 1248: 1219: 1123: 1011: 852:

officer logged 124 separate explosions set off by the bulldozer.

746: 681: 614:

were dispatched from the Jenin camp from 2000 to 2003 during the

568: 2915:"Arafat Finally Leaves Ramallah, But Avoids Testy Crowd at Camp" 1534:, Major General and Head of the IDF Operation Branch, convinced 4756: 2814:"Court: IDF can't move bodies; Lieberman: Barak must be ousted" 1578: 1434:

Lorenzo Cremonesi, the correspondent for the Italian newspaper

802: 693: 599: 572: 559:, and many maintain close ties with their relatives inside the 532: 489: 162: 126: 118: 2216:

A New Shoah: The Untold Story of Israel's Victims of Terrorism

4801: 4796: 4091:"Security Council meets after Israel denies entry to UN team" 2811: 2752:"Court rejects petitions demanding IDF not remove Jenin dead" 1993: 1370: 1257: 742: 738: 607: 556: 544: 521: 452: 174: 169: 146: 77: 764:

from the southwest. The force of 1,000 troops also included

3587:

BBC: "Charges of war crimes committed by Israel were made."

2115: 1688:"Inside the Battle of Jenin : Untangling Jenin's Tale" 955: 2812:

Harel, Amos; Anat Cygielman; Jalal Bana (April 13, 2002).

2749: 1382:

who was in Jenin on April 28, making his documentary film

792:. The 5th Infantry Brigade did not have any experience in 716: 68:

April 1–11, 2002 (Israeli troop withdrawal began April 18)

4633:. Amnesty International. November 4, 2002. Archived from 4390:

Arafat's War: The Man and His Battle for Israeli Conquest

4243:

Europa Regional Surveys of the World 2004 Series (2004).

3718:"Digging beneath the surface in the Middle East conflict" 1031:

The same day, in response to a petition presented by the

859:

Israeli soldiers occupying a building during the fighting

618:. One of the key planners for several of the attacks was 4282:

Cities, war, and terrorism: towards an urban geopolitics

699: 551:. Most of the camp's residents originally hail from the 4432:

The global human right to health: dream or possibility?

4322:

The Arab-Israeli Wars: War and Peace in the Middle East

2750:

Harel, Amos; Gideon Alon; Jalal Bana (April 14, 2002).

1965:. Bridge between the cultures. Cune Press. p. 21. 1916:"Weary West Bank fighters watch Gaza assault from afar" 1396:, said: "Today, I would send a reporter in every APC". 1333:

opined that what happened in Jenin was not a massacre.

3779:"Law refutes Israeli claims of staged Jenin 'burials'" 3075:

in Hebrew. English translation of the full interview:

1376:

Palestinian Society for the Protection of Human Rights

631:

Prior to the undertaking of the Israeli operation the

5283: 3830:"Why Israel should let foreign journalists into Gaza" 2427:"Palestinian fighter describes 'hard fight' in Jenin" 1573:

lobby in Washington was called to pressure Annan and

876:

Israeli soldiers during operational activity in Jenin

274:

52 dead (at least 27 militants and 22 civilians) per

4473:

The road map to nowhere: Israel/Palestine since 2003

4451:

Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law, Volume 5

3884: 3691:"The Only Truth About Jenin Is the Israeli Cover-Up" 3561:"Not a massacre, but a brutal breach of war's rules" 3455:"Peres fears Palestinians will distort Jenin battle" 1717:

Lieutenant Colonel David Kilcullen (December 2003).

788:

that would line the alleys of the camp according to

492:, the army began to rely more heavily on the use of 4498:(Illustrated ed.). Columbia University Press. 4489: 4298: 4119: 4084: 4082: 3342:"Evidence and Reality Collide in a Battle of Words" 2676: 2674: 2672: 4387: 4363: 4342: 4319: 4317: 4244: 2842: 4169:"Israel isolated in UN debate over Jenin mission" 3932: 3428:"Peres calls IDF operation in Jenin a 'massacre'" 3078:"I made them a stadium in the middle of the camp" 1243:. On April 13, Palestinian Information Minister, 1234:On April 12, Brigadier-General Ron Kitri said on 1140:United States Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory 563:. Other camp residents include Palestinians from 6471: 4714: 4584:. Seattle, Washington: Cune Press. p. 256. 4496:Nakba: Palestine, 1948, and the claims of memory 4079: 4059: 4057: 4036:"U.N. delays arrival of Jenin team until Sunday" 3887:"Israel: We have nothing to hide in Jenin probe" 3393: 2669: 2482: 2308:"The Palestinian Account of the Battle of Jenin" 760:from the southeast and Battalion 51 of the 658:suicide bombing attack on a Passover celebration 279:53 dead (48 militants and 5 civilians) per the 4565:. Israel: Modan Publishing House. p. 304. 4448: 4284:(22nd, illustrated ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. 4161: 3030: 3028: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2733: 1907: 1483:stand trial before an international tribunal". 4611:. United Nations. June 7, 2002. Archived from 3959: 3957: 3955: 3638:"Amnesty Accuses Israeli Forces of War Crimes" 3425: 3256:"Jenin 'massacre' reduced to death toll of 56" 3086: 2974:. Archived from the original on April 11, 2003 2845:"Court told: IDF leaving dead to rot in Jenin" 2843:Hass, Amira; Moshe Reinfeld (April 16, 2002). 2454: 1865: 1762: 1760: 1758: 1756: 1754: 4700: 4054: 3885:Vulliamy, Ed; Graham Usher (April 21, 2002). 3401:"Jerusalem suicide bomber kills at least six" 3373: 3371: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2271:Europa World Year Book 2: Kazakhstan-Zimbabwe 2061: 2059: 2057: 2055: 2028: 2026: 2024: 2022: 1894:"Sderot as Stalingrad, Hamas as blind Samson" 1885: 317: 3991: 3989: 3987: 3933:Benn, Aluf; Shlomo Shamir (April 23, 2002). 3752:"IDF: Tape shows Palestinians faked funeral" 3025: 2787: 2730: 2571: 2503: 2356: 2354: 2284: 1932: 1930: 287:Dozens of houses destroyed according to the 6378:Comparisons between Israel and Nazi Germany 5908: 5829: 4271:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4223: 4210: 4120:Curtius, Mary; William Orme (May 1, 2002). 3952: 3611:"Rights group accuses Israel of war crimes" 3554: 3552: 3108: 3041: 2656: 2623: 2621: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2547: 2545: 2535: 2533: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2517: 2515: 2331: 2329: 2012: 2010: 1958: 1811: 1809: 1807: 1751: 4707: 4693: 4349:(2nd, illustrated ed.). I.B. Tauris. 4340: 4003: 4001: 3963: 3797: 3735: 3664:"Amnesty says Jenin operation 'war crime'" 3661: 3655: 3603: 3489: 3447: 3419: 3368: 3012: 2769: 2630: 2412: 2052: 2019: 1780: 1778: 1776: 1774: 1772: 1450: 801:. Anticipating the heaviest resistance in 324: 310: 50: 4429: 4251:(50th, illustrated ed.). Routledge. 4147:"Annan disbands Jenin investigation team" 4038:. CNN.com. April 26, 2002. Archived from 4028: 3984: 3827: 3821: 3635: 3629: 3249: 3247: 2959: 2721: 2643: 2463: 2429:. CNN.com. April 23, 2002. Archived from 2351: 1927: 1468:to send a fact-finding mission to Jenin. 1336: 825:A wounded Israeli soldier being evacuated 5716: 5655: 5575: 5490: 5389: 5315: 4608:Report of the Secretary-General on Jenin 4560: 4532:Winslow, Philip C. (September 1, 2008). 4467: 4368:(Revised ed.). Human Rights Watch. 4229:Sa'di and Abu-Lughod, 2007, pp. 128–129. 4113: 3928: 3926: 3878: 3852: 3781:. Rex Brynen on FOFOGNET. Archived from 3695:Washington Report on Middle East Affairs 3558: 3549: 3426:Benn, Aluf; Amos Harel (April 9, 2002). 3313: 3307: 3300: 3298: 3094:"Israeli pull-out on hold after bombing" 2938: 2932: 2873: 2867: 2805: 2701: 2699: 2618: 2580: 2577:Harel and Isacharoff (2004), pp. 256–257 2542: 2530: 2512: 2509:Harel and Isacharoff (2004), pp. 253–254 2445: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2326: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2290:Harel and Isacharoff (2004), pp. 254–255 2007: 1984: 1982: 1872:Dickey, Christopher (January 14, 2009). 1804: 1766:Harel and Isacharoff (2004), pp. 257–258 1571:American Israel Public Affairs Committee 1500:International Committee of the Red Cross 1060:International Committee of the Red Cross 983: 975: 871: 854: 832: 820: 812: 196:Independent Palestinian mujahid factions 6423:There was no such thing as Palestinians 6054: 4661:from the original on September 14, 2008 4531: 4408: 4341:Gresh, Alain; Vidal, Dominique (2004). 4187: 3998: 3828:Cremonesi, Lorenzo (January 12, 2009). 3744: 3709: 3682: 3590: 3510:"'No Jenin massacre' says rights group" 3196:"Palestinians: Hundreds in mass graves" 3140: 2338: 1827:from the original on September 14, 2008 1792:from the original on September 11, 2009 1769: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1675: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1667: 1665: 1663: 1287: 1175:On May 31, 2002, the Israeli newspaper 717:Evacuation orders and start of fighting 678:Palestinian National and Islamic Forces 6472: 4579: 4279: 4193: 4122:"Annan Urges U.N. to Drop Jenin Probe" 4007: 3964:Goldenberg, Suzanne (April 24, 2002). 3840:from the original on February 27, 2009 3754:. CNN.com. May 3, 2002. Archived from 3273: 3253: 3244: 3166:"How Jenin battle became a 'massacre'" 3054: 2965: 2912: 2906: 2314:from the original on September 9, 2008 2251:from the original on February 11, 2023 2212: 2206: 2158: 2065: 1871: 1710: 1661: 1659: 1657: 1655: 1653: 1651: 1649: 1647: 1645: 1643: 640:, a Palestinian suicide bombing of an 531:(UNRWA) leased from the government of 529:United Nations Relief and Works Agency 6361: 6043: 5282: 4928: 4726: 4688: 4517:(Illustrated ed.). I.B. Tauris. 4512: 4449:McDonald, Avril; Fischer, H. (2005). 4382: 4366:Human Rights Watch World Report, 2003 4247:The Middle East and North Africa 2004 4010:"Israel defies UN over Jenin mission" 3923: 3316:"Ten-day ordeal in crucible of Jenin" 3295: 3222:"Jenin refugee camp emerges defeated" 3163: 3157: 2696: 2476: 2376: 2293: 1979: 1938:"Jenin camp 'horrific beyond belief'" 1613:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight 1090: 700:Booby-trapping of homes and buildings 305: 6325:South African allegation of genocide 4580:Baroud, Ramzy Mohammed, ed. (2003). 4318:Herzog, Chaim; Shlomo Gazit (2005). 4299:Harel, Amos; Avi Isacharoff (2004). 4139: 4088: 4065:"Jenin mission delayed until Sunday" 3670:from the original on January 5, 2009 3662:MacWilliam, Ian (November 4, 2002). 3636:Greenberg, Joel (November 4, 2002). 3507: 3501: 3176:from the original on October 5, 2008 2836: 2247:. Associated Press. April 16, 2022. 2126: 2069:Yearbook of the United Nations: 2002 1685: 1095: 1000: 6500:2002 in the Palestinian territories 6396:Israeli criticism of the occupation 4430:MacDonald, Théodore Harney (2007). 3995:Harel and Isacharoff (2004), p. 260 3966:"Israel blocks UN mission to Jenin" 3770: 3715: 3688: 3334: 2682:"Jenin 'massacre evidence growing'" 2627:Harel and Isacharoff (2004), p. 258 2591:Harel and Isacharoff (2004), p. 257 2539:Harel and Isacharoff (2004), p. 256 2527:Harel and Isacharoff (2004), p. 255 2483:Ferry Biedermann (April 19, 2002). 2362:"Expert weighs up Jenin 'massacre'" 2335:Harel and Isacharoff (2004), p. 259 2273:Published by Taylor & Francis, 2032: 2016:Harel and Isacharoff (2004), p. 254 1891: 1640: 1218:, on a phone interview to CNN from 971: 331: 13: 4554: 3559:Beaumont, Peter (April 25, 2002). 3314:Beaumont, Peter (April 14, 2002). 2269:Taylor & Francis Group (2004) 2233: 1913: 1264:, said the number of dead was 56. 14: 6516: 6044: 5417:Attacks against Israeli civilians 4792:Palestine Liberation Organization 4599: 3304:Herzog & Gazit (2005), p. 433 2968:"A street fight called Jeningrad" 2874:Saporito, Bill (April 14, 2002). 1600: 610:. By Israel's count, at least 28 6217:Agreement on Movement and Access 6148:US security assistance to the PA 6070:Palestinian expulsion and flight 5609:1983 West Bank fainting epidemic 4727: 4651:"Jenin: IDF Military Operations" 2939:Whitaker, Brian (May 14, 2002). 2713:. April 21, 2002. Archived from 2387: 1817:"Jenin: IDF Military Operations" 1056:Palestinian Red Crescent Society 936:2000 Hezbollah cross-border raid 864:center – the Hawashin district. 638:Matza restaurant suicide bombing 190: 179: 168: 140: 125: 111: 6267:Israeli–Palestinian peace talks 6255:Israeli–Palestinian peace talks 6211:Israeli disengagement from Gaza 5695:Cave of the Patriarchs massacre 4929: 4475:(Illustrated ed.). Verso. 4235: 4196:"UN condemns Israel over Jenin" 4008:Philps, Alan (April 25, 2002). 3905: 3806: 3581: 3524: 3475: 3214: 3188: 3141:Wedeman, Ben (April 11, 2002). 3134: 3063: 3000: 2606: 2594: 2263: 2219:. Encounter Books. p. 47. 2180: 2159:Bennet, James (April 1, 2002). 2152: 2109: 1952: 1560:Israeli Communications Minister 1462:United Nations Security Council 1369:wanted "to turn Jenin into an ' 575:after the establishment of the 6075:depopulated towns and villages 5860:Palestinian militancy campaign 4453:. Cambridge University Press. 4345:The new A-Z of the Middle East 3281:"UN says no massacre in Jenin" 3164:Sadeh, Sharon (May 16, 2002). 2966:Belden, Paul (April 9, 2003). 2913:Bennet, James (May 14, 2002). 2727:Gresh and Vidal, 2004, p. 170. 2613:Intifada: Palestine and Israel 2601:American Jewish Year Book 2003 2396:. No. 582. Archived from 1839: 1627:, a song by singer/songwriter 1343:charged Israel with war crimes 930:naval commandos under Colonel 590:Known to Palestinians as "the 1: 4089:Benn, Aluf (April 29, 2002). 3860:"UN to send mission to Jenin" 3596:Human Rights Watch, 2004, p. 2876:"Jenin: Defiant to the Death" 2066:Gordon, Kathryn, ed. (2004). 1634: 1494:, the other two members were 1209:Palestinian casualties of war 1198: 579:(PA) with the signing of the 515: 248:2 regular infantry battalions 16:Battle of the Second Intifada 6485:Jenin in the Second Intifada 6362: 4716:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 4657:. 14, No. 3 (E) (May 2002). 4216:Sa'di and Abu-Lughod, 2007, 3254:Martin, Paul (May 1, 2002). 2941:"Anger as Arafat shuns camp" 2662:McDonald and Fischer, 2005, 2134:"Suicide Bombers from Jenin" 1823:. 14, No. 3 (E) (May 2002). 1181:published an interview with 7: 5736:Palestinian suicide attacks 5682:Palestinian suicide attacks 4409:Gutmann, Stephanie (2005). 4364:Human Rights Watch (2003). 4194:Watson, Rob (May 8, 2002). 3143:"Access to Jenin difficult" 2460:Gutmann (2005), pp. 163–164 2035:"Jenin rises from the dirt" 1686:Rees, Matt (May 13, 2002). 1618: 259:Some 200 – several hundreds 10: 6521: 6480:Operation Defensive Shield 6223:Valley of Peace initiative 6166:Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum 5848:Jerusalem bulldozer attack 5724:Palestinian rocket attacks 4787:All-Palestine Protectorate 3508:Wood, Paul (May 3, 2002). 3200:United Press International 3116:"Colin Powell's Challenge" 3060:Winslow (2008), pp. 69–70. 2122:(in Hebrew) (3003): 31–32. 2033:Lee, Ken (June 24, 2003). 1498:, former president of the 1282:Operation Defensive Shield 1224:Operation Defensive Shield 1202: 1158:and a military adviser to 1149: 1142:studied the battle, and a 662:Operation Defensive Shield 651: 484:had prepared for a fight, 475:Operation Defensive Shield 246:1 reserve infantry brigade 40:Operation Defensive Shield 18: 6495:April 2002 events in Asia 6456:32.4602889°N 35.3013556°E 6368: 6357: 6279: 6246: 6174: 6109: 6061: 6050: 6039: 5895: 5838:"Bringing Home the Goods" 5818: 5707: 5646: 5568: 5499:Avivim school bus bombing 5477: 5382: 5306: 5302: 5278: 5097: 4939: 4935: 4924: 4895: 4815: 4779: 4770: 4737: 4733: 4722: 3917:www.jewishworldreview.com 3463:. Reuters. April 10, 2002 3381:. CNN.com. April 12, 2002 2992:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 2800:pp. 219–220, footnote #12 2559:(in Hebrew). July 8, 2002 1205:Israeli casualties of war 850:Israeli Engineering Corps 817:Israeli soldiers in Jenin 808: 604:Palestinian Islamic Jihad 507: 343: 286: 263: 240: 200: 186:Palestinian Islamic Jihad 158:Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades 153:Preventive Security Force 103: 60: 49: 37: 32: 6418:Timeline of anti-Zionism 5939:Egypt–Gaza border breach 5844:Jerusalem yeshiva attack 5556:Misgav Am hostage crisis 4561:Goldberg, Brett (2003). 4434:. Radcliffe Publishing. 4326:. Vintage. p. 560. 4280:Graham, Stephen (2004). 3866:. London. April 20, 2002 3407:. London. April 12, 2002 1516:Israeli Defense Minister 1470:Israeli Foreign Minister 1156:British Territorial Army 837:An Israeli tank in Jenin 778:Combat Engineering Corps 596:Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades 19:Not to be confused with 6003:"Guardian of the Walls" 5877:Israel–Palestine crisis 4675:Untangling Jenin's Tale 4149:. RTÉ News. May 3, 2002 3080:. By Tsadok Yeheskeli, 2213:Meotti, Giulio (2003). 1726:Australian Army Journal 1451:UN fact-finding mission 1113:Chief of Staff citation 924:Israeli Central Command 6461:32.4602889; 35.3013556 6142:Gaza–Jericho Agreement 5921:Gaza cross-border raid 5792:Ain es Saheb airstrike 5748:Israeli assassinations 5550:South Lebanon conflict 5524:Kiryat Shmona massacre 3803:Gutmann (2005), p. 167 3741:Gutmann (2005), p. 171 3073:Moshe Nissim interview 2469:Gresh and Vidal, 2004 1337:War crimes allegations 1029: 993: 981: 877: 860: 838: 826: 818: 201:Commanders and leaders 21:Battle of Jenin (1948) 5820:Palestinian dissident 5676:Temple Mount killings 5546:Coastal Road massacre 5232:Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi 4807:Palestinian Authority 4747:Israel Defense Forces 4637:on September 29, 2008 4615:on September 11, 2008 4067:. BBC. April 27, 2002 3913:"Charles Krauthammer" 3758:on September 28, 2008 3536:Amnesty International 3346:Sydney Morning Herald 3283:. BBC. August 1, 2002 3232:on September 29, 2007 3096:. BBC. April 10, 2002 2684:. BBC. April 18, 2002 2364:. BBC. April 29, 2002 1940:. BBC. April 18, 2002 1852:Amnesty International 1739:on September 12, 2014 1367:Palestinian Authority 1299:Amnesty International 1170:Amnesty International 1160:Amnesty International 1144:Joint Chiefs of Staff 1136:2003 invasion of Iraq 1021: 987: 979: 887:Amnesty International 875: 858: 841:To reach the camp, a 836: 824: 816: 794:close quarters combat 790:Military Intelligence 784:for neutralizing the 644:-owned restaurant in 577:Palestinian Authority 482:Palestinian militants 467:Palestinian Authority 264:Casualties and losses 132:Israel Defense Forces 6332:Nicaragua v. Germany 6292:Palestine and the UN 6229:Annapolis Conference 6160:Wye River Memorandum 5983:Gaza border protests 5977:Freedom Flotilla III 5933:Beit Hanoun shelling 5917:Gaza beach explosion 5634:Night of the Gliders 5222:Izz ad-Din al-Qassam 4386:(October 26, 2004). 4042:on February 11, 2008 3260:The Washington Times 2717:on November 4, 2012. 2451:Karsh (2004), p. 233 2400:on September 7, 2008 1990:"Jenin Refugee Camp" 1959:Turk, M. A. (2003). 1520:Benjamin Ben-Eliezer 1288:Massacre allegations 1129:Battle of Stalingrad 893:IDF chief of staff ( 869:propelled grenades. 772:special forces, the 549:Palestinian refugees 451:, took place in the 6452: / 6413:Racism in Palestine 6391:Criticism of Israel 6373:Anti-Palestinianism 6199:Quartet established 6083:Lausanne Conference 5965:"Pillar of Defense" 5871:Temple Mount crisis 5806:"Days of Penitence" 5590:Zion Square bombing 5423:Reprisal operations 5411:Fedayeen insurgency 5292:military operations 5059:Amnon Lipkin-Shahak 4513:Selby, Jan (2003). 4415:. Encounter Books. 3615:The Washington Post 3049:p. 221, footnote #4 1732:(2). Archived from 1567:UN Security Council 1464:unanimously passed 1436:Corriere della Sera 948:Minister of Defense 537:ruled the West Bank 349:October 2000 events 6386:Criticism of Hamas 6339:Israeli occupation 6238:Israel controversy 6187:Clinton Parameters 6146:1994–present 6089:Israeli settlement 6087:1967–present 6015:"Shield and Arrow" 5955:Gaza flotilla raid 5865:2015–2016 violence 5774:"Defensive Shield" 5534:Savoy Hotel attack 5517:Lillehammer affair 5409:1948–present 5237:Ali Hassan Salameh 5034:Benjamin Netanyahu 4896:Third-party groups 4655:Human Rights Watch 4101:on October 1, 2007 3642:The New York Times 3617:. November 4, 2002 3348:. April 16, 2002. 2919:The New York Times 2855:on October 2, 2007 2824:on October 1, 2007 2433:on January 9, 2008 2166:The New York Times 1892:Burston, Bradley. 1821:Human Rights Watch 1788:. United Nations. 1496:Cornelio Sommaruga 1363:Al-Quds University 1324:Human Rights Watch 1256:, director of the 1166:Human Rights Watch 1091:Invasion aftermath 1037:Israeli High Court 1035:organization, the 994: 982: 878: 861: 839: 827: 819: 680:who had fought in 535:, who at the time 494:armored bulldozers 256:armored bulldozers 213:Hazem Qabha 6435: 6434: 6431: 6430: 6353: 6352: 6349: 6348: 6319:Wall construction 6310:UN Resolution 242 6304:UN Resolution 194 6298:UN Resolution 181 6287:Israel and the UN 6275: 6274: 6183:Camp David Summit 6124:Madrid Conference 6099:international law 6035: 6034: 6031: 6030: 6027: 6026: 5971:"Protective Edge" 5891: 5890: 5814: 5813: 5786:"Determined Path" 5703: 5702: 5642: 5641: 5564: 5563: 5505:Sabena Flight 571 5473: 5472: 5463:Battle of Karameh 5421:1950s–1960s 5378: 5377: 5364:Jewish insurgency 5331:Battle of Tel Hai 5274: 5273: 5270: 5269: 5029:Yitzhak Mordechai 4920: 4919: 4916: 4915: 4891: 4890: 4878:Sabireen Movement 4762:Shabak (Shin Bet) 4545:978-0-8070-6907-3 4524:978-1-86064-934-9 4505:978-0-231-13579-5 4490:Sa'di, Ahmad H.; 4482:978-1-84467-076-5 4460:978-90-6704-189-8 4441:978-1-84619-201-2 4375:978-1-56432-285-2 4356:978-1-86064-326-2 4291:978-1-4051-1575-9 4258:978-1-85743-184-1 4126:Los Angeles Times 3812:Landes, Richard, 3716:Marmari, Hanoch. 3034:MacDonald, 2007, 2711:Chicago Sun-Times 2194:on April 15, 2009 2079:978-92-1-100904-0 1874:"The Crying Game" 1488:Finnish President 1457:Terje Roed-Larsen 1414:The Road to Jenin 1260:for the northern 1245:Yasser Abed Rabbo 1102:Qassam II rockets 1096:Military analyses 1001:Removal of bodies 846:armored bulldozer 782:armored bulldozer 442: 441: 414:Days of Penitence 300: 299: 99: 98: 6512: 6467: 6466: 6464: 6463: 6462: 6457: 6453: 6450: 6449: 6448: 6445: 6408:Racism in Israel 6359: 6358: 6261:Palestine Papers 6154:Hebron Agreement 6094:settler violence 6059: 6058: 6052: 6051: 6041: 6040: 6019:Israel–Hamas war 5987:November clashes 5961:"Returning Echo" 5906: 5905: 5827: 5826: 5802:Beit Hanoun raid 5782:Battle of Nablus 5714: 5713: 5653: 5652: 5573: 5572: 5528:Ma'alot massacre 5488: 5487: 5457:War of Attrition 5398:Arab–Israeli War 5387: 5386: 5313: 5312: 5304: 5303: 5280: 5279: 5132:Marwan Barghouti 4964:David Ben-Gurion 4937: 4936: 4926: 4925: 4823:al-Aqsa Brigades 4777: 4776: 4735: 4734: 4724: 4723: 4709: 4702: 4695: 4686: 4685: 4670: 4668: 4666: 4646: 4644: 4642: 4624: 4622: 4620: 4595: 4576: 4563:A Psalm in Jenin 4549: 4538:. Beacon Press. 4528: 4509: 4492:Abu-Lughod, Lila 4486: 4464: 4445: 4426: 4405: 4393: 4379: 4360: 4348: 4337: 4325: 4314: 4295: 4276: 4270: 4262: 4250: 4230: 4227: 4221: 4214: 4208: 4207: 4205: 4203: 4191: 4185: 4184: 4182: 4180: 4165: 4159: 4158: 4156: 4154: 4143: 4137: 4136: 4134: 4132: 4117: 4111: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4097:. 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Archived from 3218: 3212: 3211: 3209: 3207: 3202:. April 13, 2002 3192: 3186: 3185: 3183: 3181: 3161: 3155: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3138: 3132: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3122:. April 10, 2002 3112: 3106: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3090: 3084: 3067: 3061: 3058: 3052: 3045: 3039: 3032: 3023: 3016: 3010: 3004: 2998: 2997: 2991: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2963: 2957: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2936: 2930: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2910: 2904: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2894:on June 22, 2008 2890:. Archived from 2871: 2865: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2851:. Archived from 2840: 2834: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2820:. Archived from 2809: 2803: 2798:Reinhart, 2006, 2796: 2785: 2778: 2767: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2747: 2728: 2725: 2719: 2718: 2703: 2694: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2678: 2667: 2660: 2654: 2647: 2641: 2634: 2628: 2625: 2616: 2610: 2604: 2598: 2592: 2589: 2578: 2575: 2569: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2549: 2540: 2537: 2528: 2525: 2510: 2507: 2501: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2491:on March 7, 2008 2487:. 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Archived from 1683: 1583:James Cunningham 1510:reconstruction. 1492:Martti Ahtisaari 972:Battle aftermath 940:1982 Lebanon War 730:Al-Quds Brigades 684:, served in the 553:Carmel mountains 460:Israeli-occupied 371:Defensive Shield 338: 336: 326: 319: 312: 303: 302: 235: 219: 195: 194: 193: 184: 183: 173: 172: 145: 144: 130: 129: 117: 115: 114: 82:Israeli-occupied 62: 61: 54: 30: 29: 6520: 6519: 6515: 6514: 6513: 6511: 6510: 6509: 6505:Battles in 2002 6470: 6469: 6460: 6458: 6454: 6451: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6439: 6438: 6436: 6427: 6364: 6345: 6271: 6265:2013–2014 6242: 6170: 6128:1993–1995 6116:1981–1982 6105: 6046: 6023: 6009:"Breaking Dawn" 5947:2008–2009 5929:"Autumn Clouds" 5902: 5899: 5887: 5883:Al-Aqsa clashes 5854:Al-Aqsa clashes 5823: 5821: 5810: 5778:Battle of Jenin 5709:Second Intifada 5699: 5638: 5601:Siege of Beirut 5560: 5509:Munich massacre 5484: 5481: 5469: 5455:1967–1970 5445:Rafah massacres 5415:1951–1967 5374: 5368:1947–1948 5362:1944–1947 5356:1936–1939 5350:Hebron massacre 5345:Palestine riots 5326:Nebi Musa riots 5298: 5266: 5212:Abu Ali Mustafa 5167:Amin al-Husayni 5137:Mohammed Dahlan 5093: 4969:Naftali Bennett 4931: 4912: 4887: 4811: 4766: 4729: 4718: 4713: 4664: 4662: 4649: 4640: 4638: 4627: 4618: 4616: 4605: 4602: 4592: 4573: 4557: 4555:Further reading 4552: 4546: 4525: 4506: 4483: 4469:Reinhart, Tanya 4461: 4442: 4423: 4402: 4394:. Grove Press. 4376: 4357: 4334: 4311: 4301:The Seventh War 4292: 4264: 4263: 4259: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4224: 4215: 4211: 4201: 4199: 4192: 4188: 4178: 4176: 4167: 4166: 4162: 4152: 4150: 4145: 4144: 4140: 4130: 4128: 4118: 4114: 4104: 4102: 4087: 4080: 4070: 4068: 4063: 4062: 4055: 4045: 4043: 4034: 4033: 4029: 4019: 4017: 4006: 3999: 3994: 3985: 3975: 3973: 3962: 3953: 3943: 3941: 3931: 3924: 3911: 3910: 3906: 3896: 3894: 3883: 3879: 3869: 3867: 3858: 3857: 3853: 3843: 3841: 3826: 3822: 3811: 3807: 3802: 3798: 3788: 3786: 3775: 3771: 3761: 3759: 3750: 3749: 3745: 3740: 3736: 3726: 3724: 3714: 3710: 3700: 3698: 3687: 3683: 3673: 3671: 3660: 3656: 3646: 3644: 3634: 3630: 3620: 3618: 3609: 3608: 3604: 3595: 3591: 3586: 3582: 3572: 3570: 3557: 3550: 3540: 3538: 3530: 3529: 3525: 3515: 3513: 3506: 3502: 3494: 3490: 3480: 3476: 3466: 3464: 3453: 3452: 3448: 3438: 3436: 3424: 3420: 3410: 3408: 3399: 3398: 3394: 3384: 3382: 3377: 3376: 3369: 3358: 3356: 3340: 3339: 3335: 3325: 3323: 3312: 3308: 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444: 443: 438: 437: 428:Suicide attacks 419: 395:Determined Path 339: 335:Second Intifada 334: 332: 330: 291: 278: 270: 251: 249: 247: 231: 227:Mahmoud Tawalbe 225: 223:Zakaria Zubeidi 221: 215: 209: 207: 191: 189: 188: 178: 177: 167: 139: 124: 112: 110: 95:Israeli victory 87: 55: 44:Second Intifada 33:Battle of Jenin 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6518: 6508: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6433: 6432: 6429: 6428: 6426: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6403:Media coverage 6400: 6399: 6398: 6393: 6388: 6380: 6375: 6369: 6366: 6365: 6355: 6354: 6351: 6350: 6347: 6346: 6344: 6343: 6342: 6341: 6335: 6327: 6321: 6312: 6306: 6300: 6294: 6289: 6283: 6281: 6280:United Nations 6277: 6276: 6273: 6272: 6270: 6269: 6263: 6257: 6250: 6248: 6244: 6243: 6241: 6240: 6231: 6225: 6219: 6213: 6207: 6201: 6195: 6189: 6178: 6176: 6172: 6171: 6169: 6168: 6162: 6156: 6150: 6144: 6138: 6136:Paris Protocol 6132: 6126: 6120: 6113: 6111: 6107: 6106: 6104: 6103: 6102: 6101: 6096: 6085: 6079: 6078: 6077: 6065: 6063: 6056: 6048: 6047: 6037: 6036: 6033: 6032: 6029: 6028: 6025: 6024: 6022: 6021: 6011: 6005: 5999: 5989: 5979: 5973: 5967: 5957: 5951: 5945: 5935: 5925:"Summer Rains" 5912: 5910: 5903: 5896: 5893: 5892: 5889: 5888: 5886: 5885: 5879: 5873: 5867: 5862: 5856: 5850: 5840: 5833: 5831: 5824: 5819: 5816: 5815: 5812: 5811: 5809: 5808: 5794: 5788: 5764: 5756: 5754:October events 5750: 5745: 5744: 5743: 5733: 5732: 5731: 5720: 5718: 5711: 5705: 5704: 5701: 5700: 5698: 5697: 5691: 5690: 5689: 5678: 5672: 5670:Bus 405 attack 5666: 5659: 5657: 5650: 5648:First Intifada 5644: 5643: 5640: 5639: 5637: 5636: 5630: 5617: 5615:Bus 300 affair 5611: 5605: 5604: 5603: 5592: 5586: 5584:Yom Kippur War 5579: 5577: 5570: 5566: 5565: 5562: 5561: 5559: 5558: 5552: 5542: 5536: 5530: 5520: 5501: 5494: 5492: 5485: 5478: 5475: 5474: 5471: 5470: 5468: 5467: 5466: 5465: 5453: 5447: 5433: 5431:Qibya massacre 5427: 5426: 5425: 5419: 5407: 5406: 5405: 5393: 5391: 5384: 5380: 5379: 5376: 5375: 5373: 5372: 5366: 5360: 5354: 5353: 5352: 5341: 5335: 5334: 5333: 5328: 5319: 5317: 5310: 5300: 5299: 5297: 5296: 5295: 5294: 5276: 5275: 5272: 5271: 5268: 5267: 5265: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5247:Ramadan Shalah 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5162:Nayef Hawatmeh 5159: 5157:Ismail Haniyeh 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5103: 5101: 5095: 5094: 5092: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5074:Shabtai Shavit 5071: 5066: 5064:Yitzhak Shamir 5061: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4974:Menachem Begin 4971: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4951: 4945: 4943: 4933: 4932: 4922: 4921: 4918: 4917: 4914: 4913: 4911: 4910: 4905: 4899: 4897: 4893: 4892: 4889: 4888: 4886: 4885: 4883:Sons of Zouari 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4838:Jenin Brigades 4835: 4830: 4825: 4819: 4817: 4813: 4812: 4810: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4783: 4781: 4774: 4768: 4767: 4765: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4743: 4741: 4731: 4730: 4720: 4719: 4712: 4711: 4704: 4697: 4689: 4683: 4682: 4681:, May 13, 2002 4671: 4647: 4625: 4601: 4600:External links 4598: 4597: 4596: 4590: 4577: 4571: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4550: 4544: 4529: 4523: 4510: 4504: 4487: 4481: 4465: 4459: 4446: 4440: 4427: 4421: 4406: 4400: 4380: 4374: 4361: 4355: 4338: 4332: 4315: 4309: 4296: 4290: 4277: 4257: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4231: 4222: 4209: 4186: 4160: 4138: 4112: 4078: 4053: 4027: 3997: 3983: 3951: 3922: 3904: 3877: 3851: 3820: 3805: 3796: 3769: 3743: 3734: 3708: 3681: 3654: 3628: 3602: 3589: 3580: 3548: 3523: 3500: 3488: 3474: 3446: 3418: 3392: 3367: 3333: 3306: 3294: 3272: 3243: 3213: 3187: 3156: 3133: 3107: 3085: 3062: 3053: 3040: 3024: 3018:Graham, 2004, 3011: 2999: 2958: 2931: 2905: 2866: 2835: 2804: 2786: 2780:Europa, 2004, 2768: 2729: 2720: 2695: 2668: 2655: 2649:Europa, 2004, 2642: 2629: 2617: 2605: 2593: 2579: 2570: 2541: 2529: 2511: 2502: 2475: 2462: 2453: 2444: 2411: 2375: 2350: 2337: 2325: 2292: 2283: 2262: 2232: 2226:978-1594034770 2225: 2205: 2179: 2151: 2125: 2108: 2078: 2051: 2018: 2006: 1978: 1971: 1951: 1926: 1906: 1884: 1864: 1838: 1803: 1768: 1750: 1709: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1632: 1631: 1620: 1617: 1602: 1601:Reconstruction 1599: 1575:George W. Bush 1452: 1449: 1419:Richard Landes 1380:Mohammad Bakri 1365:said that the 1338: 1335: 1289: 1286: 1200: 1197: 1151: 1148: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1075:Tanya Reinhart 1019:reported that 1002: 999: 973: 970: 810: 807: 799:urban fighting 786:roadside bombs 762:Golani Brigade 718: 715: 701: 698: 656:Days prior, a 653: 650: 555:and region of 517: 514: 509: 506: 486:booby trapping 440: 439: 436: 435: 433:Rocket attacks 430: 418: 417: 410: 403: 401:Wadi an-Nasara 398: 391: 390: 389: 384: 379: 367: 359: 351: 345: 344: 341: 340: 329: 328: 321: 314: 306: 298: 297: 284: 283: 272: 266: 265: 261: 260: 257: 250:Commando teams 243: 242: 238: 237: 211: 206:Yehuda Yedidya 203: 202: 198: 197: 166: 165: 160: 155: 136: 135: 134: 106: 105: 101: 100: 97: 96: 93: 89: 88: 76: 74: 70: 69: 66: 58: 57: 47: 46: 35: 34: 28: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6517: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6490:Urban warfare 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6477: 6475: 6468: 6465: 6444:32°27′37.04″N 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6383: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6370: 6367: 6360: 6356: 6340: 6336: 6334: 6333: 6328: 6326: 6323:2023–present 6322: 6320: 6316: 6315: 6313: 6311: 6307: 6305: 6301: 6299: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6284: 6282: 6278: 6268: 6264: 6262: 6258: 6256: 6253:2010–11 6252: 6251: 6249: 6245: 6239: 6237: 6232: 6230: 6226: 6224: 6220: 6218: 6214: 6212: 6208: 6206: 6202: 6200: 6196: 6194: 6190: 6188: 6184: 6180: 6179: 6177: 6173: 6167: 6163: 6161: 6157: 6155: 6151: 6149: 6145: 6143: 6139: 6137: 6133: 6131: 6127: 6125: 6121: 6119: 6115: 6114: 6112: 6108: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6091: 6090: 6086: 6084: 6080: 6076: 6073: 6072: 6071: 6067: 6066: 6064: 6060: 6057: 6053: 6049: 6045:Diplomacy/law 6042: 6038: 6020: 6016: 6012: 6010: 6006: 6004: 6000: 5998: 5994: 5990: 5988: 5984: 5980: 5978: 5974: 5972: 5968: 5966: 5962: 5958: 5956: 5952: 5950: 5946: 5944: 5940: 5936: 5934: 5930: 5926: 5922: 5918: 5914: 5913: 5911: 5907: 5904: 5901: 5894: 5884: 5880: 5878: 5874: 5872: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5857: 5855: 5851: 5849: 5845: 5841: 5839: 5835: 5834: 5832: 5828: 5825: 5817: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5793: 5789: 5787: 5783: 5779: 5775: 5771: 5770: 5765: 5763: 5762: 5757: 5755: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5742: 5739: 5738: 5737: 5734: 5730: 5727: 5726: 5725: 5722: 5721: 5719: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5706: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5685: 5684: 5683: 5679: 5677: 5673: 5671: 5667: 5665: 5661: 5660: 5658: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5645: 5635: 5631: 5629: 5625: 5623: 5622:Achille Lauro 5618: 5616: 5612: 5610: 5606: 5602: 5599: 5598: 5597: 5593: 5591: 5587: 5585: 5581: 5580: 5578: 5574: 5571: 5567: 5557: 5553: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5541: 5537: 5535: 5531: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5518: 5514: 5510: 5506: 5502: 5500: 5496: 5495: 5493: 5489: 5486: 5483: 5476: 5464: 5460: 5459: 5458: 5454: 5452: 5448: 5446: 5442: 5438: 5434: 5432: 5428: 5424: 5420: 5418: 5414: 5413: 5412: 5408: 5404: 5401: 5400: 5399: 5395: 5394: 5392: 5388: 5385: 5381: 5371: 5367: 5365: 5361: 5359: 5355: 5351: 5348: 5347: 5346: 5342: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5323: 5321: 5320: 5318: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5293: 5290: 5289: 5288: 5285: 5284: 5281: 5277: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5252:Fathi Shaqaqi 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5242:Salah Shehade 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5227:Jibril Rajoub 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5207:Zuheir Mohsen 5205: 5203: 5202:Khaled Mashal 5200: 5198: 5197:Sheikh Khalil 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5147:George Habash 5145: 5143: 5142:Mohammed Deif 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5122:Yasser Arafat 5120: 5118: 5117:Moussa Arafat 5115: 5113: 5112:Mahmoud Abbas 5110: 5108: 5105: 5104: 5102: 5100: 5096: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5079:Moshe Ya'alon 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5054:Yitzhak Rabin 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5004:Efraim Halevy 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4946: 4944: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4927: 4923: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4900: 4898: 4894: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4820: 4818: 4814: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4784: 4782: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4769: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4752:Israel Police 4750: 4748: 4745: 4744: 4742: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4710: 4705: 4703: 4698: 4696: 4691: 4690: 4687: 4680: 4679:Time Magazine 4676: 4672: 4665:September 21, 4660: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4641:September 21, 4636: 4632: 4631: 4626: 4619:September 22, 4614: 4610: 4609: 4604: 4603: 4593: 4591:1-885942-34-6 4587: 4583: 4578: 4574: 4572:965-7141-03-6 4568: 4564: 4559: 4558: 4547: 4541: 4537: 4536: 4530: 4526: 4520: 4516: 4511: 4507: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4488: 4484: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4456: 4452: 4447: 4443: 4437: 4433: 4428: 4424: 4422:1-893554-94-5 4418: 4414: 4413: 4407: 4403: 4401:0-8021-4158-7 4397: 4392: 4391: 4385: 4384:Karsh, Efraim 4381: 4377: 4371: 4367: 4362: 4358: 4352: 4347: 4346: 4339: 4335: 4333:1-4000-7963-2 4329: 4324: 4323: 4316: 4312: 4310:965-511-767-7 4306: 4302: 4297: 4293: 4287: 4283: 4278: 4274: 4268: 4260: 4254: 4249: 4248: 4241: 4240: 4226: 4219: 4213: 4202:September 21, 4197: 4190: 4179:September 21, 4175:. May 4, 2002 4174: 4170: 4164: 4153:September 21, 4148: 4142: 4131:September 21, 4127: 4123: 4116: 4105:September 21, 4100: 4096: 4092: 4085: 4083: 4071:September 21, 4066: 4060: 4058: 4046:September 21, 4041: 4037: 4031: 4020:September 21, 4015: 4011: 4004: 4002: 3992: 3990: 3988: 3976:September 21, 3971: 3967: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3944:September 21, 3940: 3936: 3929: 3927: 3918: 3914: 3908: 3897:September 21, 3892: 3888: 3881: 3870:September 21, 3865: 3861: 3855: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3824: 3817: 3816: 3809: 3800: 3784: 3780: 3773: 3757: 3753: 3747: 3738: 3727:September 20, 3723: 3719: 3712: 3701:September 21, 3696: 3692: 3685: 3669: 3665: 3658: 3643: 3639: 3632: 3621:September 21, 3616: 3612: 3606: 3599: 3593: 3584: 3573:September 21, 3568: 3567: 3562: 3555: 3553: 3541:September 11, 3537: 3533: 3527: 3516:September 21, 3511: 3504: 3497: 3492: 3484: 3478: 3467:September 21, 3462: 3461: 3456: 3450: 3439:September 21, 3435: 3434: 3429: 3422: 3411:September 21, 3406: 3402: 3396: 3385:September 21, 3380: 3374: 3372: 3359:September 21, 3355: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3337: 3326:September 21, 3321: 3317: 3310: 3301: 3299: 3287:September 21, 3282: 3276: 3265:September 21, 3261: 3257: 3250: 3248: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3217: 3201: 3197: 3191: 3180:September 18, 3175: 3171: 3167: 3160: 3149:September 21, 3144: 3137: 3126:September 21, 3121: 3117: 3111: 3100:September 21, 3095: 3089: 3083: 3079: 3074: 3071: 3066: 3057: 3050: 3044: 3037: 3031: 3029: 3021: 3015: 3008: 3003: 2995: 2989: 2978:September 21, 2973: 2969: 2962: 2946: 2942: 2935: 2920: 2916: 2909: 2898:September 21, 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2870: 2859:September 21, 2854: 2850: 2846: 2839: 2828:September 21, 2823: 2819: 2815: 2808: 2801: 2795: 2793: 2791: 2783: 2777: 2775: 2773: 2761:September 21, 2757: 2753: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2724: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2702: 2700: 2688:September 21, 2683: 2677: 2675: 2673: 2665: 2659: 2652: 2646: 2639: 2633: 2624: 2622: 2614: 2609: 2602: 2597: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2574: 2563:September 22, 2558: 2554: 2548: 2546: 2536: 2534: 2524: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2516: 2506: 2490: 2486: 2479: 2472: 2466: 2457: 2448: 2437:September 18, 2432: 2428: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2404:September 22, 2399: 2395: 2391: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2368:September 21, 2363: 2357: 2355: 2347: 2344:Selby, 2003, 2341: 2332: 2330: 2318:September 19, 2313: 2309: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2297: 2287: 2280: 2279:1-85743-255-X 2276: 2272: 2266: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2236: 2228: 2222: 2218: 2217: 2209: 2193: 2189: 2183: 2168: 2167: 2162: 2155: 2139: 2135: 2129: 2121: 2120: 2112: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2075: 2071: 2070: 2062: 2060: 2058: 2056: 2044:September 21, 2040: 2036: 2029: 2027: 2025: 2023: 2013: 2011: 1995: 1991: 1985: 1983: 1974: 1972:9781885942340 1968: 1964: 1963: 1955: 1944:September 21, 1939: 1933: 1931: 1921: 1917: 1910: 1899: 1895: 1888: 1879: 1875: 1868: 1853: 1849: 1842: 1831:September 21, 1826: 1822: 1818: 1812: 1810: 1808: 1791: 1787: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1775: 1773: 1763: 1761: 1759: 1757: 1755: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1720: 1713: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1682: 1680: 1678: 1676: 1674: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1664: 1662: 1660: 1658: 1656: 1654: 1652: 1650: 1648: 1646: 1644: 1639: 1630: 1626: 1623: 1622: 1616: 1614: 1609: 1608:Hijaz Railway 1598: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1563: 1561: 1557: 1556:Reuven Rivlin 1553: 1548: 1544: 1542: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1526:On April 23, 1524: 1521: 1517: 1511: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1484: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1458: 1448: 1446: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1430: 1426: 1425: 1421:'s 2005 film 1420: 1416: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1389: 1387: 1386: 1381: 1377: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1354: 1352: 1351:Mouin Rabbani 1348: 1344: 1334: 1332: 1331: 1325: 1319: 1316: 1311: 1308: 1303: 1300: 1296: 1285: 1283: 1279: 1273: 1271: 1265: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1254:Qadoura Mousa 1250: 1246: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1210: 1206: 1196: 1195: 1184: 1180: 1179: 1173: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1161: 1157: 1147: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1132: 1130: 1125: 1121: 1120:Yasser Arafat 1118:PLO Chairman 1116: 1114: 1110: 1105: 1103: 1088: 1085: 1081: 1076: 1072: 1070: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1052: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1028: 1026: 1025:Jordan Valley 1020: 1018: 1014: 1013: 1009:According to 1007: 998: 991: 986: 978: 969: 966: 960: 957: 951: 949: 943: 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 920: 916: 914: 909: 903: 900: 896: 891: 888: 883: 874: 870: 867: 857: 853: 851: 847: 844: 835: 831: 823: 815: 806: 804: 800: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 774:Armored Corps 771: 770:Duvdevan Unit 767: 763: 759: 758:Nahal Brigade 754: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 731: 726: 724: 721:According to 714: 712: 707: 706:boobytrapping 697: 695: 689: 687: 683: 679: 673: 671: 667: 663: 659: 649: 647: 646:Haifa, Israel 643: 639: 634: 633:IDF Spokesman 629: 627: 626: 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 588: 584: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 523: 513: 505: 503: 497: 495: 491: 487: 483: 478: 476: 473:, as part of 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