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503:, setting her on fire. Her ammunition magazine exploded, ending Forrest's brief career as a naval commander. Despite this loss, the Confederate land artillery was completely effective in neutralizing the threat of the Federal fleets. Fitch was reluctant to take his Paducah gunboats through the narrow channel between Reynoldsburg Island and the western bank, so limited himself to long-range fire. King withered under the Confederate fire, which hit one of his vessels 19 times, and returned to Johnsonville. According to one historian of guerrilla warfare in the Cumberland River valley, possibly describing the
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522:—were disabled or destroyed. The Union garrison commander ordered the supply vessels burned to prevent their capture by the Confederates. Forrest observed, "By night the wharf for nearly one mile up and down the river presented one solid sheet of flame. ... Having completed the work designed for the expedition, I moved my command six miles during the night by the light of the enemy's burning property."
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the monetary loss at $ 2.2 million ($ 34.9 million in 2023). An additional consequence of the raid was that the Union high command became increasingly nervous about
Sherman's plan to move through Georgia instead of confronting Hood and Forrest directly. Forrest's command, delayed by heavy rains, proceeded to
458:, to use as a small flotilla to aid in his attack on Johnsonville. The boats and his cavalrymen departed on November 1, 1864. The infantry component, traveling overland, encountered difficult road conditions following recent rains. On November 2, Forrest's flotilla was challenged by two Union gunboats,
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Forrest caused enormous damage at very low cost. He reported only two men killed and nine wounded. He described the Union losses as 4 gunboats, 14 transports, 20 barges, 26 pieces of artillery, and $ 6.7 million ($ 106 million in 2023) worth of property, and 150 prisoners. One Union officer put
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on the
Tennessee River north of Johnsonville, possession of which would prevent Union transports from reaching Johnsonville, upriver. The first of Forrest's men began to ride on October 16, 1864. They were exhausted from a previous raid and Forrest gave them orders to disperse, obtain new mounts and
474:, and on November 3 they engaged in artillery duels with strong Confederate positions on either end of Reynoldsburg Island, near Johnsonville. The Federal fleet had difficulty attempting to subdue these positions and were occupied as Forrest prepared his force for the attack on Johnsonville.
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and the
Confederate batteries were attacked by three Union gunboats from Johnsonville under U.S. Navy Lt. Edward M. King and by the six Paducah gunboats under Lt. Cmdr. LeRoy Fitch. Capt. Frank M. Gracey (a former steamboat captain serving as a Confederate cavalryman) abandoned
507:, "Apparently the only sustained resistance came from one of the black regiments, armed with repeating rifles, whose officers claimed that their men prevented Forrest's raiders from crossing the river and destroying the entire facility."
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The Union relied on the
Tennessee River as a critical route to supply Federal forces in the state. Supplies were offloaded at Johnsonville and shipped by rail to Nashville. In the fall of 1864 the supplies were principally meant for the
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supplies, and return to the raid. Forrest began moving north on
October 24 and reached Fort Heiman on October 28, where he emplaced artillery. On October 29 and October 30, his artillery fire resulted in the capture of the steamers
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393:, commanded by Thomas. Meanwhile, Hood's army was marching through northern Alabama on its way to an invasion of Tennessee. In late September 1864, Hood's army departed northwest from the vicinity of
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On the evening of
November 3, 1864, Forrest's artillerist, Capt. John Morton, positioned his guns across the river from the Federal supply base at Johnsonville. On the morning of November 4,
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through
Georgia, destroying supplies and infrastructure. Tennessee had been occupied by federal troops since 1862, and Sherman charged Thomas with its defense.
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ordered
Forrest on a wide-ranging cavalry raid through Western Tennessee to destroy the Union supply line to Nashville. Forrest's initial objective was
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the following month, in which he repulsed the
Confederate attempt to retake the city, a defeat that effectively ended the war in the Western Theater.
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Part of the battlefield has been preserved in
Johnsonville State Historic Park. Much of the original battleground was submerged by the creation of
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Capt. Morton's guns bombarded the Union supply depot, and the 28 steamboats and barges positioned at the wharf. All three of the Union gunboats—
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Jennings, John M. (2022). "Roman Fedorovich von Ungern-Sternberg". In Jennings, John M.; Steele, Chuck (eds.).
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609:) of a dam on the Tennessee River for flood control. The lake area also provides recreation opportunities.
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side of the river, and Johnsonville State Historic Park, which is situated on the Humphreys County side. The
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During Forrest's earlier raiding in western Tennessee, on November 3, Confederate theater commander Gen.
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and millions of dollars of supplies, disrupting the logistical operations of Union Major General
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586:) and its partners have acquired and preserved 19 acres (0.077 km) of the battlefield.
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A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774–1875
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Wills, pp. 272–73; Sword, pp. 67–68; Nevin, p. 34; Eicher, p. 769; Kennedy, p. 389.
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Much of the historic battlefield area is submerged beneath the southern portion of
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was run aground and captured. The Federals dispatched six more gunboats from
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The Battle of Johnsonville is now the focus of two Tennessee state parks:
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447:. At this point, the Union stopped river supply traffic to Johnsonville.
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350:. Forrest's attack destroyed a total of 28 Union boats and barges in the
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397:, hoping its destruction of Union supply lines would lure Major General
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culminated a 23-day raid through western Tennessee by attacking the
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The Confederacy's Last Hurrah: Spring Hill, Franklin, and Nashville
739:"Guerrilla Warfare in the Lower Cumberland River Valley, 1862-1865"
999:
416:
Federal artillery rushing out of Johnsonville after Forrest's raid
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1155:. Modern war studies. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas.
1152:
The Confederacy's Greatest Cavalryman: Nathan Bedford Forrest
486:
Map of Johnsonville Battlefield core and study areas by the
405:, but decided to return his army to Atlanta. He conducted a
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had designated Forrest's cavalry for assignment to Hood's
401:'s Union army into battle. Sherman pursued Hood as far as
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1754:
Battles of the Western Theater of the American Civil War
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was captured by the Union Army in conjunction with the
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The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War
373:. (Thomas eventually succeeded in repulsing Hood.)
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1031:(2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co.
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505:1st Regiment Heavy Artillery U.S. Colored Troops
1764:Confederate victories of the American Civil War
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791:Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023).
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1749:Battles of the American Civil War in Tennessee
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1092:. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas.
879:"Saved Land" webpage. Accessed May 25, 2018.
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554:. Hood elected to delay his advance from
1185:National Park Service battle description
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488:American Battlefield Protection Program
369:'s invasion of Tennessee, known as the
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889:Kleber, John E., ed. (1992). "Lakes".
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1085:
1052:
840:The Worst Military Leaders in History
211:
16:1864 battle of the American Civil War
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907:: The University Press of Kentucky.
1677:Confederate monuments and memorials
1226:Tennessee in the American Civil War
1056:Sherman's March: Atlanta To The Sea
882:
781:Wills, pp. 270–73; Kennedy, p. 389.
450:Forrest repaired two of the boats,
13:
1122:. January 19, 2004. Archived from
929:"Johnsonville State Historic Park"
319:was fought November 4–5, 1864, in
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1022:Kennedy, Frances H., ed. (1998).
572:Nathan Bedford Forrest State Park
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700:Kennedy, p. 389; Eicher, p. 770.
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593:Aerial image of Johnsonville, TN
327:counties, Tennessee, during the
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1025:The Civil War Battlefield Guide
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812:Gross Domestic Product deflator
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980:(1st ed.). New York, NY:
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743:Tennessee Historical Quarterly
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1:
793:"What Was the U.S. GDP Then?"
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626:American Civil War portal
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1567:Third Battle of Murfreesboro
1441:Second Battle of Chattanooga
1350:First Battle of Murfreesboro
737:Gildrie, Richard P. (1990).
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525:
7:
1779:Humphreys County, Tennessee
1774:Franklin–Nashville Campaign
1466:Third Battle of Chattanooga
1345:First Battle of Chattanooga
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574:, which is situated on the
552:Franklin–Nashville Campaign
371:Franklin–Nashville campaign
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1120:U.S. National Park Service
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899:, Lowell H. Harrison, and
877:American Battlefield Trust
603:Tennessee Valley Authority
584:American Battlefield Trust
175:Forrest's Cavalry Division
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1542:Second Battle of Franklin
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892:The Kentucky Encyclopedia
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1759:Benton County, Tennessee
1532:Second Battle of Memphis
1426:First Battle of Franklin
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1340:First Battle of Memphis
62:Johnsonville, Tennessee
1784:Nathan Bedford Forrest
772:. Library of Congress.
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391:Army of the Cumberland
340:Nathan Bedford Forrest
317:Battle of Johnsonville
161:Nathan Bedford Forrest
150:Commanders and leaders
22:Battle of Johnsonville
1641:John Henninger Reagan
1086:Sword, Wiley (1993).
1053:Nevin, David (1986).
967:McPherson, James Alan
933:Tennessee State Parks
895:. Associate editors:
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533:Perryville, Tennessee
485:
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192:Casualties and losses
172:Johnsonville garrison
1789:November 1864 events
1385:Parker's Cross Roads
1287:Chattanooga campaign
1149:Wills, B.S. (1998).
1126:on December 26, 2005
982:Simon & Schuster
649:Battle of Fort Henry
537:Corinth, Mississippi
403:Gaylesville, Alabama
1190:CWSAC report update
963:McPherson, James M.
905:Lexington, Kentucky
814:figures follow the
691:Wills, p. 272.
582:(a division of the
560:Battle of Nashville
420:Lieutenant General
240:Franklin–Nashville
155:Charles R. Thompson
83:36.0708°N 87.9757°W
79: /
1461:Campbell's Station
1411:Thompson's Station
1063:: Silver Burdett.
727:Wills, pp. 268–70.
718:Wills, pp. 265–69.
709:Wills, pp. 263–65.
595:
556:Tuscumbia, Alabama
492:
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399:William T. Sherman
364:Lieutenant General
335:cavalry commander
329:American Civil War
42:November 4–5, 1864
29:American Civil War
1769:Conflicts in 1864
1744:1864 in Tennessee
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1594:(by city or town)
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1320:Island Number Ten
1162:978-0-7006-0885-0
991:978-0-7432-1846-7
651:in February 1862.
548:Army of Tennessee
544:P.G.T. Beauregard
472:Paducah, Kentucky
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1491:Fort Sanders
1481:Collierville
1456:Blue Springs
1431:Hoover's Gap
1390:Stones River
1360:Riggins Hill
1166:. Retrieved
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1128:. Retrieved
1124:the original
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197:150 captured
114:Belligerents
27:Part of the
1624:Confederate
1603:Chattanooga
1591:Involvement
1562:Spring Hill
1527:Fort Pillow
1522:Fair Garden
1501:Mossy Creek
1486:Rogersville
1446:Blountville
1436:Liberty Gap
1266:Confederacy
938:October 17,
860:January 29,
645:Fort Heiman
426:Fort Heiman
333:Confederate
279:Spring Hill
103:Confederate
86: /
1738:Categories
1552:Bull's Gap
1537:Morristown
1476:Wauhatchie
1451:Farmington
1370:Hartsville
1310:Fort Henry
1259:Combatants
1108:1285470936
1079:1003113620
1000:2001034153
843:. London:
659:References
384:Background
187:3 gunboats
74:87°58′33″W
71:36°04′15″N
1670:Aftermath
1631:John Bell
1608:Nashville
1572:Nashville
1517:Dandridge
1421:Brentwood
1375:Lexington
1280:Campaigns
1008:231931020
755:0040-3261
664:Citations
526:Aftermath
380:in 1944.
360:Nashville
325:Humphreys
294:Nashville
254:Allatoona
202:9 wounded
200:2 killed
1711:Category
1557:Columbia
1044:June 24,
1029:(Kindle)
969:(2001).
818:series.
613:See also
512:Key West
460:Key West
284:Franklin
274:Columbia
242:campaign
180:Strength
47:Location
1722:Commons
1617:Leaders
1380:Jackson
1330:Lebanon
1296:Battles
1233:Origins
1168:June 1,
951:Sources
432:Mazeppa
264:Decatur
105:victory
1325:Shiloh
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566:Legacy
518:, and
501:Undine
496:Undine
478:Battle
452:Undine
445:Undine
439:, and
321:Benton
185:4,000
99:Result
1650:Union
1406:Dover
1271:Union
978:(PDF)
632:Notes
520:Elfin
516:Tawah
468:Venus
464:Tawah
456:Venus
441:Venus
344:Union
131:Union
60:near
1510:1864
1399:1863
1303:1862
1170:2023
1157:ISBN
1132:2017
1104:OCLC
1094:ISBN
1075:OCLC
1065:ISBN
1046:2020
1033:ISBN
1015:2020
1004:OCLC
996:LCCN
986:ISBN
940:2013
909:ISBN
862:2024
849:ISBN
806:2023
751:ISSN
462:and
454:and
437:Anna
323:and
315:The
39:Date
607:TVA
358:in
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