1180:
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1340:"There is where I mean to pass", and led his soldiers out in close column of attack. The Austrian column bored right through Victor's troops, who rallied and fired into Rukavina's men. In the end, Rukavina escaped to join Wallis, though half his soldiers became casualties. It went otherwise with Ternyey, who surrendered the Chartreuse to Dommartin. Wallis brought the Austrian cavalry into action, which briefly halted Augereau's advance. However, Rusca drew the cavalry into an ambush, driving them back. Wallis evacuated Loano at 3:00 pm and ordered the Austrian left wing to fall back to Monte Carmelo. At 4:00 pm, Schérer ordered Augereau's men to halt and camp for the night. He knew that Rocca Barbena and Bardineto were captured, but was unaware of Massena's subsequent progress.
1397:
214:
150:
1367:
225:
162:
1292:
271:
304:
1229:
982:. The assault took the Austrians by surprise since it occurred so late in the year. Additionally, the previous Austrian commander resigned the day before the attack. While the French left flank troops pinned down the Sardinian forces opposing them, the French center broke through the Allied center, forcing the Austrians to retreat. Meanwhile, the French right flank forces steadily pressed back the Austrians on the coast. The French gained a more favorable position, but Schérer did not exploit his victory.
1244:
1148:
202:
191:
181:
138:
1363:. Massena caught up with Cervoni's brigade at the Colle del Melogno at 11:00 pm, and at midnight he pressed on with 2,000 men to seize what the French called the San Pantaleone heights. This was the ridge extending down from Monte Settepani toward Finale. Wallis hoped to continue the battle the next day and sent a message to Argenteau to hold Monte Settepani and the Colle del Melogno, but the courier was captured by Pijon's troops.
1240:, and Augereau's division was stationed at Borghetto on the coast. On 23 November 1795, Sérurier's division attacked Colli's Sardinians in the Tanaro valley. Sérurier personally led his soldiers to attack Colle San Bernardo, but the French were repulsed after bitter fighting. Sérurier kept the Sardinians busy all this day and the next. Despite the setback, Schérer assured the division commander, "That was all that I wanted".
41:
311:
278:
1212:
the connection between the Allied right and left wings. After breaking through, Massena's troops would turn to their right and hit the flank of the Allies defending against
Augereau's division. The French acted as though they were taking up winter quarters while they were really massing troops for Massena's assault. On 22 November, De Vins handed over command of the Allied army to Wallis. Colli's
1375:
still had only 4,300 troops available. With these soldiers, Massena harassed Wallis so that the
Austrian commander sent away his artillery by what he assumed was a safe route via the Colle di San Giacomo. Suspecting that his opponent would retreat by this route, Massena ordered Joubert to seize the defile. The artillery convoy set out under the command of GM
1424:, he arrived at Dego on 28 November. Shortly after occupying Savona, the French halted pursuit due to lack of provisions. The triumph was not followed-up because of Schérer's caution, a "poorly conducted" pursuit, over-stretched supply lines, and the non-arrival of promised reinforcements. However, the capture of Savona made supply from
1465:
The historian Phipps questioned why Schérer authorized
Augereau to attack early in the morning, when the plan was for Massena to break through in the center and then strike the inland flank of the Allied left wing. In the event, Augereau's early attack pushed back Wallis' left wing so that it was out
1440:
stated that the French admitted losses of 500 killed and 1,150–1,200 wounded. The
Austrians sustained losses of 3,500 men killed and wounded and 4,000 captured. They also lost 5 colors and 48 field guns, plus 17 more guns abandoned at Vado. Edward Cust asserted that the Austrian-Sardinian armies lost
1327:
and 1,200 Austrians. Rusca's brigade failed to take the
Greater Castellaro, but pressed forward. Banel's brigade captured a battery in front of the Chartreuse, forcing GM Michael von Ternyey's troops into the Chartreuse. Reinforced by refugees from Argenteau's disintegrating command, Ternyey sortied
1251:
At 4:00 am on 23 November, Massena's troops began their assault on the Allied field fortifications to the southeast of Colle San
Bernardo. The divisions of Charlet and Laharpe took part in this assault against Argenteau's defending troops. Charlet was mortally wounded and Massena took control of his
1211:
A violent storm and heavy snowfall occurred on 18 November, halting further movements. Desiring to do something before winter prevented all operations, Schérer chose an assault plan presented by
Massena. While SĂ©rurier's division kept the Allies in his front occupied, Massena's divisions would sever
1383:
As Wallis retreated along the coast road, his columns became the target of the French gunboats. After being pursued by
Dommartin's brigade, Wallis reached Vado where he rallied his troops. On 25 November, Schérer reinforced his left flank under Sérurier with troops from Augereau's division. Despite
1448:
to conclude peace with Frence. The
Sardinians duly entered into negotiations, but the king rejected all French proposals on 27 January 1796. However, the Austrian government was notified of what was going on and this led to increasing strain on the Austrian-Sardinian alliance. Schérer repositioned
1080:
In July 1795, Kellermann mustered 31,193 soldiers in the Army of Italy and 17,108 men in the Army of the Alps. From these numbers, one must deduct garrisons and the sick. Much of
Kellermann's energy was expended trying to feed troops who were often on the brink of starvation because of the British
1260:
each led about 600 picked troops to attack one of Argenteau's redoubts armed with seven cannons. Charging through withering fire, and without firing, the French burst into the redoubt. In the melee, Joubert demanded that an enemy officer surrender, and when that man found that the Frenchman was a
1379:
and found itself blocked by Joubert's soldiers, who had marched through a hailstorm. Pittoni's soldiers manned an old entrenchment and waited for further orders. By the time Pittoni tried to execute Wallis' orders to withdraw to Finale, Massena also blocked the road behind the column. Taking the
1374:
Finally hearing that his center was overwhelmed, Wallis withdrew during the night to the San Pantaleone heights. On 24 November, Massena sent a message to Schérer, but the French army commander did not receive it until noon. Massena got some reinforcements from Laharpe's division, but by noon he
1339:
After Rusca failed to capture the Greater Castellaro, Victor's brigade was placed to contain it. Augereau summoned Rukavina to surrender the Greater Castellaro, but the Austrian insisted on getting free passage to Wallis' position, which was refused. Pointing at Victor's brigade, Rukavina said,
1155:
On 29 September 1795, Schérer replaced Kellermann in command of the Army of Italy. Kellermann was demoted to commanding only the Army of the Alps. In early October, the Army of Italy with 33,000 soldiers faced 30,000 Austrians and 12,000 Sardinians led by De Vins. At about this time, GD
1435:
reported that the French had 25,000 men engaged, while the Allied total was 18,000 soldiers. Of these, the French lost 2,500 killed and wounded, plus 500 captured. Allied losses numbered 3,000 killed and wounded, plus 4,000 men, 48 cannons, and 5 colors captured.
1160:'s division on the right flank, consisting of reinforcements from the Spanish front, numbered 6,961 men. SĂ©rurier's division on the left flank counted 5,155 soldiers. In the center, Massena controlled 13,276 troops, split between the divisions of GD
1172:. Massena's and SĂ©rurier's soldiers were originally from the Army of Italy. These active divisions totaled 25,392 infantry but did not include cavalry or artillery. It also did not include another division on the far left that held the
1517:
1100:
The Austrians and Sardinian armies did not cooperate very well, so De Vins was placed in overall command of both armies. On 18 September 1795, De Vins attacked the French lines with 40,000 troops. On the French side, GD
1207:
valley, but frequent delays prevented it from being carried out. On 17 November, Charlet's division attacked the Austro-Sardinians at Campo di Pietri, surprising them and capturing three cannons and 500 prisoners.
628:
1457:'s division on the extreme left flank. On 4 February 1796, Schérer asked to be replaced and on 2 March, the French government selected Bonaparte. The new commander arrived on 27 March 1796.
1299:
At dawn, accompanied by Schérer, Augereau attacked the Allied left wing at Loano, supported by the fire of French gunboats offshore. Augereau's division consisted of four brigades under GBs
1496:
Phipps stated that the battle started on 22 November (Phipps, pp. 262–264) while Boycott-Brown (p. 110), Chandler (p. 38), Cust (p. 304), and Smith (p. 108) all gave a date of 23 November.
2084:
1328:
from the Chatreuse and recaptured the battery. Hearing fire erupt in the rear, Augereau sent back Dommartin's brigade which drove Ternyey's soldiers into the Chartreuse again.
621:
1453:) on the right flank, Augereau's division watching the Bormida valley, SĂ©rurier's division watching the Tanaro valley, Macquard's division at the Col de Tende, and GD
2107:
The Armies of the First French Republic and the Rise of the Marshals of Napoleon I: The Armies in the West 1793 to 1797 and The Armies in the South 1793 to March 1796
614:
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353:
2090:
565:
2175:
2170:
638:
570:
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28:
1038:. Dumerbion praised Bonaparte, "It is to the ability of the General of Artillery that I owe the clever combinations which have secured our success."
2185:
369:
1014:
not to persist in an offensive. As the French troops withdrew to a more defensible position, Bonaparte noted that the road running from the port of
1441:
80 guns and abandoned large supply depots at Finale, Vado, and Savona. On the Austrian side, Argenteau received much of the blame for the defeat.
1359:
set out in pursuit with three battalions and prevented Argenteau's fugitives from rallying. Ultimately, Argenteau ordered his troops to retreat to
1125:
1487:
Only Cust described the 18 September 1795 battle. Boycott-Brown, Chandler, Phipps, and Smith did not mention it at all (Cust, pp. 303–304).
1261:
general, he immediately threw down his sword and asked for mercy. After seizing these positions, Massena next directed his troops to seize
1388:. When he heard about Wallis' defeat, Colli ordered a retreat on 28 November to his entrenched camp at Ceva, leaving behind his cannons.
1179:
270:
346:
86:
442:
286:
1165:
1323:. The French surprised and captured two of the fortified mounds but were repulsed at the Greater Castellaro which was held by GM
545:
2083:
1061:, Colle di San Giacomo, and Monte Alto. Kellermann ordered a withdrawal, taking care to evacuate his army's supplies from Vado,
1121:
faced Macquard, and Wallis faced Massena. Near Monte Sambucco, the Sardinians gained a momentary success, but the French under
1049:
on 6 May 1795. Also in May, Bonaparte was ordered away from the Army of Italy. On 24–26 June 1795, the Coalition commander FZM
303:
2114:
1220:. Believing that military operations were finished for the season, Wallis permitted his officers to attend a ball at Finale.
1312:
2180:
1319:. Banel's brigade seized Toirano, but while attacking the Chartreuse, Banel was wounded and handed over command to Colonel
1192:
959:
339:
229:
1042:
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166:
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1315:. Wallis' position was defended by three fortified mounds, batteries posted in olive groves, and the Chartreuse at
1093:
on 22 July 1795 allowed the Army of Italy to be reinforced. Several thousand more reinforcements arrived from the
1018:
to the interior was usable by artillery, a piece of information that would prove useful to him in the April 1796
855:
674:
1253:
1195:, relations between the Austrians and the Sardinians remained touchy. Bonaparte, then a military planner at the
1445:
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The Encyclopedia of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History
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launched an operation in mid-September 1794 that took his opponents by surprise. Using a plan prepared by
1265:. The French captured Rocca Barbena after a prolonged struggle. Two hours later, they seized the town of
914:
887:
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432:
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1137:
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402:
363:
32:
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866:
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467:
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382:
142:
1431:
Charles Mullié credited the French with 40,000 men and the Coalition with 53,000. Historian
492:
49:
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1437:
1308:
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1007:
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550:
8:
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736:
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517:
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472:
224:
161:
1041:
GD Schérer replaced Dumerbion as commander of the Army of Italy on 21 November 1794. GD
994:
After detecting that his Coalition foes were planning an offensive, French commander GD
1278:
1027:
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904:
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horses, Pittoni's men abandoned 19 guns and the wagon train and fled cross-country.
1366:
1352:
1128:
counterattacked in a fog and drove them off. All of the other Allied attacks failed.
986:
distinguished himself during this battle and is credited with the French victory.
963:
926:
920:
818:
746:
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155:
1351:
Massena left enough troops to hold Bardineto and headed for Monte Settepani and the
331:
1199:, urged an attack by the Army of Italy to seize Vado. He was soon backed up by the
1090:
1046:
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882:
781:
771:
766:
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482:
1102:
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Biographie des célébrités militaires des armées de terre et de mer de 1789 à 1850
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2047:
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1058:
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806:
407:
206:
1213:
1086:
716:
706:
1291:
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blockade of the coast and the nearly bankrupt French government. However, the
1057:. Though repulsed near the coast, in the inland sector the Austrians captured
2149:
1405:
1262:
1062:
101:
88:
1216:
Colonel Joseph Henri Costa de Beauregard reported that De Vins was ill with
1300:
1228:
1173:
1114:
1097:. The food supply was placed on a better basis at least for a few months.
1074:
1031:
1236:
SĂ©rurier's division was based on Ormea, Massena's divisions operated from
2124:
1432:
1409:
1320:
1035:
540:
1355:
with a small force, hoping to get there before Argenteau. Meanwhile, GB
1113:
held the left flank with 5,000 soldiers. The Sardinians faced SĂ©rurier,
1243:
1237:
1082:
1413:
1270:
1266:
1006:, the French defeated the Austrians under the Count of Wallis in the
636:
2049:
Tableaux des Armées Françaises pendant les Guerres de la Révolution
1385:
16:
Battle on 23-24 November 1795 during the War of the First Coalition
40:
1421:
1316:
1122:
76:
1203:. Schérer wanted to execute Kellermann's plan to advance up the
1849:
1847:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1417:
1217:
1204:
1187:
Even though the Sardinian army was led by an Austrian officer,
1069:. On 9 July, the French army took up its new defense line from
1015:
2097:(in French). Paris: Poignavant et Compagnie. pp. 273–275.
1425:
1404:
Wallis continued to retreat, reaching Savona on 25 November,
1066:
1023:
1011:
1010:
on 21 September. The French army then obeyed its orders from
80:
72:
1971:
1864:
1862:
1844:
1715:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1360:
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his army, placing Massena's two divisions (Laharpe and GD
1147:
2052:(in French). Paris: Librarie Militaire R. Chapelot et Cie
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1614:
1466:of reach of any possible flanking move by Massena.
1022:. The French army took up a defense line running from
1944:
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1829:
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1768:
1749:
1698:
1626:
1578:
361:
1959:
1563:
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1732:
1045:assumed command of both the Army of Italy and the
2147:
1444:After the debacle, the Sardinian generals urged
1515:
1109:defended the center with 6,000 troops, and GD
2007:The Road to Rivoli: Napoleon's First Campaign
2004:
1977:
1853:
1726:
1384:this, Colli maintained a spirited defense of
1284:'s battalion captured the imposing height of
622:
347:
2109:. Vol. 3. Pickle Partners Publishing.
1412:on 29 November. Rukavina led the Austrian
1252:division, also committing the reserve. GB
629:
615:
354:
340:
2176:Battles of the War of the First Coalition
2171:Battles involving the Kingdom of Sardinia
2067:"Annals of the Wars: 1783–1795, Volume 4"
1105:held the right flank with 24,000 men, GD
2186:Battles inscribed on the Arc de Triomphe
2023:
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1989:
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1838:
1806:
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1709:
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1632:
1608:
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2069:. London: Mitchell's Military Library
1965:
1516:Fremont-Barnes, Gregory, ed. (2006).
1053:attacked the French positions in the
610:
335:
2064:
1926:
1892:
1823:
1789:
1743:
1620:
1193:Michelangelo Alessandro Colli-Marchi
13:
1313:Elzéar Auguste Cousin de Dommartin
14:
2197:
1043:François Christophe de Kellermann
2009:. London, UK: Cassell & Co.
1166:Amédée Emmanuel François Laharpe
309:
302:
276:
269:
223:
212:
200:
189:
179:
160:
148:
136:
39:
1490:
1142:
1111:Jean-Mathieu-Philibert SĂ©rurier
960:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer
2005:Boycott-Brown, Martin (2001).
1509:
1481:
1377:Philipp Pittoni von Dannenfeld
1325:Mathias Rukavina von Boynograd
947:(23–24 November 1795) saw the
802:Fall of the Republic of Venice
290:Location within Northern Italy
1:
2129:The Napoleonic Wars Data Book
2031:. New York, N.Y.: Macmillan.
1998:
1460:
1305:Jean-Baptiste Dominique Rusca
1277:valley. During the fighting,
1269:, forcing their foes back to
1095:Army of the Rhine and Moselle
591:Italian campaign of 1796-1797
1258:Jean Joseph Magdeleine Pijon
1254:Barthélemy Catherine Joubert
968:Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont
962:attack the Allied armies of
7:
2181:Military history of Liguria
1247:South face of Rocca Barbena
10:
2202:
1391:
1201:Committee of Public Safety
1138:Loano 1795 order of battle
1135:
1119:Eugène-Guillaume Argenteau
989:
980:War of the First Coalition
365:War of the First Coalition
293:Show map of Northern Italy
33:War of the First Coalition
2161:Battles involving Austria
2046:Clerget, Charles (1905).
2029:The Campaigns of Napoleon
1525:. ABC-CLIO. p. 619.
1223:
1131:
1055:Battle of Monte Settepani
655:
647:French Revolutionary Wars
571:Rhine campaign of 1793–94
378:
263:
248:
235:
172:
129:
55:
38:
26:
21:
2082:Mullié, Charles (1852).
1469:
1455:Pierre Dominique Garnier
1256:described how he and GB
1232:Battle of Loano 1795 map
976:Olivier, Count of Wallis
318:Battle of Loano (Europe)
2166:Battles involving Italy
2085:"Masséna (Andre)"
1446:King Victor Amadeus III
1168:and a reserve under GD
1158:Charles-Pierre Augereau
1077:, then west to Ormea.
1071:Borghetto Santo Spirito
1051:Joseph Nikolaus De Vins
996:Pierre Jadart Dumerbion
1401:
1371:
1348:
1336:
1296:
1248:
1233:
1189:Feldmarschall-Leutnant
1184:
1170:Guilin Laurent Bizanet
1152:
1126:Louis de Saint-Hilaire
586:Rhine campaign of 1796
581:Rhine campaign of 1795
546:Mediterranean campaign
173:Commanders and leaders
2131:. London: Greenhill.
2103:Phipps, Ramsay Weston
2065:Cust, Edward (1859).
1451:Jean-Baptiste Meynier
1399:
1369:
1357:Jean-Baptiste Cervoni
1346:
1334:
1294:
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1231:
1182:
1150:
1136:Further information:
249:Casualties and losses
143:First French Republic
1438:Ramsay Weston Phipps
1408:on 27 November, and
1309:Claude-Victor Perrin
1286:Monte Carmo di Loano
1282:Louis-Gabriel Suchet
1197:Bureau Topographique
1008:First Battle of Dego
287:class=notpageimage|
1992:, pp. 276–277.
1941:, pp. 266–267.
1895:, pp. 305–306.
1883:, pp. 265–266.
1871:, pp. 263–264.
1683:, pp. 273–275.
1666:, pp. 261–262.
1623:, pp. 303–304.
1611:, pp. 254–255.
1599:, pp. 242–245.
1020:Montenotte campaign
956:General of Division
696:Montenotte Campaign
566:East Indies Theatre
556:War of the Pyrenees
167:Kingdom of Sardinia
98: /
63:23–24 November 1795
2025:Chandler, David G.
1978:Boycott-Brown 2001
1854:Boycott-Brown 2001
1727:Boycott-Brown 2001
1402:
1400:Philibert SĂ©rurier
1372:
1370:Barthelemy Joubert
1349:
1337:
1297:
1279:Lieutenant Colonel
1249:
1234:
1185:
1183:Michelangelo Colli
1153:
1151:Barthélemy Schérer
1028:Colle San Bernardo
1004:Napoleon Bonaparte
1000:General of Brigade
321:Show map of Europe
230:Michelangelo Colli
186:Barthélemy Schérer
102:44.1167°N 8.2500°E
50:Hippolyte Bellangé
2156:Conflicts in 1795
2116:978-1-908692-26-9
1695:, pp. 37–38.
1548:, pp. 34–35.
1353:Colle del Melogno
1107:François Macquard
940:
939:
640:Italian Campaigns
604:
603:
596:Anglo-Spanish War
576:Atlantic campaign
561:Italian campaigns
551:War in the Vendée
536:Flanders campaign
330:
329:
125:
124:
29:Italian campaigns
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1295:Mathias Rukavina
1091:Kingdom of Spain
1073:on the coast to
1047:Army of the Alps
1030:and then to the
964:Habsburg Austria
894:Marengo campaign
650:
648:
641:
631:
624:
617:
608:
607:
373:
366:
356:
349:
342:
333:
332:
322:
313:
312:
306:
294:
280:
279:
273:
228:
227:
217:
216:
215:
205:
204:
203:
194:
193:
192:
184:
183:
182:
165:
164:
156:Habsburg Austria
154:
152:
151:
141:
140:
139:
113:
112:
110:
109:
108:
103:
99:
96:
95:
94:
91:
57:
56:
43:
19:
18:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2146:
2145:
2139:
2117:
2072:
2070:
2055:
2053:
2039:
2017:
2001:
1996:
1988:
1984:
1976:
1972:
1964:
1960:
1952:
1945:
1937:
1933:
1925:
1914:
1906:
1899:
1891:
1887:
1879:
1875:
1867:
1860:
1852:
1845:
1837:
1830:
1822:
1813:
1805:
1796:
1788:
1784:
1776:
1769:
1761:
1750:
1742:
1733:
1725:
1716:
1708:
1699:
1691:
1687:
1679:
1670:
1662:
1658:
1650:
1639:
1631:
1627:
1619:
1615:
1607:
1603:
1595:
1591:
1583:
1579:
1571:
1564:
1556:
1552:
1544:
1540:
1533:
1522:
1514:
1510:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1482:
1472:
1463:
1416:, marching via
1394:
1335:Pierre Augereau
1226:
1162:Étienne Charlet
1145:
1140:
1134:
1059:Monte Settepani
992:
972:Feldzeugmeister
945:Battle of Loano
941:
936:
807:Veronese Easter
685:Monte Settepani
651:
646:
643:
639:
637:
635:
605:
600:
532:
374:
364:
362:
360:
326:
325:
324:
323:
320:
319:
316:
315:
314:
297:
296:
295:
292:
291:
289:
283:
282:
281:
258:
222:
221:
219:Count of Wallis
213:
211:
207:Pierre Augereau
201:
199:
198:
190:
188:
180:
178:
159:
158:
149:
147:
137:
135:
107:44.1167; 8.2500
106:
104:
100:
97:
92:
89:
87:
85:
84:
83:
46:Battle of Loano
44:
22:Battle of Loano
17:
12:
11:
5:
2199:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2144:
2143:
2137:
2121:
2115:
2099:
2079:
2062:
2043:
2037:
2021:
2015:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1982:
1980:, p. 112.
1970:
1968:, p. 108.
1958:
1956:, p. 270.
1943:
1931:
1929:, p. 306.
1912:
1910:, p. 266.
1897:
1885:
1873:
1858:
1856:, p. 111.
1843:
1841:, p. 265.
1828:
1826:, p. 305.
1811:
1809:, p. 264.
1794:
1792:, p. 303.
1782:
1780:, p. 267.
1767:
1765:, p. 263.
1748:
1746:, p. 304.
1731:
1729:, p. 110.
1714:
1712:, p. 262.
1697:
1685:
1668:
1656:
1637:
1635:, p. 257.
1625:
1613:
1601:
1589:
1577:
1562:
1550:
1538:
1531:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1489:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1468:
1462:
1459:
1393:
1390:
1225:
1222:
1214:chief of staff
1144:
1141:
1133:
1130:
1087:Peace of Basel
991:
988:
938:
937:
935:
934:
929:
924:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
863:
858:
853:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
810:
809:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
656:
653:
652:
634:
633:
626:
619:
611:
602:
601:
599:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
531:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
379:
376:
375:
359:
358:
351:
344:
336:
328:
327:
317:
308:
307:
301:
300:
299:
298:
285:
284:
275:
274:
268:
267:
266:
265:
264:
261:
260:
255:
251:
250:
246:
245:
242:
238:
237:
233:
232:
209:
175:
174:
170:
169:
145:
132:
131:
127:
126:
123:
122:
121:French victory
119:
115:
114:
71:
69:
65:
64:
61:
53:
52:
36:
35:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2198:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2140:
2138:1-85367-276-9
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2095:
2093:
2086:
2080:
2068:
2063:
2051:
2050:
2044:
2040:
2038:0-02-523660-1
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2016:0-304-35305-1
2012:
2008:
2003:
2002:
1991:
1986:
1979:
1974:
1967:
1962:
1955:
1950:
1948:
1940:
1935:
1928:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1909:
1904:
1902:
1894:
1889:
1882:
1877:
1870:
1865:
1863:
1855:
1850:
1848:
1840:
1835:
1833:
1825:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1808:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1791:
1786:
1779:
1774:
1772:
1764:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1745:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1728:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1711:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1694:
1693:Chandler 1966
1689:
1682:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1665:
1660:
1654:, p. 38.
1653:
1652:Chandler 1966
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1634:
1629:
1622:
1617:
1610:
1605:
1598:
1593:
1587:, p. 36.
1586:
1585:Chandler 1966
1581:
1575:, p. 47.
1574:
1569:
1567:
1560:, p. 39.
1559:
1554:
1547:
1546:Chandler 1966
1542:
1534:
1532:1-85109-651-5
1528:
1521:
1520:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1502:
1493:
1484:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1467:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1398:
1389:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1368:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1347:André Massena
1345:
1341:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1293:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1263:Rocca Barbena
1259:
1255:
1245:
1241:
1239:
1230:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1181:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1149:
1139:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1103:André Massena
1098:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
987:
985:
984:André Masséna
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
952:Army of Italy
950:
946:
933:
932:Porto Ferrajo
930:
928:
925:
923:
922:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
895:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
868:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
851:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
808:
805:
804:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
697:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
657:
654:
649:
642:
632:
627:
625:
620:
618:
613:
612:
609:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
533:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
380:
377:
371:
367:
357:
352:
350:
345:
343:
338:
337:
334:
305:
288:
272:
262:
256:
253:
252:
247:
244:18,000–53,000
243:
241:25,000–40,000
240:
239:
234:
231:
226:
220:
210:
208:
197:
196:André Masséna
187:
177:
176:
171:
168:
163:
157:
146:
144:
134:
133:
128:
120:
117:
116:
111:
82:
78:
74:
70:
67:
66:
62:
59:
58:
54:
51:
47:
42:
37:
34:
30:
25:
20:
2128:
2125:Smith, Digby
2106:
2091:
2073:21 September
2071:. Retrieved
2056:21 September
2054:. Retrieved
2048:
2028:
2006:
1985:
1973:
1961:
1934:
1888:
1876:
1785:
1688:
1659:
1628:
1616:
1604:
1592:
1580:
1573:Clerget 1905
1558:Clerget 1905
1553:
1541:
1518:
1511:
1492:
1483:
1464:
1443:
1430:
1403:
1382:
1373:
1350:
1338:
1301:Pierre Banel
1298:
1250:
1235:
1210:
1196:
1186:
1174:Col de Tende
1154:
1143:Preparations
1115:Generalmajor
1099:
1079:
1075:Monte Galero
1040:
1032:Ligurian Sea
993:
944:
942:
919:
892:
865:
848:
694:
689:
488:Newfoundland
453:Altenkirchen
130:Belligerents
45:
27:Part of the
1990:Phipps 2011
1954:Phipps 2011
1939:Phipps 2011
1908:Phipps 2011
1881:Phipps 2011
1869:Phipps 2011
1839:Phipps 2011
1807:Phipps 2011
1778:Phipps 2011
1763:Phipps 2011
1710:Phipps 2011
1681:Mullié 1852
1664:Phipps 2011
1633:Phipps 2011
1609:Phipps 2011
1597:Phipps 2011
1433:Digby Smith
1321:Jean Lannes
978:during the
856:2nd Marengo
839:1st Marengo
752:2nd Bassano
747:1st Bassano
732:Castiglione
675:2nd Saorgio
660:1st Saorgio
541:Chouannerie
257:7,000–7,500
254:1,700–3,000
105: /
2150:Categories
1999:References
1966:Smith 1998
1461:Commentary
1238:Zuccarello
1083:Royal Navy
915:Montebello
861:2nd Mantua
834:Bassignana
777:1st Mantua
443:Den Helder
438:Guadeloupe
433:Martinique
403:Thionville
383:Porrentruy
259:48–80 guns
90:44°07′00″N
2105:(2011) .
1927:Cust 1859
1893:Cust 1859
1824:Cust 1859
1790:Cust 1859
1744:Cust 1859
1621:Cust 1859
1504:Citations
1475:Footnotes
1414:rearguard
1271:Calizzano
1267:Bardineto
1089:with the
910:Chiusella
905:Fort Bard
787:Valvasone
737:Peschiera
722:Borghetto
528:Diersheim
518:Fishguard
478:Neresheim
388:Quiévrain
93:8°15′00″E
2127:(1998).
2027:(1966).
1428:easier.
1386:Garessio
1026:east to
966:and the
888:3rd Novi
878:2nd Novi
762:Caldiero
757:Calliano
742:Rovereto
702:2nd Dego
680:1st Dego
508:Biberach
503:2nd Kehl
493:WĂĽrzburg
468:1st Kehl
463:Kircheib
448:Siegburg
428:Sardinia
423:Jemappes
393:Marquain
236:Strength
68:Location
1422:Carcare
1392:Results
1317:Toirano
1275:Bormida
1273:in the
1164:and GD
1123:Colonel
990:Context
970:led by
954:led by
927:Pozzolo
921:Marengo
850:Trebbia
829:Cassano
824:Brescia
819:Magnano
670:Epierre
665:MĂ©ribel
644:of the
523:Neuwied
513:Ireland
498:Limburg
458:Wetzlar
77:Liguria
31:in the
2135:
2113:
2094:
2035:
2013:
1529:
1418:Altare
1311:, and
1224:Action
1218:scurvy
1205:Tanaro
1191:(FML)
1132:Battle
1065:, and
1063:Finale
1016:Savona
974:(FZM)
949:French
883:Genola
844:Modena
814:Verona
797:Tarvis
782:Faenza
772:Rivoli
767:Arcole
727:Lonato
712:Fombio
483:Amberg
473:Malsch
398:Verdun
153:
118:Result
1523:(PDF)
1470:Notes
1426:Genoa
1410:Acqui
1117:(GM)
1067:Loano
1024:Ormea
1012:Paris
1002:(GB)
958:(GD)
900:Genoa
792:Tyrol
690:Loano
418:Mainz
413:Lille
408:Valmy
81:Italy
73:Loano
48:, by
2133:ISBN
2111:ISBN
2075:2023
2058:2023
2033:ISBN
2011:ISBN
1527:ISBN
1420:and
1406:Dego
1361:Ceva
1288:.
1036:Vado
943:The
873:Gavi
867:Novi
717:Lodi
707:Ceva
370:List
60:Date
1176:.
1034:at
2152::
2088:.
1946:^
1915:^
1900:^
1861:^
1846:^
1831:^
1814:^
1797:^
1770:^
1751:^
1734:^
1717:^
1700:^
1671:^
1640:^
1565:^
1307:,
1303:,
79:,
75:,
2141:.
2119:.
2077:.
2060:.
2041:.
2019:.
1535:.
630:e
623:t
616:v
372:)
368:(
355:e
348:t
341:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
