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French First Republic

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The constitution of the republic did not provide for a formal head of state or a head of government. It could be discussed whether the head of state would have been the president of the National Assembly under international law. However, this changed every two weeks and was therefore not formative.
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As a result of the spike in public violence and the political instability of the constitutional monarchy, a party of six members of France's Legislative Assembly was assigned the task of overseeing elections. The resulting Convention was founded with the dual purpose of abolishing the monarchy and
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A renewed fear of counterrevolutionary action prompted further violence, and in the first week of September 1792, mobs of Parisians broke into the city's prisons. They killed over half of the prisoners, including nobles, clergymen, and political prisoners, but also common criminals, such as
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Throughout the winter of 1792 and spring of 1793, Paris was plagued by food riots and mass hunger. The new Convention did little to remedy the problem until late spring of 1793, occupied instead with matters of war. Finally, on 6 April 1793, the Convention created the
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The French Revolution : liberté, egalité, fraternité, a new republic is born in blood / produced & directed by Doug Shultz; written by Doug Shultz, Hilary Sio, Thomas Emil. : History Channel: Distributed in the U.S. by New Video,
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on 9 November 1799. Members of the Directory itself planned the coup, indicating clearly the failing power of the Directory. Napoleon Bonaparte was a co-conspirator in the coup and became head of the government as the First Consul.
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This foreign threat exacerbated France's political turmoil amid the French Revolution and deepened the passion and sense of urgency among the various factions. In the
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On 3 November 1795, the Directory was established. Under this system, France was led by a bicameral Parliament, consisting of an upper chamber called the
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prostitutes and petty thieves. Many victims were murdered in their cells: raped, stabbed, and/or slashed to death. This became known as the
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Most notably, the Committee of Public Safety instated a policy of terror, and perceived enemies of the republic began to be executed by
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The convention's first act was to establish the French First Republic and officially strip the king of all political powers.
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Despite growing discontent with the National Convention as a ruling body, in June the Convention drafted the
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at an ever-increasing rate. This began a period which is known today as the
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were reinstated. A year later, the National Convention adopted the
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François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt
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Liberty, Equality, Fraternity: Exploring the French Revolution
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and the new constitution were suspended under its control.
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The End of Kings: A History of Republics and Republicans
1959: 1689:, ending the First French Republic and ushering in the 1546:, by then a private citizen bearing his family name of 2102:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 191–192. 5045:
List of people associated with the French Revolution
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Leading members of the First Republic (and factions)
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National flag from February 1794, in use at sea only
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Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
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Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
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Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
1915: 1635:(with 250 members) and a lower chamber called the 903: 803:This period was characterised by the downfall and 6435: 4203:Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen 1316:         918:Initial armorial used by the Republic until 1794 838: 788:), was founded on 21 September 1792 during the 2245:Significant civil and political events by year 6509:States and territories disestablished in 1804 5368: 2132: 1519: 845:Proclamation of the abolition of the monarchy 5744: 5723: 5583: 5298: 5257: 5233: 5214: 4198:Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick 2001:"Robespierre and the Terror | History Today" 1678: 863:Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick 116: 99: 39: 2885: 2099:The Oxford History of the French Revolution 6504:States and territories established in 1792 5375: 5361: 4402:Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth 2139: 2125: 1946: 1526: 1512: 892:and insisting on the removal of the king. 225: 189: 4667:Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau 4325:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau 4148:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany 1983: 231:The French Republic in 1801, delineating 5099: 2383:Nationalization of the Church properties 1913: 1661:The French Consulate era began with the 1650: 1601: 913: 27:Constitution governing France, 1792–1804 5328:Historiography of the French Revolution 4599:Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville 4310:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette 14: 6436: 4335:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord 4290:Other significant figures and factions 2011:from the original on 30 September 2018 1687:proclaim himself Emperor of the French 126:("War Song for the Army of the Rhine") 6479:Political history of France by period 5356: 5203: 5098: 4382:François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy 4288: 4138:James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez 4077:Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 4035:Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth 3638: 2884: 2515:Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary 2243: 2146: 2120: 2095: 1977: 1965: 1955:: Pennsylvania State University Press 4536:Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux 3948:Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno 3639: 2735:Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III 2063:"Paris: Capital of the 19th Century" 2043:from the original on 8 December 2013 1947:Censer, Jack R.; Hunt, Lynn (2004), 888:, killing six hundred of the King's 119:Chant de guerre pour l'Armée du Rhin 5204: 4143:Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth 24: 6449:Former countries in French history 5333:Influence of the French Revolution 5323:Symbolism in the French Revolution 4087:Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen 4048:Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc 2303:Convocation of the Estates General 1612:After the arrest and execution of 195:The French First Republic in 1799 25: 6530: 5382: 4975:Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes 4707:Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville 4009:Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen 3791:François Christophe de Kellermann 3030:Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees) 869:, threatening the destruction of 322:(4 August 1798 – 9 November 1799) 107:("Liberty, Equality, Fraternity") 6499:1804 disestablishments in France 4702:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai 4609:Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours 4579:Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot 4470:Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière 4248: 4213: 4183: 4158: 4115: 3989: 3866:Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise 3647: 2419:Civil Constitution of the Clergy 2073:from the original on 11 May 2020 1867: 1848: 1829: 1818:Jean-Jacques-Régis de Cambacérès 1810: 1789: 1766: 1747: 1736:Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière 1728: 1705: 1562:, food shortages and riots, the 1495: 1480: 946: 738: 713: 699: 685: 501:Abolition of the French monarchy 130: 79: 65: 5040:Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil 4787:Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne 4712:Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas 3923:Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier 3918:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer 3898:Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon 3726:Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine 2644:Marie Antoinette is guillotined 2089: 904:National Convention (1792–1795) 5714:Government of National Defense 5313:Women in the French Revolution 4915:Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien 4092:Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló 3756:Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino 3385:French invasion of Switzerland 2055: 2023: 1993: 1940: 1907: 1620:was closed, and the surviving 882:insurrection of 10 August 1792 835:and Napoleon's rise to power. 13: 1: 6494:1792 establishments in France 5623:Diplomatic Revolution of 1756 5618:War of the Spanish Succession 5318:Incroyables and merveilleuses 5137:Pierre Claude François Daunou 4925:Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé 4056:Maximilian Baillet de Latour 4027:Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze 3324:Naval Engagement off Brittany 3077:Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies 3051:Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees) 2860:Constitution of the Year VIII 2595:Committee of General Security 2480:National Legislative Assembly 2335:National Constituent Assembly 1953:University Park, Pennsylvania 1914:Everdell, William R. (2000). 1900: 1539:drafting a new constitution. 873:should any harm come to King 839:End of the monarchy in France 592:Constitution of the Year VIII 5236:Liberté, égalité, fraternité 5030:Charles Alexandre de Calonne 4920:Louis Henri, Prince of Condé 4817:Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte 4717:Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier 4407:Charles Malo François Lameth 4082:Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich 3913:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr 3856:Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey 3056:Second Battle of Wissembourg 2743:Constitution of the Year III 1626:Constitution of the Year III 772:), sometimes referred to in 540:Constitution of the Year III 519:10 March 1793 – 27 July 1794 341:(15 July 1801 – 18 May 1804) 102:Liberté, égalité, fraternité 87:Coat of arms of the Republic 7: 5132:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb 4757:Antoine Christophe Saliceti 4692:Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois 4652:Louis Antoine de Saint-Just 4531:Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet 4516:Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve 4511:Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud 4320:Isaac René Guy le Chapelier 4173:William V, Prince of Orange 3043:First Battle of Wissembourg 3000:(21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793) 2716:Closing of the Jacobin Club 2585:(27 Jun 1793 – 27 Jul 1794) 2542:(20 Sep 1792 – 26 Oct 1795) 2402:Abolition of the Parlements 2375:Women's March on Versailles 1924:University of Chicago Press 1888: 811:, the establishment of the 631:• Napoleon proclaimed 315:(7 May 1794 – 28 July 1794) 308:(October 1793 – March 1794) 203: Directly administered 10: 6535: 6104:French subdivisions by GDP 5851:2022 presidential election 5836:2017 presidential election 5267:French Republican calendar 4822:Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel 4447:Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac 3801:Pierre Choderlos de Laclos 3751:Charles François Dumouriez 3741:Jacques François Dugommier 3555:League of Armed Neutrality 3388:(28 January – 17 May 1798) 3340:Battle of the Bay of Cádiz 3163:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795) 3142:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795) 2806:Second Congress of Rastatt 2590:Committee of Public Safety 2577:(9 Mar 1793 – 31 May 1795) 1895:French Republican Calendar 1654: 1605: 1556:Committee of Public Safety 907: 842: 6365: 6255: 6165: 6156: 6052: 6043: 5945: 5936: 5874: 5865: 5786: 5667: 5636: 5608:Second Hundred Years' War 5559: 5512: 5479: 5458: 5450:Liberalism and radicalism 5402: 5393: 5282:Cult of the Supreme Being 5210: 5199: 5105: 5094: 5053: 4887: 4880: 4765: 4622: 4544: 4455: 4442:Pierre Paul Royer-Collard 4348: 4297:Patriotic Society of 1789 4295: 4284: 4246: 4211: 4181: 4156: 4113: 4100:Karl Philipp Sebottendorf 4022:Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg 3987: 3978: 3956: 3661: 3645: 3634: 3603: 3566: 3539:Convention of Alessandria 3521: 3428: 3375: 3306: 3176: 3150: 3067: 2964: 2891: 2880: 2836: 2825:Law of 22 Floréal Year VI 2817: 2790: 2727: 2663: 2558: 2491: 2440: 2394: 2286:What Is the Third Estate? 2277: 2250: 2239: 2154: 1679: 664: 646: 642: 629: 615: 605:French Revolutionary Wars 601: 588: 575: 562: 549: 536: 523: 510: 497: 493: 480:French Revolutionary Wars 472: 468: 449: 437: 425: 421: 413: 360: 348: 312:Cult of the Supreme Being 290: 252: 239: 224: 188: 111: 95: 61: 56: 34: 6459:Modern history of France 5879:Administrative divisions 4990:Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target 4955:Joséphine de Beauharnais 4837:Stanislas-Marie Maillard 4807:François-Nicolas Vincent 4792:Pierre Gaspard Chaumette 3966:Charles-Alexandre Linois 3861:Jean Victor Marie Moreau 3841:François Séverin Marceau 3821:François Joseph Lefebvre 3716:Jean-Étienne Championnet 3691:Louis-Alexandre Berthier 3686:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte 3681:Alexandre de Beauharnais 3671:Eustache Charles d'Aoust 3393:French Invasion of Egypt 3271:Second Battle of Bassano 3005:Battle of Kaiserslautern 2779:Conspiracy of the Equals 2472:The Constitution of 1791 2343:Storming of the Bastille 1305:     1267:     1097:     1086:     1065:     823:and the founding of the 215:and occupied territories 6484:Republicanism in France 6099:Franc (former currency) 5704:Coup of 2 December 1851 5677:Long nineteenth century 4970:Jacques-Donatien Le Ray 4842:Charles-Philippe Ronsin 4802:Antoine-François Momoro 4797:Charles-Philippe Ronsin 4614:François de Neufchâteau 4564:Charles-François Lebrun 4506:Jean Baptiste Treilhard 4387:Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas 4263:Luis Firmin de Carvajal 4069:Rudolf Ritter von Otto 4064:Karl Mack von Leiberich 3696:Jean-Baptiste Bessières 3510:Second Battle of Zurich 3401:Irish Rebellion of 1798 3247:First Battle of Bassano 3085:Second Battle of Boulou 2886:Revolutionary campaigns 2844:Coup of 30 Prairial VII 2759:Council of Five Hundred 2547:First republic declared 2483:(1 Oct 1791 – Sep 1792) 2464:Declaration of Pillnitz 2188:Constitutional monarchy 2096:Doyle, William (1989). 1637:Council of Five Hundred 884:, citizens stormed the 566:Coup of 30 Prairial VII 6519:Military dictatorships 6514:19th century in France 6119:Science and technology 5776:Provisional Government 5745: 5724: 5584: 5299: 5258: 5234: 5215: 4727:Prieur de la Côte-d'Or 4722:Jean-Pierre-André Amar 4632:Maximilien Robespierre 4465:Jacques Pierre Brissot 4330:Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès 3761:Louis-Charles de Flers 3746:Thomas-Alexandre Dumas 3711:Jean François Carteaux 3486:First Battle of Zurich 3449:(20 Mar – 21 May 1799) 3404:(23 May – 23 Sep 1798) 3364:Treaty of Campo Formio 3110:Glorious First of June 3038:(18 Sep – 18 Dec 1793) 2997:Expedition to Sardinia 2675:Desmoulins guillotined 2610:Assassination of Marat 2602:Fall of the Girondists 2574:Revolutionary Tribunal 2566:Execution of Louis XVI 2456:Champ de Mars massacre 2359:Abolition of Feudalism 1856:Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès 1774:Maximilien Robespierre 1643:of the paper monies (" 1141:Valois-Angoulême kings 919: 785: 769: 380:revolutionary republic 117: 100: 40: 6444:French First Republic 5172:Jean-Jacques Rousseau 4437:Jean-Charles Pichegru 4417:Jean-François Rewbell 3903:Jean-Charles Pichegru 3786:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan 3776:Jacques Maurice Hatry 3547:Battle of Hohenlinden 3420:(12 Oct – 5 Dec 1798) 3255:Battle of Emmendingen 3202:Battle of Castiglione 3089:(30 Apr – 1 May 1794) 3020:Battle of Hondschoote 2691:Thermidorian Reaction 2655:(throughout the year) 2428:Fête de la Fédération 2354:(20 Jul – 5 Aug 1789) 2338:(9 Jul – 30 Sep 1791) 2322:(17 Jun – 9 Jul 1790) 1675:Emperor of the French 1651:Consulate (1799–1804) 1616:on 28 July 1794, the 1602:Directory (1795–1799) 917: 821:Thermidorian Reaction 796:on 18 May 1804 under 780:, and officially the 527:Thermidorean Reaction 405:military dictatorship 298:Constitutional Church 253:Common languages 18:First French Republic 6474:Government of France 6420:48.86528°N 2.32722°E 5924:World Heritage Sites 5841:Coronavirus pandemic 5100:Influential thinkers 4847:Jean-François Varlet 4747:Jean-Lambert Tallien 4742:Jean Bon Saint-André 4569:Pierre-Joseph Cambon 4491:Marquis de Condorcet 4340:Nicolas de Condorcet 4105:Dagobert von Wurmser 3938:Louis-Gabriel Suchet 3881:Pierre-Jacques Osten 3796:Jean-Baptiste Kléber 3731:Louis-Nicolas Davout 3721:Chapuis de Tourville 3263:Battle of Schliengen 3210:Battle of Theiningen 3131:Battle of Aldenhoven 3015:Battle of Wattignies 2984:Battle of Neerwinden 2798:Coup of 18 Fructidor 2311:Death of the Dauphin 2005:www.historytoday.com 1586:Constitution of 1793 1564:revolt in the Vendée 1349:Provisional Republic 1131:Valois-Orléans kings 851:Legislative Assembly 827:, and, finally, the 786:République française 778:Revolutionary France 553:Coup of 18 Fructidor 301:(until 15 July 1801) 41:République française 6416: /  6062:Automotive industry 5846:2021 labor protests 5603:Peace of Westphalia 5471:History of Normandy 5466:History of Brittany 5187:Mary Wollstonecraft 4965:Jean Sylvain Bailly 4752:Pierre Louis Prieur 4697:Jean-Henri Voulland 4672:Jacques-Louis David 4604:Jean Joseph Mounier 4305:Jean Sylvain Bailly 3943:Belgrand de Vaubois 3831:Jean-Antoine Marbot 3771:Emmanuel de Grouchy 3576:Treaty of Lunéville 3215:Battle of Neresheim 3160:Siege of Luxembourg 3139:Siege of Luxembourg 3094:Battle of Tourcoing 3025:Siege of Bellegarde 2852:Coup of 18 Brumaire 2764:Council of Ancients 2539:National Convention 2531:September Massacres 2507:Brunswick Manifesto 2499:France declares war 2266:Assembly of Vizille 1968:, pp. 191–192. 1691:French First Empire 1663:coup of 18 Brumaire 910:National Convention 898:September Massacres 875:Louis XVI of France 867:Brunswick Manifesto 813:National Convention 770:Première République 734:First French Empire 579:Coup of 18 Brumaire 432:National Convention 396:1799–1804: Unitary 385:1795–1799: Unitary 6129:Telecommunications 5831:2015 Paris attacks 5694:Revolution of 1848 5522:Visigothic Kingdom 5025:Loménie de Brienne 5000:Madame de Lamballe 4935:Napoléon Bonaparte 4732:Prieur de la Marne 4647:Camille Desmoulins 4501:Marie Jean Hérault 4377:Jean-Sifrein Maury 4372:Arnaud de La Porte 4228:Alexander Korsakov 4014:Count of Clerfayt 3933:Jean-de-Dieu Soult 3846:Auguste de Marmont 3701:Napoléon Bonaparte 3592:Algeciras campaign 3584:Treaty of Florence 3462:Battle of Stockach 3295:Ireland expedition 3279:Battle of Calliano 3239:Battle of Rovereto 3231:Battle of Würzburg 2683:Law of 22 Prairial 2652:Anti-clerical laws 2627:The Death of Marat 2448:Flight to Varennes 1875:Napoleon Bonaparte 1681:Sénat conservateur 1502:History portal 998:  until 50 BC 920: 798:Napoléon Bonaparte 461:Napoleon Bonaparte 6489:French Revolution 6425:48.86528; 2.32722 6399: 6398: 6361: 6360: 6152: 6151: 6039: 6038: 6031:Political parties 5967:Foreign relations 5932: 5931: 5861: 5860: 5644:French Revolution 5598:Thirty Years' War 5579:Absolute monarchy 5544:Kingdom of France 5440:Foreign relations 5420:Political history 5350: 5349: 5346: 5345: 5224:Cockade of France 5195: 5194: 5157:Antoine Lavoisier 5147:Benjamin Franklin 5127:Anacharsis Cloots 5090: 5089: 5086: 5085: 5010:Louis de Breteuil 4852:Theophile Leclerc 4280: 4279: 4276: 4275: 4233:Alexander Suvorov 3974: 3973: 3908:Józef Poniatowski 3826:Étienne Macdonald 3630: 3629: 3531:Battle of Marengo 3494:Battle of Trebbia 3478:Battle of Cassano 3470:Battle of Magnano 3454:Battle of Ostrach 3356:Battle of Neuwied 3118:Battle of Fleurus 3102:Battle of Tournay 2979:War in the Vendée 2915:Royalist Revolts 2876: 2875: 2433: 2409:Abolition of the 2327:Tennis Court Oath 2319:National Assembly 2148:French Revolution 2067:library.brown.edu 1685:. He would later 1633:Council of Elders 1536: 1535: 1487:France portal 1380: 1379: 1277: 1276: 1188:Kingdom of France 1178:French Revolution 1169:Long 19th century 1159: 1158: 1107: 1106: 1077:Kingdom of France 1012: 1011: 790:French Revolution 758:history of France 754: 753: 750: 749: 746: 745: 726: 725: 693:Kingdom of France 506:21 September 1792 464: 451:• 1799-1804 439:• 1795-1799 427:• 1792-1795 403:republic under a 181: 16:(Redirected from 6526: 6454:Former republics 6431: 6430: 6428: 6427: 6426: 6421: 6417: 6414: 6413: 6412: 6409: 6163: 6162: 6079:Economic history 6050: 6049: 5943: 5942: 5872: 5871: 5750: 5729: 5628:Seven Years' War 5593:Wars of Religion 5589: 5574:House of Bourbon 5569:Early modern era 5549:Fundamental laws 5425:Military history 5400: 5399: 5377: 5370: 5363: 5354: 5353: 5304: 5292:Temple of Reason 5263: 5239: 5220: 5201: 5200: 5152:Thomas Jefferson 5096: 5095: 5015:de Chateaubriand 4945:Joseph Bonaparte 4940:Lucien Bonaparte 4930:Marie Antoinette 4885: 4884: 4872:Sylvain Maréchal 4827:François Hanriot 4662:Louis Philippe I 4589:Louis Philippe I 4584:Philippe Égalité 4526:Olympe de Gouges 4496:Charlotte Corday 4486:Étienne Clavière 4286: 4285: 4268:Antonio Ricardos 4253: 4252: 4238:Andrei Rosenberg 4218: 4217: 4188: 4187: 4163: 4162: 4133:Ralph Abercromby 4120: 4119: 4095: 4072: 4059: 4051: 4043: 4030: 4017: 3994: 3993: 3985: 3984: 3889: 3836:Marcellin Marbot 3659: 3658: 3652: 3651: 3640:Military leaders 3636: 3635: 3623: 3615: 3611:Treaty of Amiens 3596: 3588: 3580: 3559: 3551: 3543: 3535: 3514: 3513:(25–26 Sep 1799) 3506: 3498: 3497:(17–20 Jun 1799) 3490: 3482: 3481:(27–28 Apr 1799) 3474: 3466: 3458: 3457:(20–21 Mar 1799) 3450: 3442: 3438:Second Coalition 3421: 3413: 3405: 3397: 3389: 3368: 3360: 3352: 3348:Treaty of Leoben 3344: 3336: 3335:(14–15 Jan 1797) 3332:Battle of Rivoli 3328: 3320: 3316:Italian campaign 3299: 3291: 3290:(15–17 Nov 1796) 3287:Battle of Arcole 3283: 3275: 3267: 3259: 3251: 3243: 3235: 3227: 3223:Battle of Amberg 3219: 3206: 3198: 3194:Battle of Lonato 3190: 3186:Italian campaign 3164: 3143: 3135: 3122: 3114: 3106: 3098: 3090: 3081: 3060: 3059:(26–27 Dec 1793) 3047: 3039: 3001: 2993: 2989:Battle of Famars 2957: 2882: 2881: 2864: 2856: 2848: 2829: 2810: 2802: 2783: 2775: 2755: 2747: 2739: 2720: 2712: 2704: 2695: 2687: 2679: 2656: 2648: 2640: 2632: 2622: 2614: 2606: 2586: 2578: 2570: 2551: 2543: 2535: 2527: 2519: 2511: 2503: 2484: 2476: 2468: 2460: 2452: 2451:(20–21 Jun 1791) 2431: 2423: 2415: 2406: 2387: 2379: 2371: 2363: 2355: 2347: 2339: 2331: 2323: 2315: 2307: 2299: 2291: 2270: 2262: 2258:Day of the Tiles 2241: 2240: 2141: 2134: 2127: 2118: 2117: 2113: 2083: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2059: 2053: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2042: 2035: 2027: 2021: 2020: 2018: 2016: 1997: 1991: 1987: 1981: 1975: 1969: 1963: 1957: 1956: 1944: 1938: 1937: 1921: 1911: 1871: 1852: 1833: 1814: 1793: 1770: 1755:Étienne Clavière 1751: 1732: 1709: 1684: 1683: 1669:On 18 May 1804, 1657:French Consulate 1608:French Directory 1528: 1521: 1514: 1500: 1499: 1498: 1485: 1484: 1483: 1376: 1292: 1291: 1174: 1173: 1127: 1126: 1088:Direct Capetians 1027: 1026: 970: 969: 950: 940: 922: 921: 886:Tuileries Palace 861:. In July 1792, 742: 741: 730: 729: 717: 716: 707:Comtat Venaissin 703: 702: 689: 688: 682: 681: 666: 665: 597:24 December 1799 558:4 September 1797 545:6 September 1795 459: 242:and largest city 229: 213:Sister republics 210: 202: 193: 183: 182: 127: 122: 105: 83: 69: 51: 43: 32: 31: 21: 6534: 6533: 6529: 6528: 6527: 6525: 6524: 6523: 6469:1800s in France 6464:1790s in France 6434: 6433: 6424: 6422: 6418: 6415: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6403: 6402: 6400: 6395: 6394: 6375: 6357: 6338:Public holidays 6251: 6210:Life expectancy 6148: 6035: 5928: 5857: 5826:Great Recession 5799:Fourth Republic 5794:1900 to present 5782: 5699:Second Republic 5663: 5632: 5555: 5508: 5475: 5454: 5389: 5381: 5351: 5342: 5217:La Marseillaise 5206: 5205:Cultural impact 5191: 5101: 5082: 5049: 5005:Madame du Barry 4995:Catherine Théot 4985:Thérésa Tallien 4876: 4867:Gracchus Babeuf 4812:François Chabot 4769: 4761: 4682:Georges Couthon 4677:Marquis de Sade 4642:Jean-Paul Marat 4618: 4574:Bertrand Barère 4540: 4451: 4432:Boissy d'Anglas 4427:Madame de Staël 4392:Antoine Barnave 4360: 4353: 4344: 4291: 4272: 4247: 4242: 4212: 4207: 4182: 4177: 4157: 4152: 4114: 4109: 4093: 4070: 4057: 4049: 4041: 4028: 4015: 4004:József Alvinczi 3988: 3970: 3952: 3893:Nicolas Oudinot 3883: 3816:Claude Lecourbe 3811:Charles Leclerc 3706:Guillaume Brune 3676:Pierre Augereau 3646: 3641: 3626: 3621: 3619:Treaty of Paris 3613: 3599: 3594: 3586: 3578: 3562: 3557: 3549: 3541: 3533: 3517: 3512: 3504: 3496: 3488: 3480: 3472: 3464: 3456: 3448: 3440: 3424: 3419: 3411: 3403: 3395: 3387: 3371: 3366: 3358: 3350: 3342: 3334: 3326: 3318: 3302: 3297: 3289: 3281: 3273: 3265: 3257: 3249: 3241: 3233: 3225: 3217: 3204: 3196: 3188: 3172: 3162: 3146: 3141: 3133: 3120: 3112: 3104: 3096: 3088: 3079: 3063: 3058: 3045: 3037: 3035:Siege of Toulon 2999: 2991: 2974:First Coalition 2960: 2951: 2887: 2872: 2862: 2854: 2846: 2832: 2827: 2813: 2808: 2800: 2786: 2781: 2773: 2753: 2745: 2737: 2723: 2718: 2710: 2702: 2693: 2685: 2677: 2659: 2654: 2646: 2638: 2636:Law of Suspects 2630: 2620: 2612: 2604: 2584: 2582:Reign of Terror 2576: 2568: 2554: 2549: 2541: 2533: 2525: 2517: 2509: 2501: 2487: 2482: 2474: 2466: 2458: 2450: 2436: 2421: 2413: 2404: 2390: 2385: 2377: 2369: 2362:(4–11 Aug 1789) 2361: 2353: 2345: 2337: 2329: 2321: 2313: 2305: 2297: 2295:Réveillon riots 2289: 2273: 2268: 2260: 2246: 2235: 2150: 2145: 2110: 2092: 2087: 2086: 2076: 2074: 2061: 2060: 2056: 2046: 2044: 2040: 2033: 2029: 2028: 2024: 2014: 2012: 1999: 1998: 1994: 1988: 1984: 1976: 1972: 1964: 1960: 1945: 1941: 1934: 1912: 1908: 1903: 1891: 1886: 1885: 1884: 1883: 1882: 1872: 1864: 1863: 1853: 1845: 1844: 1834: 1826: 1825: 1815: 1806: 1805: 1804: 1794: 1786: 1785: 1771: 1763: 1762: 1752: 1744: 1743: 1733: 1725: 1724: 1710: 1701: 1700: 1673:was proclaimed 1659: 1653: 1610: 1604: 1579:Reign of Terror 1532: 1496: 1494: 1481: 1479: 1474: 1382: 1381: 1374: 1359:Fourth Republic 1340: 1307:Interwar period 1289: 1279: 1278: 1238:Second Republic 1171: 1161: 1160: 1119: 1109: 1108: 1024: 1014: 1013: 967: 938: 931: 912: 906: 847: 841: 817:Reign of Terror 809:French monarchy 782:French Republic 739: 714: 700: 686: 635: 622: 619:Napoleonic Wars 608: 594: 584:9 November 1799 581: 568: 555: 542: 529: 516: 514:Reign of Terror 503: 489: 485:Napoleonic Wars 463:as First Consul 458: 452: 440: 428: 409: 393: 382: 344: 340: 321: 314: 307: 300: 286: 243: 235: 220: 219: 216: 208: 204: 200: 184: 131: 128: 125: 124: 106: 91: 90: 89: 84: 76: 75: 70: 52: 45: 37: 36:French Republic 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6532: 6522: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6397: 6396: 6393: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6376: 6374: 6373: 6367: 6366: 6363: 6362: 6359: 6358: 6356: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6294:Cultural icons 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6261: 6259: 6253: 6252: 6250: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6233: 6232: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6166: 6160: 6154: 6153: 6150: 6149: 6147: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6114:Stock exchange 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6075: 6074: 6064: 6059: 6053: 6047: 6041: 6040: 6037: 6036: 6034: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6017: 6016: 6011: 6006: 5996: 5991: 5990: 5989: 5984: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5963: 5962: 5952: 5946: 5940: 5934: 5933: 5930: 5929: 5927: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5914:National parks 5911: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5889:Climate change 5886: 5881: 5875: 5869: 5863: 5862: 5859: 5858: 5856: 5855: 5854: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5811:Fifth Republic 5808: 5807: 5806: 5796: 5790: 5788: 5784: 5783: 5781: 5780: 5779: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5753: 5752: 5751: 5737: 5732: 5731: 5730: 5719:Third Republic 5716: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5690: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5673: 5671: 5665: 5664: 5662: 5661: 5656: 5654:First Republic 5651: 5649:Napoleonic era 5646: 5640: 5638: 5634: 5633: 5631: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5565: 5563: 5557: 5556: 5554: 5553: 5552: 5551: 5541: 5536: 5535: 5534: 5524: 5518: 5516: 5510: 5509: 5507: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5494:Greek colonies 5491: 5485: 5483: 5477: 5476: 5474: 5473: 5468: 5462: 5460: 5456: 5455: 5453: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5406: 5404: 5397: 5391: 5390: 5380: 5379: 5372: 5365: 5357: 5348: 5347: 5344: 5343: 5341: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5296: 5295: 5294: 5287:Cult of Reason 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5231: 5229:Flag of France 5226: 5221: 5211: 5208: 5207: 5197: 5196: 5193: 5192: 5190: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5106: 5103: 5102: 5092: 5091: 5088: 5087: 5084: 5083: 5081: 5080: 5075: 5074: 5073: 5068: 5057: 5055: 5051: 5050: 5048: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5035:Jacques Necker 5032: 5027: 5022: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4891: 4889: 4882: 4878: 4877: 4875: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4857:Claire Lacombe 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4782:Jacques Hébert 4778: 4776: 4763: 4762: 4760: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4637:Georges Danton 4634: 4628: 4626: 4620: 4619: 4617: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4550: 4548: 4542: 4541: 4539: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4481:Henri Grégoire 4477: 4472: 4467: 4461: 4459: 4453: 4452: 4450: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4434: 4429: 4424: 4422:Camille Jordan 4419: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4363: 4361: 4349: 4346: 4345: 4343: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4301: 4299: 4293: 4292: 4282: 4281: 4278: 4277: 4274: 4273: 4271: 4270: 4265: 4259: 4257: 4244: 4243: 4241: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4224: 4222: 4209: 4208: 4206: 4205: 4200: 4194: 4192: 4179: 4178: 4176: 4175: 4169: 4167: 4154: 4153: 4151: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4126: 4124: 4111: 4110: 4108: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4066: 4061: 4053: 4045: 4037: 4032: 4024: 4019: 4011: 4006: 4000: 3998: 3982: 3976: 3975: 3972: 3971: 3969: 3968: 3962: 3960: 3954: 3953: 3951: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3878: 3873: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3838: 3833: 3828: 3823: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3667: 3665: 3656: 3643: 3642: 3632: 3631: 3628: 3627: 3625: 3624: 3616: 3607: 3605: 3601: 3600: 3598: 3597: 3589: 3581: 3572: 3570: 3564: 3563: 3561: 3560: 3552: 3544: 3536: 3527: 3525: 3519: 3518: 3516: 3515: 3507: 3502:Battle of Novi 3499: 3491: 3489:(4–7 Jun 1799) 3483: 3475: 3467: 3459: 3451: 3443: 3434: 3432: 3426: 3425: 3423: 3422: 3414: 3406: 3398: 3390: 3381: 3379: 3373: 3372: 3370: 3369: 3361: 3353: 3345: 3337: 3329: 3321: 3312: 3310: 3304: 3303: 3301: 3300: 3292: 3284: 3282:(6–7 Nov 1796) 3276: 3268: 3260: 3252: 3244: 3236: 3228: 3220: 3212: 3207: 3199: 3197:(3–4 Aug 1796) 3191: 3182: 3180: 3174: 3173: 3171: 3170: 3168:Peace of Basel 3165: 3156: 3154: 3148: 3147: 3145: 3144: 3136: 3128: 3123: 3115: 3107: 3099: 3091: 3082: 3073: 3071: 3065: 3064: 3062: 3061: 3053: 3048: 3040: 3032: 3027: 3022: 3017: 3012: 3010:Siege of Mainz 3007: 3002: 2994: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2970: 2968: 2962: 2961: 2959: 2958: 2946: 2941: 2939:Siege of Mainz 2936: 2931: 2930: 2929: 2926: 2921: 2913: 2908: 2903: 2897: 2895: 2889: 2888: 2878: 2877: 2874: 2873: 2871: 2870: 2865: 2857: 2849: 2840: 2838: 2834: 2833: 2831: 2830: 2821: 2819: 2815: 2814: 2812: 2811: 2803: 2794: 2792: 2788: 2787: 2785: 2784: 2776: 2771:13 Vendémiaire 2768: 2767: 2766: 2761: 2748: 2740: 2731: 2729: 2725: 2724: 2722: 2721: 2713: 2705: 2696: 2688: 2680: 2667: 2665: 2661: 2660: 2658: 2657: 2649: 2641: 2633: 2623: 2618:Levée en masse 2615: 2607: 2599: 2598: 2597: 2592: 2579: 2571: 2562: 2560: 2556: 2555: 2553: 2552: 2544: 2536: 2528: 2523:10th of August 2520: 2512: 2504: 2495: 2493: 2489: 2488: 2486: 2485: 2477: 2469: 2461: 2453: 2444: 2442: 2438: 2437: 2435: 2434: 2424: 2416: 2407: 2405:(Feb–Jul 1790) 2398: 2396: 2392: 2391: 2389: 2388: 2380: 2372: 2364: 2356: 2348: 2340: 2332: 2324: 2316: 2308: 2300: 2292: 2281: 2279: 2275: 2274: 2272: 2271: 2263: 2254: 2252: 2248: 2247: 2237: 2236: 2234: 2233: 2226: 2219: 2212: 2205: 2198: 2191: 2184: 2177: 2170: 2163: 2155: 2152: 2151: 2144: 2143: 2136: 2129: 2121: 2115: 2114: 2109:978-0199252985 2108: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2084: 2054: 2022: 1992: 1982: 1980:, p. 196. 1970: 1958: 1939: 1932: 1905: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1898: 1897: 1890: 1887: 1873: 1866: 1865: 1854: 1847: 1846: 1835: 1828: 1827: 1816: 1809: 1808: 1807: 1795: 1788: 1787: 1772: 1765: 1764: 1753: 1746: 1745: 1734: 1727: 1726: 1713:Georges Danton 1711: 1704: 1703: 1702: 1698: 1697: 1696: 1695: 1655:Main article: 1652: 1649: 1641:hyperinflation 1606:Main article: 1603: 1600: 1534: 1533: 1531: 1530: 1523: 1516: 1508: 1505: 1504: 1476: 1475: 1473: 1472: 1467: 1462: 1461: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1440: 1435: 1434: 1433: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1392: 1389: 1388: 1384: 1383: 1378: 1377: 1371: 1369:Fifth Republic 1365: 1364: 1361: 1355: 1354: 1351: 1345: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1338: 1333: 1327: 1324: 1323: 1320: 1313: 1312: 1309: 1302: 1301: 1298: 1296:Third Republic 1290: 1285: 1284: 1281: 1280: 1275: 1274: 1271: 1264: 1263: 1260: 1258:Third Republic 1254: 1253: 1250: 1244: 1243: 1240: 1234: 1233: 1230: 1224: 1223: 1220: 1214: 1213: 1210: 1204: 1203: 1200: 1198:First Republic 1194: 1193: 1190: 1184: 1183: 1180: 1172: 1167: 1166: 1163: 1162: 1157: 1156: 1153: 1147: 1146: 1143: 1137: 1136: 1133: 1120: 1115: 1114: 1111: 1110: 1105: 1104: 1101: 1094: 1093: 1090: 1083: 1082: 1079: 1073: 1072: 1069: 1062: 1061: 1058: 1052: 1051: 1048: 1042: 1041: 1038: 1025: 1020: 1019: 1016: 1015: 1010: 1009: 1008:50 BC – 486 AD 1006: 1000: 999: 996: 990: 989: 988:600 BC – 49 BC 986: 984:Greek colonies 980: 979: 976: 968: 963: 962: 959: 958: 952: 951: 943: 942: 933: 932: 925: 908:Main article: 905: 902: 843:Main article: 840: 837: 774:historiography 762:First Republic 752: 751: 748: 747: 744: 743: 736: 727: 724: 723: 718: 710: 709: 704: 696: 695: 690: 678: 677: 672: 662: 661: 648: 644: 643: 640: 639: 636: 630: 627: 626: 623: 616: 613: 612: 609: 602: 599: 598: 595: 589: 586: 585: 582: 576: 573: 572: 569: 563: 560: 559: 556: 550: 547: 546: 543: 537: 534: 533: 530: 524: 521: 520: 517: 511: 508: 507: 504: 498: 495: 494: 491: 490: 488: 487: 482: 476: 474: 473:Historical era 470: 469: 466: 465: 453: 450: 447: 446: 441: 438: 435: 434: 429: 426: 423: 422: 419: 418: 415: 411: 410: 408: 407: 394: 383: 366: 364: 358: 357: 352: 346: 345: 343: 342: 323: 316: 309: 305:Cult of Reason 302: 294: 292: 288: 287: 285: 284: 263: 256: 254: 250: 249: 244: 241: 237: 236: 230: 222: 221: 218: 217: 207: 205: 199: 196: 194: 186: 185: 129: 109: 108: 93: 92: 85: 78: 77: 71: 64: 63: 62: 59: 58: 54: 53: 38: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6531: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6441: 6439: 6432: 6429: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6377: 6372: 6369: 6368: 6364: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6262: 6260: 6258: 6254: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6231: 6228: 6227: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6175:Birth control 6173: 6171: 6168: 6167: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6155: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6073: 6070: 6069: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6054: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6042: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6001: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5979: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5961: 5958: 5957: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5950:Constitutions 5948: 5947: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5935: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5876: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5864: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5813: 5812: 5809: 5805: 5802: 5801: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5791: 5789: 5785: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5758: 5757: 5754: 5749: 5748: 5747:Années folles 5743: 5742: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5728: 5727: 5722: 5721: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5709:Second Empire 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5691: 5688: 5687:July Monarchy 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5674: 5672: 5670: 5666: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5641: 5639: 5635: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5588: 5587: 5586:Ancien Régime 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5566: 5564: 5562: 5558: 5550: 5547: 5546: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5533: 5530: 5529: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5519: 5517: 5515: 5511: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5486: 5484: 5482: 5478: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5463: 5461: 5457: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5407: 5405: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5392: 5388: 5385: 5378: 5373: 5371: 5366: 5364: 5359: 5358: 5355: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5303: 5302: 5301:Sans-culottes 5297: 5293: 5290: 5289: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5272:Metric system 5270: 5268: 5265: 5262: 5261: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5238: 5237: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5219: 5218: 5213: 5212: 5209: 5202: 5198: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5112: 5108: 5107: 5104: 5097: 5093: 5079: 5076: 5072: 5071:Panthéon Club 5069: 5067: 5064: 5063: 5062: 5059: 5058: 5056: 5052: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4960:Joachim Murat 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4892: 4890: 4886: 4883: 4879: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4779: 4777: 4775: 4774: 4768: 4764: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4737:Gilbert Romme 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4621: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4559:de Cambacérès 4557: 4555: 4552: 4551: 4549: 4547: 4543: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4478: 4476: 4475:Madame Roland 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4454: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4412:André Chénier 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4367:Grace Elliott 4365: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4358: 4352: 4347: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4302: 4300: 4298: 4294: 4287: 4283: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4260: 4258: 4256: 4251: 4245: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4225: 4223: 4221: 4216: 4210: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4196: 4195: 4193: 4191: 4186: 4180: 4174: 4171: 4170: 4168: 4166: 4161: 4155: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4128: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4118: 4112: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4054: 4052: 4046: 4044: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3992: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3977: 3967: 3964: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3955: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3928:Joseph Souham 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3887: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3871:Joachim Murat 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3851:André Masséna 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3668: 3666: 3664: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3650: 3644: 3637: 3633: 3622:(25 Jun 1802) 3620: 3617: 3614:(25 Mar 1802) 3612: 3609: 3608: 3606: 3602: 3593: 3590: 3587:(18 Mar 1801) 3585: 3582: 3577: 3574: 3573: 3571: 3569: 3565: 3556: 3553: 3548: 3545: 3542:(15 Jun 1800) 3540: 3537: 3534:(14 Jun 1800) 3532: 3529: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3520: 3511: 3508: 3505:(15 Aug 1799) 3503: 3500: 3495: 3492: 3487: 3484: 3479: 3476: 3471: 3468: 3465:(25 Mar 1799) 3463: 3460: 3455: 3452: 3447: 3446:Siege of Acre 3444: 3439: 3436: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3427: 3418: 3417:Peasants' War 3415: 3410: 3407: 3402: 3399: 3394: 3391: 3386: 3383: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3374: 3367:(17 Oct 1797) 3365: 3362: 3359:(18 Apr 1797) 3357: 3354: 3351:(17 Apr 1797) 3349: 3346: 3343:(25 Jan 1797) 3341: 3338: 3333: 3330: 3327:(13 Jan 1797) 3325: 3322: 3317: 3314: 3313: 3311: 3309: 3305: 3296: 3293: 3288: 3285: 3280: 3277: 3272: 3269: 3266:(26 Oct 1796) 3264: 3261: 3258:(19 Oct 1796) 3256: 3253: 3248: 3245: 3240: 3237: 3232: 3229: 3226:(24 Aug 1796) 3224: 3221: 3218:(11 Aug 1796) 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3203: 3200: 3195: 3192: 3187: 3184: 3183: 3181: 3179: 3175: 3169: 3166: 3161: 3158: 3157: 3155: 3153: 3149: 3140: 3137: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3121:(26 Jun 1794) 3119: 3116: 3111: 3108: 3105:(22 May 1794) 3103: 3100: 3097:(18 May 1794) 3095: 3092: 3086: 3083: 3080:(24 Apr 1794) 3078: 3075: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3066: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3046:(13 Oct 1793) 3044: 3041: 3036: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3026: 3023: 3021: 3018: 3016: 3013: 3011: 3008: 3006: 3003: 2998: 2995: 2992:(23 May 1793) 2990: 2987: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2963: 2955: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2907: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2890: 2883: 2879: 2869: 2866: 2863:(24 Dec 1799) 2861: 2858: 2853: 2850: 2847:(18 Jun 1799) 2845: 2842: 2841: 2839: 2835: 2828:(11 May 1798) 2826: 2823: 2822: 2820: 2816: 2807: 2804: 2799: 2796: 2795: 2793: 2789: 2780: 2777: 2772: 2769: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2756: 2752: 2749: 2746:(22 Aug 1795) 2744: 2741: 2736: 2733: 2732: 2730: 2726: 2719:(11 Nov 1794) 2717: 2714: 2709: 2706: 2703:(28 Jul 1794) 2700: 2697: 2694:(27 Jul 1794) 2692: 2689: 2686:(10 Jun 1794) 2684: 2681: 2676: 2672: 2669: 2668: 2666: 2662: 2653: 2650: 2647:(16 Oct 1793) 2645: 2642: 2639:(17 Sep 1793) 2637: 2634: 2629: 2628: 2624: 2621:(23 Aug 1793) 2619: 2616: 2613:(13 Jul 1793) 2611: 2608: 2603: 2600: 2596: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2587: 2583: 2580: 2575: 2572: 2569:(21 Jan 1793) 2567: 2564: 2563: 2561: 2557: 2550:(22 Sep 1792) 2548: 2545: 2540: 2537: 2532: 2529: 2526:(10 Aug 1792) 2524: 2521: 2516: 2513: 2510:(25 Jul 1792) 2508: 2505: 2502:(20 Apr 1792) 2500: 2497: 2496: 2494: 2490: 2481: 2478: 2473: 2470: 2467:(27 Aug 1791) 2465: 2462: 2459:(17 Jul 1791) 2457: 2454: 2449: 2446: 2445: 2443: 2439: 2432:(14 Jul 1790) 2430: 2429: 2425: 2422:(12 Jul 1790) 2420: 2417: 2414:(23 Jun 1790) 2412: 2408: 2403: 2400: 2399: 2397: 2393: 2384: 2381: 2376: 2373: 2370:(26 Aug 1789) 2368: 2365: 2360: 2357: 2352: 2349: 2346:(14 Jul 1789) 2344: 2341: 2336: 2333: 2330:(20 Jun 1789) 2328: 2325: 2320: 2317: 2314:(4 June 1789) 2312: 2309: 2304: 2301: 2298:(28 Apr 1789) 2296: 2293: 2288: 2287: 2283: 2282: 2280: 2276: 2269:(21 Jul 1788) 2267: 2264: 2259: 2256: 2255: 2253: 2249: 2242: 2238: 2232: 2231: 2227: 2225: 2224: 2220: 2218: 2217: 2213: 2211: 2210: 2206: 2204: 2203: 2199: 2197: 2196: 2192: 2190: 2189: 2185: 2183: 2182: 2178: 2176: 2175: 2174:Ancien Régime 2171: 2169: 2168: 2164: 2162: 2161: 2157: 2156: 2153: 2149: 2142: 2137: 2135: 2130: 2128: 2123: 2122: 2119: 2111: 2105: 2101: 2100: 2094: 2093: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2058: 2039: 2032: 2026: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1996: 1986: 1979: 1974: 1967: 1962: 1954: 1950: 1943: 1935: 1933:0-226-22482-1 1929: 1925: 1920: 1919: 1910: 1906: 1896: 1893: 1892: 1880: 1876: 1870: 1861: 1857: 1851: 1842: 1841:Thermidorians 1838: 1832: 1823: 1819: 1813: 1802: 1798: 1797:Lazare Carnot 1792: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1769: 1760: 1756: 1750: 1741: 1737: 1731: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1708: 1694: 1692: 1688: 1682: 1676: 1672: 1667: 1664: 1658: 1648: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1629: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1609: 1599: 1595: 1593: 1592: 1587: 1582: 1580: 1576: 1571: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1551: 1549: 1545: 1540: 1529: 1524: 1522: 1517: 1515: 1510: 1509: 1507: 1506: 1503: 1492: 1488: 1478: 1477: 1471: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1459: 1456: 1454: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1445: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1432: 1429: 1428: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1397: 1394: 1393: 1391: 1390: 1386: 1385: 1372: 1370: 1367: 1366: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1356: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1346: 1342: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1328: 1326: 1325: 1321: 1319: 1318:Années folles 1315: 1314: 1310: 1308: 1304: 1303: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1282: 1272: 1270: 1266: 1265: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1255: 1251: 1249: 1248:Second Empire 1246: 1245: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1235: 1231: 1229: 1228:July Monarchy 1226: 1225: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1215: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1205: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1195: 1191: 1189: 1186: 1185: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1164: 1154: 1152: 1151:Bourbon kings 1149: 1148: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1138: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1128: 1125: 1124: 1123:Ancien Régime 1118: 1113: 1112: 1102: 1100: 1096: 1095: 1091: 1089: 1085: 1084: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1074: 1070: 1068: 1064: 1063: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1053: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1043: 1039: 1036: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1017: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1001: 997: 995: 992: 991: 987: 985: 982: 981: 977: 975: 972: 971: 966: 961: 960: 957: 954: 953: 949: 945: 944: 941: 935: 934: 929: 924: 923: 916: 911: 901: 899: 893: 891: 887: 883: 878: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 846: 836: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 801: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 759: 737: 735: 732: 731: 728: 722: 719: 712: 711: 708: 705: 698: 697: 694: 691: 684: 683: 680: 679: 676: 673: 671: 668: 667: 663: 660: 656: 652: 649: 645: 641: 637: 634: 628: 624: 620: 614: 611:27 March 1802 610: 606: 600: 596: 593: 587: 583: 580: 574: 570: 567: 561: 557: 554: 548: 544: 541: 535: 531: 528: 522: 518: 515: 509: 505: 502: 496: 492: 486: 483: 481: 478: 477: 475: 471: 467: 462: 457: 454: 448: 445: 442: 436: 433: 430: 424: 420: 416: 412: 406: 402: 399: 395: 391: 388: 384: 381: 378: 377:authoritarian 375: 372: 368: 367: 365: 363: 359: 356: 353: 351: 347: 339: 335: 331: 327: 324: 320: 319:Decadary Cult 317: 313: 310: 306: 303: 299: 296: 295: 293: 289: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 264: 261: 258: 257: 255: 251: 248: 245: 238: 234: 228: 223: 214: 206: 198: 197: 192: 187: 121: 120: 114: 110: 104: 103: 98: 94: 88: 82: 74: 68: 60: 55: 49: 42: 33: 30: 19: 6401: 6280:Coat of arms 6270:Architecture 6242:Social class 6200:Homelessness 6185:Demographics 6139:Trade unions 6072:Central bank 6014:criminal law 5977:Human rights 5960:presidential 5804:Algerian War 5787:Contemporary 5761:Vichy France 5756:World War II 5726:Belle Époque 5659:First Empire 5653: 5561:Early Modern 5532:West Francia 5308:Phrygian cap 5253:Bastille Day 5167:Thomas Paine 5122:Edmund Burke 5117:Beaumarchais 5111:Les Lumières 5109: 4950:Joseph Fesch 4862:Pauline Léon 4832:Jacques Roux 4771: 4355: 3781:Lazare Hoche 3766:Paul Grenier 3736:Louis Desaix 3653: 3595:(8 Jul 1801) 3579:(9 Feb 1801) 3550:(3 Dec 1800) 3473:(5 Apr 1799) 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5395:History 5142:Diderot 4888:Figures 4773:Enragés 4479:Father 4190:Prussia 4122:Britain 4071:(Saxon) 4029:(Swiss) 3996:Austria 1677:by the 1566:and in 1560:Enragés 1458:Judaism 1396:Economy 1375:present 1071:843–987 1060:751–987 1050:481–751 1031:Francia 965:Ancient 859:Austria 855:Prussia 831:of the 807:of the 756:In the 633:emperor 617:•  603:•  590:•  577:•  564:•  551:•  538:•  525:•  512:•  499:•  374:radical 371:Unitary 338:Judaism 266:Occitan 240:Capital 115: " 113:Anthem: 6385:Portal 6285:Cinema 6265:Anthem 6237:Racism 6215:People 6109:Mining 6084:Energy 5919:Rivers 5884:Cities 5816:May 68 5387:topics 5384:France 4881:Others 4220:Russia 3654:France 3319:(1797) 3189:(1796) 2924:Vendée 2901:Verdun 2728:1795–6 2671:Danton 2230:Museum 2160:Causes 2106:  1930:  1491:· 1489:  1387:Topics 1099:Valois 1040:  978:  939:France 930:on the 819:, the 766:French 760:, the 721:Monaco 621:begin 417:  355:French 336:, and 282:Basque 278:Breton 270:German 260:French 211:  209:  201:  48:French 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Index

First French Republic
French
Flag of France
National flag from February 1794, in use at sea only
Coat of arms of the Republic of France
Coat of arms of the Republic
Liberté, égalité, fraternité
Chant de guerre pour l'Armée du Rhin

Sister republics
The French Republic in 1801, delineating departments
departments
Paris
French
Occitan
German
Dutch
Breton
Basque
Constitutional Church
Cult of Reason
Cult of the Supreme Being
Decadary Cult
Catholicism
Calvinism
Lutheranism
Judaism
Demonym(s)
French
Government

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