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The assault on Lüshunkou began after midnight on 21 November 1894. Under heavy fire, the
Japanese forces had stormed all of the important landward defenses by noon the following day. The shore fortifications held out a bit longer, but the final one fell to the Japanese by 1700 hours. During the night
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and elsewhere. The report was highly controversial, as other correspondents present initially denied that such events had occurred out of fear of the
Japanese. News of a massacre soon spread among the Western public, damaging Japan's public image and nearly torpedoing ongoing efforts by Japan to
979:
The speed of the
Japanese victory at Lüshunkou was regarded as a turning point in the war by contemporary Western observers and was a strong blow to the prestige of the Qing government. The Chinese government responded by denying that the naval base had fallen, and stripped Li Hongzhang of his
967:
When the
Japanese forces entered the city, they were fired upon from houses where Chinese soldiers had hidden themselves and had put on civilian dress so as to better blend in with the local population. The Japanese responded with a house-to-house search, killing many adult males who offered
959:
Skirmishing on the outskirts of Lüshunkou began on 20 November 1894, creating a panic among the defenders resulting in looting and destruction of property. Most of the Qing officers fled on two small boats which remained in port, leaving their men to their fate.
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of 22 November 1894, the surviving
Chinese defenders deserted their remaining positions, abandoning 57 large-caliber and 163 small-caliber artillery pieces. The fortifications, dockyards and a large supply of coal were captured largely intact by the Japanese.
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However, Japanese prestige over the victory was tempered by accounts of widespread massacre of the
Chinese inhabitants of the city by victorious Japanese troops, allegedly in response to the torture and murderous treatment the Chinese had shown Japanese
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with no resistance, as its defenders had fled to Lüshunkou the previous night. The intact capture of the dock facilities greatly facilitated
Japanese supply lines, as in their haste to depart, the defenders had even left behind plans to the
956:, struck rocks at the entrance of Weihaiwei harbor and had to be beached. As the only docks capable of making repairs were at Lüshunkou, this effectively put it out of commission for the remainder of the war.
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with very little resistance. The
Liaodong Peninsula narrowed to only a 2.5-mile (4 km) width just past Jinzhou, so with the town in Japan's hands, Lüshunkou became isolated from its landward approaches.
428:
613:, and its loss would mean that China would no longer have the capability to repair any ship damaged in combat. The location of Lüshunkou, at the entrance to the
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The forts and Land defenses in total should have had 22,000 soldiers instead of the 14,000 maximum stationed when the fighting reached the
Liaodong Peninsula.
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Jowett states that there were 220 fortress guns around
Lushunkou this would indicate that the Etse hill forts contained 57 guns of varying calibres.
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and details to the defenses of Lüshunkou. To make matters worse for the defenders of Lüshunkou, the Beiyang Fleet had received orders from Viceroy
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There also existed the Etse hill forts which were considered the strongest guarding Port Arthur but their contents and armaments are unknown.
597:, known in the West as "Port Arthur". This naval station had taken the Qing government sixteen years to build, and was considered superior to
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There were also over 50 guns and mortars of varying calibres, broadly 75-88mm of the positional and field types. This is in addition to 15
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the 5 forts/batteries had 8 240mm, 4 210mm, 6 150mm and 2 120mm guns all of the breechloading type with approximately 3,500 soldiers.
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Chinese casualties were officially estimated at 4000 killed. The Japanese loses were 29 men killed, and 233 wounded.
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divided into two groups, with one group marching north as a diversion to threaten the Qing ancestral capital of
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in its facilities. Defended by its hilly terrain and strengthened with fortifications and powerful
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The Japan-China War : on the regent's sword : Kinchow, Port Arthur, and Talienwan
898:, Liaoning Province, China) on 24 October 1894. On 6 November 1894 Nogi's forces took the
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At Port Arthur the Chinese defenses were considerably more extensive consisting of:
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Japan's First Modern War: Army and Society in the Conflict with China, 1894–1895
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The Chinese had prior to the war constructed considerable fortification on the
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At Jinzhou there were 4 240mm, 2 210mm and 2 150mm guns with 1,500 soldiers.
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The following day, on 7 November 1894 Nogi marched into the port town of
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Nisshin Sensō shashinzu: A photographic Album of the Japan-China War
561:. It is sometimes referred to archaically in western sources as the
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The Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895: Perception, Power, and Primacy
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The Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895: Perception, Power, and Primacy
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and modern equipment capable of repairing the warships of the
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1330:, 2003, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA, 412 pp.
842:. In addition 78 naval mines were present at Port Arthur
639:
Olender gives an alternate figure of 2,700 at Jinzhou.
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also meant that it controlled the sea approaches to
1265:, 1937, Little, Brown, and Company, Boston, 395 pp.
1198:China's Wars : Rousing the Dragon, 1894-1949
1361:
1041:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 197–213.
879:towards Lüshunkou. The Imperial Japanese Army's
914:Japanese soldiers scaling the walls of Jinzhou.
1304:, 1994, St. Martin's Press, New York, 222 pp.
1152:. Hampshire, England. pp. 214, 231, 237.
1009:. The event came to be popularly known as the
987:The Japanese 2nd army's attack upon Lushunkou.
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1284:China's Wars: Rousing the Dragon 1894-1949
1229:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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1126:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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589:, and subsequent minor engagements in the
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27:1894 battle of the First Sino-Japanese War
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565:(that name is now primarily used for the
91:Learn how and when to remove this message
1149:Sino-Japanese naval war : 1894-1895
1095:Sino-Japanese naval war : 1894-1895
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875:, and the other marching south down the
54:This article includes a list of general
1344:, 1974, Charterhouse, New York, 659 pp.
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533:. It took place on 21 November 1894 in
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939:rather than risk engagement with the
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1098:. Hampshire, England. p. 212.
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1310:Sino-Japanese Naval War 1894–1895
1269:Japan An Illustrated Encyclopedia
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894:landed at Pi-tse-wo (present day
30:Not to be confused with the 1904
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867:under the overall command of
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553:) between the forces of the
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529:) was a land battle of the
393:Battle of Lüshunkou (China)
10:
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1340:Warner, Dennis and Peggy.
1195:Jowett, Philip S. (2013).
947:of the Beiyang Fleet, the
883:, with Lieutenant General
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1286:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
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1248:Ogawa, Kazumasa (1894).
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1037:Paine, S. C. M. (2003).
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365:Location within Liaoning
1308:Olender, Piotr (2014).
1282:Jowett, Philip (2013).
1146:Olender, Piotr (2014).
1092:Olender, Piotr (2014).
1071:. Kelly and Walsh Ltd.
975:Aftermath of the battle
684:Other guns or features
531:First Sino-Japanese War
440:First Sino-Japanese War
113:First Sino-Japanese War
75:more precise citations.
1201:. Oxford. p. 43.
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941:Imperial Japanese Navy
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861:Imperial Japanese Army
742:4 12cm armstrong guns
625:Chinese fortifications
583:Battle of Jiuliancheng
243:Commanders and leaders
182:38.81667°N 121.23333°E
1355:Sino-Japanese War.com
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563:Battle of Port Arthur
320:Casualties and losses
32:Battle of Port Arthur
1395:November 1894 events
1011:Port Arthur massacre
881:Japanese Second Army
368:Show map of Liaoning
362:class=notpageimage|
36:Siege of Port Arthur
1342:The Tide At Sunrise
865:Japanese First Army
797:2 18cm 4 9cm siege
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518:Ryōjunkō-no-tatakai
506:Battle of Lüshunkou
187:38.81667; 121.23333
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106:Battle of Lüshunkou
18:Battle of Lushunkou
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877:Liaodong Peninsula
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591:Liaodong Peninsula
571:Russo-Japanese War
1405:History of Dalian
1370:Conflicts in 1894
1319:978-83-63678-30-2
1293:978-1-47280-673-4
1208:978-1-78200-407-3
1159:978-83-63678-51-7
1105:978-83-63678-51-7
980:official titles.
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185: /
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130:Ogata Gekkō
73:introducing
1364:Categories
1242:References
949:battleship
931:(based in
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869:Ōyama Iwao
855:The battle
838:and light
669:9cm field
657:Locations
587:Yalu River
577:Background
573:in 1904).
493:Pescadores
468:Yalu River
325:40 killed
256:Ōyama Iwao
237:Qing China
173:121°14′0″E
56:references
1400:Lüshunkou
1225:cite book
1217:828893085
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1114:889306207
1005:with the
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937:Weihaiwei
607:dry docks
603:artillery
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595:Lüshunkou
539:Manchuria
535:Lüshunkou
483:Weihaiwei
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463:Pyongyang
458:Seonghwan
329:7 missing
170:38°49′0″N
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153:Lüshunkou
953:Zhenyuan
945:flagship
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802:Total
644:Dalian
619:Peking
524:旅順口の戦い
512::
453:Pungdo
315:13,000
312:15,000
234:
221:
198:Result
58:, but
1255:(PDF)
1017:Notes
896:Pikou
885:Baron
551:China
514:旅順口之戰
1332:ISBN
1314:ISBN
1288:ISBN
1273:ISBN
1231:link
1213:OCLC
1203:ISBN
1182:link
1164:OCLC
1154:ISBN
1128:link
1110:OCLC
1100:ISBN
1073:ISBN
1043:ISBN
859:The
504:The
140:Date
34:and
996:at
902:of
863:'s
817:14
814:44
731:13
728:10
700:24
642:At
1366::
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1136:^
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1120:{{
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1013:.
826:7
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808:2
805:6
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778:3
767:1
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711:4
708:6
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633:.
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