88:
1530:
1541:, a Portuguese colonial army from Luanda was dispatched to conquer Kongo's rebel province of Soyo in June 1670. The Count of Soyo EstĂȘvĂŁo da Silva and his brother Prince Paulo da Silva moved with a force of BaKongo musketeers intermixed with heavy infantry holding the shields for which BaKongo soldiers were famous to meet the force.
1556:
inflicted many casualties on the Soyo army and forced them to retreat. Paulo da Silva was among the dead. Enthused by their victory, the
Portuguese captured the enemies' shields and marched further anticipating further combat at another location and hoping for a chance to show off their own talents
1520:
merchants willing to sell them guns and cannons plus diplomatic access to the Pope, Soyo was on its way to becoming as powerful as Kongo had been before Mbwila. Committing to the unthinkable, the weak central authority in Kongo asked Luanda to invade Soyo. In return, Portugal was promised money,
1515:
on the throne. By this time both the
Portuguese and the central authorities in Kongo were growing tired of Soyo's meddling. While the Kinlaza and others in Kongo lived in fear of a Soyo invasion, the governor of Luanda was afraid of the growing power of Soyo. With access to
1463:. The engagement was part of a military campaign to break the power of Soyo in the region. The Portuguese won a decisive victory, inflicting heavy casualties and killing the Soyon leader.
257:
1503:
Soyo, home to many
Kimpanzu partisans, was eager to take advantage of the chaos. Within a few months of the national tragedy at Mbwila, the Prince of Soyo invaded the capital of
106:
250:
185:
1544:
The armies met just north of the
Mbidizi River. The Portuguese were immediately successful, just as they had been in earlier engagements against Kongo at
243:
955:
1629:
Thornton, John K: "The
Kongolese Saint Anthonty: Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita and the Antonian Movement, 1684-1706", page 78. Cambridge University, 1998
1620:
Thornton, John K: "The
Kongolese Saint Anthonty: Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita and the Antonian Movement, 1684-1706", page 69. Cambridge University, 1998
893:
858:
748:
608:
1706:
768:
995:
1716:
1304:
1257:
1252:
1326:
950:
178:
1378:
458:
1045:
301:
1408:
1316:
171:
1711:
1393:
1155:
558:
478:
935:
1428:
358:
1220:
1095:
878:
306:
1237:
970:
813:
778:
738:
718:
373:
1433:
1321:
1085:
960:
798:
733:
658:
488:
321:
1331:
965:
408:
1299:
793:
743:
286:
1423:
1145:
1090:
758:
833:
1731:
1726:
1680:, Africa. Revista do centro de Estudos Africanos, USP S. Paulo, nos 18-19, 1995/1996, p. 159-199 p. 166
1215:
1140:
888:
723:
518:
508:
423:
1180:
1383:
1341:
1287:
1190:
1000:
808:
703:
593:
428:
393:
353:
1336:
224:
1272:
1242:
1150:
1080:
1025:
883:
848:
633:
583:
578:
548:
538:
448:
403:
378:
368:
336:
296:
1721:
1418:
1294:
1205:
1170:
1160:
1105:
1070:
1010:
945:
920:
828:
823:
818:
803:
783:
763:
713:
618:
613:
553:
533:
503:
493:
453:
341:
1492:
and most of the kingdom's nobility. Afterwards, Kongo erupted in a brutal civil war between the
1232:
1065:
1030:
1015:
925:
915:
868:
863:
698:
693:
673:
638:
568:
443:
311:
940:
1120:
1100:
1020:
985:
873:
843:
788:
708:
628:
543:
483:
291:
1512:
1489:
1346:
1351:
1165:
1130:
1075:
853:
773:
668:
513:
1641:
Gray, Richard: "Black
Christians & White Missionaries", page 38. Yale University, 1990
1565:
The
Portuguese advanced deeper into Kongo where they were met and defeated by Soyo at the
1115:
648:
8:
1175:
1110:
683:
563:
468:
383:
363:
1508:
1247:
1040:
1005:
898:
588:
573:
433:
331:
316:
1485:. The engagement resulted in a crushing Portuguese victory ending in the death of the
1593:
1583:
1566:
1538:
1521:
mineral concessions and the right to build a fortress in Soyo to keep out the Dutch.
1497:
1456:
1413:
1356:
1200:
1125:
1055:
688:
678:
643:
438:
398:
267:
219:
91:
1611:
Thornton, John K: "Warfare in
Atlantic Africa 1500-1800," 1999. Routledge. Page 103.
1689:
Thornton, John K: "Warfare in
Atlantic Africa 1500-1800", page 105. Routledge, 1999
1667:
Thornton, John K: "Warfare in Atlantic Africa 1500-1800", page 121. Routledge, 1999
1549:
1545:
1493:
1482:
1478:
1373:
1267:
1210:
1185:
1060:
1050:
990:
980:
930:
910:
623:
598:
523:
498:
388:
326:
209:
110:
1578:
1472:
1460:
1403:
1368:
1262:
1135:
1035:
975:
838:
663:
653:
528:
463:
413:
195:
28:
235:
1398:
1388:
728:
473:
1277:
1736:
1700:
1282:
753:
418:
1655:
Birmingham, David: "Portugal and Africa", page 61. Palgrave Macmillan, 1999
1517:
1504:
87:
1486:
1451:
was a military engagement in June 1670 between forces of the County of
603:
1553:
139:
163:
1511:
on the throne. This happened again in 1669 with the placement of
1466:
52:
1529:
81:
1533:
The Kingdom of Kongo showing major factions in the civil war
1663:
1661:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1588:
1452:
77:
1481:
clashed with their one-time allies the Portuguese at the
1658:
1644:
1678:
O rei D. Pedro IV Ne Nsamu a Mbemba. A unidade do Congo
1637:
1635:
1632:
265:
1698:
1496:, which had ruled under the dead king, and the
1288:Banda Oriental and Rio Grande do Sul (1762â63)
251:
179:
1467:Pre-battle situation and the Kongo Civil War
145:4 light cannons and a detachment of cavalry
258:
244:
186:
172:
1528:
1707:Battles involving the Kingdom of Kongo
1699:
239:
167:
1717:Battles involving Portuguese Angola
193:
155:Unknown but included Paulo Da Silva
13:
136:Unknown number of irregular bowmen
14:
1748:
119:Commander JoĂŁo Soares de Almeida
86:
1683:
1670:
1623:
1614:
1605:
1:
1599:
1537:Responding to a plea by King
1524:
269:Portuguese colonial campaigns
143:400-500 Portuguese musketeers
1560:
158:Unknown but reportedly light
138:Unknown number of auxiliary
129:Unknown number of musketeers
7:
1572:
1507:and installed his protégé,
1457:Portuguese colony of Angola
10:
1753:
1712:Battles involving Portugal
1470:
133:4 Dutch light field pieces
277:
205:
149:
131:heavy infantry and bowmen
123:
97:
71:
34:
26:
21:
1552:. The Portuguese use of
1327:Banda Oriental (1816â20)
1305:Banda Oriental (1776â77)
1258:Banda Oriental (1735â37)
1026:Cape of Good Hope (1630)
1449:Battle of Mbidizi River
1429:Guinea-Bissau (1963â74)
956:Coromandel Coast (1619)
22:Battle of Mbidizi River
1534:
1342:Mozambique (1847â1910)
961:Persian Gulf (1621â22)
859:Indian Ocean (1586â89)
609:Indian Ocean (1538â60)
409:Persian Gulf (1507â15)
374:Indian Ocean (1505â17)
103:Count EstĂȘvĂŁo Da Silva
98:Commanders and leaders
1532:
1221:East Africa (1696â98)
479:Sri Lanka (1520â1658)
150:Casualties and losses
1434:Mozambique (1964â74)
1399:Mozambique (1917-18)
1394:Mozambique (1917â18)
1379:East Timor (1911â12)
1317:French Guiana (1809)
1166:2nd Sri Lanka (1654)
1161:1st Sri Lanka (1654)
559:Moluccas (1530â1607)
1001:Persian Gulf (1625)
971:Persian Gulf (1622)
941:Persian Gulf (1614)
879:Sri Lanka (1587â88)
864:Persian Gulf (1586)
734:Sri Lanka (1557â58)
724:Gulf of Oman (1554)
709:Persian Gulf (1551)
574:Persian Gulf (1534)
554:Persian Gulf (1529)
1557:in swordsmanship.
1535:
1389:Angola (1914â1917)
1300:Angola (1774â1778)
1106:Malaysia (1640â41)
1046:East Africa (1632)
966:Trincomalee (1622)
936:Brazil (1612â1615)
644:East Africa (1542)
604:Brazil (1534â1536)
549:East Africa (1528)
464:East Africa (1517)
389:East Africa (1507)
369:East Africa (1505)
63:Portuguese victory
1732:Portuguese Angola
1727:Conflicts in 1670
1676:Fernando Campos,
1594:History of Angola
1584:Battle of Kitombo
1567:Battle of Kitombo
1498:House of Kimpanzu
1455:and those of the
1444:
1443:
1357:Mozambique (1895)
1352:Mozambique (1895)
1176:Malabar (1658â63)
1071:Gold Coast (1637)
1011:Gold Coast (1625)
899:India (1599â1600)
799:Chaul (1570â1571)
759:Gold Coast (1562)
679:Insulindia (1545)
529:Insulindia (1526)
524:Insulindia (1525)
519:Sumatra (1523â24)
494:Insulindia (1521)
354:India (1500â1513)
307:Morocco (1463â64)
233:
232:
162:
161:
92:Portuguese Empire
67:
66:
1744:
1690:
1687:
1681:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1656:
1653:
1642:
1639:
1630:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1612:
1609:
1494:House of Kinlaza
1483:Battle of Mbwila
1479:Kingdom of Kongo
1424:Angola (1961â74)
1419:Africa (1961â74)
1384:Angola (1914â15)
1369:Angola (1902â04)
1332:Brazil (1821â25)
1283:Brazil (1762â63)
1156:Brazil (1652â54)
1111:Angola (1641â48)
1061:Arabia (1633â43)
809:Mangalore (1571)
719:Arabia (1552â54)
272:
270:
260:
253:
246:
237:
236:
200:
198:
188:
181:
174:
165:
164:
115:
90:
36:
35:
19:
18:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1659:
1654:
1645:
1640:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1579:Kongo Civil War
1575:
1563:
1527:
1475:
1473:Kongo Civil War
1469:
1461:Kongo Civil War
1445:
1440:
1404:Timor (1942â43)
1322:China (1809â10)
1253:India (1729â32)
1121:India (1644â45)
1086:India (1638â39)
1016:Malaysia (1628)
946:Malaysia (1615)
926:Malaysia (1606)
921:Malaysia (1606)
874:Malaysia (1587)
869:Malaysia (1586)
829:Malaysia (1575)
824:Malaysia (1574)
819:Malaysia (1573)
814:India (1570â75)
794:Goa (1570â1571)
729:Pakistan (1557)
714:Malaysia (1551)
694:Malaysia (1547)
674:Malaysia (1543)
669:Ethiopia (1543)
664:Ethiopia (1542)
659:Ethiopia (1542)
654:Ethiopia (1542)
649:Ethiopia (1542)
639:Ethiopia (1542)
634:Ethiopia (1541)
599:Moluccas (1536)
594:Malaysia (1536)
589:Malaysia (1535)
579:Malaysia (1534)
514:Malaysia (1523)
474:Malaysia (1520)
429:Malaysia (1511)
273:
268:
266:
264:
234:
229:
201:
197:Kongo Civil War
196:
194:
192:
144:
142:
137:
132:
130:
111:
104:
55:
51:Mbidizi River,
29:Kongo Civil War
17:
12:
11:
5:
1750:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1722:1670 in Africa
1719:
1714:
1709:
1692:
1691:
1682:
1669:
1657:
1643:
1631:
1622:
1613:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1574:
1571:
1562:
1559:
1526:
1523:
1471:Main article:
1468:
1465:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1295:Morocco (1769)
1292:
1291:
1290:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1101:Morocco (1640)
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1021:Malacca (1629)
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
916:Sumatra (1606)
913:
907:
906:
902:
901:
896:
891:
889:Senegal (1589)
886:
884:Mombasa (1589)
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
834:Morocco (1578)
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
804:Honavar (1571)
801:
796:
791:
789:Sumatra (1569)
786:
784:Malacca (1568)
781:
776:
771:
769:Morocco (1564)
766:
764:Morocco (1562)
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
629:Red Sea (1541)
626:
624:Red Sea (1541)
621:
619:Red Sea (1541)
616:
614:Red Sea (1541)
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
569:Morocco (1533)
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
544:Sumatra (1528)
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
504:Sumatra (1522)
501:
496:
491:
489:Bahrain (1521)
486:
484:Sumatra (1521)
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
459:Morocco (1516)
456:
454:Morocco (1515)
451:
449:Morocco (1515)
446:
444:Morocco (1514)
441:
439:Morocco (1514)
436:
434:Morocco (1513)
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
399:Socotra (1507)
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
359:Algeria (1501)
356:
350:
349:
345:
344:
342:Morocco (1490)
339:
337:Morocco (1489)
334:
332:Morocco (1487)
329:
324:
322:Morocco (1471)
319:
317:Morocco (1471)
314:
312:Morocco (1468)
309:
304:
302:Morocco (1458)
299:
297:Morocco (1437)
294:
292:Morocco (1419)
289:
287:Morocco (1415)
283:
282:
278:
275:
274:
263:
262:
255:
248:
240:
231:
230:
228:
227:
222:
217:
212:
206:
203:
202:
191:
190:
183:
176:
168:
160:
159:
156:
152:
151:
147:
146:
134:
126:
125:
121:
120:
117:
107:Paulo Da Silva
100:
99:
95:
94:
84:
74:
73:
69:
68:
65:
64:
61:
57:
56:
50:
48:
44:
43:
40:
32:
31:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1749:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1695:
1686:
1679:
1673:
1664:
1662:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1638:
1636:
1626:
1617:
1608:
1604:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1570:
1568:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1540:
1531:
1522:
1519:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1474:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1374:Angola (1907)
1372:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1278:Brazil (1756)
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1248:Angola (1723)
1246:
1244:
1243:Brazil (1711)
1241:
1239:
1238:Brazil (1710)
1236:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1211:Angola (1681)
1209:
1207:
1206:Angola (1671)
1204:
1202:
1201:Angola (1670)
1199:
1197:
1196:Angola (1670)
1194:
1192:
1191:Brazil (1666)
1189:
1187:
1186:Angola (1665)
1184:
1182:
1181:MargĂŁo (1659)
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1171:Mannar (1658)
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1151:Arabia (1650)
1149:
1147:
1146:Brazil (1649)
1144:
1142:
1141:Brazil (1648)
1139:
1137:
1136:Angola (1647)
1134:
1132:
1131:Brazil (1645)
1129:
1127:
1126:Brazil (1645)
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1116:Brazil (1641)
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1096:Brazil (1640)
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1081:Brazil (1638)
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1066:Brazil (1636)
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1056:Arabia (1633)
1054:
1052:
1051:Bengal (1632)
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1041:Brazil (1631)
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1031:Brazil (1630)
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1006:Brazil (1625)
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
996:Angola (1624)
994:
992:
991:Brazil (1624)
989:
987:
986:Angola (1623)
984:
982:
981:Angola (1622)
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
951:Jaffna (1619)
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
908:
904:
903:
900:
897:
895:
894:Jaffna (1591)
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
854:Angola (1583)
852:
850:
849:Arabia (1581)
847:
845:
842:
840:
839:Angola (1580)
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
779:Brazil (1567)
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
749:Jaffna (1560)
747:
745:
742:
740:
739:Brazil (1558)
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
704:Arabia (1548)
702:
700:
699:Arabia (1548)
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
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612:
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582:
580:
577:
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572:
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562:
560:
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547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
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512:
510:
509:Arabia (1523)
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
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328:
327:Guinea (1478)
325:
323:
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261:
256:
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226:
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218:
216:
215:Mbidizi River
213:
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199:
189:
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177:
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96:
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62:
59:
58:
54:
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45:
41:
38:
37:
33:
30:
25:
20:
1694:
1685:
1677:
1672:
1625:
1616:
1607:
1564:
1543:
1536:
1505:SĂŁo Salvador
1502:
1477:In 1665 the
1476:
1448:
1446:
1414:India (1961)
1409:India (1954)
1363:20th century
1347:China (1849)
1337:China (1846)
1311:19th century
1273:India (1752)
1268:India (1746)
1263:India (1746)
1233:India (1704)
1227:18th century
1216:India (1693)
1195:
1091:India (1639)
1076:India (1638)
1036:Jambi (1630)
976:China (1622)
931:India (1612)
905:17th century
844:India (1581)
774:Japan (1565)
754:Japan (1561)
744:India (1559)
689:India (1547)
684:India (1546)
584:Tunis (1535)
564:India (1531)
534:India (1526)
499:China (1521)
424:India (1510)
419:India (1509)
414:India (1508)
394:India (1507)
384:India (1506)
379:India (1506)
364:India (1504)
348:16th century
281:15th century
225:SĂŁo Salvador
214:
112:
72:Belligerents
27:Part of the
1459:during the
911:Java (1601)
539:Java (1527)
16:1670 battle
1701:Categories
1600:References
1525:Engagement
1487:Mwenekongo
469:Goa (1517)
1561:Aftermath
1554:grapeshot
1513:Ălvaro IX
1509:Afonso II
1490:AntĂłnio I
140:Imbangala
42:June 1670
1573:See also
1539:Rafael I
124:Strength
47:Location
220:Kitombo
113:†
105:Prince
1550:Mbumbi
1546:Mbwila
210:Mbwila
109:
60:Result
53:Angola
1518:Dutch
82:Ngoyo
1737:Soyo
1589:Soyo
1548:and
1453:Soyo
1447:The
80:and
78:Soyo
39:Date
1703::
1660:^
1646:^
1634:^
1569:.
1500:.
259:e
252:t
245:v
187:e
180:t
173:v
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