Portuguese Empire - Knowledge

5154: 5573: 4213: 4570: 14486: 3758: 3900: 5585: 3808: 3827: 6314: 3533: 3060: 5025: 6354: 4333: 3585: 6298: 5062: 71: 3704: 12393: 5382: 6096: 5487: 6397: 55: 5900: 6374: 5251: 3996: 4947: 5108: 3912: 5542:, leaders proposed a society without slavery, food prices would be lowered, and trade restriction abolished. Impoverished social conditions and a high cost of living were among reasons of the revolt. Authorities diffused the plot before major action began; they executed four of the conspirators and exiled several others to the Atlantic Coast of Africa. Several more smaller-scale slave rebellions and revolts would occur from 1801 and 1816 and fears within Brazil were that these events would lead to a 4652: 1004: 5679: 5271: 3567:. While following the same south-westerly route as Gama across the Atlantic Ocean, Cabral made landfall on the Brazilian coast. This was probably an accidental discovery, but it has been speculated that the Portuguese secretly knew of Brazil's existence and that it lay on their side of the Tordesillas line. Cabral recommended to the Portuguese King that the land be settled, and two follow up voyages were sent in 1501 and 1503. The land was found to be abundant in 3843: 3254: 3146: 3433:, stone crosses engraved with the Portuguese coat of arms marking their claims, and built forts and trading posts. From these bases, they engaged profitably in the slave and gold trades. Portugal enjoyed a virtual monopoly on the African seaborne slave trade for over a century, importing around 800 slaves annually. Most were brought to the Portuguese capital Lisbon, where it is estimated black Africans came to constitute 10 percent of the population. 1433: 15067: 3442: 4077: 3392: 5263:

Madeira, and the Azores. All correspondence concerning overseas possessions were funneled through the council. When the Portuguese court fled to Brazil in 1807, following the Napoleonic invasion of Iberia, Brazil was removed from the jurisdiction of the council. It made recommendations concerning personnel for the administrative, fiscal, and military, as well as bishops of overseas dioceses. A distinguished seventeenth-century member was

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Pombal, and he made provisions to improve each. Although he failed to spike the gold revenue, two short-term companies he established for the plantation economy drove a significant increase in production of cotton, rice, cacao, tobacco, and sugar. Slave labor increased as well as involvement from the textile economy. The economic development as a whole was inspired by elements of the

5809:, in northern Mozambique, the territory having been subjugated by Germany. In 1916, after Portugal interned German ships in Lisbon, Germany declared war on Portugal. Portugal followed suit, thus entering World War I. Early in the war, Portugal was involved mainly in supplying the Allies positioned in France. In 1916, there was only one attack on the Portuguese territory, in 5724: 5413:", with a large influx of migrants. The village became the new economic center of the empire, with rapid settlement and some conflicts. This gold cycle led to the creation of an internal market and attracted a large number of immigrants. By 1739, at the apex of the mining boom, the population of Minas Gerais was somewhere between 200,000 and 250,000. 6160:, which when combined total 10,742,000 km, or 7.2% of the Earth's landmass (148 939 063 km). As at 2023, there are 32 associate observers of the CPLP, reflecting the global reach and influence of Portugal's former empire. Moreover, twelve candidate countries or regions have applied for membership to the CPLP and are awaiting approval. 5138:– 8 February 1611), formerly the Dutch secretary of the Archbishop of Goa, had acquired information while serving in that position that contained the location of secret Portuguese trade routes throughout Asia, including those to the East Indies and Japan. It was published in 1595 and then greatly expanded the next year as his 5951:. The existence of the remaining Portuguese colonies in India became increasingly untenable and Nehru enjoyed the support of almost all the Indian domestic political parties as well as the Soviet Union and its allies. In 1961, shortly after an uprising against the Portuguese in Angola, Nehru ordered the Indian Army into 5979:

According to one historian, Portuguese rulers were unwilling to meet the demands of their colonial subjects (unlike other European powers) in part because Portuguese elites believed that "Portugal lacked the means to conduct a successful "exit strategy" (akin to the "neocolonial" approach followed by

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The outbreak of violence in February 1961 in Angola was the beginning of the end of Portugal's empire in Africa. Portuguese army officers in Angola held the view that it would be incapable of dealing militarily with an outbreak of guerilla warfare and therefore that negotiations should begin with the

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In spite of the conspiracies, the rule of Portugal in Brazil was not under serious threat. Historian A. R. Disney states that the colonists did not until the transferring of the Kingdom in 1808 assert influence of policy changing due to direct contact, and historian Gabriel Paquette mentions that the

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had success against Bahadur, the latter signed another treaty with the Portuguese to confirm the provisions and allowed the fort to be built in Diu. Shortly afterward, Humayun turned his attention elsewhere, and the Gujarats allied with the Ottomans to regain control of Diu and lay siege to the fort.

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was to build settlements, grant allotments and administer justice, being responsible for developing and taking the costs of colonization, although not being the owner: he could transmit it to offspring, but not sell it. Twelve recipients came from Portuguese gentry who become prominent in Africa and

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incited poor relations with China due to his pirate activities, raiding Chinese shipping, attacking a Chinese official, and kidnappings of Chinese. He based himself at Tamao island in a fort. The Chinese claimed that Simão kidnapped Chinese boys and girls to be molested and cannibalized. The Chinese

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The completion of these negotiations with Spain is one of several reasons proposed by historians for why it took nine years for the Portuguese to follow up on Dias's voyage to the Cape of Good Hope, though it has also been speculated that other voyages were in fact taking place in secret during this

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Throughout 1917 Portugal dispatched contingents of troops to the Allied front in France. Midway in the year, Portugal suffered its first World War I casualty. In Portuguese Africa, Portugal and the British fought numerous battles against the Germans in both Mozambique and Angola. Later in the year,

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Gold discovered in Mato Grosso and Goiás sparked an interest to solidify the western borders of the colony. In the 1730s contact with Spanish outposts occurred more frequently, and the Spanish threatened to launch a military expedition in order to remove them. This failed to happen and by the 1750s

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began. Even before the war's final resolution, the crown established the Overseas Council, conceived in 1642 on the short-lived model of the Council of India (1604–1614), and established in 1643, it was the governing body for most of the Portuguese overseas empire. The exceptions were North Africa,

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was discovered by Vasco da Gama. In contrast to Almeida, Albuquerque was more concerned with strengthening the navy, as well as being more compliant with the interests of the kingdom. His first objective was to conquer Goa, due to its strategic location as a defensive fort positioned between Kerala

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Soon its ships were bringing into the European market highly valued gold, ivory, pepper, cotton, sugar, and slaves. The slave trade, for example, was conducted by a few dozen merchants in Lisbon. In the process of expanding the trade routes, Portuguese navigators mapped unknown parts of Africa, and

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The Tordesillas boundary between Spanish and Portuguese control in South America was then increasingly ignored by the Portuguese, who pressed beyond it into the heart of Brazil, allowing them to expand the territory to the west. Exploratory missions were carried out both ordered by the government,

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was discovered by Cunha whilst possibly being accompanied by Albuquerque. After the capture of Socotra, Cunha and Albuquerque operated separately. While Cunha traveled India and Portugal for trading purposes, Albuquerque went to India to take over as governor after Almeida's three-year term ended.

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Today, Portuguese is one of the world's major languages, ranked sixth overall with approximately 240 million speakers around the globe. It is the third most spoken language in the Americas, mainly due to Brazil, although there are also significant communities of Lusophones in nations such as

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within the 'Minas' group had a reputation to have been experts in extrapolating gold in their native regions, and became the preferred group. In spite of the high death rate associated with the slaves involved in the mining industry, the owners that allowed slaves that extracted above the minimum

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created in the latter. The crown also restricted the diamond mining within its jurisdiction and to private contractors. In spite of gold galvanizing global trade, the plantation industry became the leading export for Brazil during this period; sugar constituted at 50% of the exports (with gold at

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harbour among other reasons. In the same year, Manuel I ordered Almeida to fortify the Portuguese fortresses in Kerala and within eastern Africa, as well as probe into the prospects of building forts in Sri Lanka and Malacca in response to growing hostilities with Muslims within those regions and

2846:. With its smaller population, Portugal found itself unable to effectively defend its overstretched network of trading posts, and the empire began a long and gradual decline. Eventually, Brazil became the most valuable colony of the second era of empire (1663–1825), until, as part of the wave of 5518:

population by encouraging intermarriage between them and the white population. Indigenous freedom decreased in contrast to its period under the Jesuits, and the response to intermarriage was lukewarm at best. The crown's revenue from gold declined and plantation revenue increased by the time of

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intercontinental trade had a substantial and increasingly positive impact on economic growth. In the heyday of colonial expansion, eliminating the economic links to empire would have reduced Portugal's per capita income by roughly a fifth. While the empire helped the domestic economy it was not

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to return the enclaves, viewing them as integral parts of Portugal. The following year, the Portuguese constitution was amended to change the status of the colonies to overseas provinces. In 1954, a local uprising resulted in the overthrow of the Portuguese authorities in the Indian enclave of

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The Tamoio had been allied with the French since the settlement of France Antarctique, and despite the French loss in 1560, the Tamoio were still a threat. They launched two attacks in 1561 and 1564 (the latter event was assisting the French), and were nearly successful with each. By this time

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sent a squadron of junks against Portuguese caravels that succeeded in driving the Portuguese away and reclaiming Tamao. As a result, the Chinese posted an edict banning men with Caucasian features from entering Canton, killing multiple Portuguese there, and driving the Portuguese back to sea.

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to South-east Asia, seeking an agreement with the Sultan of Malacca, and Jorge de Aguiar followed by Duarte de Lemos were sent to the area between the Cape of Good Hope and Gujarat. However, such posts were centralized by Afonso de Albuquerque after his succession and remained so in subsequent

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interfered with the process with denunciations, and later sent a Kongo mission to Ndongo after the latter had arrested the Portuguese mission that came. The growing official and unofficial slave trading with Ndongo strained relations between Kongo and the Portuguese, and even had Portuguese

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was a military success, and marked one of the first steps in Portuguese expansion beyond the Iberian Peninsula, but it proved costly to defend against the Muslim forces that soon besieged it. The Portuguese were unable to use it as a base for further expansion into the hinterland, and the

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Spanish imperial trade networks now were opened to Portuguese merchants, which was particularly lucrative for Portuguese slave traders who could now sell slaves in Spanish America at a higher price than could be fetched in Brazil. In addition to this newly acquired access to the Spanish

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was also incorporated into the Macau-Nagasaki trading network, allowing Macanese of Portuguese descent to act as trading agents for Philippine Spaniards and use Spanish silver from the Americas in trade with China, and they later drew competition with the Dutch East India Company.

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the British, the French, or the Belgians)" and in part due to the lack of "a free and open debate on the costs of upholding an empire against the anti-colonial consensus that had prevailed in the United Nations since the early 1960s". The rise of Soviet influence among the

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Free from threats to its existence and unchallenged by the wars fought by other European states, Portuguese attention turned overseas and towards a military expedition to the Muslim lands of North Africa. There were several probable motives for their first attack, on the

6079:, the Portuguese transfer to China was met with less resistance than that of Britain regarding Hong Kong, as Portugal had already recognized Macau as Chinese territory under Portuguese administration in 1979. Under the transfer agreement, Macau is to be governed under a 5702:

and all but a few bases in Asia. During this phase, Portuguese colonialism focused on expanding its outposts in Africa into nation-sized territories to compete with other European powers there. Portugal pressed into the hinterland of Angola and Mozambique, and explorers

5834:. As autumn approached, Germany found success in both Portuguese Africa and against Portuguese vessels, sinking multiple ships. After nearly three years of fighting (from a Portuguese perspective), World War I ended, with an armistice being signed by Germany. At the 4707:

to serve as a base for cod fishing. Pressure from natives and competing European fisheries prevented a permanent establishment and it was abandoned five years later. Several attempts to establish settlements in Newfoundland over the next half-century also failed.

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in 1576 and soon became a slave port. De Novais' subsequent alliance with Ndongo angered Luso-Africans who resented the influence from the Crown. In 1579, Ndongo ruler Ngola Kiluanje kia Ndamdi massacred Portuguese and Kongolese residents in the Ndongo capital

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In 1914, the German Empire formulated plans to usurp Angola from Portuguese control. Skirmishes between Portuguese and German soldiers ensued, resulting in reinforcements being sent from the mainland. The main objective of these soldiers was to recapture the

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and never returned to Brazil. The French attacks did cease to an extent after retaliation led to the Portuguese paying the French to stop attacking Portuguese ships throughout the Atlantic, but the attacks would continue to be a problem well into the 1560s.

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also created instabilities among Portuguese overseas populations, as the United States and Soviet Union vied to increase their spheres of influence. Following the granting of independence to India by Britain in 1947, and the decision by France to allow its

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After the Sultan of Bintan detained several Portuguese under Tomás Pires, the Chinese then executed 23 Portuguese and threw the rest into prison where they resided in squalid, sometimes fatal conditions. The Chinese then massacred Portuguese who resided at

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led by Rodrigo de Lima in 1520. This coincided with the Portuguese search for Prester John, as they soon associated the kingdom as his land. The fear of Turkish advances within the Portuguese and Ethiopian sectors also played a role in their alliance. The

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along the coasts of Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia. This commercial network and the colonial trade had a substantial positive impact on Portuguese economic growth (1500–1800) when it accounted for about a fifth of Portugal's per-capita income.

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Jorge Alvares was the first European to reach China by sea, while the Romans were the first overland via Asia Minor. He was also the first European to discover Hong Kong. In 1514, Afonso de Albuquerque, the Viceroy of the Estado da India, dispatched

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by this period. However, they soon began to shield Chinese junks and a cautious trade began. In 1557 the Chinese authorities allowed the Portuguese to settle in Macau, creating a warehouse in the trade of goods between China, Japan, Goa and Europe.

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and formally annexed the following year. Salazar refused to recognize the transfer of sovereignty, believing the territories to be merely occupied. The Province of Goa continued to be represented in the Portuguese National Assembly until 1974.

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independence movements. However, Salazar publicly stated his determination to keep the empire intact, and by the end of the year, 50,000 troops had been stationed there. The same year, the tiny Portuguese fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá in

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made its way to India, exploring trade opportunities with the Indians and Arabs, and winding up finally in Ethiopia. His detailed report was eagerly read in Lisbon, which became the best-informed center for global geography and trade routes.

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Guarding its trade from both European and Asian competitors, Portugal dominated not only the trade between Asia and Europe, but also much of the trade between different regions of Asia and Africa, such as India, Indonesia, China, and Japan.

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warrior-slaves, these men acted as feudal-like lords, either levying tax from local chieftains, defending them and their estates from marauding tribes, participating in the ivory or slave trade, and becoming involved in the politics of the

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entered Portuguese waters again and once more attacked Madeira, sinking multiple Portuguese ships. Through the beginning of 1918, Portugal continued to fight along the Allied front against Germany, including participation in the infamous

6297: 5356:, Goa. They belonged to the noble Pinto clan, hence the name of the rebellion. This was fought due to the Portuguese refusing to create bishops and other officials from the colonies and demanded equality. The family was one of the first 3308:, the accessibility of Madeira attracted Genoese and Flemish traders keen to bypass Venetian monopolies. Slaves were used, and the proportion of imported slaves in Madeira reached 10% of the total population by the 16th century. By 1480 3965:(as it was recaptured on her feast day), and attempted to build rapport with the Hindus by protecting their temples and reducing their tax requirements. The Portuguese maintained friendly relations with the south Indian Emperors of the 3573:, or brazilwood, from which it later inherited its name, but the failure to find gold or silver meant that for the time being Portuguese efforts were concentrated on India. In 1502, to enforce its trade monopoly over a wide area of the 5326:

and several minor bases in India, and managed to regain territories in Brazil and Africa, but lost forever to prominence in Asia as trade was diverted through increasing numbers of English, Dutch and French trading posts. In 1787, in

5433:(immigrants from Portugal and other regions in Brazil), so a whole set of bureaucratic controls began in 1710 with the captaincy of São Paulo and Minas Gerais. By 1718, São Paulo and Minas Gerais became two captaincies, with eight 6117:

Macau was returned to China on 20 December 1999, under the terms of an agreement negotiated between People's Republic of China and Portugal twelve years earlier. Nevertheless, the Portuguese language remains co-official with

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had some seventy ships engaged in the Madeira sugar trade, with the refining and distribution concentrated in Antwerp. By the 1490s Madeira had overtaken Cyprus as a producer of sugar. The success of sugar merchants such as

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Upon de Sousa's arrival and success, fifteen latitudinal tracts, theoretically to span from the coast to the Tordesillas limit, were decreed by João III on 28 September 1532. The plot of the lands formed as a hereditary

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put an end to Ottoman ambitions, confirming the Portuguese hegemony in the region, as well as gaining superiority over the Mughals. However, the Ottomans fought off attacks from the Portuguese in the Red Sea and in the

3807: 2834:, although the realms continued to have separate administrations. As the King of Spain was also King of Portugal, Portuguese colonies became the subject of attacks by three rival European powers hostile to Spain: the 6035:

promptly broke out, with incoming communist governments formed by the former rebels (and backed by the Soviet Union, Cuba, and other communist countries) fighting against insurgent groups supported by nations like

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to England as part of a dowry, and over the next hundred years the English gradually became the dominant trader in India, gradually excluding the trade of other powers. In 1668 Spain recognized the end of the

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in the mid-15th century, a ship that could be sailed closer to the wind than any other in operation in Europe at the time. Using this new maritime technology, Portuguese navigators reached ever more southerly

5619:), and the capital was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro, the only instance of a European country being ruled from one of its colonies. There was also the election of Brazilian representatives to the 4898:, took part as members of attacks on the Tamoios and as spies for their resources. From 1565 through 1567 Mem de Sá and his forces eventually destroyed France Antarctique at Guanabara Bay. He and his nephew, 4803:. The rise of the sugar industry came about because the Crown took the easiest sources of profit (brazilwood, spices, etc.), leaving settlers to come up with new revenue sources. The establishment of the 5424:

The gold rush considerably increased the revenue of the Portuguese crown, who charged a fifth of all the ore mined, or the "fifth". Diversion and smuggling were frequent, along with altercations between

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against Islam; to the military class, it promised glory on the battlefield and the spoils of war; and finally, it was also a chance to expand Portuguese trade and to address Portugal's economic decline.

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in 1567, after Mem de Sá proclaimed the area "São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro" in 1565. By 1575, the Tamoios had been subdued and essentially were extinct, and by 1580 the government became more of an

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Along with Almeida's initial attempts, Manuel I and his council in Lisbon had tried to distribute power in the Indian Ocean, creating three areas of jurisdiction: Albuquerque was sent to the Red Sea,

6004:) – was to end the wars and negotiate Portuguese withdrawal from its African colonies. These events prompted a mass exodus of Portuguese citizens from Portugal's African territories (mostly from 6353: 4392:. In a shifting series of alliances, the Portuguese dominated much of the southern Persian Gulf for the next hundred years. With the regular maritime route linking Lisbon to Goa since 1497, the 4176:

Despite initial harmony and excitement between the two cultures, difficulties began to arise shortly afterwards, including misunderstanding, bigotry, and even hostility. The Portuguese explorer

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in 1999. The empire began in the 15th century, and from the early 16th century it stretched across the globe, with bases in Africa, North America, South America, and various regions of Asia and

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system ineffective, João III decided to centralize the government of the colony in order to "give help and assistance" to grantees. In 1548 he created the first General Government, sending in

5021:". These expeditions lasted for years venturing into unmapped regions, initially to capture natives and force them into slavery, and later focusing on finding gold, silver and diamond mines. 3984:

traded there. Albuquerque targeted Malacca to impede the Muslim and Venetian influence in the spice trade and increase that of Lisbon. By July 1511, Albuquerque had captured Malacca and sent

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the Church of England was a " state church " in the colonies the way it indisputably was in England, and as the Roman Catholic Church was in the neighboring Spanish and Portuguese empires.

3218:, Henry's brother and by then regent of the Kingdom, granted him the monopoly of navigation, war and trade in the lands south of Cape Bojador. Later this monopoly would be enforced by the 9739: 5735:, was the main objective of Portuguese policy in the 1880s. However, the idea was unacceptable to the British, who had their own aspirations of contiguous British territory running from 3126:

on the African coast. Henry wished to know how far the Muslim territories in Africa extended, and whether it was possible to reach Asia by sea, both to reach the source of the lucrative

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attacked and conquered regions of Kongo in 1568, Portuguese assisted Kongo in their defeat. In response, the Kongo allowed the colonization of Luanda Island; Luanda was established by

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Although Ceuta proved to be a disappointment for the Portuguese, the decision was taken to hold it while exploring along the Atlantic African coast. A key supporter of this policy was

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Although the royal family returned to Portugal in 1821, the interlude led to a growing desire for independence amongst Brazilians. In 1822, the son of Dom João VI, then prince-regent

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under the influence of Portuguese renegades. Both the Portuguese and Kongo fought against Ndongo, and off-and-on warfare between the Ndongo and Portugal would persist for decades.

3919:("State of India"), with its capital in Goa, included possessions (as subjected areas with a certain degree of autonomy) in all the Asian sub-continents, East Africa, and Pacific. 3551:

left Portugal in 1497, rounded the Cape and continued along the coast of East Africa, where a local pilot was brought on board who guided them across the Indian Ocean, reaching

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and the north Atlantic coast of Canada, which accounts for the appearance of "Labrador" on topographical maps of the period. Subsequently, in 1500–1501 and 1502, the brothers

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in 1541, and in the northern region of the Persian Gulf in 1546 and 1552. Each entity ultimately had to respect the sphere of influence of the other, albeit unofficially.

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in order to ensure the protection of this trade, which was held again as a royal monopoly. The equator was crossed by navigators sponsored by Fernão Gomes in 1473 and the

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were captured. During these battles the Ming Chinese captured weapons from the defeated Portuguese which they then reverse engineered and mass-produced in China such as

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threats in Brazil were largely unrealized in Portugal until 1808 because of effective policing and espionage. More revolts would occur after the arrival of the court.

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According to economic historians, Portugal's colonial trade had a substantial positive impact on Portuguese economic growth, 1500–1800. Leonor Costa et al. conclude:

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trading posts in 1545 and 1549, due to extensive and damaging raids by the Portuguese along the coast, which irritated the Chinese. Portuguese pirating was second to

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with Portuguese soldiers and muskets. Though the Ottomans responded with support of soldiers and muskets to the Adal Sultanate, after the death of the Adali sultan

17694: 5988:(1961–1974), in which Portugal resisted to the emerging nationalist guerrilla movements in some of its African territories, eventually led to the collapse of the 5258:

The loss of colonies was one of the reasons that contributed to the end of the personal union with Spain. In 1640 John IV was proclaimed King of Portugal and the

4256:. With the Portuguese already established in nearby Ternate, conflict was inevitable, leading to nearly a decade of skirmishes. A resolution was reached with the 3980:, the largest spice market of the period. Though the trade was largely dominated by the Gujarati, other groups such as the Turks, Persians, Armenians, Tamils and 3079:, a strategically located North African Muslim enclave along the Mediterranean Sea, and one of the terminal ports of the trans-Saharan gold and slave trades. The 6450: 1488: 9781: 5514:, which led to the dissolution of the order in the region by 1759. Pombal wished to improve the status of the natives by declaring them free and increasing the 5506:, which reported directly to the Crown in Lisbon. The 18th century was marked by increasing centralization of royal power throughout the Portuguese empire. The 17704: 6239: 5538:, was hanged. Among the conspiracies led by the African population was the Bahian revolt in 1798, led primarily by João de Deus do Nascimento. Inspired by the 3695:

came to the attention of Portuguese officials soon after for their resistance to missionary activities as well as logistical reasons due to its proximity with

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in Lisbon seeing to his interests. Philip even had the capital moved to Lisbon for a two-year period (1581–83) due to it being the most important city in the

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policy, in which it will retain a high degree of autonomy and maintain its capitalist way of life for at least 50 years after the handover, until 2049. The

5100:(nearly half the size of English Treasury at the time). This foretaste of the riches of the East galvanized English interest in the region. That same year, 14336: 12134: 2775:

the coast of Africa and the Atlantic archipelagos in 1418–1419, using recent developments in navigation, cartography, and maritime technology such as the

17699: 14966: 14678: 6440: 5612: 5567: 5611:, ordered the transfer of the royal court to Brazil. In 1815 Brazil was elevated to the status of Kingdom, the Portuguese state officially becoming the 4546:

In east-Africa, the main agents acting on behalf of the Portuguese Crown, exploring and settling the territory of what would become Mozambique were the

14713: 3233:(1455), granting Portugal the trade monopoly for the newly discovered lands. A major advance that accelerated this project was the introduction of the 1481: 1128: 5774:. Two years later, on October 5, 1910, he was overthrown and fled into exile in England in Fulwell Park, Twickenham near London and Portugal became a 4993:. At Tomar, Philip promised to keep the empires legally distinct, leaving the administration of the Portuguese Empire to Portuguese nationals, with a 2183: 7591: 5469:

killed between 40,000 and 60,000 people out of a population of 275,000. This sharply checked Portuguese colonial ambitions in the late 18th century.

70: 4691:, and Greenland, claiming these lands for Portugal. In 1506, King Manuel I created taxes for the cod fisheries in Newfoundland waters. Around 1521, 17654: 14646: 9062: 3332:. Gomes, who had to explore 100 miles (160 km) of the coast each year for five years, discovered the islands of the Gulf of Guinea, including 2121: 2086: 1981: 1846: 5058:, leading Philip II to prohibit commerce with Dutch ships, including in Brazil where Dutch had invested large sums in financing sugar production. 4177: 3769:

Although requested by Manuel I to further explore interests in Malacca and Sri Lanka, Almeida instead focused on western India, in particular the

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and his brother Pero Lopes went to patrol the whole Brazilian coast, banish the French, and create some of the first colonial towns – among them

4207: 3875: 12088:: history of the Portuguese and the Dutch in Ceylon, India, Malacca, Bengal, Formosa, Africa, Brazil. Language Heritage, lists of remains, maps. 4212: 1996: 9842:"Joint declaration of the Government of the People's Republic of China and The Government of the Republic of Portugal on the question of Macao" 9759: 9713: 5572: 5442: 3511: 2223: 298: 15904: 7023: 5441:

Africans became the largest group of people in Minas Gerais. Slaves labeled as 'Minas' and 'Angolas' rose in high demand during the boom. The

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in mainland Europe. However, the diminished influence from states such as the United Kingdom increased the Kingdom's dependence upon Brazil.

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playing a large role in Minas Gerais, the number of them that received marginalization was greater there than in any other region in Brazil.

4874:, and slave forces from France Antarctique, but left survivors after burning their fortifications and villages. These survivors would settle 3103: 1461: 5046:, countries which were beginning to establish their own overseas empires. The primary threat came from the Dutch, who had been engaged in a 17724: 12392: 5813:. In 1917, one of the actions taken by Portugal was to assist Britain in its timber industry, imperative to the war effort. Along with the 248: 5177:

in the war. The Dutch attained victories in Asia and Africa with assistance of various indigenous allies, eventually wrenching control of

5028: 3210:, and whether it was possible to return once it was passed, were assuaged in 1434 when it was rounded by one of Infante Henry's captains, 17684: 17047: 11718: 10091: 5076:, the Portuguese were able to solve their bullion shortage issues with access to the production of the silver mining in Peru and Mexico. 10855: 10442:

Christian-Muslim Relations. a Bibliographical History.: Volume 7. Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and South America (1500–1600)

10038: 5142:. Dutch and English interests used this new information, leading to their commercial expansion, including the foundation of the English 4007:

The Malacca peninsula became the strategic base for Portuguese trade expansion with China and Southeast Asia. A strong gate, called the

17644: 14425: 6304: 6157: 6107: 6064: 5563: 4667:, the Portuguese Crown, under the kings Manuel I, John III and Sebastian, also claimed territorial rights in North America (reached by 3273:, off the coast of Mauritania, to attract Muslim traders and monopolize the business in the routes travelled in North Africa. In 1446, 2983: 2952: 2532: 2485: 2480: 1205: 1025: 12686: 12092:"The Present State of the West-Indies: Containing an Accurate Description of What Parts Are Possessed by the Several Powers in Europe" 10188: 4569: 2924: 917: 17714: 17669: 14786: 10482: 10372: 10146: 5976:) that had gained its independence from France. Unrest spread from Angola to Guinea, which rebelled in 1963, and Mozambique in 1964. 4716:

Within a few years after Cabral arrived from Brazil, competition came along from France. In 1503, an expedition under the command of

2554: 2178: 1336: 9997: 4982:

in 1578. At the Cortes of Tomar in 1581, Philip was crowned Philip I of Portugal, uniting the two crowns and overseas empires under

17679: 17649: 17639: 15480: 14329: 12127: 7674: 6288: 5673: 3494:

time. Whether or not this was the case, the long-standing Portuguese goal of finding a sea route to Asia was finally achieved in a

2606: 1696: 833: 12782: 12732: 5755: 5477:

sufficient to annul the tendency towards decline in relation to Europe's advanced core which set in from the 17th century onwards.

4552:, to whom vast estates around the Zambezi River were leased by the King as a reward for their services. Commanding vast armies of 17614: 14521: 14272: 10440: 9819: 6200: 5526:

Encouraged by the example of the United States of America, which had won its independence from Britain, the colonial province of

5130:

The Dutch eventually realized the importance of Goa in breaking up the Portuguese empire in Asia. In 1583, merchant and explorer

4641: 3486:, or 970 miles (1,560 km), west of the Cape Verde islands. However, as it was not possible at the time to correctly measure 14485: 14158: 10537: 9868: 7543: 5232:. In Ethiopia and Japan in the 1630s, the ousting of missionaries by local leaders severed influence in the respective regions. 17709: 15450: 14753: 8627: 6208: 6057: 4240:

arrived in the region and claimed the Philippines for Spain. In 1525, Spain under Charles V sent an expedition to colonize the

4019:(modern Thailand), where he was the first European to arrive, establishing amicable relations and trade between both kingdoms. 11778: 11400: 8889: 7797: 6192: 3031:. After establishing itself as a separate kingdom in 1139, Portugal completed its reconquest of Moorish territory by reaching 2721: 16857: 16239: 15215: 14168: 14068: 11942: 11923: 11902: 11874: 11851: 11830: 11619: 11452: 11431: 11366: 11324: 11297: 11276: 11255: 11169: 11031: 10905: 10798: 10735: 10628: 10556: 10492: 10429: 10361: 10342: 10247: 10219: 10177: 10075: 9652: 9401: 9175: 8803: 8769: 8265: 8153: 7988: 7682: 7476: 7449: 7422: 7395: 7361: 7325: 6700: 6396: 6153: 4748: 3474:, which he believed to be Asia, led to disputes between the Spanish and the Portuguese. These were eventually settled by the 2273: 1539: 11479: 10274: 8680: 15153: 15112: 14901: 14400: 14380: 7799:

The Voyage of Don Stefano de Gama from Goa to Suez, in 1540, with the intention of Burning the Turkish Galleys at that port

7564: 6228: 5935:

to be incorporated into the newly independent nation, pressure was placed on Portugal to do the same. This was resisted by

4147: 3757: 2636: 2544: 16763: 9610: 17719: 17674: 17562: 15266: 15210: 14981: 14956: 14916: 14322: 13335: 12120: 10767: 9777: 8922: 6287:

In light of its international importance, Portugal and Brazil are leading a movement to include Portuguese as one of the

6053: 5791: 5669: 5450:. Those that became free partook in artisan jobs such as cobblers, tailors, and blacksmiths. In spite of free blacks and 5245: 5241: 5228:, would result in a draw. They would continue to use Muscat as a base for repetitive incursions within the Indian Ocean, 4039: 3899: 3886: 3495: 3093: 3008: 2948: 2621: 2383: 1215: 1200: 1178: 1135: 229: 9926: 6044:

also declared independence in 1975 by making an exodus of many Portuguese refugees to Portugal, which was also known as

5584: 4866:

as new Brazilian governor general, and Sá left for Brazil in 1557. By 1560, Sá and his forces had expelled the combined

3344:(the mine), where he established a trading post. Trade between Elmina and Portugal grew throughout a decade. During the 1320: 1233: 17416: 16909: 15909: 15506: 15284: 14799: 14738: 14262: 11788: 11767: 11746: 11536: 11503: 11389: 11234: 11190: 11127: 10968: 10777: 10756: 10693: 10666: 10647: 10450: 10321: 10156: 10135: 8932: 8899: 6430: 6084: 5890: 5335:, also known as the Pinto Revolt, known in Portuguese as A Conjuração dos Pintos occured, this was a rebellion against 4842:, the latter which Nóbrega co-founded. Along with the Jesuit missions later came disease among the natives, among them 4800: 4011:, was erected to defend the city and remains. Learning of Siamese ambitions over Malacca, Albuquerque immediately sent 2960: 2858: 2745: 1796: 1716: 1326: 777: 428: 6021: 5173:, which would last for over sixty years (1602–1663). Other European nations, such as Protestant England, assisted the 2806:

Over the following decades, Portuguese sailors continued to explore the coasts and islands of East Asia, establishing

2163: 15553: 14748: 14723: 13848: 12029: 11997: 11963: 11809: 11701: 11680: 11640: 11598: 11576: 11557: 11473: 11410: 11345: 11213: 11148: 11106: 11085: 11054: 11010: 10989: 10947: 10926: 10881: 10849: 10828: 10714: 10607: 10583: 10513: 10471: 10408: 10382: 10300: 10268: 10198: 9733: 8991: 8067: 8042: 8008: 7579: 6165: 6146: 6049: 5085: 4967: 4260:

in 1529, attributing the Moluccas to Portugal and the Philippines to Spain. The Portuguese traded regularly with the

4096:

In their first attempts at obtaining trading posts by force, the Portuguese were defeated by the Ming Chinese at the

3943: 2807: 2656: 1454: 484: 60: 10531:

Imperial Culture and Colonial Projects: The Portuguese-Speaking World from the Fifteenth to the Eighteenth Centuries

5534:

failed, its leaders were arrested, and of the participants in the insurrections, the one of lowest social position,

1596: 1307: 17547: 17142: 14405: 14267: 14178: 9845: 7514: 6420: 4941: 4609: 2823: 2448: 2323: 2106: 1544: 1155: 54: 9477:

Vincent-Smith, J. D. (Sep 1974). "The Anglo-German Negotiations over the Portuguese Colonies in Africa, 1911–14".

5638:. Unlike the Spanish colonies of South America, Brazil's independence was achieved without significant bloodshed. 17664: 17572: 17175: 17040: 16535: 15122: 14613: 14455: 14257: 12080: 12046: 10148:

Ethiopia and the Red Sea: The Rise and Decline of the Solomonic Dynasty and Muslim European Rivalry in the Region

6307:; member states (blue), associate observers (green), and officially-interested countries & territories (gold) 6009: 4807:

industry demanded intensive labor that would be met with Native American and, later, African slaves. Deeming the

3754:

Almeida refused to turn over power and soon placed Albuquerque under house arrest, where he remained until 1509.

3663:

of Portuguese India, establishing the Portuguese government in the east. That year the Portuguese also conquered

3345: 2772: 2465: 2198: 2041: 2006: 1971: 1951: 1611: 1381: 1268: 15697: 14127: 9063:

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/pinto-revolt-murals-to-adorn-candolim-road/articleshow/56129402.cms

5981: 3842: 3214:. Once this psychological barrier had been crossed, it became easier to probe further along the coast. In 1443, 17359: 17192: 17130: 15294: 14816: 12100: 10748:

The Asian Mediterranean: Port Cities and Trading Networks in China, Japan and Southeast Asia, 13th–21st Century

10549:

An Earth-colored Sea: Race, Culture And The Politics Of Identity In The Post-colonial Portuguese-speaking World

9894: 7781: 6138: 6111: 6072: 6067:

with the People's Republic of China to establish the process and conditions for the transfer of sovereignty of

5754:

The King's reaction to the ultimatum was exploited by republicans. On February 1, 1908, King Carlos and Prince

5111: 4281: 3395: 3257:

Map of Western Africa by Lázaro Luis (1563). The large castle in West Africa represents the São Jorge da Mina (

3215: 2971: 2967: 2847: 2661: 2549: 2313: 2188: 2026: 1966: 1896: 1726: 1559: 1423: 1400: 763: 187: 14633: 6216: 5936: 5915: 5013:

of France in exchange for the promise to cede Brazil. Spanish forces eventually captured the islands in 1583.

2893: 17567: 17476: 16973: 15168: 15127: 15092: 14779: 14081: 14042: 12070: 10575: 6636:, p. 56: Henry, a product of 15th-century Portugal, was inspired by both religious and economic factors. 6402: 6087:

on December 20, 1999, officially marked the end of the Portuguese Empire and the end of colonialism in Asia.

5960: 4656: 4313: 4151: 3894: 3709: 2559: 2193: 1646: 1365: 1344: 15001: 9961: 5858: 3333: 1255: 819: 17634: 16968: 16852: 15475: 15318: 15256: 15042: 15037: 14733: 14500: 14055: 14029: 5835: 5683: 5254:

Flag of Portugal (1667–1706). From the 15th–19th centuries the Portuguese flags all looked similar to this.

5115: 4721: 3615:) and a trading post that was the first European settlement in India. They established a trading center at 2839: 2527: 2021: 1976: 1524: 1447: 1385: 1369: 1282: 1110: 1080: 983: 7595: 7304:

Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania by Barbara A. West. Infobase Publishing, 2009. p. 800

5838:, Portugal regained control of all its lost territory, but did not retain possession (by the principle of 5104:

was sent by Dutch merchants to Lisbon, to gather as much information as he could about the Spice Islands.

4771:(Capitanias Hereditárias) to grantees rich enough to support settlement, as had been done successfully in 4739:

to press an effort to establish effective occupation of the territory. In 1531, a royal expedition led by

4377: 3631:) city in (1503) in 1502, which became the centre of trade in pepper, and after founding manufactories at 3134:

that was rumoured to exist somewhere in the "Indies". Under his sponsorship, soon the Atlantic islands of

17526: 17521: 17137: 16978: 16015: 15460: 15188: 15102: 14996: 14911: 14896: 14683: 12060: 8735: 6099: 6005: 5795: 5225: 5158: 4830:, at the Bay of All Saints in 1549. Among de Sousa's 1000 man expedition were soldiers, workers, and six 4249: 3962: 3527: 3523: 3084:

trans-Saharan caravans merely shifted their routes to bypass Ceuta and/or used alternative Muslim ports.

2651: 2373: 2318: 1250: 1105: 1073: 861: 145: 110: 14395: 7491:

Hong Kong & Macau 14 By Andrew Stone, Piera Chen, Chung Wah Chow Lonely Planet, 2010. pp. 20–21

4975: 3320:

In 1469, after prince Henry's death and as a result of meagre returns of the African explorations, King

2061: 17624: 17582: 17577: 17033: 15117: 15087: 14971: 14941: 14430: 14420: 14305: 14298: 11915:

Exiles, Allies, Rebels: Brazil's Indianist Movement, Indigenist Politics, and the Imperial Nation-State

5624: 5259: 5131: 4935: 4692: 4507: 4273: 4059: 3890: 3778: 3532: 2443: 2368: 2116: 1956: 1756: 1746: 1661: 1185: 1030: 350: 9051: 8718: 5006: 4672: 4221: 2408: 17659: 17619: 17552: 17306: 17267: 16936: 16084: 15648: 15107: 15047: 15021: 14991: 14986: 14470: 14465: 5926:, decolonization movements began to gain momentum in the empires of the European powers. The ensuing 5787: 5119: 5042:

However, the union meant that Spain dragged Portugal into its conflicts with England, France and the

4838:. The Jesuits would have an essential role in the colonization of Brazil, including São Vicente, and 4724:

traded for brazilwood after making contact in southern Brazil a year later. Expeditions sponsored by

4688: 4373: 4344:

The Portuguese empire expanded into the Persian Gulf, contesting control of the spice trade with the

4143: 3961:

in India in 1510. He encouraged Portuguese settlers to marry local women, built a church in honor of

2611: 2569: 2515: 2418: 2228: 2036: 1936: 1831: 1666: 1631: 1591: 1389: 1331: 1240: 1220: 4875: 3957:, on November 25 of the same year it was recaptured. In Goa, Albuquerque began the first Portuguese 2564: 16894: 16869: 16719: 16378: 16373: 15390: 15355: 15335: 15193: 15158: 14906: 14772: 10897:

Africa and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History: A Multidisciplinary Encyclopedia, Volume 2

9528: 7015: 6080: 6060:

resulted in a majority of East Timorese choosing independence, which was finally achieved in 2002.

5997: 5799: 5704: 5332: 5221: 5170: 4879: 4420: 4229: 4139: 3519: 3352:

fleet attempted to wrest control of this lucrative trade, but were decisively defeated in the 1478

2944: 2500: 2470: 2378: 2308: 2253: 2111: 2076: 1871: 1821: 1816: 1786: 1776: 1686: 1641: 1616: 1606: 1574: 1534: 1377: 1035: 735: 337: 14568: 9368: 5763: 5531: 5364:

by the Portuguese crown and two brothers were granted a coat of arms in 1770, and included in the

4003:' in the Age of Discovery. Afonso de Albuquerque's strategy to encircle the Indian Ocean is shown. 3059: 17629: 17557: 17215: 16961: 16842: 16383: 16336: 16279: 15978: 15922: 15670: 15418: 15365: 15340: 15246: 15205: 15198: 15011: 14743: 10727:

Africa and the World: An Introduction to the History of Sub-Saharan Africa from Antiquity to 1840

10463:

Convicts and Orphans: Forced and State-Sponsored Colonization in the Portuguese Empire, 1550–1755

10034: 6184: 6016:. Portugal's new ruling authorities also recognized Goa and other Portuguese India's territories 5985: 5940: 5882: 5814: 5634:, proclaimed the independence of Brazil on September 7, 1822, and was crowned Emperor of the new 5201: 5169:

The Dutch took their fight overseas, attacking Spanish and Portuguese colonies and beginning the

5096:, which was loaded with 900 tons of merchandise from India and China estimated at half a million 5089: 5024: 4485:

After a series of prolonged contacts with Ethiopia, the Portuguese embassy made contact with the

4416: 4397: 4353: 4277: 3797: 3789:. In retaliation, the Portuguese fought and destroyed the Mamluks and Gujarati fleets in the sea 2987: 2932: 2646: 2522: 2433: 2423: 2398: 2388: 2333: 2298: 2238: 2173: 2148: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2031: 2011: 1991: 1946: 1856: 1851: 1791: 1771: 1741: 1731: 1691: 1579: 1294: 402: 363: 14360: 11989: 11801:

Goa Through the Ages: An Economic History, Issue 6 of Goa University publication series Volume 2

10685: 9039: 6141:

that remain politically linked to Portugal. Although Portugal began the process of decolonizing

5389:

Thus, throughout the century, Brazil gained increasing importance to the empire, which exported

3745:, they instead followed a strategy intended to close off commerce to and from the Indian Ocean. 3564: 2796: 17381: 17210: 16983: 16884: 16879: 16567: 16515: 16435: 16368: 16272: 16257: 16150: 15917: 15871: 15712: 15599: 15445: 15173: 15006: 14951: 14946: 14926: 14668: 14628: 14450: 14390: 14137: 13582: 13228: 11528: 11421: 6465: 5989: 5972:, a remnant of the West African slave trade, was annexed by the new government of Dahomey (now 5948: 5744: 5623:(Portuguese Constitutional Courts), the Parliament that assembled in Lisbon in the wake of the 5588: 5559: 5462: 5032: 4740: 4616:, and it became the major trading port in Japan in the triangular trade with China and Europe. 4503: 4495: 3813: 3604:, the Portuguese were well-received and seen as allies, as they obtained a permit to build the 3097: 2903:

made some ill-fated attempts to cling on to its last remaining colonies. Under the ideology of

2897: 2882: 2854: 2843: 2733: 2460: 2293: 2258: 2243: 2153: 2143: 2096: 2091: 1931: 1926: 1876: 1806: 1681: 1549: 1288: 1195: 1145: 376: 11892: 11820: 11442: 11356: 11316: 11224: 11159: 11138: 11117: 11096: 11065:

The Decolonization of Portuguese Africa: Metropolitan Revolution and the Dissolution of Empire

11000: 10979: 10937: 10916: 10788: 10746: 10725: 10311: 10095: 10061: 8981: 8761: 8760:(4th ed.). Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. p. 7351: 4744: 4601: 4525:

and its ruler Ngola Kiljuane in 1520, after the latter requested missionaries. Kongolese king

4469: 3786: 3672: 3584: 3563:) in south-western India in May 1498. The second voyage to India was dispatched in 1500 under 2168: 17461: 17326: 16914: 16874: 16687: 16562: 15626: 15616: 15575: 15546: 15440: 15370: 15345: 15304: 15220: 15178: 15163: 15075: 15052: 14931: 14728: 14475: 14385: 13936: 12555: 12512: 12442: 11913: 11757: 11737:

Sovereignty and Society in Colonial Brazil: The High Court of Bahia and Its Judges, 1609–1751

11651: 11609: 11287: 11266: 11180: 11075: 11021: 10958: 10839: 10597: 10503: 10461: 10030: 9642: 9391: 7771: 6475: 6470: 5817:, Portuguese personnel established logging infrastructure in an area now referred to as the " 5771: 5647: 5319: 4971: 4768: 4729: 4664: 4412: 4245: 3904: 3867: 3726: 3475: 3462: 3446: 3314: 2835: 2348: 2328: 2248: 2213: 2101: 2071: 2016: 1941: 1866: 1781: 1721: 1529: 1407: 1373: 1245: 176: 16802: 14314: 11799: 11515:(1953). Asia and Western dominance, 1498–1945, by K.M. Panikkar. London: G. Allen and Unwin. 11496:

Imperial Portugal in the Age of Atlantic Revolutions: The Luso-Brazilian World, c. 1770–1850

10704: 9725: 9165: 8793: 6224: 6145:

in 1975, during 1999–2002 was sometimes considered Portugal's last remaining colony, as the

4732:. By 1531, the French had stationed a trading post off of an island on the Brazilian coast. 3833: 2574: 17516: 17511: 17451: 17386: 17291: 17007: 16837: 16807: 16682: 16613: 16584: 16503: 15837: 15675: 15665: 15465: 15375: 15141: 15016: 13706: 13241: 12453: 9200:"The great escape? The contribution of the empire to Portugal's economic growth, 1500–1800" 7592:"When Portugal Ruled the Seas | History & Archaeology | Smithsonian Magazine" 6460: 6032: 5993: 5886: 5818: 5748: 5695: 5520: 5146:

in 1600, and the Dutch East India Company in 1602. These developments allowed the entry of

5061: 4931: 4700: 4593: 4589: 4577: 4535: 4511: 4424: 4393: 4332: 4322: 4154:

and rented Macau as a trading post from China by paying annual lease of hundreds of silver

4109: 3790: 3770: 3762: 3656: 3652: 3601: 3467: 3419: 3321: 3247: 3194: 2940: 2579: 2393: 2358: 2303: 2081: 2001: 1906: 1751: 1314: 1165: 1115: 1050: 694: 652: 415: 16787: 11182:

Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the Western Hemisphere (2 Volumes)

8035:

Possessed by the Virgin: Hinduism, Roman Catholicism, and Marian Possession in South India

5186: 4835: 4400:

and a hospital. In the Azores, the Islands Armada protected the ships en route to Lisbon.

4372:

Albuquerque's expedition in that same year and another attempt by Albuquerque's successor

3376:, with which it soon developed a rapport. During his 1485–86 expedition, Cão continued to 3361: 3356:, which firmly established an exclusive Portuguese control. In 1481, the recently crowned 2795:

reached India. In 1500, either by an accidental landfall or by the crown's secret design,

2343: 1886: 8: 17481: 17411: 17354: 17271: 17097: 16699: 16579: 16545: 16447: 16267: 16262: 16074: 15793: 15729: 15604: 15589: 15499: 15410: 15385: 15360: 15299: 15274: 15234: 14891: 14885: 14807: 14718: 14708: 14663: 14593: 14578: 14375: 14346: 14104: 13726: 10659:

History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire Volume 2, Portugal: From Beginnings to 1807

10640:

History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire Volume 1, Portugal: From Beginnings to 1807

9921: 8652: 6379: 6262: 5708: 5608: 5600: 5365: 5311: 5229: 5147: 5101: 5010: 4927: 4776: 4725: 4530:

ambassadors from Sao Tome support Ndongo against the Kingdom of Kongo. However, when the

4499: 4453: 4449: 4337: 4071: 4067: 3966: 3450: 3385: 3357: 3340:

gold trade among the natives and visiting Arab and Berber traders at the port then named

3115: 3068: 3014: 2920: 2904: 2870: 2862: 2764: 2729: 2692: 2680: 2403: 2338: 1916: 1801: 1706: 1621: 1601: 1360: 992: 680: 470: 100: 36: 16415: 16405: 14618: 12065: 12008: 11611:

Slavery in the United States: A Social, Political, and Historical Encyclopedia: Volume 2

11523:

Merchants and Rulers in Gujarat: The Response to the Portuguese in the Sixteenth Century

9362: 8003:

Yosaburō Takekoshi, "The Economic Aspects of the History of the Civilization of Japan",

5381: 4895: 4443:

and passing through Bassein to pay duties and allow the horse trade. After Mughal ruler

4423:

with the Portuguese, establishing an alliance to regain the country, giving in exchange

4031: 3989: 3722: 3703: 3274: 3040: 2970:, both had overwhelmingly Portuguese populations, and Lisbon subsequently changed their 2725: 260: 17587: 17491: 17275: 17227: 17222: 17125: 17115: 17072: 17064: 16812: 16792: 16775: 16726: 16591: 16400: 16351: 16284: 16202: 16143: 16138: 16133: 16089: 16059: 15951: 15849: 15717: 15692: 15428: 15423: 15350: 15279: 15261: 14874: 14563: 14510: 14415: 13637: 12218: 11982: 11735: 11521: 11202: 10678: 10397: 9510: 9502: 7977: 6480: 6455: 6425: 6188: 5596: 5543: 5291: 5178: 5143: 4963: 4955: 4899: 4855: 4820: 4704: 4573: 4305: 4257: 4237: 4090: 3981: 3947: 3871: 3581:

licensing system, granting merchant ships protection against pirates and rival states.

3142:(1427) were reached and started to be settled, producing wheat for export to Portugal. 2979: 2819: 2475: 2268: 2233: 2126: 1826: 1811: 1671: 1569: 1554: 1412: 1100: 1055: 1020: 568: 526: 164: 14603: 10871: 9815: 5322:

and at the end of confrontations with the Dutch, Portugal was only able to cling onto

5065:

Dutch and English warships engaging a Portuguese galleon at the Battle of Cadis, 1608.

5017:

the "entradas" (entries), and by private initiative, the "bandeiras" (flags), by the "

17466: 17441: 17421: 17391: 17281: 17263: 17232: 17165: 17082: 17056: 16817: 16753: 16748: 16677: 16574: 16289: 16217: 16212: 16054: 15983: 15966: 15961: 15956: 15756: 15707: 15515: 15470: 15455: 15400: 15380: 15330: 15251: 15097: 14703: 14673: 14623: 14515: 14365: 13523: 12806: 12799: 12753: 12628: 12522: 12264: 12205: 12025: 11993: 11959: 11938: 11919: 11898: 11870: 11863: 11847: 11826: 11805: 11784: 11763: 11742: 11697: 11676: 11657: 11636: 11615: 11594: 11572: 11553: 11532: 11499: 11469: 11465:

Colonialism: An International, Social, Cultural, and Political Encyclopedia, Volume 2

11448: 11427: 11406: 11385: 11378: 11362: 11341: 11320: 11309: 11293: 11272: 11251: 11230: 11209: 11186: 11165: 11144: 11123: 11102: 11081: 11050: 11043: 11027: 11006: 10985: 10964: 10943: 10922: 10901: 10877: 10845: 10824: 10817: 10794: 10773: 10752: 10731: 10710: 10689: 10662: 10643: 10624: 10603: 10593: 10579: 10568: 10552: 10509: 10488: 10467: 10446: 10425: 10404: 10378: 10357: 10338: 10317: 10296: 10264: 10243: 10215: 10194: 10173: 10152: 10131: 10071: 9865: 9729: 9648: 9514: 9494: 9397: 9171: 9035: 8987: 8928: 8895: 8799: 8765: 8754: 8672: 8261: 8063: 8038: 8004: 7984: 7777: 7678: 7575: 7535: 7472: 7445: 7418: 7391: 7357: 7321: 6236: 6119: 6076: 6028: 5894: 5767: 5655: 5651: 5620: 5577: 5539: 5511: 5503: 5357: 5194: 5182: 5055: 4998: 4983: 4917: 4883: 4816: 4684: 4680: 4558: 4540: 4526: 4522: 4309: 4285: 4016: 3301: 3119: 3080: 3064: 3024: 2975: 2966:

to China in 1999. The only overseas possessions to remain under Portuguese rule, the

2928: 2908: 2788: 2741: 2641: 2584: 2428: 2353: 2283: 1921: 1911: 1881: 1676: 1636: 1276: 1190: 1095: 903: 708: 638: 596: 540: 512: 285: 206: 12106: 10534: 8862:

Willem Floor, "Dutch Relations with the Persian Gulf", in Lawrence G. Potter (ed.),

8631: 6273: 6247: 6095: 5996:", one of the first acts of the MFA-led government which then came into power – the 5264: 4785: 4717: 4022:

The Portuguese empire pushed further south and proceeded to discover Timor in 1512.

2826:

in 1580, there began a 60-year union between Spain and Portugal known to subsequent

2810:

and factories as they went. By 1571, a string of naval outposts connected Lisbon to

17456: 17371: 17316: 17286: 17237: 17197: 17180: 17170: 17105: 17077: 16770: 16557: 16552: 16508: 16495: 16425: 16393: 16388: 16252: 16247: 16229: 16190: 16123: 16106: 16047: 16037: 16032: 15973: 15929: 15899: 15859: 15842: 15825: 15788: 15539: 15395: 14879: 14588: 14370: 14282: 13772: 13748: 13716: 13168: 12763: 11098:

Colonialism and Postcolonial Development Spanish America in Comparative Perspective

9721: 9486: 9221: 9211: 6435: 6387: 6278: 6258: 6142: 6068: 5943: 5904: 5831: 5659: 5635: 5591:

crippled the Portuguese Empire, both economically and politically, for a long time.

5486: 5410: 5047: 4843: 4831: 4827: 4621: 4518: 4486: 4389: 4345: 4289: 4241: 4194: 4170: 4097: 4023: 4012: 3985: 3859: 3515: 3454: 3407: 3373: 3353: 3349: 3304:

capital to produce the "sweet salt" that was rare in Europe. Already cultivated in

3229: 3036: 2963: 2878: 2874: 2866: 2853:

The third era of empire covers the final stage of Portuguese colonialism after the

2760: 2601: 2495: 2438: 2413: 2288: 2278: 2218: 2208: 2158: 2138: 1861: 1836: 1761: 1736: 1626: 1564: 1090: 1013: 749: 722: 610: 498: 14598: 14558: 11423:

Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor: Volume 1

6367:, India, an example of Portuguese architecture and one of Asia's largest churches. 4812: 3907:. Albuquerque is credited with laying the foundations of Portuguese power in Asia. 3429:

As the Portuguese explored the coastlines of Africa, they left behind a series of

17496: 17471: 17259: 17242: 17087: 16988: 16956: 16829: 16797: 16780: 16736: 16731: 16709: 16704: 16662: 16655: 16630: 16490: 16485: 16326: 16207: 16101: 16096: 16064: 15889: 15879: 15773: 15766: 15761: 15746: 15702: 15584: 15570: 15520: 15433: 15289: 15183: 14573: 14553: 14543: 14460: 14094: 14016: 13370: 12352: 12019: 11953: 11841: 11691: 11670: 11630: 11547: 11463: 11335: 11245: 10895: 10841:

Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the Foundation of the Americas, 1585–1660

10618: 10541: 10419: 10332: 10290: 10258: 10237: 10209: 10167: 9872: 8255: 7806: 7571: 7466: 7439: 7412: 7315: 6445: 6179:

For instance, as Portuguese merchants were presumably the first to introduce the

6169: 6017: 5899: 5806: 5759: 5495: 5315: 5279: 5189:. The Dutch also had regional control of the lucrative sugar-producing region of 4760: 4625: 4458: 4301: 4261: 4166: 4125: 4121: 3977: 3782: 3714: 3668: 3403: 3372:

in 1482. It was during this expedition that the Portuguese first encountered the

3154: 3048: 2784: 2737: 2631: 2596: 2490: 2363: 2263: 2203: 2066: 1901: 1891: 1766: 1701: 1651: 1437: 389: 311: 16410: 14548: 11653:

Fidalgos and Philanthropists: The Santa Casa da Misericórdia of Bahia, 1550–1755

10169:

A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century

9364:

History of England: From the Roman Invasion to the Accession of Queen Victoria I

6267: 5278:

saluting the squadron of Admiral Ball at Malta in 1798. In the 18th century the

4597: 3329: 3145: 1473: 17446: 17436: 17431: 17426: 17406: 17396: 17311: 17254: 17147: 17110: 16931: 16926: 16889: 16864: 16847: 16758: 16743: 16714: 16672: 16520: 16480: 16475: 16430: 16356: 16316: 16306: 16296: 16111: 15990: 15884: 15751: 15633: 14961: 14608: 13647: 13486: 12929: 12889: 12585: 12313: 12192: 12095: 11512: 11068: 10067: 9614: 6134: 5839: 5727:

In the 19th century, Portugal launched campaigns to solidify Portuguese Africa.

5718: 5213: 5205: 5107: 5097: 5051: 5043: 5036: 5001:. All the Portuguese colonies accepted the new state of affairs except for the 4987: 4946: 4903: 4585: 4491: 4478: 4349: 4093:

to sail to China in order to pioneer European trade relations with the nation.

3911: 3863: 3692: 3593: 3588:"Vasco da Gama Meets the Zamorin of Calicut", painting by Veloso Salgado, 1898. 3325: 3282: 3051:(in present-day Morocco). It offered the opportunity to continue the Christian 2991: 2827: 2626: 2616: 1961: 1711: 931: 624: 114: 89: 9490: 8656: 4887: 3995: 3781:

along with the Gujarati sultanate attacked Portuguese forces in the harbor of

2850:

that swept the Americas during the early 19th century, it broke away in 1822.

2505: 17608: 17542: 17341: 17012: 16899: 16694: 16667: 16640: 16618: 16596: 16363: 16346: 16331: 16175: 16128: 16116: 16042: 15934: 15808: 15803: 15778: 15660: 14936: 14505: 14410: 13496: 13452: 13083: 12970: 12251: 9916: 9763: 9498: 8676: 7317:

Historical Dictionary of the Discovery and Exploration of the Pacific Islands

5956: 5862: 5712: 5699: 5604: 5510:, who protected the natives against slavery, were brutally suppressed by the 5446:

amount of gold to keep the excesses, which in turn led to the possibility of

5307: 5296: 5197:, but the Portuguese regained these territories after considerable struggle. 5093: 4990: 4951: 4923: 4851: 4780: 4369: 4264:

from 1530 and described the capital of Brunei as surrounded by a stone wall.

4113: 3937: 3605: 3548: 3536: 3499: 3483: 3258: 3184: 2956: 2831: 2792: 2510: 1986: 1656: 1160: 1140: 945: 791: 324: 218: 16440: 16420: 13847:

1975 is the year of East Timor's Declaration of Independence and subsequent

10809:

Portuguese Decolonization in the Indian Ocean World: History and Ethnography

6071:, its last remaining overseas possession. While this process was similar to 5009:, a Portuguese rival claimant to the throne who had garnered the support of 4046:, where they encountered Muslims, Hindus, and Portuguese deserters known as 3773:

due to his suspicions of traders from the region possessing more power. The

17501: 17331: 17202: 17120: 16904: 16645: 16635: 16601: 16530: 16525: 16452: 16242: 16224: 16185: 16180: 16160: 16155: 16027: 16020: 16010: 16005: 16000: 15894: 15832: 15813: 15798: 15734: 14976: 14693: 14445: 14440: 14435: 13673: 13033: 12853: 12565: 11780:

The Portuguese in the East: A Cultural History of a Maritime Trading Empire

9572:

German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net

9567: 6360: 6180: 5932: 5923: 5853:

Portuguese territories in Africa eventually included the modern nations of

5665: 5527: 5405:

in Brazil. Major discoveries of gold and, later, diamonds in Minas Gerais,

5402: 5217: 5200:

Meanwhile, in the Persian Gulf region, the Portuguese also lost control of

5190: 5174: 5018: 4651: 4531: 4297: 4293: 4225: 4217: 4063: 4000: 3738: 3574: 3278: 3223: 3207: 3131: 3123: 1210: 889: 582: 11843:

The Portuguese Empire in Asia, 1500–1700: A Political and Economic History

9216: 9199: 5984:'s military (MFA) and working class, and the cost and unpopularity of the 5458:

the Portuguese were able to implant a political stronghold in the region.

5250: 4863: 4839: 4696: 3369: 17486: 17364: 17349: 17321: 17157: 16623: 16608: 16457: 16170: 16079: 16069: 15995: 15643: 15638: 14834: 14824: 14583: 13959: 13439: 13416: 13403: 13149: 13013: 12919: 10392: 9226: 8657:"The Presence of the "Portugals" in Macau and Japan in Richard Hakluyt's 5631: 5447: 5406: 5342:

The leaders of the plot were three prominent priests from the village of

5270: 4629: 4605: 4043: 3958: 3924: 3817: 3696: 3569: 3415: 3365: 3127: 3112: 3035:

in 1249, but its independence continued to be threatened by neighbouring

3019: 2780: 2768: 2717: 1003: 14303: 12465: 9841: 9644:

Paradigm Shift in Language Planning and Policy: Game-Theoretic Solutions

8260:. trans. by Arthur Irakel. Oxford University Press. pp. 35, 38–40. 5678: 4736: 3950:

in 1510 was soon countered by the Bijapuris, but with the help of Hindu

3853: 3482:

between the Portuguese and the Spanish along a north–south meridian 370

3253: 17249: 16650: 16467: 16341: 16301: 16234: 14869: 14859: 14227: 14201: 13803: 13753: 13093: 13053: 12676: 12608: 11661: 9506: 9164:

Ramasamy, SM.; Kumanan, C.J.; Sivakumar, R.; et al., eds. (2006).

6041: 5903:

In the 20th century, Portugal no longer called itself an empire, but a

5870: 5854: 5535: 5390: 5162: 4804: 4796: 4792: 4668: 4428: 4042:. The Portuguese eventually based their center of operations along the 4035: 4027: 3992:(along with Ferdinand Magellan) to explore the Indonesian archipelago. 3932: 3746: 3616: 3612: 3426:, suggesting that a sea route to the Indies would soon be forthcoming. 3377: 3286: 3219: 3028: 2916: 1841: 1085: 805: 666: 12476: 11289:

Family and Frontier in Colonial Brazil: Santana de Parnaíba, 1580–1822

11161:

Historic Cities of the Americas: An Illustrated Encyclopedia, Volume 1

4600:, and other traders arrived in Japan for the first time. According to 3915:

In the 16th and 17th centuries, the Portuguese Empire of the East, or

3410:

on the coast of Africa, proving false the view that had existed since

17296: 16540: 16311: 16195: 16165: 15946: 15820: 15611: 14864: 14844: 14839: 14688: 13462: 13272: 12326: 12300: 12228: 11980:

White, Paula (2005). Bowman, John Stewart; Isserman, Maurice (eds.).

11045:

Early Latin America: A History of Colonial Spanish America and Brazil

10260:

The Dynamics of Global Dominance, European Overseas Empires 1415–1980

5939:, who had taken power in 1933. Salazar rebuffed a request in 1950 by 5740: 5499: 5451: 4871: 4850:. Subsequently, the French would resettle in Portuguese territory at 4676: 4129: 4076: 3951: 3928: 3750: 3684: 3560: 3552: 3487: 3471: 3441: 3391: 3293: 3211: 3193:

began exploring the Indian Ocean. In 1487, an overland expedition by

2779:, with the aim of finding a sea route to the source of the lucrative 1045: 1040: 17025: 14764: 12112: 10505:

The Creole Elite and the Rise of Angolan Protonationalism: 1870–1920

10031:"Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database: Sorting Citrus Names" 9778:"The Geographical Oddity of Fortaleza de Sao Joao Baptista de Ajuda" 7500:

Hong Kong & Macau by Jules Brown Rough Guides, 2002. p. 195

5911: 4364:

at the head of the Persian Gulf, establishing it as a vassal state.

3430: 2857:

in the 1820s. By then, the colonial possessions had been reduced to

2753: 17506: 17301: 15941: 15724: 15682: 15621: 15066: 14849: 14829: 14795: 13949: 13696: 13559: 13536: 13513: 13360: 13324: 12944: 12575: 12339: 12107:"Repression of Buddhism in Sri Lanka by the Portuguese (1505–1658)" 12091: 9890: 9877: 9052:

https://goemkarponn.com/cm-places-wreath-at-pintos-revolt-memorial/

5927: 5847: 5775: 5732: 5385:

Coat of Arms of the Pintos, awarded by the King of Portugal in 1770

5375: 5348: 5343: 5336: 4867: 4847: 4613: 4553: 4548: 4474: 4135: 4117: 4105: 4081: 4008: 3680: 3490:, the exact boundary was disputed by the two countries until 1777. 3478:

in 1494, which divided the world outside of Europe in an exclusive

3423: 3337: 3266: 3239: 3174: 2951:

by Indonesia. Decolonization prompted the exodus of nearly all the

2886: 2811: 970: 134: 128: 14214: 4918:

Iberian Union, Protestant rivalry, and colonial stasis (1580–1663)

4201: 4101: 3816:

and explorations: first arrival places and dates; main Portuguese

17376: 17187: 15854: 15783: 15739: 15594: 13897: 13826: 13783: 13660: 13393: 13287: 12990: 12939: 12719: 12650: 12598: 12545: 12241: 12085: 11865:

The Slave Trade: The Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade: 1440–1870

9981: 9957: 8819: 8691: 6406: 6251: 6173: 6130: 5826: 5810: 5762:

in Lisbon by two Portuguese republican activist revolutionaries,

5515: 5507: 5466: 5416: 5361: 5072: 4979: 4772: 4444: 4440: 4439:. It also regulated the trade of Gujarati ships departing to the 4404: 4381: 4326: 4318: 3973: 3734: 3730: 3660: 3597: 3556: 3479: 3411: 3381: 3309: 3305: 3243: 3234: 3135: 3109: 3052: 3032: 2986:(CPLP) is the cultural successor of the Empire, analogous to the 2912: 2776: 15655: 11693:

The First Imperial Age, European Overseas Expansion c. 1400–1715

11632:

Viagem ao fundo das consciências: a escravatura na época moderna

10981:

Asia in the Making of Europe, Volume I: The Century of Discovery

10790:

Africa's Legacies Of Urbanization: Unfolding Saga of a Continent

10680:

Islands and Empires: Western Impact on the Pacific and East Asia

10484:

The Missionary Strategies of the Jesuits in Ethiopia (1555–1632)

7709:

Juan Cole, Sacred Space and Holy War, IB Tauris, 2007 p. 37

6227:. Related names can be found in other languages, such as Arabic 6187:

the fruit has been named after them. Some examples are Albanian

4236:

Portuguese operations in Asia did not go unnoticed, and in 1521

4224:. A significant portion of the crews on Portuguese ships on the 3130:

and perhaps to join forces with the fabled Christian kingdom of

15687: 15562: 13911: 13686: 13380: 13213: 13192: 13043: 12948: 12909: 12899: 12697: 12639: 12499: 12432: 12365: 12287: 8737:

The Voyage of John Huyghen van Linschoten to the East Indies...

6126: 5969: 5866: 5843: 5502:

created there functioned under a centralized administration in

5353: 5287: 5077: 5002: 4795:

and São Vicente, prospered. Both were dedicated to the crop of

4432: 4408: 4385: 4357: 4253: 4190: 4186: 4161: 4132: 3954: 3774: 3688: 3676: 3664: 3648: 3640: 3632: 3628: 3620: 3578: 3341: 3297: 3270: 3139: 2800: 1060: 84: 75:

Areas of the world that were once part of the Portuguese Empire

12826: 11119:

Maritime India: Trade, Religion and Polity in the Indian Ocean

10819:

A History of Latin America: From the Beginnings to the Present

10599:

Inhuman Bondage: The Rise And Fall of Slavery in the New World

10063:

The Europeans: A Geography of People, Culture, and Environment

8957:, vol. 4, pp. 254–255. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 1996. 8792:

Bowen, H. V.; Lincoln, Margarette; Rigby, Nigel, eds. (2002).

6164:

Canada, the US and Venezuela. In addition, there are numerous

5530:

attempted to achieve the same objective in 1789. However, the

4248:, since there was no set limit to the east. The expedition of 16321: 14854: 14344: 13793: 13429: 13350: 13300: 13179: 13073: 13063: 12980: 12960: 12876: 12866: 12792: 12618: 12486: 12182: 9163: 8060:

American History from a Global Perspective: An Interpretation

6383: 6037: 5973: 5736: 5715:

were among the first Europeans to cross Africa west to east.

5687: 5371: 5300: 4859: 4755: 4436: 4361: 4155: 3742: 3540: 3269:

trade post overseas was established in 1445 on the island of

3076: 2767:

would eventually expand across the globe. In the wake of the

2749: 875: 847: 554: 9013:

History of the Konkan by Alexander Kyd Nairne pp. 84–85

5719:

British Ultimatum and end of Portuguese monarchy (1890–1910)

4720:

reported French raids on the Brazilian coasts, and explorer

4120:

in 1548 where several Portuguese were captured and near the

2935:

in Africa lasted from 1961 until the final overthrow of the

13023: 8546: 8544: 6840: 5723: 5209: 4747:, in 1532. Sousa returned to Lisbon a year later to become 4561:, to the point of installing client kings upon its throne. 4365: 3836:, depicting a Portuguese nobleman with his retinue in India 3158: 15531: 13851:. In 2002, East Timor's independence was fully recognized. 10960:

South East Asia, Colonial History: Imperialism before 1800

10894:

Juang, Richard M.; Morrissette, Noelle Anne, eds. (2008).

9258: 8970:, vol. 5, p. 2. New York: Charles A. Scribner's Sons 1996. 8966:

Francis A. Dutra, "Salvador Correia de Sá e Benavides" in

5490:

Plan of the city of S. Sebastião (Rio de Janeiro) in 1820.

5420:

Provinces of the Portuguese Empire in the Americas by 1817

13254: 8733: 7979:

Technology in World Civilization: A Thousand-year History

7773:

A Military History of the Ottomans: From Osman to Atatürk

7563:

p. 343–344, Denis Crispin Twitchett, John King Fairbank,

7441:

The Grove Encyclopedia of Materials and Techniques in Art

6364: 5952: 5328: 5323: 5126:, showing the main street of Portuguese Goa in the 1580s. 4735:

The increase in brazilwood smuggling from the French led

2759:

The Portuguese Empire originated at the beginning of the

11226:

History of the Portuguese Navigation in India, 1497–1600

11023:

Paula Rego's Map of Memory: National and Sexual Politics

10815:

Herring, Hubert Clinton; Herring, Helen Baldwin (1968).

8541: 8305: 8079: 5698:

in the 19th century, Portugal had lost its territory in

5306:

After the Portuguese were defeated by the Indian rulers

5029:

The Recovery of São Salvador da Bahia de Todos os Santos

4728:

along the North American coast directly violated of the

3505: 10524:

Conquerors: How Portugal Forged the First Global Empire

10421:

Portuguese Trade in Asia Under the Habsburgs, 1580–1640

9198:

Costa, Leonor Freire; Palma, Nuno; Reis, Jaime (2015).

7944: 7908: 6996: 6451:

Persecution of Jews and Muslims by Manuel I of Portugal

5918:

sought the preservation of a pluricontinental Portugal.

4635: 4267: 4030:

in 1526, naming it the "Island of the Papua". In 1517,

3201: 7896: 7386:

Twitchett, Denis Crispin; Fairbank, John King (1978).

6156:. Together with Portugal, they are now members of the 5481: 4799:, and the settlers managed to maintain alliances with 3923:

By the end of 1509, Albuquerque became viceroy of the

3679:(modern Sri Lanka), where he discovered the source of 11984:

Exploration in the World of the Middle Ages, 500–1500

11935:

Pidgins, Creoles and Mixed Languages: An Introduction

11380:

History of Portugal: From Lusitania to Empire; Vol. 1

11337:

A History of Portuguese Overseas Expansion, 1400–1668

11268:

Go-Betweens and the Colonization of Brazil: 1500–1600

9647:. Boston/Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, Inc. p. 98. 9111: 9109: 9084: 9082: 8435: 8433: 7956: 7925: 7923: 7729: 7727: 7250: 6277:, literally "(the) Portuguese (one)", in contrast to 6012:), creating over a million Portuguese refugees – the 5396: 4604:, who claimed to be in this journey, they arrived at 3854:

Trade with Maritime Asia, Africa and the Indian Ocean

3289:

Islands were discovered in 1456 and settled in 1462.

3242:, advancing at an average rate of one degree a year. 13868: 11462:

Page, Melvin E.; Sonnenburg, Penny M., eds. (2003).

10352:

Bethencourt, Francisco; Curto, Diogo Ramada (2007).

10239:

Portuguese Colonial Cities in the Early Modern World

9417: 8353: 8211: 8152:

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8143: 8141: 8139: 7739: 7114: 7112: 6347:

Main sea explorations, routes and areas of influence

4894:

period, Manuel de Nóbrega, along with fellow Jesuit

14967:

United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves

14679:

United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves

11955:

Republican Portugal: A Political History, 1910–1926

11776: 11375: 10838:Heywood, Linda M.; Thornton, John K., eds. (2007). 10570:

The North Atlantic World in the Seventeenth Century

10092:"ONU: Petição para tornar português língua oficial" 10053: 9291: 9234: 9121: 8953:Francis A. Dutra. "Overseas Council (Portugal)" in 8299: 8287: 8193: 7414:

China and Europe Since 1978: A European Perspective

7124: 7097: 7073: 7037: 6948: 6900: 6792: 6441:

List of topics on the Portuguese Empire in the East

5842:) of territories gained during the war, except for 5613:

United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves

5568:

United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves

4862:to report the French intrusion, Joao III appointed 14714:List of titles and honours of the Portuguese Crown 11981: 11862: 11734: 11714:MIGRAÇÃO SOB CONTRATO: A OPINIÃO DE EÇA DE QUEIROZ 11628: 11585:Priolkar, A.K. The Goa Inquisition (Bombay, 1961). 11520: 11377: 11308: 11201: 11042: 10816: 10677: 10567: 10396: 10374:War in the World: A Comparative History, 1450–1600 10187:Appiah, Anthony; Gates, Henry Louis, eds. (2010). 9986: 9796: 9470: 9246: 9106: 9079: 8968:Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture 8955:Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture 8753: 8609: 8607: 8430: 8172: 8115: 7976: 7920: 7886: 7884: 7724: 7650: 7584: 7565:The Cambridge history of China, Volume 2; Volume 8 7240: 7238: 6719: 6522: 6073:the agreement between the United Kingdom and China 4671:in 1497 and 1498). To that end, in 1499 and 1500, 3880: 10059: 8986:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 180. 8791: 8785: 8391: 8389: 8281: 8189: 8187: 8136: 7860: 7712: 7385: 7307: 7189: 7187: 7136: 7109: 6617: 6615: 4815:as first governor and selecting a capital at the 4784:India and senior officials of the court, such as 4517:The Portuguese also made direct contact with the 4514:in 1543, the joint Adal-Ottoman force retreated. 2859:forts and plantations along the African coastline 1503: 17606: 14734:Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza (current pretender) 14647:Project for the Royal Palace in Campo de Ourique 14640:Juvarra's Project for the Royal Palace in Lisbon 12010:The Rise of Portuguese Power in India, 1497–1550 10893: 10351: 10208:Arnold, James R.; Wiener, Roberta, eds. (2012). 10060:Ostergren, Robert C.; Le Bossé, Mathias (2011). 9844:. Government Printing Bureau (Macao SAR). 1987. 8734:Burnell, Arthur Coke; et al., eds. (1885), 8550: 8517: 8466: 8317: 8311: 8235: 8091: 8085: 7043: 6906: 6798: 6528: 6498: 4687:explored what is today the Canadian province of 4038:, and by 1528, the Portuguese had established a 3296:in Madeira started in 1455, using advisers from 2740:in European history, lasting 584 years from the 2711: 2701: 28: 17695:1999 disestablishments in the Portuguese Empire 14288:Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia 14278:Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago 13989: 11247:Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India 10837: 10620:Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415–1580 10438: 9718:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History 9695: 9693: 9342: 9312: 9279: 9145: 9133: 8869: 8844: 8604: 8257:Chapters of Brazil's Colonial History 1500–1800 8223: 8103: 8014: 7950: 7914: 7881: 7769: 7235: 7160: 6924: 6912: 6828: 6743: 6546: 5092:a large Portuguese carrack off the Azores, the 4791:Of the fifteen original captaincies, only two, 4208:Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago 4202:Spice Islands (Moluccas) and Treaty of Zaragoza 3876:Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago 3436: 3406:rounded the southern tip of Africa and reached 3317:would propel the investment in future travels. 667:Parts of the Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata 11461: 11354: 11204:Spain and Portugal in the New World, 1492–1700 10814: 9883: 9197: 8716: 8495: 8493: 8454: 8401: 8386: 8293: 8199: 8184: 8160: 8147: 8121: 7718: 7184: 7148: 7061: 6888: 6816: 6676: 6627: 6612: 6534: 6504: 6152:Eight of the former colonies of Portugal have 4477:unload cargo in Lisbon. Original engraving by 4108:. In 1521, the Portuguese lost 2 ships at the 3832:16th century Portuguese illustration from the 3512:Portuguese discovery of the sea route to India 3449:meridian divided the world between the crowns 2516:Banda Oriental and Rio Grande do Sul (1762–63) 17705:States and territories disestablished in 1999 17041: 15547: 14780: 14330: 12128: 11402:Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism 11115: 10617:Diffie, Bailey W.; Winius, George D. (1977). 10439:Chesworth, John; Thomas, David, eds. (2015). 10025: 10023: 9917:"Cataloging Policy and Support Office: Macau" 9476: 9458: 9448: 9446: 9444: 9157: 8891:Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism 7745: 7313: 7262: 6048:. However, East Timor was almost immediately 6020:, as Indian territories. Benin's claims over 5876: 5770:. Luís Filipe's brother, Manuel, became King 5731:The project to connect the two colonies, the 5580:sought the disbandment of the United Kingdom. 4396:became a strategic port, and there was built 3324:granted the monopoly of trade in part of the 3104:European enclaves in North Africa before 1830 1489: 1455: 17690:1415 establishments in the Portuguese Empire 17004:"Empire" as a description of foreign policy 11839: 11668: 11649: 11447:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. 11358:Port Cities of Atlantic Iberia, c. 1500–1900 10939:The Illustrated History of Natural Disasters 10706:Portugal: A Twentieth Century Interpretation 10616: 10207: 10118: 9802: 9690: 8580: 8556: 8420: 8418: 8416: 8359: 8329: 8247: 8241: 8097: 7691: 7536:"'Portugal's Discovery in China' on Display" 7172: 7166: 7142: 7130: 7103: 7079: 7049: 7002: 6954: 6930: 6918: 6846: 6834: 6749: 6725: 6682: 6633: 6621: 6540: 5235: 4858:. While a Portuguese ambassador was sent to 12021:Choque Luso No Japão Dos Séculos XVI e XVII 10935: 10723: 10186: 10125: 10094:. Diario.iol.pt. 2005-11-17. Archived from 9547: 9383: 9151: 9094: 8973: 8505: 8490: 8341: 8062:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 314. 7638: 7628: 7626: 7624: 7471:. Crabtree Publishing Company. p. 12. 7458: 7411:Edmonds, Richard L., ed. (September 2002). 7404: 7390:. Cambridge University Press. p. 336. 7286: 7274: 7085: 7055: 7016:"Thangasseri, Kollam, Dutch Quilon, Kerala" 6984: 6972: 6822: 6731: 5641: 5370:This was the first anti-colonial revolt in 4826:Tomé de Sousa built the capital of Brazil, 4169:, during the golden age of colonization of 3936:and Gujarat, as well as its prominence for 3713:exemplified the might and the force of the 3524:Indian Ocean trade § Portuguese period 3422:, traveling secretly overland, had reached 3087: 2997: 17700:States and territories established in 1415 17048: 17034: 15554: 15540: 14787: 14773: 14337: 14323: 12135: 12121: 11932: 11759:Goa-Kanara Portuguese Relations, 1498–1763 11527:. University of California Press. p. 11140:The Atlantic World and Virginia, 1550–1624 10724:Gann, Louis Henry; Duignan, Peter (1972). 10546: 10020: 9634: 9485:(3). Cambridge University Press: 620–629. 9441: 9429: 9354: 8592: 8568: 8032: 7968: 7223: 7199: 6876: 6852: 6768: 6699:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDaus1983 ( 6639: 6563: 6561: 6305:Community of Portuguese Language Countries 6158:Community of Portuguese Language Countries 6133:(the latter administering the uninhabited 6108:Community of Portuguese Language Countries 5617:Reino Unido de Portugal, Brasil e Algarves 5564:Transfer of the Portuguese Court to Brazil 5494:Unlike Spain, Portugal did not divide its 4759:A map from 1574 showing the 15 hereditary 4216:Portugal was the first European nation to 3691:initially resisted contact with them, the 3167: Covilhã's travel 1489–†1490 (orange) 2984:Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries 1496: 1482: 1462: 1448: 69: 13610: 12017: 11818: 11756:Shastry, Bhagamandala Seetharama (2000). 11607: 11199: 11073: 10744: 10702: 10684:. University of Minnesota Press. p. 9225: 9215: 9067: 9016: 8983:Early Modern Spain: A Documentary History 8745: 8529: 8511: 8478: 8413: 8365: 7929: 7866: 7817: 7815: 7770:Uyar, Mesut; J. Erickson, Edward (2003). 7751: 7417:. Cambridge University Press. p. 1. 7343: 7256: 7091: 6990: 6978: 6894: 6737: 6578: 6576: 5553: 5282:was among the most powerful in the world. 4624:missionaries, followed the Portuguese to 4564: 4498:in 1529, and Islam spread further in the 3002: 2943:of April 1974 in Lisbon led to the hasty 2919:was normally exempt. In August 1961, the 12109:, Australian Centre for Sri Lankan Unity 12006: 11890: 11797: 11732: 11588: 11493: 11040: 10956: 10417: 10399:The Portuguese Seaborne Empire 1415–1825 10354:Portuguese Overseas Expansion, 1400–1800 10309: 10288: 10113: 9711: 9699: 8698: 8586: 8562: 8523: 8499: 8472: 8335: 8323: 8253: 8057: 7902: 7675:Continuum International Publishing Group 7644: 7621: 7431: 7244: 7229: 7211: 7205: 6882: 6864: 6858: 6804: 6651: 6645: 6510: 6289:official languages of the United Nations 6094: 5910: 5898: 5722: 5677: 5674:Campaigns of Pacification and Occupation 5583: 5571: 5485: 5415: 5380: 5269: 5249: 5152: 5106: 5060: 5023: 4945: 4754: 4650: 4568: 4468: 4331: 4317: 4244:, claiming they were in his zone of the 4211: 4160: 4075: 3994: 3910: 3898: 3756: 3721:A Portuguese fleet under the command of 3702: 3583: 3531: 3440: 3390: 3252: 3144: 3058: 2691: 17655:Portuguese colonization of the Americas 16828: 14522:House of Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 14273:Portuguese colonization of the Americas 12101:Forts of the Spice Islands of Indonesia 11951: 11755: 11710: 11566: 11518: 11285: 11264: 11136: 11094: 10870:Jesus, Carlos Augusto Montalto (1902). 10786: 10765: 10656: 10637: 10501: 10330: 10235: 10211:Cold War: The Essential Reference Guide 9775: 9553: 9464: 9435: 9348: 9318: 9297: 9285: 9264: 9252: 9240: 9139: 9127: 9115: 9100: 9088: 8920: 8875: 8850: 8825: 8723:(in Dutch), Amsterdam: Cornelis Claesz. 8665:Bulletin of Portuguese/Japanese Studies 8613: 8347: 8109: 8037:. Oxford University Press. p. 14. 8020: 7962: 7890: 7733: 7656: 7464: 7444:. Oxford University Press. p. 37. 7410: 7193: 7178: 7154: 7118: 7067: 6936: 6780: 6774: 6707: 6600: 6558: 6516: 6040:, South Africa, and the United States. 5461:In 1755 Lisbon suffered a catastrophic 5050:against Spain since 1568. In 1581, the 4642:Portuguese colonization of the Americas 4632:to Asia and Africa with mixed success. 4403:In 1534, Gujarat faced attack from the 3592:Profiting from the rivalry between the 3277:pushed on almost as far as present-day 17607: 12405: 11911: 11860: 11333: 11306: 11222: 11178: 11157: 11143:. University of North Carolina Press. 11019: 10459: 9452: 9423: 9396:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 59–61. 9389: 8979: 8630:. The Newberry Library. Archived from 8598: 8574: 8460: 8439: 8424: 8407: 8395: 8229: 8217: 8205: 8178: 8166: 7812: 7757: 7609: 7513:. Algarvedailynews.com. Archived from 7349: 7268: 6870: 6763:Os Descobrimentos e a Economia Mundial 6688: 6671:The World since 1500: a Global history 6657: 6606: 6573: 6567: 6552: 5230:including capturing Fort Jesus in 1698 4596:. At the same time Francisco Zeimoto, 4588:arrived in Goa at the service of King 4116:. The Portuguese also lost 2 ships at 3848:16th century heavy Portuguese carrack. 3555:, the capital of the kingdom ruled by 17055: 17029: 15535: 14794: 14768: 14318: 14302: 13988: 13867: 13609: 13120: 12825: 12404: 12154: 12142: 12116: 11979: 11894:Warfare in Atlantic Africa, 1500–1800 11398: 11243: 10998: 10936:Kozák, Jan; Cermák, Vladimir (2007). 10914: 10869: 10675: 10592: 10480: 10391: 10370: 10165: 9726:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.41 9714:"Decolonization in Portuguese Africa" 9640: 9627:Thomas, H.B., "The Kionga Triangle", 9360: 9073: 9022: 8887: 8625: 8535: 8484: 8371: 7974: 7668: 7632: 7615: 7217: 6942: 6810: 6786: 6713: 6582: 6154:Portuguese as their official language 4608:, where the locals were impressed by 4464: 4325:, one of the best-preserved forts in 3972:In April 1511, Albuquerque sailed to 3506:The Portuguese enter the Indian Ocean 2763:, and the power and influence of the 1477: 14401:Portuguese succession crisis of 1580 13998: 13877: 13619: 13130: 12835: 12795:) and small temporary coastal bases. 12414: 12164: 11777:de Silva Jayasuriya, Shihan (2008). 11591:A History of Indonesia since c. 1300 11315:. Indiana University Press. p. 10977: 10888:Carlos Augusto Montalto Jesus Macao. 10144: 9776:Travels, Geographic (July 8, 2012). 9712:Oliveira, Pedro Aires (2017-05-24). 9565: 8795:The Worlds of the East India Company 8751: 8704: 8651: 8628:"Early Modern Ship-types, 1450–1650" 7594:. Smithsonianmag.com. Archived from 7574:, Cambridge University Press, 1978, 7437: 7292: 6765:, Arcádia, 1965, Vol 1 and 2, Lisboa 6694: 6168:, including the one utilized by the 5378:subjects in all European colonies. 4636:Colonization efforts in the Americas 4502:. Portugal responded by aiding king 4268:South Asia, Persian Gulf and Red Sea 3903:Second Portuguese governor of India 3577:, the Portuguese Empire created the 3202:Initial African coastline excursions 3071:and initiated the Portuguese Empire. 17725:Historical transcontinental empires 17563:History of the Mediterranean region 14754:His Most Faithful Majesty's Council 14304:Articles and topics related to the 11798:de Souza, Teotonio R., ed. (1990). 11593:(2nd ed.). London: MacMillan. 11440: 11419: 11223:Mathew, Kuzhippalli Skaria (1988). 9204:European Review of Economic History 9170:. New India Publishing. p. 8. 8866:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2009), p. 240. 8856: 8798:. Boydell & Brewer. p. 2. 8717:Van Linschoten, Jan Huygen (1596), 7697: 7356:. Aleph Book Company. p. 225. 7314:Quanchi, Max; Robson, John (2005). 7280: 6058:United Nations-sponsored referendum 6024:were accepted by Portugal in 1974. 5792:East African Campaign (World War I) 5482:Pombaline and post-Pombaline Brazil 5465:, which together with a subsequent 5224:, one of the most important of the 4976:Portuguese attack on Alcácer Quibir 4699:rights to the inner islands of the 4580:for a missionary expedition in Asia 4124:. In 1549 two Portuguese junks and 4080:The Portuguese visited the city of 3470:'s 1492 discovery for Spain of the 2990:for countries formerly part of the 2949:1975 annexation of Portuguese Timor 2945:decolonization of Portuguese Africa 2907:, the regime renamed its colonies " 13: 17685:1999 disestablishments in Portugal 14739:Family tree of Portuguese monarchs 14263:Evolution of the Portuguese Empire 12007:Whiteway, Richard Stephen (1899). 11741:. University of California Press. 11690:Scammell, Geoffrey Vaughn (1997). 11675:. Johns Hopkins University Press. 11656:. University of California Press. 11629:do Rosário Pimente, Maria (1995). 11376:de Oliveira Marques, A.H. (1972). 11080:. Educa Books, Facsimile edition. 10313:A History of Latin America to 1825 9822:from the original on 26 April 2023 8828:, pp. 73–74, 168–171, 226–231 8720:Itinerario, Voyage ofte Schipvaert 8254:de Abreu, João Capistrano (1998). 7320:. Scarecrow Press. p. xliii. 6431:Evolution of the Portuguese Empire 6110:(CPLP) serves as the cultural and 6018:invaded by India's military forces 5891:Transfer of sovereignty over Macau 5621:Cortes Constitucionais Portuguesas 5397:Minas Gerais and the gold industry 4655:The Portuguese mapped and claimed 4053: 3749:was partly explored by Cunha, and 3741:in 1507. Having failed to conquer 2925:Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá 2773:Portuguese sailors began exploring 2746:transfer of sovereignty over Macau 2736:. It was one of the longest-lived 918:Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá 14: 17736: 17645:Portuguese colonisation in Africa 14749:Style of the Portuguese sovereign 14724:Pantheon of the House of Braganza 12687:São João Baptista de Ajudá, Benin 12086:Dutch Portuguese Colonial History 12040: 11958:. University of Wisconsin Press. 11444:Historical Dictionary of Malaysia 11208:. University of Minnesota Press. 10623:. University of Minnesota Press. 10334:The Independence of Latin America 10256: 9929:from the original on 28 June 2022 9897:from the original on 27 June 2022 9784:from the original on May 29, 2023 9760:Dismantling the Portuguese Empire 9588:. Newforestexplorersguide.co.uk. 8888:Olson, James Stuart, ed. (1991). 6594: 6166:Portuguese-based creole languages 6147:Indonesian invasion of East Timor 6065:Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration 5751:and the Pink Map came to an end. 4952:Luso-Hispanic (or Iberian) Empire 4703:and also created a settlement on 4352:. In 1515, Afonso de Albuquerque 4252:reached the Moluccas, docking at 4218:establish trade routes with Japan 3396:Portuguese possessions in Morocco 2929:India annexed Goa, Daman, and Diu 1201:Imperial decline, war, and revolt 485:Indigenous people of the Americas 16:Colonial empire between 1415–1999 17715:1999 disestablishments in Europe 17670:Early modern history of Portugal 17548:Bibliography of European history 17143:Fall of the Western Roman Empire 15065: 14484: 14426:Transfer of the Portuguese court 14406:War of the Portuguese Succession 14268:Portuguese colonial architecture 13869:North America and North Atlantic 12733:Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe 12391: 12155: 11689: 11569:World History: A New Perspective 11250:. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. 11185:. University of Oklahoma Press. 10547:de Almeida, Miguel Vale (2004). 10289:Anderson, James Maxwell (2000). 10190:Encyclopedia of Africa, Volume 2 10084: 10041:from the original on 15 May 2013 10011: 9975: 9950: 9941: 9909: 9859: 9834: 9808: 9769: 9753: 9705: 9679: 9668: 9621: 9603: 9578: 9559: 9521: 9333: 9324: 9303: 9270: 9191: 9056: 9045: 9028: 9007: 8960: 8947: 8914: 8894:. Greenwood Press. p. 204. 8881: 8831: 8727: 8710: 8645: 8619: 8445: 8377: 8127: 8051: 8026: 7997: 7935: 7511:"Tne Portuguese in the Far East" 6966: 6421:Portuguese colonial architecture 6395: 6382:remains an official language in 6372: 6352: 6312: 6296: 5401:In 1693, gold was discovered at 4942:War of the Portuguese Succession 4481:, 1593, coloured at a later date 4376:in 1516. In 1521 a force led by 3841: 3825: 3806: 3700:threats from the Mamluk sultan. 3023:, the gradual reconquest of the 2716:), was composed of the overseas 1431: 1321:Processo Revolucionário Em Curso 1156:War of the Portuguese Succession 1002: 950: 936: 922: 908: 894: 880: 866: 852: 838: 824: 810: 796: 782: 768: 754: 740: 715: 701: 687: 673: 659: 645: 631: 617: 603: 589: 575: 561: 547: 533: 519: 505: 491: 477: 463: 53: 17680:1415 establishments in Portugal 17650:Portuguese colonisation in Asia 17640:History of European colonialism 17573:History of Western civilization 17176:Christianity in the Middle Ages 14957:History of Portugal (1777–1834) 14456:Municipal Library Elevator Coup 14258:Armorial of Portuguese colonies 12013:. Archibald Constable & Co. 11846:(2 ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. 11672:The Portuguese Empire 1415–1808 11545: 11482:from the original on 2023-01-11 10984:. University of Chicago Press. 10858:from the original on 2023-02-16 10730:. University Press of America. 10566:Davies, Kenneth Gordon (1974). 10277:from the original on 2023-07-03 9964:from the original on 2009-11-27 9891:"CPLP Histórico – Como surgiu?" 9848:from the original on 2011-07-20 9816:"East Timor: Birth of a nation" 9742:from the original on 2021-05-13 9685: 9674: 9631:Volume 31 1951, pp. 47–50. 9592:from the original on 2023-06-27 8921:Goodman, Grant K., ed. (1991). 8841:. Oxford: Clarendon Press 1957. 8683:from the original on 2023-03-30 7872: 7851: 7842: 7833: 7824: 7790: 7763: 7703: 7662: 7557: 7546:from the original on 2022-05-15 7528: 7503: 7494: 7485: 7379: 7370: 7334: 7298: 7026:from the original on 2014-05-14 7008: 6960: 6755: 6663: 6149:was not justified by Portugal. 5907:nation with overseas provinces. 5670:History of Portugal (1834–1910) 5360:families to be considered as a 5299:and in exchange Portugal ceded 5286:In 1661 the Portuguese offered 5246:History of Portugal (1777–1834) 5242:History of Portugal (1640–1777) 4902:, then established the city of 4494:defeated the Ethiopians in the 4165:A depiction, from 1639, of the 4015:on a diplomatic mission to the 3887:Adil Shahi–Portuguese conflicts 3881:Goa, Malacca and Southeast Asia 3346:War of the Castilian Succession 3118:, who had been involved in the 3094:History of Portugal (1415–1578) 3009:History of Portugal (1139–1415) 2744:in North Africa in 1415 to the 17417:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 17360:Christianity in the modern era 17131:Christianity in late antiquity 13121: 11988:. Facts on File, Inc. p. 11819:Stapleton, Timothy J. (2013). 11804:. Concept Publishing Company. 11552:. Cambridge University Press. 11498:. Cambridge University Press. 11101:. Cambridge University Press. 11049:. Cambridge University Press. 10844:. Cambridge University Press. 10811:(Bloomsbury Publishing, 2018). 10676:Dodge, Ernest Stanley (1976). 10661:. Cambridge University Press. 10642:. Cambridge University Press. 10565: 10356:. Cambridge University Press. 10337:. Cambridge University Press. 10295:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 10236:Brockey, Liam Matthew (2008). 10166:Ahmed, Farooqui Salma (2011). 8839:The Dutch in Brazil, 1624–1654 8383:Metcalf (2005), pp. 36–37 7388:The Cambridge History of China 6588: 5992:regime in 1974. Known as the " 5781: 5157:The Portuguese victory at the 4487:Ethiopian (Abyssinian) Kingdom 4282:Portuguese invasion of Bahrain 4146:which they named as Folangji ( 3647:, Kannur), built a factory at 3285:was reached in the 1460s. The 3075:In 1415 an attack was made on 2887:Portuguese ambitions in Africa 1: 17710:1415 establishments in Europe 17568:History of the European Union 13288:Portuguese Paliacate outpost 11840:Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (2012). 11717:. Unesp- Ceru. Archived from 11669:Russell-Wood, A.J.R. (1998). 11650:Russell-Wood, A.J.R. (1968). 11608:Rodriguez, Junius P. (2007). 11384:. Columbia University Press. 11292:. University of Texas Press. 11271:. University of Texas Press. 11020:Lisboa, Maria Manuel (2008). 10769:Japan and the Dutch 1600-1835 10576:University of Minnesota Press 10466:. Stanford University Press. 10460:Coates, Timothy Joel (2002). 10445:. Brill Academic Publishers. 10037:(www.search.unimelb.edu.au). 9568:"Ships hit during WWI: Dacia" 8924:Japan and the Dutch 1600-1853 7671:Interracial Intimacy in Japan 7350:Harris, Jonathan Gil (2015). 6486: 6183:in Europe, in several modern 6063:In 1987, Portugal signed the 5496:colonial territory in America 5429:(residents of São Paulo) and 5208:and the English in 1622, and 5054:gained independence from the 4974:'s death during a disastrous 4954:in 1598, during the reign of 4314:Gujarati-Portuguese conflicts 4152:Luso-Chinese agreement (1554) 3895:Acehnese-Portuguese conflicts 3710:Santa Catarina do Monte Sinai 1507:Portuguese colonial campaigns 14501:Portuguese House of Burgundy 14030:Captaincy Colonies of Brazil 13823: • 1938–1941 13800: • 1890–1999 13790: • 1851–1999 13780: • 1864–1999 13680: • 1578–1650 13667: • 1576–1605 13654: • 1522–1575 13579: • 1779–1954 13556: • 1687–1749 13493: • 1598–1610 13483: • 1579–1632 13459: • 1568–1659 13449: • 1559–1961 13436: • 1548–1658 13426: • 1540–1612 13413: • 1536–1662 13400: • 1535–1739 13377: • 1534–1661 13367: • 1534–1601 13357: • 1531–1571 13347: • 1531–1571 13331: • 1528–1666 13321: • 1523–1662 13297: • 1521–1740 13284: • 1518–1619 13251: • 1510–1961 13238: • 1507–1657 13225: • 1502–1661 13203: • 1502–1658 13189: • 1501–1663 13176: • 1500–1663 12071:Resources in other libraries 11952:Wheeler, Douglas L. (1998). 11822:A Military History of Africa 11733:Schwartz, Stuart B. (1973). 11399:Olson, James Stuart (1991). 11355:O'Flanagan, Patrick (2008). 11116:Malekandathil, Pius (2010). 11074:Macmillan, Allister (2000). 10745:Gipouloux, François (2011). 10126:Abeyasinghe, Tikiri (1986). 9629:Tanganyika Notes and Records 9361:Angus, William, ed. (1837). 8551:Bethencourt & Curto 2007 8312:Bethencourt & Curto 2007 8086:Bethencourt & Curto 2007 8033:C. Bloomer, Kristin (2018). 7809:(Volume 6, Chapter 3, eText) 7044:Bethencourt & Curto 2007 6907:Bethencourt & Curto 2007 6799:Bethencourt & Curto 2007 6529:Juang & Morrissette 2008 6491: 6332:Areas of influence and trade 6075:two years earlier regarding 5982:Movimento das Forças Armadas 5846:, a port city in modern-day 5747:was reluctantly accepted by 4958:, King of Portugal and Spain 4761:captaincy colonies of Brazil 4722:Binot Paulmier de Gonneville 3785:, resulting in the death of 3761:First viceroy of India, Dom 3437:Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) 2959:from the colonies. Portugal 2953:Portuguese colonial settlers 2927:, and in December that year 2861:(expanded inland during the 2693:[ĩˈpɛ.ɾjupuɾ.tuˈɣeʃ] 1283:Portugal during World War II 1111:Portuguese House of Burgundy 1081:Umayyad conquest of Hispania 7: 17527:Russian invasion of Ukraine 17138:Crisis of the Third Century 15561: 13990:South America and Caribbean 11933:Velupillai, Viveka (2015). 11334:Newitt, Malyn D.D. (2005). 11307:Newitt, Malyn D.D. (1995). 11244:Mehta, Jaswant Lal (1980). 10602:. Oxford University Press. 10242:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. 10193:. Oxford University Press. 10172:. Pearson Education India. 10128:Jaffna Under the Portuguese 9866:Macau and the end of empire 9267:, pp. 277–279, 283–284 8864:The Persian Gulf in History 7951:Heywood & Thornton 2007 7915:Heywood & Thornton 2007 6414: 6100:Monument of the Discoveries 5937:António de Oliveira Salazar 5916:António de Oliveira Salazar 5796:Portugal during World War I 5204:by a joint alliance of the 5159:Second Battle of Guararapes 4886:with the assistance of the 4584:In 1542, Jesuit missionary 3528:Portuguese presence in Asia 3187:'s travel 1497–1499 (black) 2896:(in office 1932–1968), the 2865:in the late 19th century), 2824:seized the Portuguese crown 1251:Portugal during World War I 862:Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli 364:End of Moroccan territories 10: 17741: 17720:2nd millennium in Portugal 17675:Modern history of Portugal 17615:Bahrain–Portugal relations 17583:Military history of Europe 17578:Maritime history of Europe 14431:Liberal Revolution of 1820 14421:Portuguese Restoration War 14138:Nova Colónia do Sacramento 13217:(Coulão / Kollam) 12288:Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gué 12081:Portuguese Empire Timeline 11891:Thornton, John K. (2000). 11494:Paquette, Gabriel (2014). 11286:Metcalf, Alida C. (2005). 11265:Metcalf, Alida C. (2006). 11137:Mancall, Peter C. (2007). 10957:Kratoska, Paul H. (2004). 10876:. Kelly & Walsh, ltd. 10766:Goodman, Grant K. (2000). 10130:. Lake House Investments. 9390:Levine, Robert M. (2003). 9339:Pequette, pp. 106–114 9042:(Baywolf Press) p. 35 9034:Portuguese Studies Review 8451:Metcalf (2005), p. 37 8148:Pickett & Pickett 2011 8133:Metcalf (2006), p. 60 8122:Herring & Herring 1968 7438:Ward, Gerald W.R. (2008). 7376:de Silva Jayasuriya, p. 87 7340:de Silva Jayasuriya, p. 86 6505:Page & Sonnenburg 2003 6022:São João Baptista de Ajudá 6002:Junta de Salvação Nacional 5880: 5877:Decolonization (1954–1999) 5785: 5663: 5645: 5625:Liberal Revolution of 1820 5557: 5260:Portuguese Restoration War 5239: 5132:Jan Huyghen van Linschoten 4939: 4936:Portuguese Restoration War 4921: 4639: 4508:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi 4271: 4205: 4144:breech-loading swivel guns 4060:Chinese people in Portugal 4057: 3944:The initial capture of Goa 3891:Malay-Portuguese conflicts 3884: 3857: 3779:Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri 3509: 3460: 3414:that the Indian Ocean was 3173: Covilhã's travel to 3153: Pêro da Covilhã and 3101: 3091: 3006: 2915:, from which only a small 2885:led to the contraction of 2713:Império Colonial Português 2708:Portuguese Colonial Empire 1031:Roman conquest of Hispania 351:Portuguese Restoration War 244:• 1834–1835 (first) 202:• 1911–1915 (first) 17553:Genetic history of Europe 17535: 17340: 17156: 17096: 17063: 16997: 16949: 16466: 15870: 15569: 15493: 15409: 15326: 15317: 15242: 15233: 15149: 15140: 15083: 15074: 15063: 15030: 14815: 14806: 14656: 14534: 14493: 14482: 14471:Royalist attack on Chaves 14466:5 October 1910 revolution 14353: 14312: 14253: 13995: 13984: 13874: 13863: 13616: 13605: 13339:(Porto Grande De Bengala) 13127: 13116: 12832: 12821: 12411: 12400: 12389: 12161: 12150: 12105:Senaka Weeraratna, 2005, 12066:Resources in your library 11546:Pearson, Michael (1987). 11519:Pearson, Michael (1976). 10921:. Yale University Press. 10263:. Yale University Press. 10257:Abernethy, David (2000). 10119:General and cited sources 9686:Pearson 1987, p. 160 9675:Pearson 1987, p. 158 9529:"Portugal enters the war" 9491:10.1017/s0018246x0000532x 8980:Cowans, Jon, ed. (2003). 8927:. Routledge. p. 13. 8756:The Epic of Latin America 8740:, London: Hakluyt Society 6259:southern Italian dialects 6114:successor of the Empire. 6090: 5788:German campaign in Angola 5236:Second empire (1663–1822) 5048:struggle for independence 4966:invaded Portugal after a 4711: 4689:Newfoundland and Labrador 4646: 4448:The two failed sieges of 4407:and the Rajput states of 4374:Lopo Soares de Albergaria 3206:Fears of what lay beyond 3039:until the signing of the 1515: 966: 442: 438: 425: 412: 399: 386: 373: 360: 347: 334: 321: 308: 295: 282: 278: 270: 266: 254: 242: 238: 228: 224: 214:• 1996–1999 (last) 212: 200: 196: 186: 182: 170: 160:• 1415–1433 (first) 158: 154: 144: 121: 106: 96: 80: 68: 50: 45: 23: 15267:Exclusive Economic Zone 15154:Administrative divisions 14396:Battle of Alcácer Quibir 12018:Yamashiro, José (1989). 11711:Scarano, Julita (2009). 11200:McAlister, Lyle (1984). 11041:Lockhart, James (1983). 10978:Lach, Donald F. (1994). 10787:Goodwin, Stefan (2008). 10502:Corrado, Jacopo (2008). 10481:Cohen, Leonardo (2009). 10418:Boyajian, James (2008). 10331:Bethell, Leslie (1985). 10310:Bakewell, Peter (2009). 10145:Abir, Mordechai (1980). 9803:Arnold & Wiener 2012 8300:de Oliveira Marques 1972 8288:de Oliveira Marques 1972 8242:Diffie & Winius 1977 8194:de Oliveira Marques 1972 8098:Diffie & Winius 1977 8058:J. Russo, David (2000). 7465:Gleason, Carrie (2007). 7167:Diffie & Winius 1977 7131:Diffie & Winius 1977 7104:Diffie & Winius 1977 7080:Diffie & Winius 1977 7003:Diffie & Winius 1977 6955:Diffie & Winius 1977 6931:Diffie & Winius 1977 6919:Diffie & Winius 1977 6847:Diffie & Winius 1977 6835:Diffie & Winius 1977 6750:Diffie & Winius 1977 6683:Diffie & Winius 1977 6634:Diffie & Winius 1977 6622:Diffie & Winius 1977 6541:Diffie & Winius 1977 6081:one country, two systems 5998:National Salvation Junta 5800:Battle of the Lys (1918) 5642:Third empire (1822–1999) 5607:in place of his mother, 5374:and one of the first by 5333:Conspiracy of the Pintos 5161:ended Dutch presence in 4854:, which would be called 4626:violently and forcefully 4040:settlement in Chittagong 3520:Portuguese India Armadas 3088:First empire (1415–1663) 2998:History and colonisation 2555:Banda Oriental (1816–20) 2533:Banda Oriental (1776–77) 2486:Banda Oriental (1735–37) 2254:Cape of Good Hope (1630) 1036:Romanization of Hispania 390:Loss of Indian provinces 256:• 1995–1999 (last) 172:• 1908–1910 (last) 17558:History of Christianity 14982:Constitutional monarchy 14744:Portuguese Crown Jewels 14169:Grão-Pará and Rio Negro 14088: • 1621–1815 14075: • 1578–1607 14062: • 1572–1578 14049: • 1572–1578 14036: • 1549–1572 14023: • 1534–1549 13390: • 1535 13262: • 1512–1525 12930:Julfar (Ras al-Khaimah) 11589:Ricklefs, M.C. (1991). 11571:. Chatto & Windus. 11567:Ponting, Clive (2000). 11549:The Portuguese in India 11311:A History of Mozambique 11229:. Mittal Publications. 11095:Mahoney, James (2010). 10703:Gallagher, Tom (1982). 10533:(Berghahn Books, 2020) 10487:. Harrassowitz Verlag. 10292:The History of Portugal 10035:University of Melbourne 9893:(in Portuguese). CPLP. 9152:Kozák & Cermák 2007 7839:Chesworth; Thomas p. 86 7669:Leupp, Gary P. (2003). 7005:, pp. 274, 320–323 6823:Gann & Duignan 1972 6403:Pillar of Vasco da Gama 6185:Indo-European languages 5986:Portuguese Colonial War 5883:Portuguese Colonial War 5815:Canadian Forestry Corps 5226:Portuguese–Safavid wars 4673:João Fernandes Lavrador 4419:was forced to sign the 4417:Bahadur Shah of Gujarat 4278:Capture of Ormuz (1507) 3798:Diogo Lopes de Sequeira 3733:at the entrance of the 3336:, and found a thriving 2988:Commonwealth of Nations 2933:Portuguese Colonial War 2913:system of forced labour 2822:(Philip I of Portugal) 2657:Guinea-Bissau (1963–74) 2184:Coromandel Coast (1619) 1327:Transition to democracy 1295:Portuguese Colonial War 1216:Constitutional Monarchy 1196:Great Lisbon earthquake 403:Portuguese Colonial War 249:Pedro de Sousa Holstein 17665:Portuguese Renaissance 17382:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 15285:Science and technology 14952:1761 Lisbon earthquake 14947:1755 Lisbon earthquake 14669:Kingdom of the Algarve 14629:Sintra National Palace 14451:31 January 1891 revolt 14391:Battle of Alfarrobeira 14345:Topics related to the 14159:Grão-Pará and Maranhão 13583:Dadra and Nagar Haveli 11869:. Simon and Schuster. 11762:. Concept Publishers. 11441:Ooi, Keat Gin (2009). 11420:Ooi, Keat Gin (2004). 11361:. Ashgate Publishing. 11179:Marley, David (2008). 11158:Marley, David (2005). 11026:. Ashgate Publishing. 10963:. Taylor and Francis. 10709:. St. Martin's Press. 10657:Disney, A.R. (2009b). 10638:Disney, A.R. (2009a). 10377:. Palgrave Macmillan. 10371:Black, Jeremy (2011). 9641:Koffi, Ettien (2012). 9586:"Portuguese Fireplace" 9479:The Historical Journal 8752:Crow, John A. (1992). 7975:Pacey, Arnold (1991). 6466:Portuguese Inquisition 6103: 5949:Dadra and Nagar Haveli 5919: 5908: 5745:1890 British Ultimatum 5728: 5691: 5599:invaded Portugal, and 5592: 5589:Brazilian independence 5581: 5560:Independence of Brazil 5554:Brazilian Independence 5491: 5479: 5421: 5386: 5303:to the Spanish crown. 5283: 5255: 5222:1625 Battle off Hormuz 5166: 5150:into the East Indies. 5127: 5066: 5039: 5033:Philip III of Portugal 4970:brought about by King 4959: 4763: 4741:Martim Afonso de Sousa 4660: 4659:in 1499 and the 1500s. 4581: 4565:Missionary expeditions 4496:battle of Shimbra Kure 4482: 4341: 4336:Persian portrait of a 4329: 4274:Persian–Portuguese war 4250:García Jofre de Loaísa 4233: 4173: 4085: 4004: 3920: 3908: 3814:Portuguese discoveries 3766: 3718: 3651:in 1503. In 1505 King 3589: 3544: 3496:ground-breaking voyage 3458: 3399: 3262: 3250:were reached in 1445. 3189: 3098:Portuguese discoveries 3072: 3067:, in 1415, was led by 3003:Background (1139–1415) 2911:" while retaining the 2883:1890 British Ultimatum 2855:independence of Brazil 2848:independence movements 2799:reached what would be 2712: 2702: 2684: 2570:Mozambique (1847–1910) 2189:Persian Gulf (1621–22) 2087:Indian Ocean (1586–89) 1847:Indian Ocean (1538–60) 1647:Persian Gulf (1507–15) 1612:Indian Ocean (1505–17) 1146:Portuguese Renaissance 834:East Timor (1975–1976) 377:Independence of Brazil 87:(1415–1808; 1821–1999) 29: 17462:Industrial Revolution 16974:Medieval great powers 14987:Republican Revolution 14932:Treaty of Tordesillas 14917:Portuguese golden age 14902:1383–1385 interregnum 14729:Most Faithful Majesty 14599:Rio de Janeiro Palace 14476:Monarchy of the North 14386:Battle of Aljubarrota 13849:invasion by Indonesia 13611:East Asia and Oceania 12783:São Tomé and Príncipe 12556:Portuguese Mozambique 12513:Portuguese Gold Coast 11912:Treece, Dave (2000). 11861:Thomas, Hugh (1997). 11077:Mauritius Illustrated 10915:Kamen, Henry (1999). 10529:Curto, Diogo Ramada. 10114:Explanatory footnotes 9566:Helgason, Guðmundur. 9393:The History of Brazil 9330:Pequette, p. 106 9309:Paquette, p. 104 8626:Smith, Roger (1986). 7830:Appiah; Gates, p. 130 6476:Portuguese Surinamese 6471:Portuguese inventions 6337:Claims of sovereignty 6098: 5959:, which were quickly 5941:Indian Prime Minister 5914: 5902: 5859:São Tomé and Príncipe 5836:Versailles Conference 5772:Manuel II of Portugal 5764:Alfredo Luís da Costa 5726: 5681: 5664:Further information: 5648:Portuguese Mozambique 5587: 5575: 5558:Further information: 5532:Inconfidência Mineira 5489: 5474: 5419: 5384: 5320:Keladi Nayaka Kingdom 5273: 5253: 5240:Further information: 5156: 5110: 5064: 5027: 5005:, which held out for 4972:Sebastian of Portugal 4949: 4758: 4730:Treaty of Tordesilhas 4693:João Álvares Fagundes 4665:Treaty of Tordesillas 4654: 4572: 4472: 4335: 4321: 4246:Treaty of Tordesillas 4215: 4164: 4079: 4034:commanded a fleet to 3998: 3914: 3905:Afonso de Albuquerque 3902: 3868:Portuguese Chittagong 3760: 3727:Afonso de Albuquerque 3706: 3667:, where they founded 3587: 3535: 3476:Treaty of Tordesillas 3463:Treaty of Tordesillas 3447:Treaty of Tordesillas 3444: 3394: 3334:São Tomé and Príncipe 3315:Bartolomeo Marchionni 3256: 3148: 3062: 2972:constitutional status 2696:), also known as the 2449:East Africa (1696–98) 1717:Sri Lanka (1520–1658) 1246:Monarchy of the North 820:São Tomé and Príncipe 97:Common languages 17517:European debt crisis 17512:European integration 17452:Age of Enlightenment 17292:Republic of Florence 16984:European colonialism 16969:Ancient great powers 15481:World Heritage Sites 15017:Carnation Revolution 14614:São Cristóvão Palace 14446:Portuguese Civil War 14361:Battle of São Mamede 10999:Ladle, Jane (2000). 10393:Boxer, Charles Ralph 9875:, 18 December 1999. 9367:. Glasgow. pp. 9276:Paquette, p. 67 9167:Geomatics in Tsunami 8653:Puga, Rogério Miguel 7848:Newitt (2004), p. 86 7468:The Biography of Tea 6461:Portuguese in Africa 6139:overseas territories 6050:invaded by Indonesia 5994:Carnation Revolution 5887:Carnation Revolution 5819:Portuguese Fireplace 5749:Carlos I of Portugal 5696:European colonialism 5409:and Goiás led to a " 5171:Dutch–Portuguese War 5112:Joannes van Doetecum 5084:In 1592, during the 4968:crisis of succession 4932:Dutch-Portuguese War 4701:Gulf of St. Lawrence 4594:Apostolic Nunciature 4590:John III of Portugal 4578:John III of Portugal 4536:Paulo Dias de Novais 4512:battle of Wayna Daga 4394:island of Mozambique 4110:Battle of Sincouwaan 3927:with the capital at 3771:Sultanate of Gujarat 3763:Francisco de Almeida 3657:Francisco de Almeida 3653:Manuel I of Portugal 3565:Pedro Álvares Cabral 3468:Christopher Columbus 3248:Cape Verde Peninsula 3161:in 1487–1488 (green) 2941:Carnation Revolution 2939:regime in 1974. The 2797:Pedro Álvares Cabral 2734:Republic of Portugal 2726:overseas territories 2689:European Portuguese: 2662:Mozambique (1964–74) 2627:Mozambique (1917-18) 2622:Mozambique (1917–18) 2607:East Timor (1911–12) 2545:French Guiana (1809) 2394:2nd Sri Lanka (1654) 2389:1st Sri Lanka (1654) 1797:Moluccas (1530–1607) 1315:Carnation Revolution 1166:Dutch-Portuguese War 695:Ahmednagar Sultanate 653:Sultanate of Bijapur 416:Carnation Revolution 338:Dutch-Portuguese War 17635:Kingdom of Portugal 17482:Revolutions of 1848 17412:Early modern France 17193:Anglo-Saxon England 17098:Classical antiquity 16979:Modern great powers 14892:Kingdom of Portugal 14886:Manifestis Probatum 14719:Council of Portugal 14709:Portuguese nobility 14684:Portuguese Monarchs 14664:Kingdom of Portugal 14594:Quinta da Boa Vista 14579:Necessidades Palace 14376:Manifestis Probatum 14347:Portuguese monarchy 12502:(São Jorge da Mina) 12353:São João da Mamora 12195:(El Qsar es Seghir) 11635:. Edições Colibri. 10793:. Lexington Books. 10316:. Wiley-Blackwell. 9994:"língua portuguesa" 9922:Library of Congress 9217:10.1093/ereh/heu019 8553:, pp. 111, 117 7659:, pp. 175, 184 7082:, pp. 233, 235 5709:Hermenegildo Capelo 5366:Portuguese nobility 5274:Portuguese warship 5148:chartered companies 5102:Cornelis de Houtman 5088:, an English fleet 5011:Catherine de Medici 4995:Viceroy of Portugal 4928:Council of Portugal 4819:, making it at the 4602:Fernão Mendes Pinto 4338:Portuguese nobleman 4072:Portuguese Nagasaki 4068:Slavery in Portugal 3967:Vijayanagara Empire 3673:Lourenço de Almeida 3386:Tropic of Capricorn 3157:'s common route to 3116:Henry the Navigator 3069:Henry the Navigator 3015:Kingdom of Portugal 2905:pluricontinentalism 2863:Scramble for Africa 2765:Kingdom of Portugal 2730:Kingdom of Portugal 2698:Portuguese Overseas 2229:Persian Gulf (1625) 2199:Persian Gulf (1622) 2169:Persian Gulf (1614) 2107:Sri Lanka (1587–88) 2092:Persian Gulf (1586) 1967:Sri Lanka (1557–58) 1957:Gulf of Oman (1554) 1942:Persian Gulf (1551) 1812:Persian Gulf (1534) 1792:Persian Gulf (1529) 1438:Portugal portal 736:Portuguese Republic 681:Maratha Confederacy 471:Kingdom of Portugal 17588:Crusading movement 17492:Russian Revolution 17327:Hundred Years' War 17223:Maritime republics 17126:Early Christianity 17116:Hellenistic period 17073:Paleolithic Europe 15295:Telecommunications 14972:Liberal Revolution 14875:County of Portugal 14634:Vila Viçosa Palace 14564:Citadel of Cascais 14416:Forty Conspirators 14215:Portuguese Guiana 14179:Maranhão and Piauí 13827:Lapa and Montanha 13638:Portuguese Malacca 13524:Portuguese Ceylon 13478:(Portuguese India) 13316:(Portuguese India) 12947: • 12406:Sub-Saharan Africa 11937:. John Benjamins. 11063:MacQueen, Norrie. 10594:Davis, David Brion 10551:. Berghahn Books. 10540:2022-03-06 at the 10017:Velupillai, p. 519 9871:2015-10-16 at the 9611:"Battle of La Lys" 9426:, pp. 335–336 9351:, pp. 177–178 9300:, pp. 296–297 9288:, pp. 163–164 9255:, pp. 288–289 9243:, pp. 298–302 9130:, pp. 273–275 9118:, pp. 267–268 9091:, pp. 268–269 8837:Charles R. Boxer, 8526:, pp. 104–105 8326:, pp. 190–191 8314:, pp. 111–119 8220:, pp. 694–696 8088:, pp. 262–265 7965:, pp. 208–211 7905:, pp. 100–101 7805:2006-10-14 at the 7796:D. João de Castro 7748:, pp. 116–118 7746:Malekandathil 2010 7570:2022-12-13 at the 7353:The First Firangis 7295:, pp. 520–521 7259:, pp. 301–302 7133:, pp. 245–247 7121:, pp. 128–129 7106:, pp. 237–239 6957:, pp. 176–185 6481:Strait of Magellan 6456:Portuguese Armadas 6426:Edict of Expulsion 6322:Actual possessions 6104: 5920: 5909: 5729: 5692: 5684:St. Paul's College 5597:Napoleon Bonaparte 5593: 5582: 5492: 5422: 5387: 5284: 5276:Rainha de Portugal 5256: 5167: 5144:East India Company 5128: 5114:'s 1596 print of " 5067: 5040: 4964:Philip II of Spain 4960: 4856:France Antarctique 4821:Captaincy of Bahia 4764: 4705:Cape Breton Island 4661: 4592:, in charge of an 4582: 4574:St. Francis Xavier 4483: 4465:Sub-Saharan Africa 4398:Fort São Sebastião 4342: 4330: 4306:Portuguese Socotra 4258:Treaty of Zaragoza 4234: 4174: 4122:Dongshan Peninsula 4091:Rafael Perestrello 4086: 4005: 3921: 3909: 3872:Portuguese Malacca 3834:Códice Casanatense 3767: 3719: 3590: 3545: 3459: 3400: 3263: 3190: 3177:1490–†1530? (blue) 3073: 3013:The origin of the 2980:autonomous regions 2976:overseas provinces 2968:Azores and Madeira 2909:overseas provinces 2820:Philip II of Spain 2728:, governed by the 2703:Ultramar Português 2617:Angola (1914–1917) 2528:Angola (1774–1778) 2334:Malaysia (1640–41) 2274:East Africa (1632) 2194:Trincomalee (1622) 2164:Brazil (1612–1615) 1882:East Africa (1542) 1842:Brazil (1534–1536) 1787:East Africa (1528) 1702:East Africa (1517) 1627:East Africa (1507) 1607:East Africa (1505) 1136:Imperial expansion 1101:County of Portugal 1056:Visigothic Kingdom 1021:Prehistoric Iberia 569:Pre-colonial Timor 527:Sultanate of Kilwa 299:Sea route to India 17625:Portuguese Empire 17602: 17601: 17596: 17595: 17522:COVID-19 pandemic 17467:French Revolution 17442:Habsburg monarchy 17422:Cossack Hetmanate 17402:Portuguese Empire 17392:Absolute monarchy 17387:Thirty Years' War 17282:Holy Roman Empire 17207:Bulgarian Empire 17166:Early Middle Ages 17083:Bronze Age Europe 17057:History of Europe 17023: 17022: 16945: 16944: 16910:Polish–Lithuanian 16085:Gurjara-Pratihara 15529: 15528: 15489: 15488: 15313: 15312: 15229: 15228: 15216:Political parties 15169:Foreign relations 15136: 15135: 15098:Iberian Peninsula 15061: 15060: 14907:Treaty of Windsor 14762: 14761: 14704:Portuguese Cortes 14699:Portuguese Empire 14674:Kingdom of Brazil 14624:Santa Cruz Estate 14527: 14516:House of Braganza 14511:House of Habsburg 14366:Battle of Ourique 14306:Portuguese Empire 14296: 14295: 14249: 14248: 14243: 14242: 14236: 14235: 14184: 14183: 14143: 14142: 14110: 14109: 13980: 13979: 13974: 13973: 13965: 13964: 13919: 13918: 13859: 13858: 13842: 13841: 13835: 13834: 13817:Portuguese Macau 13809: 13808: 13762: 13761: 13732: 13731: 13601: 13600: 13595: 13594: 13588: 13587: 13573:Portuguese India 13565: 13564: 13550:Portuguese India 13542: 13541: 13505: 13504: 13468: 13467: 13306: 13305: 13160: 13159: 13150:Laccadive Islands 13112: 13111: 13106: 13105: 13099: 13098: 12996: 12995: 12817: 12816: 12807:Portuguese Angola 12800:Portuguese Guinea 12776: 12775: 12769: 12768: 12754:Portuguese Guinea 12738: 12737: 12704: 12703: 12659: 12658: 12629:Portuguese Angola 12528: 12527: 12523:Mascarene Islands 12387: 12386: 12381: 12380: 12374: 12373: 12270: 12269: 12238:1487–16th century 12144:Portuguese Empire 12052:Portuguese Empire 12047:Library resources 11944:978-1-85109-549-0 11925:978-1-85109-549-0 11904:978-1-135-36584-4 11876:978-0-684-83565-5 11853:978-1-118-27401-9 11832:978-0-313-39569-7 11621:978-1-85109-549-0 11454:978-0-8108-5955-5 11433:978-1-57607-771-9 11368:978-0-7546-6109-2 11326:978-0-253-34006-1 11299:978-0-292-70652-1 11278:978-0-292-71276-8 11257:978-81-207-0617-0 11171:978-1-57607-574-6 11033:978-0-7546-0720-5 10907:978-1-85109-441-7 10800:978-0-7391-5176-1 10737:978-0-7618-1520-4 10630:978-0-8166-0782-2 10558:978-1-78238-854-8 10508:. Cambria Press. 10494:978-3-447-05892-6 10431:978-0-8018-8754-3 10363:978-0-521-84644-8 10344:978-0-521-34927-7 10249:978-0-7546-6313-3 10221:978-1-61069-003-4 10179:978-81-317-3202-1 10077:978-1-60918-140-6 9947:de Almeida, p. 92 9654:978-1-934078-10-5 9403:978-1-4039-6255-3 9177:978-81-89422-31-8 8805:978-1-84383-073-3 8771:978-0-520-07723-2 8655:(December 2002). 8360:Russell-Wood 1968 8290:, pp. 255–56 8267:978-0-19-802631-0 7990:978-0-262-66072-3 7684:978-0-8264-6074-5 7478:978-0-7787-2493-3 7451:978-0-19-531391-8 7424:978-0-521-52403-2 7397:978-0-521-24333-9 7363:978-93-83064-91-5 7327:978-0-8108-6528-0 7143:Subrahmanyam 2012 6726:Russell-Wood 1998 6669:L.S. Stavrianos, 6120:Cantonese Chinese 6112:intergovernmental 6085:handover of Macau 6056:it until 1999. A 5933:enclaves in India 5895:Annexation of Goa 5694:At the height of 5656:Portuguese Guinea 5652:Portuguese Angola 5578:Portuguese Cortes 5540:French Revolution 5512:Marquis of Pombal 5187:São Jorge da Mina 5116:The Market of Goa 4999:Iberian peninsula 4836:Manuel da Nóbrega 4817:Bay of All Saints 4749:governor of India 4685:Miguel Corte-Real 4559:Kingdom of Mutapa 4421:Treaty of Bassein 4310:Portuguese Ceylon 4286:History of Kuwait 4230:Indian Christians 4195:Japanese pirating 4138:which they named 3948:Bijapur sultanate 3715:Portuguese Armada 3418:. Simultaneously 3380:, in present-day 3362:São Jorge da Mina 3360:decided to build 3216:Infante Dom Pedro 3065:Conquest of Ceuta 3049:Marinid Sultanate 3025:Iberian Peninsula 2957:mixed-race people 2789:Cape of Good Hope 2742:conquest of Ceuta 2685:Império Português 2677:Portuguese Empire 2672: 2671: 2585:Mozambique (1895) 2580:Mozambique (1895) 2404:Malabar (1658–63) 2299:Gold Coast (1637) 2239:Gold Coast (1625) 2127:India (1599–1600) 2027:Chaul (1570–1571) 1912:Insulindia (1545) 1767:Insulindia (1526) 1762:Insulindia (1525) 1757:Sumatra (1523–24) 1732:Insulindia (1521) 1592:India (1500–1513) 1545:Morocco (1463–64) 1472: 1471: 1345:COVID-19 pandemic 1277:Ditadura Nacional 1206:Transfer of Court 1191:House of Braganza 1151:Portuguese Empire 1096:Almoravid dynasty 1026:Pre-Roman Peoples 976: 975: 962: 961: 958: 957: 904:Dutch East Indies 728: 727: 709:Marinid Sultanate 639:Malacca Sultanate 597:Gujarat Sultanate 541:Kingdom of Maravi 513:Kingdom of Mutapa 429:Handover of Macau 286:Conquest of Ceuta 207:Manuel de Arriaga 111:Roman Catholicism 30:Império Português 25:Portuguese Empire 17732: 17660:Overseas empires 17620:Christian states 17457:Great Divergence 17372:Age of Discovery 17317:Late Middle Ages 17287:High Middle Ages 17198:Byzantine Empire 17181:Christianization 17171:Migration Period 17106:Classical Greece 17078:Neolithic Europe 17050: 17043: 17036: 17027: 17026: 16826: 16825: 16491:Austro-Hungarian 16191:Chagatai Khanate 15556: 15549: 15542: 15533: 15532: 15509: 15502: 15324: 15323: 15270: 15257:Economic history 15240: 15239: 15147: 15146: 15081: 15080: 15069: 14880:Treaty of Zamora 14813: 14812: 14789: 14782: 14775: 14766: 14765: 14619:São Jorge Castle 14525: 14488: 14371:Treaty of Zamora 14339: 14332: 14325: 14316: 14315: 14300: 14299: 14283:Portuguese India 14231: 14218: 14205: 14195: 14194: 14192: 14152: 14151: 14149: 14121: 14120: 14118: 14093: 14080: 14067: 14054: 14041: 14028: 14010: 14009: 14007: 13999: 13986: 13985: 13940: 13930: 13929: 13927: 13889: 13888: 13886: 13878: 13865: 13864: 13830: 13820: 13819: 13815: 13777: 13776: 13773:Portuguese Macau 13770: 13758: 13757: 13749:Portuguese Timor 13741: 13740: 13738: 13685: 13672: 13659: 13631: 13630: 13628: 13620: 13607: 13606: 13576: 13575: 13571: 13553: 13552: 13548: 13527: 13507: 13506: 13500: 13472: 13471: 13443: 13420: 13407: 13384: 13340: 13310: 13309: 13291: 13277: 13266: 13245: 13232: 13231:(Cochin de Cima) 13218: 13207: 13196: 13183: 13173: 13172: 13169:Portuguese India 13166: 13154: 13142: 13141: 13139: 13131: 13118: 13117: 13007: 13006: 13004: 12952: 12880: 12857: 12847: 12846: 12844: 12836: 12823: 12822: 12764:Portuguese Congo 12747: 12746: 12744: 12723: 12713: 12712: 12710: 12700: 12670: 12669: 12667: 12654: 12642: 12589: 12539: 12538: 12536: 12503: 12490: 12468: 12456: 12426: 12425: 12423: 12415: 12402: 12401: 12395: 12369: 12356: 12343: 12330: 12317: 12316:(Souira Guedima) 12304: 12291: 12281: 12280: 12278: 12255: 12232: 12209: 12196: 12176: 12175: 12173: 12165: 12152: 12151: 12137: 12130: 12123: 12114: 12113: 12035: 12014: 12003: 11987: 11976: 11974: 11972: 11948: 11929: 11908: 11887: 11885: 11883: 11868: 11857: 11836: 11815: 11794: 11773: 11752: 11740: 11729: 11727: 11726: 11707: 11686: 11665: 11646: 11625: 11604: 11582: 11563: 11542: 11526: 11509: 11490: 11488: 11487: 11458: 11437: 11416: 11395: 11383: 11372: 11351: 11330: 11314: 11303: 11282: 11261: 11240: 11219: 11207: 11196: 11175: 11154: 11133: 11122:. Primus Books. 11112: 11091: 11060: 11048: 11037: 11016: 11005:. American Map. 10995: 10974: 10953: 10932: 10911: 10890: 10866: 10864: 10863: 10834: 10822: 10804: 10783: 10762: 10751:. Edward Elger. 10741: 10720: 10699: 10683: 10672: 10653: 10634: 10613: 10589: 10573: 10562: 10522:Crowley, Roger. 10519: 10498: 10477: 10456: 10435: 10414: 10402: 10388: 10367: 10348: 10327: 10306: 10285: 10283: 10282: 10253: 10232: 10230: 10228: 10204: 10183: 10162: 10141: 10107: 10106: 10104: 10103: 10088: 10082: 10081: 10066:(2nd ed.). 10057: 10051: 10050: 10048: 10046: 10027: 10018: 10015: 10009: 10008: 10006: 10005: 9996:. Archived from 9990: 9984: 9979: 9973: 9972: 9970: 9969: 9954: 9948: 9945: 9939: 9938: 9936: 9934: 9913: 9907: 9906: 9904: 9902: 9887: 9881: 9863: 9857: 9856: 9854: 9853: 9838: 9832: 9831: 9829: 9827: 9812: 9806: 9805:, pp. 11–12 9800: 9794: 9793: 9791: 9789: 9773: 9767: 9757: 9751: 9750: 9748: 9747: 9709: 9703: 9697: 9688: 9683: 9677: 9672: 9666: 9665: 9663: 9661: 9638: 9632: 9625: 9619: 9618: 9617:on June 3, 2007. 9613:. Archived from 9607: 9601: 9600: 9598: 9597: 9582: 9576: 9575: 9563: 9557: 9551: 9545: 9544: 9542: 9540: 9525: 9519: 9518: 9474: 9468: 9467:, pp. 48–61 9462: 9456: 9450: 9439: 9433: 9427: 9421: 9415: 9414: 9412: 9410: 9387: 9381: 9380: 9378: 9376: 9358: 9352: 9346: 9340: 9337: 9331: 9328: 9322: 9316: 9310: 9307: 9301: 9295: 9289: 9283: 9277: 9274: 9268: 9262: 9256: 9250: 9244: 9238: 9232: 9231: 9229: 9219: 9195: 9189: 9188: 9186: 9184: 9161: 9155: 9149: 9143: 9137: 9131: 9125: 9119: 9113: 9104: 9098: 9092: 9086: 9077: 9071: 9065: 9060: 9054: 9049: 9043: 9032: 9026: 9020: 9014: 9011: 9005: 9004: 9002: 9000: 8977: 8971: 8964: 8958: 8951: 8945: 8944: 8942: 8941: 8918: 8912: 8911: 8909: 8908: 8885: 8879: 8873: 8867: 8860: 8854: 8848: 8842: 8835: 8829: 8823: 8817: 8816: 8814: 8812: 8789: 8783: 8782: 8780: 8778: 8759: 8749: 8743: 8741: 8731: 8725: 8724: 8714: 8708: 8702: 8696: 8695: 8689: 8688: 8649: 8643: 8642: 8640: 8639: 8623: 8617: 8611: 8602: 8596: 8590: 8584: 8578: 8572: 8566: 8560: 8554: 8548: 8539: 8533: 8527: 8521: 8515: 8509: 8503: 8497: 8488: 8482: 8476: 8470: 8464: 8458: 8452: 8449: 8443: 8442:, pp. 91–92 8437: 8428: 8422: 8411: 8405: 8399: 8393: 8384: 8381: 8375: 8369: 8363: 8357: 8351: 8345: 8339: 8333: 8327: 8321: 8315: 8309: 8303: 8297: 8291: 8285: 8279: 8278: 8276: 8274: 8251: 8245: 8239: 8233: 8227: 8221: 8215: 8209: 8203: 8197: 8191: 8182: 8181:, pp. 76–78 8176: 8170: 8164: 8158: 8157: 8145: 8134: 8131: 8125: 8119: 8113: 8107: 8101: 8095: 8089: 8083: 8077: 8076: 8055: 8049: 8048: 8030: 8024: 8018: 8012: 8001: 7995: 7994: 7982: 7972: 7966: 7960: 7954: 7948: 7942: 7939: 7933: 7927: 7918: 7912: 7906: 7900: 7894: 7888: 7879: 7878:Cohen, pp. 17–18 7876: 7870: 7864: 7858: 7855: 7849: 7846: 7840: 7837: 7831: 7828: 7822: 7819: 7810: 7794: 7788: 7787: 7767: 7761: 7755: 7749: 7743: 7737: 7736:, pp. 74–82 7731: 7722: 7716: 7710: 7707: 7701: 7695: 7689: 7688: 7666: 7660: 7654: 7648: 7642: 7636: 7630: 7619: 7613: 7607: 7606: 7604: 7603: 7588: 7582: 7561: 7555: 7554: 7552: 7551: 7540:www.china.org.cn 7532: 7526: 7525: 7523: 7522: 7507: 7501: 7498: 7492: 7489: 7483: 7482: 7462: 7456: 7455: 7435: 7429: 7428: 7408: 7402: 7401: 7383: 7377: 7374: 7368: 7367: 7347: 7341: 7338: 7332: 7331: 7311: 7305: 7302: 7296: 7290: 7284: 7278: 7272: 7266: 7260: 7254: 7248: 7242: 7233: 7227: 7221: 7215: 7209: 7203: 7197: 7191: 7182: 7181:, pp. 34–45 7176: 7170: 7164: 7158: 7152: 7146: 7145:, pp. 67–83 7140: 7134: 7128: 7122: 7116: 7107: 7101: 7095: 7089: 7083: 7077: 7071: 7065: 7059: 7056:Abeyasinghe 1986 7053: 7047: 7041: 7035: 7034: 7032: 7031: 7012: 7006: 7000: 6994: 6988: 6982: 6976: 6970: 6964: 6958: 6952: 6946: 6940: 6934: 6928: 6922: 6916: 6910: 6904: 6898: 6897:, pp. 73–75 6892: 6886: 6880: 6874: 6868: 6862: 6856: 6850: 6844: 6838: 6832: 6826: 6820: 6814: 6808: 6802: 6796: 6790: 6784: 6778: 6772: 6766: 6759: 6753: 6747: 6741: 6735: 6729: 6723: 6717: 6711: 6705: 6704: 6692: 6686: 6680: 6674: 6673:(1966) pp. 92–93 6667: 6661: 6655: 6649: 6643: 6637: 6631: 6625: 6619: 6610: 6604: 6598: 6592: 6586: 6580: 6571: 6565: 6556: 6555:, pp. 15–17 6550: 6544: 6538: 6532: 6526: 6520: 6514: 6508: 6502: 6436:Goan Inquisition 6399: 6376: 6356: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6300: 6279:standard Italian 6265:), an orange is 6223:), and Romanian 5944:Jawaharlal Nehru 5905:pluricontinental 5832:Battle of La Lys 5660:Portuguese Timor 5636:Empire of Brazil 5191:northeast Brazil 5137: 4984:Spanish Habsburg 4910:rather than the 4896:José de Anchieta 4801:Native Americans 4390:Muqrin ibn Zamil 4384:, defeating the 4290:History of Qatar 4242:Moluccas islands 4178:Simão de Andrade 4171:Portuguese Macau 4098:Battle of Tunmen 4032:João da Silveira 4024:Jorge de Meneses 4013:Duarte Fernandes 3990:Francisco Serrão 3986:Antonio de Abreu 3860:Portuguese Macao 3845: 3829: 3810: 3775:Mamlûk Sultanate 3723:Tristão da Cunha 3559:, also known as 3547:The squadron of 3539:'s departure to 3516:Portuguese India 3408:Great Fish River 3374:Kingdom of Kongo 3354:Battle of Guinea 3275:Álvaro Fernandes 3230:Romanus Pontifex 3182: 3172: 3166: 3152: 3120:capture of Ceuta 3041:Treaty of Ayllón 2917:indigenous élite 2879:Portuguese Macau 2875:Portuguese India 2867:Portuguese Timor 2761:Age of Discovery 2738:colonial empires 2732:, and later the 2715: 2705: 2695: 2690: 2652:Angola (1961–74) 2647:Africa (1961–74) 2612:Angola (1914–15) 2597:Angola (1902–04) 2560:Brazil (1821–25) 2511:Brazil (1762–63) 2384:Brazil (1652–54) 2339:Angola (1641–48) 2289:Arabia (1633–43) 2037:Mangalore (1571) 1952:Arabia (1552–54) 1510: 1508: 1498: 1491: 1484: 1475: 1474: 1464: 1457: 1450: 1436: 1435: 1434: 1413:Madeiran history 1349: 1341: 1337:Financial crisis 1256:1926 coup d'état 1129:Age of Discovery 1116:1383–1385 Crisis 1091:Gharb Al-Andalus 1006: 996: 978: 977: 954: 953: 940: 939: 926: 925: 912: 911: 898: 897: 884: 883: 870: 869: 856: 855: 842: 841: 828: 827: 814: 813: 800: 799: 786: 785: 772: 771: 758: 757: 744: 743: 732: 731: 723:Wattasid Dynasty 719: 718: 705: 704: 691: 690: 677: 676: 663: 662: 649: 648: 635: 634: 621: 620: 611:Kingdom of Kotte 607: 606: 593: 592: 579: 578: 565: 564: 551: 550: 537: 536: 523: 522: 509: 508: 499:Kingdom of Kongo 495: 494: 481: 480: 467: 466: 460: 459: 444: 443: 261:António Guterres 73: 57: 40: 32: 21: 20: 17740: 17739: 17735: 17734: 17733: 17731: 17730: 17729: 17605: 17604: 17603: 17598: 17597: 17592: 17531: 17497:Interwar period 17472:Napoleonic Wars 17336: 17307:Mongol invasion 17260:Crown of Aragon 17152: 17092: 17088:Iron Age Europe 17059: 17054: 17024: 17019: 17008:American Empire 16993: 16989:African empires 16941: 16824: 16516:Central African 16462: 16280:Romano-Germanic 15866: 15600:Middle Assyrian 15573: 15565: 15560: 15530: 15525: 15512: 15505: 15498: 15485: 15461:Public holidays 15405: 15309: 15268: 15225: 15189:Law enforcement 15132: 15070: 15057: 15026: 14942:Restoration War 14802: 14793: 14763: 14758: 14652: 14604:Ramalhão Palace 14554:Bemposta Palace 14536: 14530: 14489: 14480: 14461:Lisbon Regicide 14349: 14343: 14308: 14297: 14292: 14245: 14244: 14229: 14216: 14203: 14188: 14145: 14114: 14091: 14078: 14065: 14052: 14039: 14026: 14003: 13991: 13976: 13975: 13938: 13923: 13882: 13870: 13855: 13854: 13843: 13828: 13816: 13811: 13771: 13766: 13751: 13747: 13734: 13683: 13670: 13657: 13624: 13612: 13597: 13596: 13572: 13567: 13549: 13544: 13525: 13499:(Machilipatnam) 13498: 13441: 13418: 13405: 13382: 13371:Salsette Island 13342: 13338: 13337: 13289: 13279: 13275: 13274: 13268: 13264: 13263: 13243: 13230: 13220: 13216: 13215: 13209: 13205: 13204: 13194: 13181: 13167: 13162: 13156: 13152: 13151: 13135: 13123: 13108: 13107: 13000: 12942: 12878: 12855: 12840: 12828: 12813: 12812: 12809:from the 1920s. 12777: 12740: 12721: 12706: 12696: 12663: 12652: 12638: 12587: 12532: 12501: 12488: 12464: 12452: 12419: 12407: 12396: 12383: 12382: 12367: 12354: 12341: 12328: 12315: 12302: 12289: 12274: 12253: 12230: 12207: 12194: 12193:Alcácer Ceguer 12169: 12157: 12146: 12141: 12077: 12076: 12075: 12055: 12054: 12050: 12043: 12038: 12032: 12000: 11970: 11968: 11966: 11945: 11926: 11905: 11881: 11879: 11877: 11854: 11833: 11812: 11791: 11783:. I.B. Taurus. 11770: 11749: 11724: 11722: 11704: 11683: 11643: 11622: 11601: 11579: 11560: 11539: 11506: 11485: 11483: 11476: 11455: 11434: 11413: 11392: 11369: 11348: 11327: 11300: 11279: 11258: 11237: 11216: 11193: 11172: 11151: 11130: 11109: 11088: 11057: 11034: 11013: 10992: 10971: 10950: 10929: 10918:Philip of Spain 10908: 10884: 10861: 10859: 10852: 10831: 10807:Gupta, Pamila. 10801: 10780: 10759: 10738: 10717: 10696: 10669: 10650: 10631: 10610: 10586: 10559: 10542:Wayback Machine 10516: 10495: 10474: 10453: 10432: 10411: 10385: 10364: 10345: 10324: 10303: 10280: 10278: 10271: 10250: 10226: 10224: 10222: 10201: 10180: 10159: 10138: 10121: 10116: 10111: 10110: 10101: 10099: 10090: 10089: 10085: 10078: 10070:. p. 129. 10058: 10054: 10044: 10042: 10029: 10028: 10021: 10016: 10012: 10003: 10001: 9992: 9991: 9987: 9980: 9976: 9967: 9965: 9956: 9955: 9951: 9946: 9942: 9932: 9930: 9915: 9914: 9910: 9900: 9898: 9889: 9888: 9884: 9873:Wayback Machine 9864: 9860: 9851: 9849: 9840: 9839: 9835: 9825: 9823: 9814: 9813: 9809: 9801: 9797: 9787: 9785: 9774: 9770: 9758: 9754: 9745: 9743: 9736: 9710: 9706: 9698: 9691: 9684: 9680: 9673: 9669: 9659: 9657: 9655: 9639: 9635: 9626: 9622: 9609: 9608: 9604: 9595: 9593: 9584: 9583: 9579: 9564: 9560: 9552: 9548: 9538: 9536: 9533:The Independent 9527: 9526: 9522: 9475: 9471: 9463: 9459: 9451: 9442: 9434: 9430: 9422: 9418: 9408: 9406: 9404: 9388: 9384: 9374: 9372: 9359: 9355: 9347: 9343: 9338: 9334: 9329: 9325: 9317: 9313: 9308: 9304: 9296: 9292: 9284: 9280: 9275: 9271: 9263: 9259: 9251: 9247: 9239: 9235: 9196: 9192: 9182: 9180: 9178: 9162: 9158: 9150: 9146: 9138: 9134: 9126: 9122: 9114: 9107: 9099: 9095: 9087: 9080: 9072: 9068: 9061: 9057: 9050: 9046: 9033: 9029: 9021: 9017: 9012: 9008: 8998: 8996: 8994: 8978: 8974: 8965: 8961: 8952: 8948: 8939: 8937: 8935: 8919: 8915: 8906: 8904: 8902: 8886: 8882: 8874: 8870: 8861: 8857: 8849: 8845: 8836: 8832: 8824: 8820: 8810: 8808: 8806: 8790: 8786: 8776: 8774: 8772: 8750: 8746: 8732: 8728: 8715: 8711: 8703: 8699: 8686: 8684: 8650: 8646: 8637: 8635: 8624: 8620: 8612: 8605: 8597: 8593: 8585: 8581: 8573: 8569: 8561: 8557: 8549: 8542: 8534: 8530: 8522: 8518: 8510: 8506: 8498: 8491: 8483: 8479: 8471: 8467: 8459: 8455: 8450: 8446: 8438: 8431: 8423: 8414: 8406: 8402: 8394: 8387: 8382: 8378: 8370: 8366: 8358: 8354: 8346: 8342: 8334: 8330: 8322: 8318: 8310: 8306: 8298: 8294: 8286: 8282: 8272: 8270: 8268: 8252: 8248: 8240: 8236: 8228: 8224: 8216: 8212: 8204: 8200: 8192: 8185: 8177: 8173: 8165: 8161: 8151: 8146: 8137: 8132: 8128: 8120: 8116: 8108: 8104: 8096: 8092: 8084: 8080: 8070: 8056: 8052: 8045: 8031: 8027: 8019: 8015: 8002: 7998: 7991: 7973: 7969: 7961: 7957: 7949: 7945: 7941:Goodwin, p. 184 7940: 7936: 7928: 7921: 7913: 7909: 7901: 7897: 7889: 7882: 7877: 7873: 7865: 7861: 7856: 7852: 7847: 7843: 7838: 7834: 7829: 7825: 7820: 7813: 7807:Wayback Machine 7795: 7791: 7784: 7768: 7764: 7756: 7752: 7744: 7740: 7732: 7725: 7719:O'Flanagan 2008 7717: 7713: 7708: 7704: 7696: 7692: 7685: 7667: 7663: 7655: 7651: 7643: 7639: 7631: 7622: 7614: 7610: 7601: 7599: 7590: 7589: 7585: 7572:Wayback Machine 7562: 7558: 7549: 7547: 7534: 7533: 7529: 7520: 7518: 7509: 7508: 7504: 7499: 7495: 7490: 7486: 7479: 7463: 7459: 7452: 7436: 7432: 7425: 7409: 7405: 7398: 7384: 7380: 7375: 7371: 7364: 7348: 7344: 7339: 7335: 7328: 7312: 7308: 7303: 7299: 7291: 7287: 7279: 7275: 7267: 7263: 7255: 7251: 7243: 7236: 7228: 7224: 7216: 7212: 7204: 7200: 7192: 7185: 7177: 7173: 7165: 7161: 7153: 7149: 7141: 7137: 7129: 7125: 7117: 7110: 7102: 7098: 7090: 7086: 7078: 7074: 7066: 7062: 7054: 7050: 7042: 7038: 7029: 7027: 7014: 7013: 7009: 7001: 6997: 6989: 6985: 6977: 6973: 6965: 6961: 6953: 6949: 6941: 6937: 6929: 6925: 6917: 6913: 6905: 6901: 6893: 6889: 6881: 6877: 6869: 6865: 6857: 6853: 6845: 6841: 6833: 6829: 6821: 6817: 6809: 6805: 6797: 6793: 6785: 6781: 6773: 6769: 6761:Godinho, V. M. 6760: 6756: 6748: 6744: 6736: 6732: 6724: 6720: 6712: 6708: 6698: 6693: 6689: 6681: 6677: 6668: 6664: 6656: 6652: 6644: 6640: 6632: 6628: 6620: 6613: 6605: 6601: 6593: 6589: 6581: 6574: 6566: 6559: 6551: 6547: 6539: 6535: 6527: 6523: 6515: 6511: 6503: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6446:Lusotropicalism 6417: 6410: 6400: 6391: 6377: 6368: 6357: 6348: 6344: 6343: 6339: 6338: 6334: 6333: 6329: 6328: 6324: 6323: 6319: 6317: 6308: 6301: 6137:) are the only 6125:Currently, the 6106:Presently, the 6093: 5922:In the wake of 5897: 5881:Main articles: 5879: 5807:Kionga Triangle 5802: 5786:Main articles: 5784: 5721: 5676: 5662: 5646:Main articles: 5644: 5570: 5556: 5484: 5399: 5316:Shivappa Nayaka 5280:Portuguese Navy 5248: 5238: 5135: 5052:Seven Provinces 4956:Philip I and II 4944: 4938: 4922:Main articles: 4920: 4908:ouvidor general 4714: 4649: 4644: 4638: 4567: 4467: 4459:Sinai Peninsula 4378:António Correia 4323:Portuguese Fort 4316: 4302:Portuguese Oman 4270: 4262:Bruneian Empire 4210: 4204: 4167:Macau Peninsula 4158:to Ming China. 4126:Galeote Pereira 4082:Nagasaki, Japan 4074: 4056: 4054:China and Japan 4017:Kingdom of Siam 3978:Malay Peninsula 3917:Estado da Índia 3897: 3883: 3878: 3858:Main articles: 3856: 3849: 3846: 3837: 3830: 3821: 3811: 3669:St. Angelo Fort 3530: 3510:Main articles: 3508: 3465: 3439: 3420:Pêro da Covilhã 3404:Bartolomeu Dias 3204: 3195:Pêro da Covilhã 3188: 3180: 3178: 3170: 3168: 3164: 3162: 3155:Afonso de Paiva 3150: 3106: 3100: 3092:Main articles: 3090: 3011: 3005: 3000: 2894:António Salazar 2785:Bartolomeu Dias 2688: 2673: 2668: 2632:Timor (1942–43) 2550:China (1809–10) 2481:India (1729–32) 2349:India (1644–45) 2314:India (1638–39) 2244:Malaysia (1628) 2174:Malaysia (1615) 2154:Malaysia (1606) 2149:Malaysia (1606) 2102:Malaysia (1587) 2097:Malaysia (1586) 2057:Malaysia (1575) 2052:Malaysia (1574) 2047:Malaysia (1573) 2042:India (1570–75) 2022:Goa (1570–1571) 1962:Pakistan (1557) 1947:Malaysia (1551) 1927:Malaysia (1547) 1907:Ethiopia (1543) 1902:Ethiopia (1542) 1897:Ethiopia (1542) 1892:Ethiopia (1542) 1887:Ethiopia (1542) 1877:Ethiopia (1542) 1872:Ethiopia (1541) 1837:Moluccas (1536) 1832:Malaysia (1536) 1827:Malaysia (1535) 1817:Malaysia (1534) 1752:Malaysia (1523) 1712:Malaysia (1520) 1667:Malaysia (1511) 1511: 1506: 1504: 1502: 1468: 1432: 1430: 1418: 1417: 1408:Azorean history 1403: 1393: 1392: 1363: 1353: 1352: 1347: 1339: 1310: 1300: 1299: 1271: 1269:Second Republic 1261: 1260: 1236: 1226: 1225: 1221:1910 Revolution 1186:Restoration War 1181: 1171: 1170: 1131: 1121: 1120: 1076: 1066: 1065: 1016: 994: 987: 951: 937: 923: 909: 895: 881: 867: 853: 839: 825: 811: 797: 783: 769: 755: 741: 716: 702: 688: 674: 660: 646: 632: 618: 604: 590: 576: 562: 548: 534: 520: 506: 492: 478: 464: 431: 418: 405: 392: 379: 366: 353: 340: 327: 314: 312:Colonial Brazil 301: 288: 257: 245: 230:Prime Ministers 215: 203: 173: 161: 140: 88: 76: 64: 63: 58: 41: 34: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 17738: 17728: 17727: 17722: 17717: 17712: 17707: 17702: 17697: 17692: 17687: 17682: 17677: 17672: 17667: 17662: 17657: 17652: 17647: 17642: 17637: 17632: 17630:Former empires 17627: 17622: 17617: 17600: 17599: 17594: 17593: 17591: 17590: 17585: 17580: 17575: 17570: 17565: 17560: 17555: 17550: 17545: 17539: 17537: 17533: 17532: 17530: 17529: 17524: 17519: 17514: 17509: 17504: 17499: 17494: 17489: 17484: 17479: 17474: 17469: 17464: 17459: 17454: 17449: 17447:Russian Empire 17444: 17439: 17437:British Empire 17434: 17432:Dutch Republic 17429: 17427:Swedish Empire 17424: 17419: 17414: 17409: 17407:Spanish Empire 17404: 17399: 17397:Ottoman Empire 17394: 17389: 17384: 17379: 17374: 17369: 17368: 17367: 17357: 17352: 17346: 17344: 17338: 17337: 17335: 17334: 17329: 17324: 17319: 17314: 17312:Serbian Empire 17309: 17304: 17299: 17294: 17289: 17284: 17279: 17257: 17252: 17247: 17246: 17245: 17240: 17235: 17230: 17220: 17219: 17218: 17213: 17205: 17200: 17195: 17190: 17185: 17184: 17183: 17173: 17168: 17162: 17160: 17154: 17153: 17151: 17150: 17148:Late antiquity 17145: 17140: 17135: 17134: 17133: 17123: 17118: 17113: 17111:Roman Republic 17108: 17102: 17100: 17094: 17093: 17091: 17090: 17085: 17080: 17075: 17069: 17067: 17061: 17060: 17053: 17052: 17045: 17038: 17030: 17021: 17020: 17018: 17017: 17016: 17015: 17010: 17001: 16999: 16995: 16994: 16992: 16991: 16986: 16981: 16976: 16971: 16966: 16965: 16964: 16953: 16951: 16947: 16946: 16943: 16942: 16940: 16939: 16934: 16929: 16924: 16919: 16918: 16917: 16907: 16902: 16897: 16892: 16887: 16882: 16877: 16872: 16867: 16862: 16861: 16860: 16855: 16845: 16840: 16834: 16832: 16823: 16822: 16821: 16820: 16815: 16810: 16805: 16800: 16790: 16785: 16784: 16783: 16773: 16768: 16767: 16766: 16761: 16756: 16746: 16741: 16740: 16739: 16734: 16724: 16723: 16722: 16717: 16712: 16707: 16702: 16692: 16691: 16690: 16685: 16675: 16670: 16665: 16660: 16659: 16658: 16653: 16648: 16643: 16638: 16628: 16627: 16626: 16621: 16611: 16606: 16605: 16604: 16599: 16589: 16588: 16587: 16582: 16572: 16571: 16570: 16565: 16555: 16550: 16549: 16548: 16543: 16538: 16533: 16528: 16518: 16513: 16512: 16511: 16506: 16498: 16493: 16488: 16483: 16478: 16472: 16470: 16464: 16463: 16461: 16460: 16455: 16450: 16445: 16444: 16443: 16438: 16433: 16428: 16423: 16418: 16413: 16403: 16398: 16397: 16396: 16391: 16386: 16381: 16376: 16371: 16361: 16360: 16359: 16354: 16349: 16344: 16334: 16329: 16324: 16319: 16314: 16309: 16304: 16299: 16294: 16293: 16292: 16287: 16277: 16276: 16275: 16270: 16265: 16260: 16255: 16250: 16237: 16232: 16227: 16222: 16221: 16220: 16215: 16210: 16200: 16199: 16198: 16193: 16188: 16183: 16173: 16168: 16163: 16158: 16153: 16148: 16147: 16146: 16141: 16136: 16131: 16121: 16120: 16119: 16114: 16109: 16104: 16094: 16093: 16092: 16087: 16082: 16072: 16067: 16062: 16057: 16052: 16051: 16050: 16045: 16040: 16030: 16025: 16024: 16023: 16018: 16013: 16008: 16003: 15998: 15988: 15987: 15986: 15981: 15971: 15970: 15969: 15964: 15959: 15954: 15944: 15939: 15938: 15937: 15927: 15926: 15925: 15920: 15912: 15907: 15902: 15897: 15892: 15887: 15882: 15876: 15874: 15872:Post-classical 15868: 15867: 15865: 15864: 15863: 15862: 15852: 15847: 15846: 15845: 15840: 15830: 15829: 15828: 15818: 15817: 15816: 15811: 15806: 15801: 15796: 15791: 15781: 15776: 15771: 15770: 15769: 15764: 15759: 15754: 15744: 15743: 15742: 15737: 15727: 15722: 15721: 15720: 15715: 15710: 15705: 15700: 15690: 15685: 15680: 15679: 15678: 15673: 15671:Middle Kingdom 15668: 15658: 15653: 15652: 15651: 15646: 15641: 15631: 15630: 15629: 15627:Neo-Babylonian 15624: 15619: 15617:Old Babylonian 15609: 15608: 15607: 15602: 15592: 15587: 15581: 15579: 15567: 15566: 15559: 15558: 15551: 15544: 15536: 15527: 15526: 15524: 15523: 15518: 15511: 15510: 15503: 15495: 15494: 15491: 15490: 15487: 15486: 15484: 15483: 15478: 15473: 15468: 15463: 15458: 15453: 15448: 15443: 15438: 15437: 15436: 15426: 15421: 15415: 15413: 15407: 15406: 15404: 15403: 15398: 15393: 15388: 15383: 15378: 15373: 15368: 15363: 15358: 15353: 15348: 15343: 15338: 15333: 15327: 15321: 15315: 15314: 15311: 15310: 15308: 15307: 15302: 15297: 15292: 15290:Stock Exchange 15287: 15282: 15277: 15272: 15264: 15259: 15254: 15249: 15243: 15237: 15231: 15230: 15227: 15226: 15224: 15223: 15218: 15213: 15208: 15203: 15202: 15201: 15191: 15186: 15181: 15176: 15171: 15166: 15161: 15156: 15150: 15144: 15138: 15137: 15134: 15133: 15131: 15130: 15125: 15120: 15115: 15110: 15105: 15100: 15095: 15090: 15084: 15078: 15072: 15071: 15064: 15062: 15059: 15058: 15056: 15055: 15050: 15045: 15040: 15034: 15032: 15028: 15027: 15025: 15024: 15022:Third Republic 15019: 15014: 15009: 15004: 14999: 14994: 14992:First Republic 14989: 14984: 14979: 14974: 14969: 14964: 14962:Peninsular War 14959: 14954: 14949: 14944: 14939: 14934: 14929: 14924: 14919: 14914: 14909: 14904: 14899: 14894: 14889: 14882: 14877: 14872: 14867: 14862: 14857: 14852: 14847: 14842: 14837: 14832: 14827: 14821: 14819: 14810: 14804: 14803: 14792: 14791: 14784: 14777: 14769: 14760: 14759: 14757: 14756: 14751: 14746: 14741: 14736: 14731: 14726: 14721: 14716: 14711: 14706: 14701: 14696: 14691: 14686: 14681: 14676: 14671: 14666: 14660: 14658: 14654: 14653: 14651: 14650: 14643: 14636: 14631: 14626: 14621: 14616: 14611: 14609:Ribeira Palace 14606: 14601: 14596: 14591: 14586: 14581: 14576: 14571: 14566: 14561: 14556: 14551: 14546: 14540: 14538: 14532: 14531: 14529: 14528: 14518: 14513: 14508: 14503: 14497: 14495: 14491: 14490: 14483: 14481: 14479: 14478: 14473: 14468: 14463: 14458: 14453: 14448: 14443: 14438: 14433: 14428: 14423: 14418: 14413: 14408: 14403: 14398: 14393: 14388: 14383: 14381:1383–85 Crisis 14378: 14373: 14368: 14363: 14357: 14355: 14351: 14350: 14342: 14341: 14334: 14327: 14319: 14313: 14310: 14309: 14294: 14293: 14291: 14290: 14285: 14280: 14275: 14270: 14265: 14260: 14254: 14251: 14250: 14247: 14246: 14241: 14240: 14234: 14233: 14225: 14221: 14220: 14212: 14208: 14207: 14199: 14185: 14182: 14181: 14176: 14172: 14171: 14166: 14162: 14161: 14156: 14141: 14140: 14135: 14131: 14130: 14125: 14111: 14108: 14107: 14102: 14098: 14097: 14089: 14085: 14084: 14076: 14072: 14071: 14069:Rio de Janeiro 14063: 14059: 14058: 14050: 14046: 14045: 14037: 14033: 14032: 14024: 14020: 14019: 14014: 13997: 13996: 13993: 13992: 13982: 13981: 13978: 13977: 13972: 13971: 13966: 13963: 13962: 13957: 13953: 13952: 13947: 13943: 13942: 13939:(Newfoundland) 13934: 13920: 13917: 13916: 13907: 13903: 13902: 13893: 13876: 13875: 13872: 13871: 13861: 13860: 13857: 13856: 13853: 13852: 13844: 13840: 13839: 13833: 13832: 13824: 13807: 13806: 13801: 13797: 13796: 13791: 13787: 13786: 13781: 13763: 13760: 13759: 13745: 13730: 13729: 13724: 13720: 13719: 13714: 13710: 13709: 13704: 13700: 13699: 13694: 13690: 13689: 13681: 13677: 13676: 13668: 13664: 13663: 13655: 13651: 13650: 13645: 13641: 13640: 13635: 13618: 13617: 13614: 13613: 13603: 13602: 13599: 13598: 13593: 13592: 13586: 13585: 13580: 13563: 13562: 13557: 13540: 13539: 13534: 13530: 13529: 13521: 13517: 13516: 13511: 13503: 13502: 13494: 13490: 13489: 13484: 13480: 13479: 13476: 13469: 13466: 13465: 13460: 13456: 13455: 13450: 13446: 13445: 13437: 13433: 13432: 13427: 13423: 13422: 13414: 13410: 13409: 13401: 13397: 13396: 13391: 13387: 13386: 13378: 13374: 13373: 13368: 13364: 13363: 13358: 13354: 13353: 13348: 13344: 13343: 13334: 13332: 13328: 13327: 13322: 13318: 13317: 13314: 13307: 13304: 13303: 13298: 13294: 13293: 13285: 13281: 13280: 13271: 13269: 13261: 13258: 13257: 13252: 13248: 13247: 13239: 13235: 13234: 13226: 13222: 13221: 13212: 13210: 13202: 13199: 13198: 13190: 13186: 13185: 13177: 13158: 13157: 13148: 13146: 13129: 13128: 13125: 13124: 13114: 13113: 13110: 13109: 13104: 13103: 13097: 13096: 13091: 13087: 13086: 13081: 13077: 13076: 13071: 13067: 13066: 13061: 13057: 13056: 13051: 13047: 13046: 13041: 13037: 13036: 13031: 13027: 13026: 13021: 13017: 13016: 13011: 12997: 12994: 12993: 12988: 12984: 12983: 12978: 12974: 12973: 12968: 12964: 12963: 12958: 12954: 12953: 12937: 12933: 12932: 12927: 12923: 12922: 12917: 12913: 12912: 12907: 12903: 12902: 12897: 12893: 12892: 12887: 12883: 12882: 12874: 12870: 12869: 12864: 12860: 12859: 12856:(Bandar Abbas) 12851: 12834: 12833: 12830: 12829: 12819: 12818: 12815: 12814: 12811: 12810: 12803: 12796: 12789: 12786: 12778: 12774: 12773: 12767: 12766: 12761: 12757: 12756: 12751: 12736: 12735: 12730: 12726: 12725: 12717: 12702: 12701: 12694: 12690: 12689: 12684: 12680: 12679: 12674: 12660: 12657: 12656: 12648: 12644: 12643: 12636: 12632: 12631: 12626: 12622: 12621: 12616: 12612: 12611: 12606: 12602: 12601: 12596: 12592: 12591: 12583: 12579: 12578: 12573: 12569: 12568: 12563: 12559: 12558: 12553: 12549: 12548: 12543: 12529: 12526: 12525: 12520: 12516: 12515: 12510: 12506: 12505: 12497: 12493: 12492: 12484: 12480: 12479: 12474: 12470: 12469: 12462: 12458: 12457: 12450: 12446: 12445: 12440: 12436: 12435: 12430: 12413: 12412: 12409: 12408: 12398: 12397: 12390: 12388: 12385: 12384: 12379: 12378: 12372: 12371: 12363: 12359: 12358: 12350: 12346: 12345: 12337: 12333: 12332: 12324: 12320: 12319: 12311: 12307: 12306: 12298: 12294: 12293: 12285: 12271: 12268: 12267: 12262: 12258: 12257: 12249: 12245: 12244: 12239: 12235: 12234: 12226: 12222: 12221: 12216: 12212: 12211: 12203: 12199: 12198: 12190: 12186: 12185: 12180: 12163: 12162: 12159: 12158: 12148: 12147: 12140: 12139: 12132: 12125: 12117: 12111: 12110: 12103: 12098: 12096:Thomas Kitchin 12089: 12083: 12074: 12073: 12068: 12063: 12057: 12056: 12045: 12044: 12042: 12041:External links 12039: 12037: 12036: 12030: 12015: 12004: 11998: 11977: 11964: 11949: 11943: 11930: 11924: 11909: 11903: 11888: 11875: 11858: 11852: 11837: 11831: 11816: 11810: 11795: 11790:978-1845115852 11789: 11774: 11769:978-8170228486 11768: 11753: 11748:978-0520021952 11747: 11730: 11708: 11702: 11687: 11681: 11666: 11647: 11641: 11626: 11620: 11605: 11599: 11586: 11583: 11577: 11564: 11558: 11543: 11538:978-0520028098 11537: 11516: 11513:Panikkar, K.M. 11510: 11505:978-1107640764 11504: 11491: 11474: 11459: 11453: 11438: 11432: 11417: 11411: 11396: 11391:978-0231031592 11390: 11373: 11367: 11352: 11346: 11331: 11325: 11304: 11298: 11283: 11277: 11262: 11256: 11241: 11236:978-8170990468 11235: 11220: 11214: 11197: 11192:978-1598841008 11191: 11176: 11170: 11155: 11149: 11134: 11129:978-9380607016 11128: 11113: 11107: 11092: 11086: 11071: 11061: 11055: 11038: 11032: 11017: 11011: 10996: 10990: 10975: 10970:978-0415215404 10969: 10954: 10948: 10933: 10927: 10912: 10906: 10891: 10882: 10873:Historic Macao 10867: 10850: 10835: 10829: 10812: 10805: 10799: 10784: 10779:978-0700712205 10778: 10763: 10758:978-0857934260 10757: 10742: 10736: 10721: 10715: 10700: 10695:978-0816607884 10694: 10673: 10668:978-0521738224 10667: 10654: 10649:978-0521843188 10648: 10635: 10629: 10614: 10608: 10590: 10584: 10563: 10557: 10544: 10527: 10520: 10514: 10499: 10493: 10478: 10472: 10457: 10452:978-9004297203 10451: 10436: 10430: 10415: 10409: 10403:. Hutchinson. 10389: 10383: 10368: 10362: 10349: 10343: 10328: 10323:978-1405183680 10322: 10307: 10301: 10286: 10269: 10254: 10248: 10233: 10220: 10205: 10199: 10184: 10178: 10163: 10158:978-0714631646 10157: 10142: 10137:978-9555520003 10136: 10122: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10112: 10109: 10108: 10083: 10076: 10068:Guilford Press 10052: 10019: 10010: 9985: 9974: 9949: 9940: 9908: 9882: 9858: 9833: 9807: 9795: 9768: 9766:(July 7, 1975) 9752: 9734: 9704: 9689: 9678: 9667: 9653: 9633: 9620: 9602: 9577: 9558: 9546: 9535:. Oct 26, 1914 9520: 9469: 9457: 9440: 9428: 9416: 9402: 9382: 9353: 9341: 9332: 9323: 9311: 9302: 9290: 9278: 9269: 9257: 9245: 9233: 9190: 9176: 9156: 9144: 9132: 9120: 9105: 9093: 9078: 9066: 9055: 9044: 9027: 9015: 9006: 8992: 8972: 8959: 8946: 8934:978-0700712205 8933: 8913: 8901:978-0313262579 8900: 8880: 8868: 8855: 8843: 8830: 8818: 8804: 8784: 8770: 8744: 8726: 8709: 8697: 8644: 8618: 8603: 8591: 8579: 8567: 8555: 8540: 8528: 8516: 8512:Gallagher 1982 8504: 8489: 8477: 8465: 8453: 8444: 8429: 8412: 8400: 8385: 8376: 8364: 8352: 8340: 8328: 8316: 8304: 8292: 8280: 8266: 8246: 8234: 8222: 8210: 8198: 8183: 8171: 8159: 8135: 8126: 8114: 8102: 8090: 8078: 8068: 8050: 8043: 8025: 8013: 7996: 7989: 7967: 7955: 7943: 7934: 7930:Stapleton 2013 7919: 7907: 7895: 7880: 7871: 7867:Stapleton 2013 7859: 7850: 7841: 7832: 7823: 7811: 7789: 7782: 7762: 7750: 7738: 7723: 7711: 7702: 7700:, p. 1340 7690: 7683: 7677:. p. 35. 7661: 7649: 7637: 7620: 7608: 7583: 7556: 7527: 7502: 7493: 7484: 7477: 7457: 7450: 7430: 7423: 7403: 7396: 7378: 7369: 7362: 7342: 7333: 7326: 7306: 7297: 7285: 7273: 7261: 7257:Gipouloux 2011 7249: 7234: 7222: 7210: 7198: 7183: 7171: 7159: 7147: 7135: 7123: 7108: 7096: 7092:Macmillan 2000 7084: 7072: 7060: 7048: 7036: 7020:Kerala Tourism 7007: 6995: 6991:McAlister 1984 6983: 6979:McAlister 1984 6971: 6959: 6947: 6935: 6923: 6911: 6899: 6895:McAlister 1984 6887: 6875: 6863: 6851: 6849:, p. 161. 6839: 6827: 6815: 6803: 6791: 6779: 6767: 6754: 6742: 6738:Rodriguez 2007 6730: 6718: 6706: 6687: 6675: 6662: 6650: 6638: 6626: 6611: 6599: 6587: 6572: 6557: 6545: 6533: 6521: 6509: 6496: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6484: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6416: 6413: 6412: 6411: 6401: 6394: 6392: 6378: 6371: 6369: 6358: 6351: 6349: 6318: 6311: 6309: 6302: 6295: 6207:), Macedonian 6135:Savage Islands 6092: 6089: 6052:, which later 6027:Civil wars in 5878: 5875: 5840:uti possidetis 5783: 5780: 5720: 5717: 5682:The façade of 5643: 5640: 5555: 5552: 5544:"second Haiti" 5483: 5480: 5438:46%) in 1760. 5398: 5395: 5312:Maratha Empire 5265:Salvador de Sá 5237: 5234: 5216:would capture 5086:war with Spain 5044:Dutch Republic 5037:Dutch Republic 4962:In 1580, King 4919: 4916: 4904:Rio de Janeiro 4880:Flamengo Beach 4786:João de Barros 4779:islands. Each 4718:Gonçalo Coelho 4713: 4710: 4648: 4645: 4640:Main article: 4637: 4634: 4586:Francis Xavier 4566: 4563: 4492:Adal Sultanate 4479:Theodor de Bry 4466: 4463: 4350:Ottoman Empire 4340:(16th century) 4269: 4266: 4206:Main article: 4203: 4200: 4055: 4052: 3882: 3879: 3864:History of Goa 3855: 3852: 3851: 3850: 3847: 3840: 3838: 3831: 3824: 3822: 3812: 3805: 3693:Jaffna kingdom 3594:ruler of Kochi 3507: 3504: 3461:Main article: 3438: 3435: 3326:Gulf of Guinea 3300:and (largely) 3283:Gulf of Guinea 3203: 3200: 3179: 3169: 3163: 3149: 3089: 3086: 3007:Main article: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2992:British Empire 2836:Dutch Republic 2828:historiography 2791:, and in 1498 2670: 2669: 2667: 2666: 2665: 2664: 2659: 2654: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2619: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2593: 2592: 2588: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2541: 2540: 2536: 2535: 2530: 2525: 2523:Morocco (1769) 2520: 2519: 2518: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2457: 2456: 2452: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2431: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2386: 2381: 2376: 2371: 2366: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2329:Morocco (1640) 2326: 2321: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2296: 2291: 2286: 2281: 2276: 2271: 2266: 2261: 2256: 2251: 2249:Malacca (1629) 2246: 2241: 2236: 2231: 2226: 2221: 2216: 2211: 2206: 2201: 2196: 2191: 2186: 2181: 2176: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2156: 2151: 2146: 2144:Sumatra (1606) 2141: 2135: 2134: 2130: 2129: 2124: 2119: 2117:Senegal (1589) 2114: 2112:Mombasa (1589) 2109: 2104: 2099: 2094: 2089: 2084: 2079: 2074: 2069: 2064: 2062:Morocco (1578) 2059: 2054: 2049: 2044: 2039: 2034: 2032:Honavar (1571) 2029: 2024: 2019: 2017:Sumatra (1569) 2014: 2012:Malacca (1568) 2009: 2004: 1999: 1997:Morocco (1564) 1994: 1992:Morocco (1562) 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1867:Red Sea (1541) 1864: 1862:Red Sea (1541) 1859: 1857:Red Sea (1541) 1854: 1852:Red Sea (1541) 1849: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1819: 1814: 1809: 1807:Morocco (1533) 1804: 1799: 1794: 1789: 1784: 1782:Sumatra (1528) 1779: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1742:Sumatra (1522) 1739: 1734: 1729: 1727:Bahrain (1521) 1724: 1722:Sumatra (1521) 1719: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1697:Morocco (1516) 1694: 1692:Morocco (1515) 1689: 1687:Morocco (1515) 1684: 1682:Morocco (1514) 1679: 1677:Morocco (1514) 1674: 1672:Morocco (1513) 1669: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1639: 1637:Socotra (1507) 1634: 1629: 1624: 1619: 1614: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1597:Algeria (1501) 1594: 1588: 1587: 1583: 1582: 1580:Morocco (1490) 1577: 1575:Morocco (1489) 1572: 1570:Morocco (1487) 1567: 1562: 1560:Morocco (1471) 1557: 1555:Morocco (1471) 1552: 1550:Morocco (1468) 1547: 1542: 1540:Morocco (1458) 1537: 1535:Morocco (1437) 1532: 1530:Morocco (1419) 1527: 1525:Morocco (1415) 1521: 1520: 1516: 1513: 1512: 1501: 1500: 1493: 1486: 1478: 1470: 1469: 1467: 1466: 1459: 1452: 1444: 1441: 1440: 1427: 1426: 1420: 1419: 1416: 1415: 1410: 1404: 1399: 1398: 1395: 1394: 1364: 1359: 1358: 1355: 1354: 1351: 1350: 1342: 1334: 1332:Third Republic 1329: 1324: 1317: 1311: 1308:Third Republic 1306: 1305: 1302: 1301: 1298: 1297: 1292: 1285: 1280: 1272: 1267: 1266: 1263: 1262: 1259: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1241:First Republic 1237: 1234:First Republic 1232: 1231: 1228: 1227: 1224: 1223: 1218: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1182: 1177: 1176: 1173: 1172: 1169: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1132: 1127: 1126: 1123: 1122: 1119: 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1077: 1072: 1071: 1068: 1067: 1064: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1051:Suebic Kingdom 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1017: 1012: 1011: 1008: 1007: 999: 998: 989: 988: 981: 974: 973: 968: 964: 963: 960: 959: 956: 955: 948: 942: 941: 934: 932:Spanish Guinea 928: 927: 920: 914: 913: 906: 900: 899: 892: 886: 885: 878: 872: 871: 864: 858: 857: 850: 844: 843: 836: 830: 829: 822: 816: 815: 808: 802: 801: 794: 788: 787: 780: 774: 773: 766: 760: 759: 752: 746: 745: 738: 729: 726: 725: 720: 712: 711: 706: 698: 697: 692: 684: 683: 678: 670: 669: 664: 656: 655: 650: 642: 641: 636: 628: 627: 625:Jaffna Kingdom 622: 614: 613: 608: 600: 599: 594: 586: 585: 580: 572: 571: 566: 558: 557: 552: 544: 543: 538: 530: 529: 524: 516: 515: 510: 502: 501: 496: 488: 487: 482: 474: 473: 468: 456: 455: 450: 440: 439: 436: 435: 432: 426: 423: 422: 419: 413: 410: 409: 406: 400: 397: 396: 393: 387: 384: 383: 380: 374: 371: 370: 367: 361: 358: 357: 354: 348: 345: 344: 341: 335: 332: 331: 328: 322: 319: 318: 315: 309: 306: 305: 302: 296: 293: 292: 289: 283: 280: 279: 276: 275: 272: 268: 267: 264: 263: 258: 255: 252: 251: 246: 243: 240: 239: 236: 235: 232: 226: 225: 222: 221: 216: 213: 210: 209: 204: 201: 198: 197: 194: 193: 190: 184: 183: 180: 179: 174: 171: 168: 167: 162: 159: 156: 155: 152: 151: 148: 142: 141: 139: 138: 132: 125: 123: 119: 118: 108: 104: 103: 98: 94: 93: 90:Rio de Janeiro 82: 78: 77: 74: 66: 65: 59: 52: 51: 48: 47: 43: 42: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 17737: 17726: 17723: 17721: 17718: 17716: 17713: 17711: 17708: 17706: 17703: 17701: 17698: 17696: 17693: 17691: 17688: 17686: 17683: 17681: 17678: 17676: 17673: 17671: 17668: 17666: 17663: 17661: 17658: 17656: 17653: 17651: 17648: 17646: 17643: 17641: 17638: 17636: 17633: 17631: 17628: 17626: 17623: 17621: 17618: 17616: 17613: 17612: 17610: 17589: 17586: 17584: 17581: 17579: 17576: 17574: 17571: 17569: 17566: 17564: 17561: 17559: 17556: 17554: 17551: 17549: 17546: 17544: 17543:Art of Europe 17541: 17540: 17538: 17534: 17528: 17525: 17523: 17520: 17518: 17515: 17513: 17510: 17508: 17505: 17503: 17500: 17498: 17495: 17493: 17490: 17488: 17485: 17483: 17480: 17478: 17475: 17473: 17470: 17468: 17465: 17463: 17460: 17458: 17455: 17453: 17450: 17448: 17445: 17443: 17440: 17438: 17435: 17433: 17430: 17428: 17425: 17423: 17420: 17418: 17415: 17413: 17410: 17408: 17405: 17403: 17400: 17398: 17395: 17393: 17390: 17388: 17385: 17383: 17380: 17378: 17375: 17373: 17370: 17366: 17363: 17362: 17361: 17358: 17356: 17353: 17351: 17348: 17347: 17345: 17343: 17342:Modern period 17339: 17333: 17330: 17328: 17325: 17323: 17320: 17318: 17315: 17313: 17310: 17308: 17305: 17303: 17300: 17298: 17295: 17293: 17290: 17288: 17285: 17283: 17280: 17277: 17273: 17269: 17265: 17261: 17258: 17256: 17253: 17251: 17248: 17244: 17241: 17239: 17236: 17234: 17231: 17229: 17226: 17225: 17224: 17221: 17217: 17214: 17212: 17209: 17208: 17206: 17204: 17201: 17199: 17196: 17194: 17191: 17189: 17186: 17182: 17179: 17178: 17177: 17174: 17172: 17169: 17167: 17164: 17163: 17161: 17159: 17155: 17149: 17146: 17144: 17141: 17139: 17136: 17132: 17129: 17128: 17127: 17124: 17122: 17119: 17117: 17114: 17112: 17109: 17107: 17104: 17103: 17101: 17099: 17095: 17089: 17086: 17084: 17081: 17079: 17076: 17074: 17071: 17070: 17068: 17066: 17062: 17058: 17051: 17046: 17044: 17039: 17037: 17032: 17031: 17028: 17014: 17013:Soviet empire 17011: 17009: 17006: 17005: 17003: 17002: 17000: 16998:Miscellaneous 16996: 16990: 16987: 16985: 16982: 16980: 16977: 16975: 16972: 16970: 16967: 16963: 16960: 16959: 16958: 16955: 16954: 16952: 16948: 16938: 16935: 16933: 16930: 16928: 16925: 16923: 16920: 16916: 16913: 16912: 16911: 16908: 16906: 16903: 16901: 16898: 16896: 16893: 16891: 16888: 16886: 16883: 16881: 16878: 16876: 16873: 16871: 16868: 16866: 16863: 16859: 16856: 16854: 16851: 16850: 16849: 16846: 16844: 16841: 16839: 16836: 16835: 16833: 16831: 16827: 16819: 16816: 16814: 16811: 16809: 16806: 16804: 16801: 16799: 16796: 16795: 16794: 16791: 16789: 16786: 16782: 16779: 16778: 16777: 16774: 16772: 16769: 16765: 16762: 16760: 16757: 16755: 16752: 16751: 16750: 16747: 16745: 16742: 16738: 16735: 16733: 16730: 16729: 16728: 16725: 16721: 16718: 16716: 16713: 16711: 16708: 16706: 16703: 16701: 16698: 16697: 16696: 16693: 16689: 16686: 16684: 16681: 16680: 16679: 16676: 16674: 16671: 16669: 16666: 16664: 16661: 16657: 16654: 16652: 16649: 16647: 16644: 16642: 16639: 16637: 16634: 16633: 16632: 16629: 16625: 16622: 16620: 16617: 16616: 16615: 16612: 16610: 16607: 16603: 16600: 16598: 16597:German Empire 16595: 16594: 16593: 16590: 16586: 16583: 16581: 16578: 16577: 16576: 16573: 16569: 16566: 16564: 16561: 16560: 16559: 16556: 16554: 16551: 16547: 16544: 16542: 16539: 16537: 16534: 16532: 16529: 16527: 16524: 16523: 16522: 16519: 16517: 16514: 16510: 16507: 16505: 16502: 16501: 16499: 16497: 16494: 16492: 16489: 16487: 16484: 16482: 16479: 16477: 16474: 16473: 16471: 16469: 16465: 16459: 16456: 16454: 16451: 16449: 16446: 16442: 16439: 16437: 16434: 16432: 16429: 16427: 16424: 16422: 16419: 16417: 16414: 16412: 16409: 16408: 16407: 16404: 16402: 16399: 16395: 16392: 16390: 16387: 16385: 16382: 16380: 16377: 16375: 16372: 16370: 16367: 16366: 16365: 16362: 16358: 16355: 16353: 16350: 16348: 16345: 16343: 16340: 16339: 16338: 16337:Turco-Persian 16335: 16333: 16330: 16328: 16325: 16323: 16320: 16318: 16315: 16313: 16310: 16308: 16305: 16303: 16300: 16298: 16295: 16291: 16288: 16286: 16283: 16282: 16281: 16278: 16274: 16271: 16269: 16266: 16264: 16261: 16259: 16256: 16254: 16251: 16249: 16246: 16245: 16244: 16241: 16238: 16236: 16233: 16231: 16228: 16226: 16223: 16219: 16216: 16214: 16211: 16209: 16206: 16205: 16204: 16201: 16197: 16194: 16192: 16189: 16187: 16184: 16182: 16179: 16178: 16177: 16174: 16172: 16169: 16167: 16164: 16162: 16159: 16157: 16154: 16152: 16149: 16145: 16142: 16140: 16137: 16135: 16132: 16130: 16127: 16126: 16125: 16122: 16118: 16115: 16113: 16110: 16108: 16105: 16103: 16100: 16099: 16098: 16095: 16091: 16088: 16086: 16083: 16081: 16078: 16077: 16076: 16073: 16071: 16068: 16066: 16063: 16061: 16058: 16056: 16053: 16049: 16046: 16044: 16041: 16039: 16036: 16035: 16034: 16031: 16029: 16026: 16022: 16019: 16017: 16014: 16012: 16009: 16007: 16004: 16002: 15999: 15997: 15994: 15993: 15992: 15989: 15985: 15982: 15980: 15977: 15976: 15975: 15972: 15968: 15965: 15963: 15960: 15958: 15955: 15953: 15950: 15949: 15948: 15945: 15943: 15940: 15936: 15933: 15932: 15931: 15928: 15924: 15921: 15919: 15916: 15915: 15913: 15911: 15908: 15906: 15903: 15901: 15898: 15896: 15893: 15891: 15888: 15886: 15883: 15881: 15878: 15877: 15875: 15873: 15869: 15861: 15858: 15857: 15856: 15853: 15851: 15848: 15844: 15841: 15839: 15836: 15835: 15834: 15831: 15827: 15824: 15823: 15822: 15819: 15815: 15812: 15810: 15807: 15805: 15802: 15800: 15797: 15795: 15792: 15790: 15787: 15786: 15785: 15782: 15780: 15777: 15775: 15772: 15768: 15765: 15763: 15760: 15758: 15755: 15753: 15750: 15749: 15748: 15745: 15741: 15738: 15736: 15733: 15732: 15731: 15728: 15726: 15723: 15719: 15716: 15714: 15711: 15709: 15706: 15704: 15701: 15699: 15696: 15695: 15694: 15691: 15689: 15686: 15684: 15681: 15677: 15674: 15672: 15669: 15667: 15664: 15663: 15662: 15659: 15657: 15654: 15650: 15647: 15645: 15642: 15640: 15637: 15636: 15635: 15632: 15628: 15625: 15623: 15620: 15618: 15615: 15614: 15613: 15610: 15606: 15603: 15601: 15598: 15597: 15596: 15593: 15591: 15588: 15586: 15583: 15582: 15580: 15577: 15572: 15568: 15564: 15557: 15552: 15550: 15545: 15543: 15538: 15537: 15534: 15522: 15519: 15517: 15514: 15513: 15508: 15504: 15501: 15497: 15496: 15492: 15482: 15479: 15477: 15474: 15472: 15469: 15467: 15464: 15462: 15459: 15457: 15454: 15452: 15449: 15447: 15444: 15442: 15439: 15435: 15432: 15431: 15430: 15427: 15425: 15422: 15420: 15417: 15416: 15414: 15412: 15408: 15402: 15399: 15397: 15394: 15392: 15389: 15387: 15384: 15382: 15379: 15377: 15374: 15372: 15369: 15367: 15364: 15362: 15359: 15357: 15354: 15352: 15349: 15347: 15344: 15342: 15339: 15337: 15334: 15332: 15329: 15328: 15325: 15322: 15320: 15316: 15306: 15303: 15301: 15298: 15296: 15293: 15291: 15288: 15286: 15283: 15281: 15278: 15276: 15273: 15271: 15265: 15263: 15260: 15258: 15255: 15253: 15250: 15248: 15245: 15244: 15241: 15238: 15236: 15232: 15222: 15219: 15217: 15214: 15212: 15209: 15207: 15204: 15200: 15197: 15196: 15195: 15192: 15190: 15187: 15185: 15182: 15180: 15177: 15175: 15172: 15170: 15167: 15165: 15162: 15160: 15157: 15155: 15152: 15151: 15148: 15145: 15143: 15139: 15129: 15126: 15124: 15121: 15119: 15116: 15114: 15111: 15109: 15106: 15104: 15101: 15099: 15096: 15094: 15091: 15089: 15086: 15085: 15082: 15079: 15077: 15073: 15068: 15054: 15051: 15049: 15046: 15044: 15041: 15039: 15036: 15035: 15033: 15029: 15023: 15020: 15018: 15015: 15013: 15010: 15008: 15005: 15003: 15000: 14998: 14995: 14993: 14990: 14988: 14985: 14983: 14980: 14978: 14975: 14973: 14970: 14968: 14965: 14963: 14960: 14958: 14955: 14953: 14950: 14948: 14945: 14943: 14940: 14938: 14937:Iberian Union 14935: 14933: 14930: 14928: 14925: 14923: 14920: 14918: 14915: 14913: 14912:Consolidation 14910: 14908: 14905: 14903: 14900: 14898: 14895: 14893: 14890: 14888: 14887: 14883: 14881: 14878: 14876: 14873: 14871: 14868: 14866: 14863: 14861: 14858: 14856: 14853: 14851: 14848: 14846: 14843: 14841: 14838: 14836: 14833: 14831: 14828: 14826: 14823: 14822: 14820: 14818: 14814: 14811: 14809: 14805: 14801: 14797: 14790: 14785: 14783: 14778: 14776: 14771: 14770: 14767: 14755: 14752: 14750: 14747: 14745: 14742: 14740: 14737: 14735: 14732: 14730: 14727: 14725: 14722: 14720: 14717: 14715: 14712: 14710: 14707: 14705: 14702: 14700: 14697: 14695: 14692: 14690: 14687: 14685: 14682: 14680: 14677: 14675: 14672: 14670: 14667: 14665: 14662: 14661: 14659: 14657:Miscellaneous 14655: 14649: 14648: 14644: 14642: 14641: 14637: 14635: 14632: 14630: 14627: 14625: 14622: 14620: 14617: 14615: 14612: 14610: 14607: 14605: 14602: 14600: 14597: 14595: 14592: 14590: 14589:Queluz Palace 14587: 14585: 14582: 14580: 14577: 14575: 14572: 14570: 14567: 14565: 14562: 14560: 14559:Buçaco Palace 14557: 14555: 14552: 14550: 14547: 14545: 14542: 14541: 14539: 14533: 14524: 14523: 14519: 14517: 14514: 14512: 14509: 14507: 14506:House of Aviz 14504: 14502: 14499: 14498: 14496: 14492: 14487: 14477: 14474: 14472: 14469: 14467: 14464: 14462: 14459: 14457: 14454: 14452: 14449: 14447: 14444: 14442: 14439: 14437: 14434: 14432: 14429: 14427: 14424: 14422: 14419: 14417: 14414: 14412: 14411:Iberian Union 14409: 14407: 14404: 14402: 14399: 14397: 14394: 14392: 14389: 14387: 14384: 14382: 14379: 14377: 14374: 14372: 14369: 14367: 14364: 14362: 14359: 14358: 14356: 14352: 14348: 14340: 14335: 14333: 14328: 14326: 14321: 14320: 14317: 14311: 14307: 14301: 14289: 14286: 14284: 14281: 14279: 14276: 14274: 14271: 14269: 14266: 14264: 14261: 14259: 14256: 14255: 14252: 14239: 14232: 14226: 14223: 14222: 14219: 14213: 14210: 14209: 14206: 14200: 14197: 14196: 14193: 14191: 14186: 14180: 14177: 14174: 14173: 14170: 14167: 14164: 14163: 14160: 14157: 14154: 14153: 14150: 14148: 14139: 14136: 14133: 14132: 14129: 14126: 14123: 14122: 14119: 14117: 14112: 14106: 14103: 14100: 14099: 14096: 14090: 14087: 14086: 14083: 14077: 14074: 14073: 14070: 14064: 14061: 14060: 14057: 14051: 14048: 14047: 14044: 14038: 14035: 14034: 14031: 14025: 14022: 14021: 14018: 14015: 14012: 14011: 14008: 14006: 14001: 14000: 13994: 13987: 13983: 13970: 13967: 13961: 13958: 13955: 13954: 13951: 13948: 13945: 13944: 13941: 13935: 13932: 13931: 13928: 13926: 13921: 13915: 13914: 13913: 13908: 13905: 13904: 13901: 13900: 13899: 13894: 13891: 13890: 13887: 13885: 13880: 13879: 13873: 13866: 13862: 13850: 13846: 13845: 13838: 13831: 13825: 13822: 13821: 13818: 13814: 13805: 13802: 13799: 13798: 13795: 13792: 13789: 13788: 13785: 13782: 13779: 13778: 13775: 13774: 13769: 13764: 13755: 13750: 13746: 13743: 13742: 13739: 13737: 13728: 13725: 13722: 13721: 13718: 13715: 13712: 13711: 13708: 13705: 13702: 13701: 13698: 13695: 13692: 13691: 13688: 13682: 13679: 13678: 13675: 13669: 13666: 13665: 13662: 13656: 13653: 13652: 13649: 13646: 13643: 13642: 13639: 13636: 13633: 13632: 13629: 13627: 13622: 13621: 13615: 13608: 13604: 13591: 13584: 13581: 13578: 13577: 13574: 13570: 13561: 13558: 13555: 13554: 13551: 13547: 13538: 13535: 13532: 13531: 13528: 13522: 13519: 13518: 13515: 13512: 13509: 13508: 13501: 13497:Masulipatnam 13495: 13492: 13491: 13488: 13485: 13482: 13481: 13477: 13474: 13473: 13470: 13464: 13461: 13458: 13457: 13454: 13453:Daman and Diu 13451: 13448: 13447: 13444: 13442:(Thoothukudi) 13438: 13435: 13434: 13431: 13428: 13425: 13424: 13421: 13419:(Kodungallur) 13415: 13412: 13411: 13408: 13406:(Vasai-Virar) 13402: 13399: 13398: 13395: 13392: 13389: 13388: 13385: 13379: 13376: 13375: 13372: 13369: 13366: 13365: 13362: 13359: 13356: 13355: 13352: 13349: 13346: 13345: 13341: 13333: 13330: 13329: 13326: 13323: 13320: 13319: 13315: 13312: 13311: 13308: 13302: 13299: 13296: 13295: 13292: 13286: 13283: 13282: 13278: 13270: 13260: 13259: 13256: 13253: 13250: 13249: 13246: 13240: 13237: 13236: 13233: 13227: 13224: 13223: 13219: 13211: 13201: 13200: 13197: 13191: 13188: 13187: 13184: 13178: 13175: 13174: 13171: 13170: 13165: 13155: 13153:(Lakshadweep) 13147: 13144: 13143: 13140: 13138: 13133: 13132: 13126: 13119: 13115: 13102: 13095: 13094:Bandar-e Kong 13092: 13089: 13088: 13085: 13084:Dibba Al-Hisn 13082: 13079: 13078: 13075: 13072: 13069: 13068: 13065: 13062: 13059: 13058: 13055: 13052: 13049: 13048: 13045: 13042: 13039: 13038: 13035: 13032: 13029: 13028: 13025: 13022: 13019: 13018: 13015: 13012: 13009: 13008: 13005: 13003: 12998: 12992: 12989: 12986: 12985: 12982: 12979: 12976: 12975: 12972: 12969: 12966: 12965: 12962: 12959: 12956: 12955: 12950: 12946: 12941: 12938: 12935: 12934: 12931: 12928: 12925: 12924: 12921: 12918: 12915: 12914: 12911: 12908: 12905: 12904: 12901: 12898: 12895: 12894: 12891: 12888: 12885: 12884: 12881: 12875: 12872: 12871: 12868: 12865: 12862: 12861: 12858: 12852: 12849: 12848: 12845: 12843: 12838: 12837: 12831: 12824: 12820: 12808: 12804: 12801: 12797: 12794: 12790: 12787: 12784: 12780: 12779: 12772: 12765: 12762: 12759: 12758: 12755: 12752: 12749: 12748: 12745: 12743: 12734: 12731: 12728: 12727: 12724: 12718: 12715: 12714: 12711: 12709: 12699: 12695: 12692: 12691: 12688: 12685: 12682: 12681: 12678: 12675: 12672: 12671: 12668: 12666: 12661: 12655: 12649: 12646: 12645: 12641: 12637: 12634: 12633: 12630: 12627: 12624: 12623: 12620: 12617: 12614: 12613: 12610: 12607: 12604: 12603: 12600: 12597: 12594: 12593: 12590: 12584: 12581: 12580: 12577: 12574: 12571: 12570: 12567: 12564: 12561: 12560: 12557: 12554: 12551: 12550: 12547: 12544: 12541: 12540: 12537: 12535: 12530: 12524: 12521: 12518: 12517: 12514: 12511: 12508: 12507: 12504: 12498: 12495: 12494: 12491: 12487:Fernando Poo 12485: 12482: 12481: 12478: 12475: 12472: 12471: 12467: 12463: 12460: 12459: 12455: 12451: 12448: 12447: 12444: 12441: 12438: 12437: 12434: 12431: 12428: 12427: 12424: 12422: 12417: 12416: 12410: 12403: 12399: 12394: 12377: 12370: 12364: 12361: 12360: 12357: 12351: 12348: 12347: 12344: 12338: 12335: 12334: 12331: 12325: 12322: 12321: 12318: 12312: 12309: 12308: 12305: 12299: 12296: 12295: 12292: 12286: 12283: 12282: 12279: 12277: 12272: 12266: 12263: 12260: 12259: 12256: 12250: 12247: 12246: 12243: 12240: 12237: 12236: 12233: 12227: 12224: 12223: 12220: 12217: 12214: 12213: 12210: 12204: 12201: 12200: 12197: 12191: 12188: 12187: 12184: 12181: 12178: 12177: 12174: 12172: 12167: 12166: 12160: 12153: 12149: 12145: 12138: 12133: 12131: 12126: 12124: 12119: 12118: 12115: 12108: 12104: 12102: 12099: 12097: 12093: 12090: 12087: 12084: 12082: 12079: 12078: 12072: 12069: 12067: 12064: 12062: 12059: 12058: 12053: 12048: 12033: 12031:1-74059-421-5 12027: 12023: 12022: 12016: 12012: 12011: 12005: 12001: 11999:3-87294-202-6 11995: 11991: 11986: 11985: 11978: 11967: 11965:0-299-07450-1 11961: 11957: 11956: 11950: 11946: 11940: 11936: 11931: 11927: 11921: 11917: 11916: 11910: 11906: 11900: 11897:. Routledge. 11896: 11895: 11889: 11878: 11872: 11867: 11866: 11859: 11855: 11849: 11845: 11844: 11838: 11834: 11828: 11824: 11823: 11817: 11813: 11811:81-7022-259-1 11807: 11803: 11802: 11796: 11792: 11786: 11782: 11781: 11775: 11771: 11765: 11761: 11760: 11754: 11750: 11744: 11739: 11738: 11731: 11721:on 2013-02-04 11720: 11716: 11715: 11709: 11705: 11703:0-415-09085-7 11699: 11696:. Routledge. 11695: 11694: 11688: 11684: 11682:0-8018-5955-7 11678: 11674: 11673: 11667: 11663: 11659: 11655: 11654: 11648: 11644: 11642:972-8047-75-4 11638: 11634: 11633: 11627: 11623: 11617: 11613: 11612: 11606: 11602: 11600:0-333-57689-6 11596: 11592: 11587: 11584: 11580: 11578:0-7011-6834-X 11574: 11570: 11565: 11561: 11559:0-521-25713-1 11555: 11551: 11550: 11544: 11540: 11534: 11530: 11525: 11524: 11517: 11514: 11511: 11507: 11501: 11497: 11492: 11481: 11477: 11475:1-57607-335-1 11471: 11467: 11466: 11460: 11456: 11450: 11446: 11445: 11439: 11435: 11429: 11425: 11424: 11418: 11414: 11412:9780313262579 11408: 11405:. Greenwood. 11404: 11403: 11397: 11393: 11387: 11382: 11381: 11374: 11370: 11364: 11360: 11359: 11353: 11349: 11347:0-415-23979-6 11343: 11340:. Routledge. 11339: 11338: 11332: 11328: 11322: 11318: 11313: 11312: 11305: 11301: 11295: 11291: 11290: 11284: 11280: 11274: 11270: 11269: 11263: 11259: 11253: 11249: 11248: 11242: 11238: 11232: 11228: 11227: 11221: 11217: 11215:0-8166-1216-1 11211: 11206: 11205: 11198: 11194: 11188: 11184: 11183: 11177: 11173: 11167: 11163: 11162: 11156: 11152: 11150:9780807838839 11146: 11142: 11141: 11135: 11131: 11125: 11121: 11120: 11114: 11110: 11108:9780521116343 11104: 11100: 11099: 11093: 11089: 11087:0-313-31106-4 11083: 11079: 11078: 11072: 11070: 11066: 11062: 11058: 11056:0-521-29929-2 11052: 11047: 11046: 11039: 11035: 11029: 11025: 11024: 11018: 11014: 11012:9780887291302 11008: 11004: 11003: 10997: 10993: 10991:9780226467085 10987: 10983: 10982: 10976: 10972: 10966: 10962: 10961: 10955: 10951: 10949:9789048133246 10945: 10941: 10940: 10934: 10930: 10928:9780300078008 10924: 10920: 10919: 10913: 10909: 10903: 10899: 10898: 10892: 10889: 10885: 10883:9781143225352 10879: 10875: 10874: 10868: 10857: 10853: 10851:9780521770651 10847: 10843: 10842: 10836: 10832: 10830:0-224-60284-5 10826: 10821: 10820: 10813: 10810: 10806: 10802: 10796: 10792: 10791: 10785: 10781: 10775: 10772:. Routledge. 10771: 10770: 10764: 10760: 10754: 10750: 10749: 10743: 10739: 10733: 10729: 10728: 10722: 10718: 10716:9780719008764 10712: 10708: 10707: 10701: 10697: 10691: 10687: 10682: 10681: 10674: 10670: 10664: 10660: 10655: 10651: 10645: 10641: 10636: 10632: 10626: 10622: 10621: 10615: 10611: 10609:9780195140736 10605: 10601: 10600: 10595: 10591: 10587: 10585:0-8166-0713-3 10581: 10577: 10572: 10571: 10564: 10560: 10554: 10550: 10545: 10543: 10539: 10536: 10535:online review 10532: 10528: 10525: 10521: 10517: 10515:9781604975291 10511: 10507: 10506: 10500: 10496: 10490: 10486: 10485: 10479: 10475: 10473:9780804733595 10469: 10465: 10464: 10458: 10454: 10448: 10444: 10443: 10437: 10433: 10427: 10424:. JHU Press. 10423: 10422: 10416: 10412: 10410:0-09-131071-7 10406: 10401: 10400: 10394: 10390: 10386: 10384:9780230344266 10380: 10376: 10375: 10369: 10365: 10359: 10355: 10350: 10346: 10340: 10336: 10335: 10329: 10325: 10319: 10315: 10314: 10308: 10304: 10302:0-313-31106-4 10298: 10294: 10293: 10287: 10276: 10272: 10270:0-300-09314-4 10266: 10262: 10261: 10255: 10251: 10245: 10241: 10240: 10234: 10223: 10217: 10213: 10212: 10206: 10202: 10200:9780195337709 10196: 10192: 10191: 10185: 10181: 10175: 10171: 10170: 10164: 10160: 10154: 10151:. Routledge. 10150: 10149: 10143: 10139: 10133: 10129: 10124: 10123: 10098:on 2009-01-09 10097: 10093: 10087: 10079: 10073: 10069: 10065: 10064: 10056: 10040: 10036: 10032: 10026: 10024: 10014: 10000:on 2010-10-12 9999: 9995: 9989: 9983: 9978: 9963: 9959: 9953: 9944: 9928: 9924: 9923: 9918: 9912: 9896: 9892: 9886: 9880: 9879: 9874: 9870: 9867: 9862: 9847: 9843: 9837: 9821: 9817: 9811: 9804: 9799: 9783: 9779: 9772: 9765: 9764:Time Magazine 9761: 9756: 9741: 9737: 9735:9780190277734 9731: 9727: 9723: 9719: 9715: 9708: 9702:, p. 153 9701: 9700:Anderson 2000 9696: 9694: 9687: 9682: 9676: 9671: 9656: 9650: 9646: 9645: 9637: 9630: 9624: 9616: 9612: 9606: 9591: 9587: 9581: 9573: 9569: 9562: 9556:, p. 128 9555: 9550: 9534: 9530: 9524: 9516: 9512: 9508: 9504: 9500: 9496: 9492: 9488: 9484: 9480: 9473: 9466: 9461: 9455:, p. 134 9454: 9449: 9447: 9445: 9437: 9432: 9425: 9420: 9405: 9399: 9395: 9394: 9386: 9370: 9366: 9365: 9357: 9350: 9345: 9336: 9327: 9321:, p. 298 9320: 9315: 9306: 9299: 9294: 9287: 9282: 9273: 9266: 9261: 9254: 9249: 9242: 9237: 9228: 9227:10400.5/26870 9223: 9218: 9213: 9209: 9205: 9201: 9194: 9179: 9173: 9169: 9168: 9160: 9154:, p. 131 9153: 9148: 9142:, p. 288 9141: 9136: 9129: 9124: 9117: 9112: 9110: 9103:, p. 203 9102: 9097: 9090: 9085: 9083: 9076:, p. 168 9075: 9070: 9064: 9059: 9053: 9048: 9041: 9037: 9031: 9025:, p. 330 9024: 9019: 9010: 8995: 8993:0-8122-1845-0 8989: 8985: 8984: 8976: 8969: 8963: 8956: 8950: 8936: 8930: 8926: 8925: 8917: 8903: 8897: 8893: 8892: 8884: 8878:, p. 350 8877: 8872: 8865: 8859: 8853:, p. 169 8852: 8847: 8840: 8834: 8827: 8822: 8807: 8801: 8797: 8796: 8788: 8773: 8767: 8763: 8758: 8757: 8748: 8739: 8738: 8730: 8722: 8721: 8713: 8707:, p. 200 8706: 8701: 8693: 8682: 8678: 8674: 8670: 8666: 8662: 8660: 8654: 8648: 8634:on 2008-07-20 8633: 8629: 8622: 8616:, p. 186 8615: 8610: 8608: 8601:, p. 163 8600: 8595: 8589:, p. 250 8588: 8587:Lockhart 1983 8583: 8577:, p. 159 8576: 8571: 8565:, p. 105 8564: 8563:Anderson 2000 8559: 8552: 8547: 8545: 8538:, p. 386 8537: 8532: 8525: 8524:Anderson 2000 8520: 8513: 8508: 8501: 8500:Boyajian 2008 8496: 8494: 8487:, p. 177 8486: 8481: 8474: 8473:Schwartz 1973 8469: 8462: 8457: 8448: 8441: 8436: 8434: 8426: 8421: 8419: 8417: 8409: 8404: 8397: 8392: 8390: 8380: 8374:, p. 185 8373: 8368: 8361: 8356: 8350:, p. 246 8349: 8344: 8338:, p. 496 8337: 8336:Bakewell 2009 8332: 8325: 8324:Lockhart 1983 8320: 8313: 8308: 8302:, p. 255 8301: 8296: 8289: 8284: 8269: 8263: 8259: 8258: 8250: 8244:, p. 310 8243: 8238: 8232:, p. 694 8231: 8226: 8219: 8214: 8207: 8202: 8196:, p. 254 8195: 8190: 8188: 8180: 8175: 8168: 8163: 8155: 8149: 8144: 8142: 8140: 8130: 8124:, p. 214 8123: 8118: 8112:, p. 116 8111: 8106: 8100:, p. 464 8099: 8094: 8087: 8082: 8075: 8071: 8069:9780275968960 8065: 8061: 8054: 8046: 8044:9780190615093 8040: 8036: 8029: 8023:, p. 195 8022: 8017: 8010: 8009:0-415-32379-7 8006: 8000: 7992: 7986: 7983:. MIT Press. 7981: 7980: 7971: 7964: 7959: 7952: 7947: 7938: 7932:, p. 175 7931: 7926: 7924: 7916: 7911: 7904: 7903:Thornton 2000 7899: 7893:, p. 207 7892: 7887: 7885: 7875: 7869:, p. 121 7868: 7863: 7857:Black, p. 102 7854: 7845: 7836: 7827: 7818: 7816: 7808: 7804: 7801: 7800: 7793: 7785: 7779: 7775: 7774: 7766: 7760:, p. 138 7759: 7754: 7747: 7742: 7735: 7730: 7728: 7721:, p. 125 7720: 7715: 7706: 7699: 7694: 7686: 7680: 7676: 7672: 7665: 7658: 7653: 7647:, p. 339 7646: 7645:Whiteway 1899 7641: 7635:, p. 226 7634: 7629: 7627: 7625: 7617: 7612: 7598:on 2012-12-25 7597: 7593: 7587: 7581: 7580:0-521-24333-5 7577: 7573: 7569: 7566: 7560: 7545: 7541: 7537: 7531: 7517:on 2013-01-30 7516: 7512: 7506: 7497: 7488: 7480: 7474: 7470: 7469: 7461: 7453: 7447: 7443: 7442: 7434: 7426: 7420: 7416: 7415: 7407: 7399: 7393: 7389: 7382: 7373: 7365: 7359: 7355: 7354: 7346: 7337: 7329: 7323: 7319: 7318: 7310: 7301: 7294: 7289: 7283:, p. 202 7282: 7277: 7270: 7265: 7258: 7253: 7246: 7245:Kratoska 2004 7241: 7239: 7231: 7230:Ricklefs 1991 7226: 7220:, p. 291 7219: 7214: 7208:, p. 220 7207: 7206:de Souza 1990 7202: 7196:, p. 130 7195: 7190: 7188: 7180: 7175: 7169:, p. 238 7168: 7163: 7157:, p. 129 7156: 7151: 7144: 7139: 7132: 7127: 7120: 7115: 7113: 7105: 7100: 7093: 7088: 7081: 7076: 7070:, p. 128 7069: 7064: 7057: 7052: 7046:, p. 207 7045: 7040: 7025: 7021: 7017: 7011: 7004: 6999: 6992: 6987: 6980: 6975: 6968: 6963: 6956: 6951: 6944: 6939: 6933:, p. 176 6932: 6927: 6921:, p. 174 6920: 6915: 6909:, p. 165 6908: 6903: 6896: 6891: 6884: 6883:Anderson 2000 6879: 6872: 6867: 6860: 6859:Anderson 2000 6855: 6848: 6843: 6837:, p. 156 6836: 6831: 6825:, p. 273 6824: 6819: 6813:, p. 138 6812: 6807: 6801:, p. 232 6800: 6795: 6788: 6783: 6777:, p. 482 6776: 6771: 6764: 6758: 6752:, p. 469 6751: 6746: 6739: 6734: 6727: 6722: 6715: 6710: 6702: 6696: 6691: 6684: 6679: 6672: 6666: 6659: 6654: 6647: 6646:Anderson 2000 6642: 6635: 6630: 6623: 6618: 6616: 6608: 6603: 6596: 6591: 6584: 6579: 6577: 6569: 6564: 6562: 6554: 6549: 6543:, p. 301 6542: 6537: 6531:, p. 894 6530: 6525: 6518: 6513: 6507:, p. 481 6506: 6501: 6497: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6418: 6408: 6404: 6398: 6393: 6389: 6385: 6381: 6375: 6370: 6366: 6362: 6355: 6350: 6342:Trading posts 6315: 6310: 6306: 6299: 6294: 6293: 6292: 6290: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6276: 6275: 6270: 6269: 6264: 6260: 6256: 6253: 6249: 6245: 6241: 6238: 6234: 6230: 6226: 6222: 6218: 6214: 6210: 6206: 6202: 6198: 6194: 6190: 6186: 6182: 6177: 6175: 6171: 6167: 6161: 6159: 6155: 6150: 6148: 6144: 6140: 6136: 6132: 6128: 6123: 6121: 6115: 6113: 6109: 6101: 6097: 6088: 6086: 6082: 6078: 6074: 6070: 6066: 6061: 6059: 6055: 6051: 6047: 6043: 6039: 6034: 6030: 6025: 6023: 6019: 6015: 6011: 6007: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5991: 5987: 5983: 5977: 5975: 5971: 5965: 5962: 5958: 5957:Daman and Diu 5954: 5950: 5945: 5942: 5938: 5934: 5929: 5925: 5917: 5913: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5892: 5888: 5884: 5874: 5872: 5868: 5864: 5863:Guinea-Bissau 5860: 5856: 5851: 5849: 5845: 5841: 5837: 5833: 5828: 5822: 5820: 5816: 5812: 5808: 5801: 5797: 5793: 5789: 5779: 5777: 5773: 5769: 5765: 5761: 5757: 5752: 5750: 5746: 5742: 5738: 5734: 5725: 5716: 5714: 5713:Roberto Ivens 5710: 5706: 5701: 5700:South America 5697: 5689: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5671: 5667: 5661: 5657: 5653: 5649: 5639: 5637: 5633: 5628: 5626: 5622: 5618: 5614: 5610: 5609:Queen Maria I 5606: 5605:prince regent 5602: 5598: 5590: 5586: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5565: 5561: 5551: 5547: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5524: 5522: 5521:Enlightenment 5517: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5488: 5478: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5464: 5459: 5455: 5453: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5436: 5432: 5428: 5418: 5414: 5412: 5408: 5404: 5394: 5392: 5383: 5379: 5377: 5373: 5368: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5355: 5351: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5338: 5334: 5330: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5308:Chimnaji Appa 5304: 5302: 5298: 5297:Iberian Union 5293: 5289: 5281: 5277: 5272: 5268: 5266: 5261: 5252: 5247: 5243: 5233: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5220:in 1650. The 5219: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5203: 5198: 5196: 5192: 5188: 5184: 5180: 5176: 5172: 5164: 5160: 5155: 5151: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5133: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5105: 5103: 5099: 5095: 5094:Madre de Deus 5091: 5087: 5082: 5079: 5075: 5074: 5063: 5059: 5057: 5056:Habsburg rule 5053: 5049: 5045: 5038: 5034: 5030: 5026: 5022: 5020: 5014: 5012: 5008: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4991:Iberian Union 4989: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4957: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4924:Iberian Union 4915: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4900:Estácio de Sá 4897: 4891: 4889: 4885: 4881: 4877: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4852:Guanabara Bay 4849: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4829: 4824: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4813:Tomé de Sousa 4810: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4789: 4787: 4782: 4781:captain-major 4778: 4774: 4770: 4762: 4757: 4753: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4733: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4709: 4706: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4666: 4663:Based on the 4658: 4653: 4643: 4633: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4617: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4562: 4560: 4555: 4551: 4550: 4544: 4542: 4537: 4533: 4528: 4524: 4521:vassal state 4520: 4515: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4488: 4480: 4476: 4471: 4462: 4460: 4455: 4451: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4415:. The Sultan 4414: 4410: 4406: 4401: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4346:Ajuran Empire 4339: 4334: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4265: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4214: 4209: 4199: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4182: 4179: 4172: 4168: 4163: 4159: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4134: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4114:Lantau Island 4111: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4094: 4092: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4051: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4020: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4002: 3997: 3993: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3970: 3968: 3964: 3963:St. Catherine 3960: 3956: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3939: 3938:Arabian horse 3934: 3930: 3926: 3918: 3913: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3844: 3839: 3835: 3828: 3823: 3820:routes (blue) 3819: 3815: 3809: 3804: 3803: 3802: 3799: 3794: 3792: 3791:Battle of Diu 3788: 3787:Almeida's son 3784: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3764: 3759: 3755: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3716: 3712: 3711: 3705: 3701: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3639:, Kochi) and 3638: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3609: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3586: 3582: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3571: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3549:Vasco da Gama 3542: 3538: 3537:Vasco da Gama 3534: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3503: 3501: 3500:Vasco da Gama 3498:commanded by 3497: 3491: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3464: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3443: 3434: 3432: 3427: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3318: 3316: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3292:Expansion of 3290: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3260: 3259:Elmina Castle 3255: 3251: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3236: 3232: 3231: 3226: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3199: 3196: 3186: 3185:Vasco da Gama 3176: 3160: 3156: 3147: 3143: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3105: 3099: 3095: 3085: 3082: 3078: 3070: 3066: 3061: 3057: 3054: 3050: 3044: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3021: 3016: 3010: 2995: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2877:) and China ( 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2851: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2832:Iberian Union 2829: 2825: 2821: 2816: 2813: 2809: 2804: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2793:Vasco da Gama 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2757: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2699: 2694: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2650: 2649: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2640: 2638: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2602:Angola (1907) 2600: 2598: 2595: 2594: 2590: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2542: 2538: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2517: 2514: 2513: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2506:Brazil (1756) 2504: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2476:Angola (1723) 2474: 2472: 2471:Brazil (1711) 2469: 2467: 2466:Brazil (1710) 2464: 2462: 2459: 2458: 2454: 2453: 2450: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2440: 2439:Angola (1681) 2437: 2435: 2434:Angola (1671) 2432: 2430: 2429:Angola (1670) 2427: 2425: 2424:Angola (1670) 2422: 2420: 2419:Brazil (1666) 2417: 2415: 2414:Angola (1665) 2412: 2410: 2409:Margão (1659) 2407: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2399:Mannar (1658) 2397: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2380: 2379:Arabia (1650) 2377: 2375: 2374:Brazil (1649) 2372: 2370: 2369:Brazil (1648) 2367: 2365: 2364:Angola (1647) 2362: 2360: 2359:Brazil (1645) 2357: 2355: 2354:Brazil (1645) 2352: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2344:Brazil (1641) 2342: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2324:Brazil (1640) 2322: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2309:Brazil (1638) 2307: 2305: 2302: 2300: 2297: 2295: 2294:Brazil (1636) 2292: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2284:Arabia (1633) 2282: 2280: 2279:Bengal (1632) 2277: 2275: 2272: 2270: 2269:Brazil (1631) 2267: 2265: 2262: 2260: 2259:Brazil (1630) 2257: 2255: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2245: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2235: 2234:Brazil (1625) 2232: 2230: 2227: 2225: 2224:Angola (1624) 2222: 2220: 2219:Brazil (1624) 2217: 2215: 2214:Angola (1623) 2212: 2210: 2209:Angola (1622) 2207: 2205: 2202: 2200: 2197: 2195: 2192: 2190: 2187: 2185: 2182: 2180: 2179:Jaffna (1619) 2177: 2175: 2172: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2155: 2152: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2136: 2132: 2131: 2128: 2125: 2123: 2122:Jaffna (1591) 2120: 2118: 2115: 2113: 2110: 2108: 2105: 2103: 2100: 2098: 2095: 2093: 2090: 2088: 2085: 2083: 2082:Angola (1583) 2080: 2078: 2077:Arabia (1581) 2075: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2067:Angola (1580) 2065: 2063: 2060: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2048: 2045: 2043: 2040: 2038: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2008: 2007:Brazil (1567) 2005: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1982:Jaffna (1560) 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1972:Brazil (1558) 1970: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1938: 1937:Arabia (1548) 1935: 1933: 1932:Arabia (1548) 1930: 1928: 1925: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1818: 1815: 1813: 1810: 1808: 1805: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1747:Arabia (1523) 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1642:Arabia (1507) 1640: 1638: 1635: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1589: 1585: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1566: 1565:Guinea (1478) 1563: 1561: 1558: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1522: 1518: 1517: 1514: 1509: 1499: 1494: 1492: 1487: 1485: 1480: 1479: 1476: 1465: 1460: 1458: 1453: 1451: 1446: 1445: 1443: 1442: 1439: 1429: 1428: 1425: 1422: 1421: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1405: 1402: 1397: 1396: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1362: 1357: 1356: 1346: 1343: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1322: 1318: 1316: 1313: 1312: 1309: 1304: 1303: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1290: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1278: 1274: 1273: 1270: 1265: 1264: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1238: 1235: 1230: 1229: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1183: 1180: 1175: 1174: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1161:Iberian Union 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1141:House of Aviz 1139: 1137: 1134: 1133: 1130: 1125: 1124: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1078: 1075: 1070: 1069: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1018: 1015: 1010: 1009: 1005: 1001: 1000: 997: 991: 990: 985: 980: 979: 972: 969: 967:Today part of 965: 949: 947: 946:Dutch Malacca 944: 943: 935: 933: 930: 929: 921: 919: 916: 915: 907: 905: 902: 901: 893: 891: 888: 887: 879: 877: 874: 873: 865: 863: 860: 859: 851: 849: 846: 845: 837: 835: 832: 831: 823: 821: 818: 817: 809: 807: 804: 803: 795: 793: 792:Guinea-Bissau 790: 789: 781: 779: 776: 775: 767: 765: 762: 761: 753: 751: 748: 747: 739: 737: 734: 733: 730: 724: 721: 714: 713: 710: 707: 700: 699: 696: 693: 686: 685: 682: 679: 672: 671: 668: 665: 658: 657: 654: 651: 644: 643: 640: 637: 630: 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16448:Vijayanagara 16347:Great Seljuk 16258:Thessalonica 16186:Golden Horde 15826:Carthaginian 15605:Neo-Assyrian 15590:Neo-Sumerian 15419:Architecture 15391:Prostitution 15356:Homelessness 15336:Demographics 15252:Central bank 15194:Human rights 15159:Constitution 15012:Overseas War 14977:Liberal Wars 14921: 14884: 14698: 14694:Sebastianism 14645: 14638: 14574:Mafra Palace 14569:Évora Palace 14549:Belém Palace 14544:Ajuda Palace 14520: 14494:Royal houses 14441:April Revolt 14436:Vilafrancada 14354:Major events 14237: 14190:19th century 14189: 14187: 14147:18th century 14146: 14144: 14116:17th century 14115: 14113: 14005:16th century 14004: 14002: 13968: 13925:16th century 13924: 13922: 13910: 13909: 13896: 13895: 13884:15th century 13883: 13881: 13836: 13813:20th century 13812: 13810: 13768:19th century 13767: 13765: 13736:17th century 13735: 13733: 13626:16th century 13625: 13623: 13589: 13569:18th century 13568: 13566: 13546:17th century 13545: 13543: 13244:(Nagapatnam) 13164:16th century 13163: 13161: 13137:15th century 13136: 13134: 13100: 13002:17th century 13001: 12999: 12971:Tarut Island 12842:16th century 12841: 12839: 12827:Middle East 12793:Anosy Region 12770: 12742:19th century 12741: 12739: 12708:18th century 12707: 12705: 12665:17th century 12664: 12662: 12566:Saint Helena 12534:16th century 12533: 12531: 12421:15th century 12420: 12418: 12375: 12276:16th century 12275: 12273: 12171:15th century 12170: 12168: 12156:North Africa 12143: 12061:Online books 12051: 12020: 12009: 11983: 11969:. 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Retrieved 7019: 7010: 6998: 6993:, p. 76 6986: 6981:, p. 75 6974: 6969:, p. 13 6962: 6950: 6945:, p. 36 6938: 6926: 6914: 6902: 6890: 6885:, p. 55 6878: 6873:, p. 47 6866: 6861:, p. 59 6854: 6842: 6830: 6818: 6806: 6794: 6789:, p. 84 6782: 6775:Ponting 2000 6770: 6762: 6757: 6745: 6740:, p. 79 6733: 6721: 6716:, p. 29 6709: 6697:, p. 33 6690: 6685:, p. 68 6678: 6670: 6665: 6660:, p. 60 6653: 6648:, p. 50 6641: 6629: 6624:, p. 55 6609:, p. 21 6602: 6590: 6585:, p. 19 6570:, p. 19 6548: 6536: 6524: 6519:, p. xv 6517:Brockey 2008 6512: 6500: 6386:, alongside 6361:Se Cathedral 6327:Explorations 6286: 6281: 6272: 6266: 6254: 6243: 6232: 6220: 6212: 6204: 6196: 6191:, Bulgarian 6181:sweet orange 6178: 6162: 6151: 6124: 6116: 6105: 6062: 6045: 6026: 6013: 6001: 5978: 5966: 5924:World War II 5921: 5852: 5823: 5803: 5768:Manuel Buíça 5760:assassinated 5753: 5730: 5693: 5666:Liberal Wars 5629: 5616: 5594: 5548: 5528:Minas Gerais 5525: 5493: 5475: 5471: 5460: 5456: 5440: 5434: 5430: 5426: 5423: 5403:Minas Gerais 5400: 5388: 5369: 5347: 5341: 5305: 5285: 5275: 5257: 5199: 5175:Dutch Empire 5168: 5139: 5129: 5123: 5083: 5071: 5068: 5041: 5019:bandeirantes 5015: 4961: 4911: 4907: 4892: 4825: 4808: 4790: 4765: 4734: 4715: 4695:was granted 4662: 4618: 4598:António Mota 4583: 4547: 4545: 4516: 4484: 4402: 4343: 4298:Bandar Abbas 4294:Qeshm Island 4235: 4226:Japan voyage 4183: 4175: 4095: 4087: 4064:Nanban trade 4047: 4021: 4006: 4001:mare clausum 3971: 3942: 3931:, after the 3922: 3916: 3795: 3768: 3737:in 1506 and 3720: 3708: 3707:The carrack 3644: 3636: 3624: 3607: 3591: 3575:Indian Ocean 3568: 3546: 3492: 3466: 3428: 3401: 3330:Fernão Gomes 3328:to merchant 3319: 3291: 3279:Sierra Leone 3264: 3228: 3224:Dum Diversas 3222: 3208:Cape Bojador 3205: 3191: 3132:Prester John 3124:Cape Bojador 3107: 3074: 3045: 3018: 3012: 2955:and of many 2936: 2923:annexed the 2901:dictatorship 2898: 2891: 2852: 2817: 2805: 2787:rounded the 2758: 2724:, and later 2707: 2697: 2676: 2674: 2642:India (1961) 2637:India (1954) 2591:20th century 2575:China (1849) 2565:China (1846) 2539:19th century 2501:India (1752) 2496:India (1746) 2491:India (1746) 2461:India (1704) 2455:18th century 2444:India (1693) 2319:India (1639) 2304:India (1638) 2264:Jambi (1630) 2204:China (1622) 2159:India (1612) 2133:17th century 2072:India (1581) 2002:Japan (1565) 1987:Japan (1561) 1977:India (1559) 1922:India (1547) 1917:India (1546) 1822:Tunis (1535) 1802:India (1531) 1772:India (1526) 1737:China (1521) 1662:India (1510) 1657:India (1509) 1652:India (1508) 1632:India (1507) 1622:India (1506) 1617:India (1506) 1602:India (1504) 1586:16th century 1519:15th century 1505: 1319: 1287: 1275: 1211:Liberal Wars 1150: 890:Dutch Ceylon 583:Ming Dynasty 453:Succeeded by 452: 447: 61:Coat of arms 18: 17487:World War I 17477:Nationalism 17365:Reformation 17350:Renaissance 17322:Black Death 17255:Kievan Rus' 17158:Middle Ages 16352:Khwarezmian 16285:Carolingian 16090:Rashtrakuta 15794:Shaishunaga 15693:Hellenistic 15676:New Kingdom 15666:Old Kingdom 15366:Immigration 15341:Drug policy 15247:Agriculture 15123:Earthquakes 15007:Estado Novo 14997:World War I 14927:Renaissance 14835:Lusitanians 14825:Oestriminis 14584:Pena Palace 14228:Upper Peru 14202:Cisplatina 13960:Nova Scotia 13937:Terra Nova 13526:(Sri Lanka) 13417:Cranganore 13276:(Kozhikode) 13229:Pallipuram 13014:Khor Fakkan 12967:1521?–1551? 12791:A factory ( 12329:(El Jadida) 12303:(Essaouira) 12231:(El Jadida) 11918:. Praeger. 10045:11 December 9901:16 December 9453:Lisboa 2008 9424:Newitt 1995 9210:(1): 1–22. 8659:Navigations 8599:Newitt 2005 8575:Thomas 1997 8514:, p. 8 8461:Marley 2008 8440:Marley 2008 8425:Treece 2000 8408:Marley 2008 8396:Marley 2008 8230:Marley 2008 8218:Marley 2005 8206:Marley 2008 8179:Marley 2008 8167:Marley 2008 7821:Abir, p. 86 7758:Mathew 1988 7618:, p. 5 7269:Newitt 2005 7058:, p. 2 6871:Newitt 2005 6728:, p. 9 6658:Coates 2002 6607:Newitt 2005 6597:, p. 4 6568:Newitt 2005 6553:Newitt 2005 6303:Map of the 6257:. Also, in 6246:), Turkish 6244:p'ort'oxali 6215:), Persian 5990:Estado Novo 5782:World War I 5756:Luís Filipe 5705:Serpa Pinto 5632:Dom Pedro I 5500:captaincies 5448:manumission 5407:Mato Grosso 5393:and sugar. 5214:Al-Ya'arubs 5193:as well as 5035:, from the 4870:, Scottish 4769:captaincies 4745:São Vicente 4630:Catholicism 4606:Tanegashima 4576:requesting 4473:Portuguese 4368:, however, 4044:Hugli River 4026:discovered 3982:Abyssinians 3925:East Indies 3818:spice trade 3697:Trincomalee 3683:. Although 3675:arrived in 3451:of Portugal 3416:land-locked 3398:(1415–1769) 3384:, near the 3366:Congo River 3227:(1452) and 3220:papal bulls 3138:(1419) and 3128:spice trade 3020:reconquista 3017:lay in the 2947:and to the 2937:Estado Novo 2899:Estado Novo 2783:. In 1488, 2781:spice trade 2769:Reconquista 2139:Java (1601) 1777:Java (1527) 1348:(2020–2023) 1340:(2010–2014) 1289:Estado Novo 1106:Reconquista 993:History of 448:Preceded by 137:(1910–1999) 131:(1415–1910) 92:(1808–1821) 17609:Categories 17250:Viking Age 17065:Prehistory 16922:Portuguese 16803:Revival Le 16793:Vietnamese 16436:Later Tran 16406:Vietnamese 16302:Singhasari 16290:Holy Roman 15914:Bulgarian 15850:Satavahana 15821:Phoenician 15757:Achaemenid 15718:Indo-Greek 15698:Macedonian 15612:Babylonian 15441:Literature 15211:Parliament 15174:Government 15002:28 de Maio 14870:Al-Andalus 14537:residences 14526:(disputed) 13956:1516–1579? 13946:1500–1579? 13933:1500–1579? 13804:Ilha Verde 13754:East Timor 13440:Tuticorin 13336:Chittagong 13242:Negapatam 13193:Cannanore 13122:South Asia 12957:1521–1529? 12926:1515–1633? 12802:from 1879. 12785:from 1753. 12677:Ziguinchor 12609:Madagascar 12443:Cape Verde 12342:(Azemmour) 12024:. Ibrasa. 11725:2012-11-29 11662:B0006BWO3O 11486:2020-10-03 10862:2016-05-16 10281:2015-06-18 10102:2010-04-21 10004:2010-08-12 9968:2010-08-12 9852:2010-04-26 9746:2022-03-22 9596:2014-08-06 9074:Boxer 1969 9023:Ahmed 2011 8940:2017-08-27 8907:2017-08-27 8687:2022-03-26 8671:: 81–116. 8638:2009-05-08 8536:Boxer 1969 8485:Kamen 1999 8372:Ladle 2000 7783:0275988767 7633:Dodge 1976 7616:Jesus 1902 7602:2013-04-18 7550:2013-05-03 7521:2013-04-18 7218:Mehta 1980 7030:2014-09-01 6943:Boxer 1969 6811:White 2005 6787:Davis 2006 6714:Boxer 1969 6583:Boxer 1969 6487:References 6380:Portuguese 6268:portogallo 6263:Neapolitan 6233:bourtouqal 6172:people in 6143:East Timor 6122:in Macau. 6046:retornados 6042:East Timor 6033:Mozambique 6014:retornados 6010:Mozambique 5871:Mozambique 5855:Cape Verde 5536:Tiradentes 5463:earthquake 5391:brazilwood 5337:Portuguese 5212:under the 5163:Pernambuco 5140:Itinerario 5124:Itinerario 5120:Linschoten 4986:rule in a 4940:See also: 4876:Gloria Bay 4809:capitanias 4805:sugar cane 4797:sugar cane 4793:Pernambuco 4777:Cape Verde 4669:John Cabot 4504:Gelawdewos 4272:See also: 4136:arquebuses 4058:See also: 4036:Chittagong 4028:New Guinea 3933:Cape route 3885:See also: 3747:Madagascar 3729:conquered 3655:appointed 3617:Tangasseri 3613:Fort Kochi 3570:pau-brasil 3455:of Castile 3378:Cape Cross 3348:, a large 3287:Cape Verde 3281:, and the 3265:The first 3102:See also: 2873:in India ( 2818:When King 2681:Portuguese 1707:Goa (1517) 1179:Bragantine 1086:Al-Andalus 806:Cape Verde 778:Mozambique 188:Presidents 122:Government 101:Portuguese 37:Portuguese 17297:Feudalism 17268:Catalonia 16915:Couronian 16553:Ethiopian 16541:Manchukuo 16496:Brazilian 16342:Ghaznavid 16312:Srivijaya 16263:Trebizond 16248:Byzantine 16230:North Sea 16225:Norwegian 16213:Almoravid 16196:Ilkhanate 16166:Majapahit 16139:Muromachi 16048:Solomonic 16033:Ethiopian 15947:Caliphate 15880:Aragonese 15708:Ptolemaic 15451:Monuments 15371:Languages 15346:Education 15305:Transport 15221:President 15179:Judiciary 15164:Elections 15128:Volcanoes 15093:Mountains 15076:Geography 14865:Visigoths 14845:Gallaecia 14840:Lusitania 14689:Miguelism 14230:(Bolivia) 14211:1809–1817 14204:(Uruguay) 14198:1808–1822 14175:1772–1775 14165:1772–1775 14155:1751–1772 14134:1680–1777 14124:1621–1751 14101:1536–1620 14013:1500–1822 13829:(Hengqin) 13744:1642–1975 13723:1580–1586 13713:1557–1999 13707:Larantuka 13703:1515–1859 13693:1512–1665 13644:1512–1621 13634:1511–1641 13533:1558–1573 13520:1518–1658 13510:1518–1521 13463:Mangalore 13290:(Pulicat) 13208:1659–1661 13145:1498–1545 13080:1624–1648 13030:1621–1622 12987:1588–1648 12977:1550–1551 12936:1521–1602 12906:1515–1650 12886:1515–1648 12873:1515–1622 12863:1507–1643 12850:1506–1615 12760:1885–1974 12750:1879–1974 12729:1753–1975 12722:(Mombasa) 12720:Mombassa 12716:1728–1729 12693:1687–1974 12683:1680–1961 12673:1645–1888 12653:(Mombasa) 12651:Mombassa 12647:1593–1698 12635:1588–1974 12625:1575–1975 12615:1557–1578 12605:1508–1547 12595:1506–1511 12582:1505–1512 12572:1503–1698 12562:1502–1659 12552:1501–1975 12542:1500–1630 12519:1498–1540 12509:1482–1642 12496:1482–1637 12483:1478–1778 12473:1474–1778 12461:1471–1975 12449:1470–1975 12439:1462–1975 12429:1455–1633 12362:1577–1589 12349:1515–1541 12336:1513–1541 12323:1506–1769 12310:1506–1525 12297:1506–1525 12284:1505–1541 12248:1488–1541 12225:1485–1550 12215:1471–1662 12202:1471–1550 12189:1458–1550 12179:1415–1640 10823:. Knopf. 9515:162822016 9499:0018-246X 9040:1057-1515 8705:Lach 1994 8677:0874-8438 7293:Lach 1994 6695:Daus 1983 6595:Abernethy 6492:Citations 6274:purtuallo 6240:ფორთოხალი 6225:portocală 6221:porteghal 6205:portokali 6201:πορτοκάλι 6199:), Greek 6189:portokall 6102:in Lisbon 6077:Hong Kong 5741:Cape Town 5595:In 1808, 5452:mulattoes 5427:Paulistas 5411:gold rush 4912:ouvidores 4890:natives. 4884:Parapapuã 4872:Calvinist 4864:Mem de Sá 4840:São Paulo 4726:Francis I 4677:Greenland 4675:explored 4549:prazeiros 4519:Kongolose 4380:captured 4360:state of 4354:conquered 4140:bird guns 4130:matchlock 3999:Iberian ' 3952:privateer 3946:from the 3940:imports. 3929:Velha Goa 3793:in 1509. 3751:Mauritius 3685:Cankili I 3641:Cannanore 3561:Kozhikode 3488:longitude 3472:New World 3445:The 1494 3402:In 1488, 3370:Diogo Cão 3350:Castilian 3294:sugarcane 3240:latitudes 3212:Gil Eanes 3043:in 1411. 3027:from the 2722:factories 2706:) or the 1046:Gallaecia 1041:Lusitania 421:1974–1975 408:1961–1974 356:1640–1668 343:1588–1654 330:1580–1640 177:Manuel II 107:Religion 46:1415–1999 17536:See also 17507:Cold War 17302:Crusades 17272:Valencia 16895:Japanese 16858:Scottish 16838:American 16830:Colonial 16759:Imperial 16727:Moroccan 16663:Japanese 16641:Afsharid 16500:Burmese 16486:Austrian 16441:Later Le 16416:Early Le 16401:Venetian 16327:Tiwanaku 16240:Hellenic 16203:Moroccan 16134:Kamakura 16124:Japanese 16107:Saffarid 16060:Georgian 15974:Chalukya 15952:Rashidun 15942:Calakmul 15910:Bruneian 15789:Haryanka 15767:Sasanian 15762:Parthian 15713:Bactrian 15703:Seleucid 15683:Goguryeo 15661:Egyptian 15595:Assyrian 15585:Akkadian 15576:Colonies 15516:Category 15466:Religion 15376:Naturism 15206:Military 15142:Politics 15053:Language 15043:Military 15031:By topic 14897:Monarchs 14850:Hispania 14830:Ophiussa 14817:Timeline 14800:articles 14796:Portugal 14128:Maranhão 14105:Barbados 13950:Labrador 13727:Nagasaki 13697:Makassar 13560:Mylapore 13537:Maldives 13514:Maldives 13383:(Mumbai) 13325:Mylapore 13195:(Kannur) 12945:Muharraq 12805:Part of 12798:Part of 12788:Or 1600. 12781:Part of 12576:Zanzibar 12466:Príncipe 12454:São Tomé 12368:(Asilah) 12355:(Mehdya) 12327:Mazagan 12301:Mogador 12290:(Agadir) 12265:Graciosa 12229:Mazagan 12208:(Asilah) 11480:Archived 10856:Archived 10596:(2006). 10538:Archived 10395:(1969). 10275:Archived 10039:Archived 9962:Archived 9927:Archived 9895:Archived 9878:BBC News 9869:Archived 9846:Archived 9820:Archived 9782:Archived 9740:Archived 9590:Archived 9539:July 24, 8681:Archived 7803:Archived 7698:Ooi 2004 7568:Archived 7544:Archived 7281:Ooi 2009 7024:Archived 6967:Scammell 6415:See also 6409:, Kenya. 6255:birtukan 6248:portakal 6237:Georgian 6229:البرتقال 6213:portokal 6209:портокал 6197:portokal 6193:портокал 6170:Kristang 6054:occupied 5961:captured 5928:Cold War 5848:Tanzania 5776:republic 5733:Pink Map 5601:Dom João 5504:Salvador 5431:Emboabas 5376:Catholic 5349:concelho 5344:Candolim 5206:Safavids 5090:captured 5073:asientos 4988:dynastic 4868:Huguenot 4848:smallpox 4828:Salvador 4737:João III 4697:donatary 4614:Nagasaki 4610:firearms 4554:chikunda 4527:Afonso I 4475:carracks 4370:resisted 4348:and the 4238:Magellan 4148:Frankish 4118:Shuangyu 4106:Tuen Mun 4009:A Famosa 3801:ruling. 3681:cinnamon 3608:Immanuel 3596:and the 3557:Zamorins 3543:in 1497. 3424:Ethiopia 3338:alluvial 3322:Afonso V 3267:feitoria 3175:Ethiopia 3081:conquest 2982:". The 2961:returned 2871:enclaves 2812:Nagasaki 2718:colonies 1424:Timeline 1386:Military 1374:Language 1366:Archives 1074:Medieval 995:Portugal 984:a series 982:Part of 971:Portugal 146:Monarchs 135:Republic 129:Monarchy 17377:Baroque 17276:Majorca 17188:Francia 16962:largest 16957:Empires 16937:Swedish 16932:Spanish 16927:Russian 16890:Italian 16865:Chinese 16853:English 16848:British 16843:Belgian 16818:Vietnam 16808:Tay son 16754:Tsarist 16749:Russian 16744:Ottoman 16710:Dzungar 16705:Khoshut 16678:Mexican 16673:Maratha 16656:Pahlavi 16636:Safavid 16631:Iranian 16558:Haitian 16521:Chinese 16481:Ashanti 16453:Wagadou 16379:Eastern 16374:Western 16357:Timurid 16317:Tibetan 16307:Songhai 16297:Serbian 16218:Almohad 16208:Idrisid 16112:Samanid 16102:Tahirid 16097:Iranian 16075:Kannauj 16055:Genoese 15991:Chinese 15984:Eastern 15979:Western 15967:Fatimid 15962:Abbasid 15957:Umayyad 15930:Burmese 15890:Ayyubid 15885:Angevin 15855:Xianbei 15843:Eastern 15838:Western 15784:Magadha 15747:Iranian 15740:Xiongnu 15725:Hittite 15634:Chinese 15622:Kassite 15571:Ancient 15563:Empires 15500:Outline 15476:Symbols 15429:Cuisine 15411:Culture 15386:Poverty 15361:Housing 15319:Society 15300:Tourism 15275:Fishing 15235:Economy 15113:Regions 15103:Islands 15038:Economy 14808:History 14217:(Amapá) 13898:Madeira 13784:Coloane 13661:Ternate 13404:Baçaím 13394:Ponnani 13381:Bombay 13273:Calicut 13182:(Kochi) 13180:Cochim 13090:1624?–? 13054:Libedia 13020:1621?–? 12940:Bahrain 12916:1515?–? 12890:Quriyat 12879:(Ormus) 12877:Hormuz 12599:Socotra 12588:(Kilwa) 12586:Quíloa 12546:Malindi 12500:Elmina 12489:(Bioko) 12477:Annobón 12366:Arzila 12340:Azamor 12242:Ouadane 12219:Tangier 12206:Arzila 11971:12 July 11882:10 July 11067:(1997) 10227:12 July 9982:pt:CPLP 9933:12 July 9826:12 July 9660:12 July 9507:2638392 9409:10 July 9375:10 July 9183:10 July 8999:10 July 8811:10 July 8777:10 July 8692:Redalyc 8273:10 July 6407:Malindi 6388:Chinese 6282:arancia 6261:(e.g., 6252:Amharic 6174:Malacca 6131:Madeira 5827:U-boats 5811:Madeira 5516:mestizo 5508:Jesuits 5467:tsunami 5362:Fidalgo 5346:in the 5339:rule. 5318:of the 5314:and by 5310:of the 5292:Tangier 5179:Malacca 5007:António 4980:Morocco 4834:led by 4832:Jesuits 4773:Madeira 4628:spread 4510:in the 4445:Humayun 4441:Red Sea 4437:Bassein 4405:Mughals 4382:Bahrain 4327:Bahrain 4048:Chatins 3976:on the 3974:Malacca 3777:sultan 3735:Red Sea 3731:Socotra 3661:Viceroy 3645:Canonor 3602:Calicut 3598:Zamorin 3553:Calicut 3484:leagues 3480:duopoly 3431:padrões 3412:Ptolemy 3382:Namibia 3358:João II 3310:Antwerp 3306:Algarve 3302:Genoese 3244:Senegal 3235:caravel 3136:Madeira 3110:Infante 3053:crusade 3037:Castile 3033:Algarve 2921:Dahomey 2881:). 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