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1256:. Since 1871, railway building had given the French General Staff sixteen lines to the German frontier, against the thirteen available to the German army; the French could afford to wait until German intentions were clear. The French deployment was intended to be ready for a German offensive in Lorraine or through Belgium. It was anticipated that the Germans would use reserve troops but also expected that a large German army would be mobilised on the border with Russia, leaving the western army with sufficient troops only to advance through Belgium south of the Meuse and the Sambre rivers. French intelligence had obtained a map exercise of the German general staff of 1905, in which German troops had gone no further north than Namur and assumed that plans to besiege Belgian forts were a defensive measure against the Belgian army.
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160:
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56:
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tactical instructions stressing combined-arms operations and the importance of firepower, cavalry and infantry were poorly trained and attacked swiftly, with little tactical finesse. The German XIV and XV corps had been diverted from their concentration areas and by 13 August, had become exhausted and disorganised by the battle. Those citizens of Alsace who unwisely celebrated the appearance of the French army, were left to face German reprisals.
1492:(Schlucht Pass), where the Germans retreated and blew up the tunnel. Joffre had directed the First and Second armies to engage as many German divisions as possible to assist French forces operating further north. The French VII Corps (General Louis Bonneau) with the 14th Division (General Louis Curé), the 41st Division (General Paul Superbie) with the 8th Cavalry Division (General Louis Aubier) on the flank. The French advanced from Belfort to
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armies were to concentrate between Épinal and Verdun opposite Alsace and
Lorraine, the Fifth Army was to assemble from Montmédy to Sedan and Mézières and the Fourth Army was to be held back west of Verdun, ready to move east to attack the southern flank of a German invasion through Belgium or southwards against the northern flank of an attack through Lorraine. No formal provision was made for combined operations with the
1212:(western army). The main German force would still advance through Belgium and attack southwards into France, the French armies would be enveloped on the left and pressed back over the Meuse, Aisne, Somme, Oise, Marne and Seine, unable to withdraw into central France. The French would be annihilated, or the manoeuvre from the north would create conditions for victory in the centre or in Lorraine.
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invader. The army would also need fortifications for defence but they were on the frontier and there was a school of thought that wanted a return to a frontier deployment, in line with French theories of the offensive. Belgian plans became an unsatisfactory compromise, in which the field army concentrated behind the Gete river with two divisions forward at Liège and Namur.
1674:, which moved troops to the right flank. On 23 August, preparations were suspended as news arrived of the French defeats in Lorraine and Belgium and next day, the VII Corps was ordered to move to the Somme. On 26 August, the French withdrew from Mulhouse to a more defensible line near Altkirch, to provide reinforcements for the French armies closer to Paris and the 55th
1460:(First Army) mobilised with the VII, VIII, XIII, XXI, XIV corps and the 6th Cavalry Division. VII Corps, with the 14th and 41st divisions, a brigade of the 57th Reserve Division from Belfort and the 8th Cavalry Division, was detached from the First Army on 7 August for independent operations in southern Alsace. An attack into Alsace would begin the redemption of the
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was closed. On 1 August, the
British government ordered the mobilisation of the navy, the German government ordered general mobilisation and declared war on Russia. Hostilities commenced on the Polish frontier, the French government ordered general mobilisation and the next day, the German government
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devised a plan to evade the French frontier fortifications with an offensive on the northern flank, which would have a local numerical superiority and obtain rapidly a decisive victory. By 1898–1899, such a manoeuvre was intended to rapidly pass through
Belgium, between Antwerp and Namur and threaten
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German strategy had given priority to offensive operations against France and a defensive posture against Russia since 1891. German planning was determined by numerical inferiority, the speed of mobilisation and concentration and the effect of the vast increase of the power of modern weapons. Frontal
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7 August 1914 CHILDREN of ALSACE! After forty-four years of sorrowful waiting, French soldiers once more tread the soil of your noble country. They are the pioneers in the great work of revenge. For them what emotions it calls forth, and what pride! To complete the work they have made the sacrifice
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was captured. The most advanced troops had passed beyond the suburbs of Cernay and
Dannemarie on the western outskirts of the city by 16 August. On 18 August, VII Corps attacked Mulhouse and captured Altkirch on the south-eastern flank as the northern flank advanced towards Colmar and Neuf-Brisach.
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and demonstrate to Russia that the French army was fighting the common enemy. Bonneau reported a large concentration of German troops in the area and recommended delay but Joffre over-ruled him and ordered the attack to commence. Joffre issued
General Order No. 1 on 8 August, in which the operation
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A German attack from south-eastern
Belgium towards Mézières and a possible offensive from Lorraine towards Verdun, Nancy and St Dié was anticipated; the plan was an evolution from Plan XVI and made more provision for the possibility of a German offensive through Belgium. The First, Second and Third
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succeeded
Schlieffen in 1906 and was less certain that the French would conform to German assumptions. German strategy would need to become more opportunistic and Moltke modified German plans, to make them less rigid, making the offensives of 1914 the opening moves of what was expected to be a long
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Moltke added forces to the left wing after concluding that a possible French offensive into Alsace and
Lorraine, particularly from Belfort, had become a certainty. The 7th Army was to defeat an offensive in Alsace and co-operate with the 6th Army to defeat an offensive in Lorraine. After 1910, the
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had three corps and a reserve corps, with two corps from
Wissembourg to Saverne and Strasbourg, one corps on the west (left bank) of the Rhine from Colmar to Mulhouse and the reserve corps on the east (right bank) of the Rhine. The 6th Army was to assemble between Metz and Sarrebourg in Lorraine,
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and the
British government guaranteed naval protection for French coasts. On 3 August, the Belgian government refused German demands and Britain guaranteed military support to Belgium if Germany invaded. Germany declared war on France, the British government ordered general mobilisation and Italy
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Troops in the first French invasion of the war had encountered the extent of German firepower and the consequences of some of the flaws in the French army, which had an excess of elderly commanders, a shortage of regimental officers and was deficient in supplies of maps and intelligence. Despite
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were left to secure the frontiers. On mobilisation, the King became Commander-in-Chief and chose where the army was to concentrate. Amid the disruption of the new rearmament plan, the disorganised and poorly trained Belgian soldiers would benefit from a central position to delay contact with an
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A few border skirmishes took place after the declaration of war and German reconnaissance patrols found that the French had a chain of frontier posts, supported by larger fortified positions further back. After 5 August, more patrols were sent out as French troops advanced from
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With the capture of the Rhine bridges and valleys leading into the plain, the French had gained control of Upper Alsace. The French consolidated the captured ground and prepared to continue the offensive but the German 7th Army was left free to threaten the right flank of the
1523:. The German infantry emerged from the Hardt forest and advanced into the east side of the city. Communication on both sides failed and both fought isolated actions, the Germans making costly frontal attacks. As night fell, inexperienced German troops at the suburb of
1582:) Bonneau. The new army was reinforced with the 44th Division, the 55th Reserve Division, the 8th Cavalry Division and the 1st Group of Reserve Divisions (58th, 63rd and 66th Reserve divisions), to re-invade Alsace on 14 August as part of the larger offensive by the
1013:, the VII Corps commander, was sacked, along with the commander of the 8th Cavalry Division. Events further north led to the German XIV and XV corps being moved away from Belfort and a second French offensive by the French VII Corps, reinforced and renamed the
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and into the Mulhouse suburbs, where a house-to-house battle took place. The streets and houses of Dornach were captured systematically and by the evening of 19 August, the French again controlled the city. (The commander of the French 88th Division, General
1089:
Belgian military planning assumed that if there was an invasion, the guaranteeing powers of Belgian neutrality would evict the invaders. The Belgian state did not see France and Britain as allies and Belgium intended only to protect its independence. The
1247:
with "Groups of Reserve Divisions" attached to each army and a Group of Reserve Divisions on each of the extreme flanks. The armies were to concentrate opposite the German frontier around Épinal, Nancy and Verdun–Mezières, with an army in reserve around
1418:
Regiment 110 and a battery of heavy field howitzers were also added to the army under the provisional command of the XIV Corps commander. In 1914, the Swiss frontier was guarded by XIV Corps with the 58th Brigade and by XV Corps from Donon to the
1598:
planned to move two corps of the 7th Army towards Sarrebourg and Strasbourg; Heeringen objected because the French had not been decisively defeated but most of the 7th Army was moved north. The Army of Alsace began the new offensive against four
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war with no certainty of victory. Moltke adapted the deployment and concentration plan, to accommodate an attack in the centre or an enveloping attack from both flanks, by adding divisions to the left flank opposite the French frontier, from the
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battalions, some artillery and cavalry. The mobilisation and deployment was completed from 8 to 13 August but the German troops were concentrated further north than anticipated, to be ready to meet a French offensive from Belfort with
1374:
7th Army was to attack with the 6th Army towards the Moselle below Frouard and the Meurthe; provision was also made for the movement of troops to the right wing of the German armies by reserving trains and wagons in the region.
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of their lives. The French nation unanimously urges them on, and in the folds of their flag are inscribed the magic words, "Right and Liberty". Long live Alsace. Long live France. General-in-Chief of the French Armies, JOFFRE.
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ordered the offensive to continue but by 23 August, preparations were halted as news of the French defeats in Lorraine and the Ardennes arrived. On 26 August, the French withdrew from Mulhouse to a more defensible line near
1701:
wrote that the French attacks at Mulhouse had been fought in the wrong place (the south) for the wrong reason (prestige). Joffre only wanted German forces pinned down in the south and the Germans wanted the same but the
1054:, to provide reinforcements for the French armies closer to Paris. The Army of Alsace was disbanded, the VII Corps was transferred to the Somme area in Picardy and the 8th Cavalry Division was attached to the
1722:
wrote that the French official history concentrated on formations no smaller than corps, that army records of the operations are sparse, regimental histories are of limited value and there are no monographs.
1515:, preferred to dig in and wait for mobilisation to finish but Joffre ordered the advance to continue. In the early morning of 9 August, parts of the XIV and XV Corps of the German 7th Army arrived from
960:
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attacks were expected to be costly and protracted, leading to limited success, particularly after the French and Russians modernised their fortifications on the frontiers with Germany.
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sent an ultimatum to Belgium, demanding passage through Belgian territory, as German troops were crossing the frontier of Luxembourg. Military operations began on the French frontier,
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On 8 August, Bonneau cautiously continued the advance and occupied Mulhouse, shortly after the German 58th Infantry Brigade retreated. The First Army commander, General
325:
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2341:. Germany's Western Front: Translations from the German Official History of the Great War. Vol. I. Part 1. Waterloo, Canada: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
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1038:). The French reached the area west of Mulhouse by 16 August and fought their way into the city by 19 August. The German survivors were pursued eastwards over the
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Brigade re-occupied the town. The Army of Alsace was disbanded and the 8th Cavalry Division was attached to the First Army, two more divisions being sent later.
1340:
In 1908, Moltke began to alter plans for operations on the left wing of the German armies against France and chose XIV Corps to protect Upper Alsace and several
1653:.) After being overrun, the Germans withdrew hastily through the Hardt forest to avoid being cut off and crossed the Rhine pursued by the French, retreating to
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1317:. Belgium severed diplomatic relations with Germany and Germany declared war on Belgium. German troops crossed the Belgian frontier and attacked Liège.
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1622:. On the left flank, two divisions advanced with Chasseur battalions, which had moved into the Fecht valley on 12 August. On the evening of 14 August,
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35 km (22 mi) to the north-east but were hampered by the breakdown of the supply service and delays. The French seized the border town of
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92:
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1094:(1904) led the Belgians to believe that the British saw Belgium as a British protectorate. A Belgian General Staff was formed in 1910 but the
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2362:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. London:
4270:
4200:
3839:
3058:
2969:
2317:]. Guides Illustrés Michelin des Champs de Bataille (1914–1918) (in French). Vol. IV. Clemont-Ferrand: Michelin & Cie. 1920.
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The Army of Alsace was dissolved on 26 August and many of its units distributed among the remaining French armies. In a 2009 publication,
304:
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1527:, east of Mulhouse, fired wildly, wasting huge amounts of ammunition and occasionally shooting at each other, one regiment suffering
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1028:, the principal French offensive by the First and Second armies, the Army of Alsace advanced cautiously into the border province of
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were killed in the capture of Altkirch. In 2009, Holger Herwig wrote that on 10 August, the German Infantry Regiment 112 suffered
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declared neutrality. On 4 August, the British government sent an ultimatum to Germany and declared war on Germany at midnight on
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1118:. He began planning for the concentration of the army in the centre of the country and met with railway officials on 29 July.
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by VII Corps was to pin down the German forces opposite and to attract reserves away from the main offensive further north.
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Die Schlacht in Lothringen und in den Vogesen 1914 die Feuertaufe der Bayerischen Armee. 2 Ereignisse nach dem 22. August
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Information on casualties during the fighting around Mulhouse is incomplete but during the first French advance,
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fought a delaying action as the French advanced from Belfort with two divisions on the right passing through
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43:
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1543:. Further north, the French XXI Corps made costly attacks on mountain passes and were forced back from
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2497:(Report). CGSS Student Papers, 1930–1936. Fort Leavenworth, KS: The Command and General Staff School.
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L'Alsace et les Combats des Vosges 1914–1918: Le Balcon d'Alsace, le Vieil-Armand, la Route des Crêtes
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20:
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on 8 August and were then forced out by German counter-attacks on 10 August. The French retired to
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39:
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Alsace and the Vosges Battles 1914–1918: The Balcony of Alsace, Old-Armand and the Ridge Road
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prisoners and eight guns; civilians were accused of attacking German troops and subjected to
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brigades to secure the Upper Rhine. Later plans added forces to the region and by 1909, the
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227:
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8:
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The Schlieffen Plan: International Perspectives on the German Strategy for World War I
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The Germans were forced back from high ground west of Mulhouse on both banks of the
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511:
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1268:, the French had been told that six divisions could be expected to operate around
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The Marne, 1914: The Opening of World War I and the Battle that Changed the World
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15 km (9.3 mi) south of Mulhouse with a bayonet charge for a loss of
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during the counter-attack on Mulhouse. The fighting on 19 August resulted in
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troops, changed the ratio of forces between the left and right wings of the
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Under Plan XVII, the French peacetime army was to form five field armies of
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the German government sent an ultimatum to Russia and announced a state of
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Der Weltkrieg 1914: The Battle of the Frontiers and Pursuit to the Marne
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massing eight corps on the left wing of the German armies in the west (
997:, which France had ceded to the new empire following its defeat in the
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1290:. During the day, the Ottoman government ordered mobilisation and the
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993:. The battle was part of a French attempt to recover the province of
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1109:, was retired on 30 June 1912 and was replaced only in May 1914, by
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Mulhouse was recaptured on 10 August and Bonneau withdrew towards
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Dictionnaire des Généraux et Amiraux Francais de la Grande Guerre
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1524:
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2568:(Trans. ed.). Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky.
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Pyrrhic victory: French Strategy and Operations in the Great War
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19:
This article is about the 1914 battle. For the 1674 battle, see
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had descended. In his 2014 edited and condensed translation of
1497:
1264:(EF) but joint arrangements had been made. In 1911, during the
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took part in the counter-offensive in Lorraine with the German
994:
985:), which began on 7 August 1914, was the opening attack of the
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1900:
1888:
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2274:] (in French). Vol. II. Paris: Archives et Culture.
2018:
1806:
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1657:, 20 km (12 mi) to the north. The French captured
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Dictionary of French Generals and Admirals of the Great War
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2006:
1392:) the XIV and XV corps, the XIV Reserve Corps and the 60th
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1801:
1058:, to which two more divisions were sent later. The German
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2037:
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2220:(cond. Eng trans. ed.). Stroud: The History Press.
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The First Battle of the First World War: Alsace-Lorraine
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1954:
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troops were taken prisoner in the region of Mulhouse.
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in eastern France, near the Swiss and German frontiers
2409:(Westholme, PA ed.). New York: Longmans, Green.
2137:
2089:
1785:
French Proclamation on Invasion of Alsace at Mulhouse
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1982:
1951:
2101:
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1398:Brigade, to deploy from Strasbourg to Mulhouse and
1779:Having entered Mulhouse on 7 August 1914, General
1751:German casualties, one company being reduced from
1635:Second French capture of Mulhouse, 18 August 1914
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2390:. Vol. I. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1402:and the command of fortresses at Strasbourg and
374:
3576:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers
2564:]. Foreign Military Studies. Translated by
1576:in command of a new Army of Alsace and sacked (
1121:The field army was to assemble in front of the
16:1914 battle on the Western Front of World War I
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2167:
2024:
1921:
1906:
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1822:
1567:German counter-attack, Mulhouse, 9 August 1914
1066:and in early September was transferred to the
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2492:Battle of Morhange–Sarrebourg, 20 August 1914
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1715:Die Schlacht in Lothringen und in den Vogesen
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1033:
4059:
2356:Skinner, H. T.; Stacke, H. Fitz M. (1922).
4756:Battles of the Western Front (World War I)
2622:
2608:
2562:Der Schlieffenplan: Analysen und Dokumente
2266:Gehin, Gérard; Lucas, Jean-Pierre (2008).
2265:
2055:
1406:. The 1st and 2nd Bavarian brigades, 55th
471:
457:
367:
353:
2211:
2131:
1478:French capture of Mulhouse, 8 August 1914
1438:counter-attacks from the north and east.
1137:
156:
4766:Battles of World War I involving Germany
3858:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary
2385:
2307:
2171:
2043:
2012:
1870:
1858:
1846:
1810:
1629:
1561:
1472:
1329:
1235:Western Front deployments, 2 August 1914
1229:
1151:
141:
4761:Battles of World War I involving France
4235:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
2474:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2243:
2195:Paths of Glory: The French Army 1914–18
2192:
2143:
2095:
1976:
1972:
1945:
1664:and considerable amounts of equipment.
4738:
2531:from the original on 20 September 2008
2489:
2288:
2155:
2119:
2083:
2071:
2000:
1960:
1649:was mortally wounded in the battle at
1441:
1335:Course of the Ill River through Alsace
1325:
1275:
1125:, ready to face any border, while the
4188:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia
3531:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele)
2603:
2590:Firstworldwar.com: Battle of Mulhouse
2430:
1988:
1357:), which with fortress garrisons and
452:
348:
4592:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
2404:
2337:Humphries, M. O.; Maker, J. (2013).
2107:
2067:
1933:
1097:Chef d'État-Major Général de l'Armée
4521:Ottomans against the Triple Entente
3322:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes
1425:, with several infantry regiments,
1085:Belgian Army order of battle (1914)
13:
3261:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes
2545:
2436:. Vol. I. London. 1914–1921.
1755:to sixteen. It is also known that
1226:French Army order of battle (1914)
1148:German Army order of battle (1914)
1001:of 1870–1871. The French occupied
14:
4797:
2583:
1618:at the head of the valley of the
1116:Antonin de Selliers de Moranville
478:
3624:Second Battle of the Piave River
3246:Russian invasion of East Prussia
2251:. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.
1206:expected to be mobilised in the
311:
310:
303:
221:
206:
194:
182:
158:
143:
54:
4688:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo
3888:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
2629:
2595:Historyofwar.org: Mulhouse 1914
2180:
1773:
989:by the French Army against the
4511:Austria-Hungary against Serbia
4370:Deportations from East Prussia
4167:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia
2556:; Gross, G. P., eds. (2014) .
2407:The Campaign of the Marne 1914
1718:1914 by Karl Deuringer (1929)
1196:Helmuth von Moltke the Younger
33:Battle of Mulhouse (Mülhausen)
1:
4781:Military history of Grand Est
4422:Ukrainian Canadian internment
1849:, pp. 190, 172–173, 178.
1726:
1241:
1200:
1073:
4577:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement
3876:Estonian War of Independence
3551:Southern Palestine offensive
2433:The Times History of the War
2388:The First World War: To Arms
1795:
1683:
1377:The deployment plan for the
1215:
378:Battle of the Frontiers 1914
7:
4531:USA against Austria-Hungary
3930:Turkish War of Independence
3882:Latvian War of Independence
3614:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918
3205:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo
2527:. MilitaryHistoryWiki.org.
1688:
1383:allocated to the 7th Army (
1131:Fortified Position of Namur
1127:Fortified Position of Liège
1123:National redoubt of Belgium
941:Western Front tactics, 1917
10:
4802:
4614:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk
4162:1899–1923 cholera pandemic
3629:Second Battle of the Marne
3516:Second battle of the Aisne
3385:Second Battle of Champagne
3226:German invasion of Belgium
2359:Principal Events 1914–1918
2293:. New York: Random House.
2168:Humphries & Maker 2013
2025:Humphries & Maker 2013
1922:Humphries & Maker 2013
1907:Humphries & Maker 2013
1895:Humphries & Maker 2013
1835:Humphries & Maker 2013
1823:Humphries & Maker 2013
1551:, where the 6th Army took
1445:
1320:
1299:was bombarded by a German
1219:
1141:
1082:
1078:
60:Operations in Alsace, 1914
18:
4720:
4679:
4600:
4539:
4501:
4445:
4434:
4395:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo)
4338:
4310:
4258:
4180:
4154:
4106:
3999:
3992:
3924:Irish War of Independence
3820:
3702:
3674:Armistice of Villa Giusti
3659:Battle of Vittorio Veneto
3584:
3486:
3413:
3314:
3271:First Battle of the Marne
3218:
3180:
3115:
3106:
3049:
2923:
2912:
2878:
2850:
2812:
2764:
2717:
2710:
2637:
1883:Skinner & Stacke 1922
1468:
488:
386:
330:Mulhouse, now a city and
298:
285:
233:
172:
135:
64:
53:
37:
32:
21:Battle of Mulhouse (1674)
4547:Constantinople Agreement
3840:Armenian–Azerbaijani War
3703:Co-belligerent conflicts
3679:Second Romanian campaign
3649:Third Transjordan attack
3360:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive
3266:Battle of Grand Couronné
2525:"The Battle of Mulhouse"
2232:Originally published as
2212:Deuringer, Karl (2014).
1766:
1519:and counter-attacked at
4610:Modus vivendi of Acroma
4562:Bulgaria–Germany treaty
3870:Greater Poland Uprising
3770:National Protection War
3654:Meuse–Argonne offensive
3604:German spring offensive
3599:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
3375:Siege of Novogeorgievsk
3350:Second Battle of Artois
3231:Battle of the Frontiers
2238:Bayerische Kriegsarchiv
1783:issued a proclamation:
1021:), began on 14 August.
829:German spring offensive
72:7–10, 14–26 August 1914
40:Battle of the Frontiers
4635:Paris Peace Conference
4623:Ukraine–Central Powers
4417:Massacres of Albanians
4385:Late Ottoman genocides
4192:Bulgarian occupations
3900:Third Anglo-Afghan War
3864:Hungarian–Romanian War
3689:Naval Victory Bulletin
3684:Armistice with Germany
3634:Hundred Days Offensive
3561:Battle of La Malmaison
3511:Second battle of Arras
3478:Battle of Transylvania
3332:Second Battle of Ypres
3200:Sarajevo assassination
3089:South African Republic
2490:Koenig, E. F. (1933).
2056:Gehin & Lucas 2008
1714:
1676:
1670:
1637:
1610:
1601:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1569:
1480:
1454:
1427:
1421:
1414:
1408:
1394:
1385:
1379:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1342:
1337:
1286:
1266:Second Moroccan Crisis
1237:
1208:
1192:Paris from the north.
1181:
1164:
1138:Schlieffen–Moltke Plan
1111:
1102:
1096:
1034:
982:
968:
173:Commanders and leaders
4645:Treaty of St. Germain
4618:Russia–Central Powers
4572:Sykes–Picot Agreement
4400:Pontic Greek genocide
4375:Destruction of Kalisz
4351:Eastern Mediterranean
3912:Polish–Lithuanian War
3694:Armistice of Belgrade
3664:Armistice of Salonica
3594:Operation Faustschlag
3541:Third Battle of Oituz
3463:Baranovichi offensive
3431:Lake Naroch offensive
3405:Battle of Robat Karim
3380:Vistula–Bug offensive
3355:Battles of the Isonzo
3286:First Battle of Ypres
2386:Strachan, H. (2001).
2158:, pp. 77–78, 89.
1647:Louis Victor Plessier
1633:
1565:
1476:
1333:
1315:Central European Time
1292:London Stock Exchange
1245: 2,000,000 men,
1233:
1183:Oberste Heeresleitung
1170:Alfred von Schlieffen
1155:
1015:French Army of Alsace
286:Casualties and losses
4776:History of Haut-Rhin
4640:Treaty of Versailles
4356:Mount Lebanon famine
4271:in the United States
4239:Russian occupations
3953:Turkish–Armenian War
3894:Polish–Ukrainian War
3834:Ukrainian–Soviet War
3781:Central Asian Revolt
3571:Armistice of Focșani
3301:Battle of Sarikamish
3251:Battle of Tannenberg
2647:Military engagements
2193:Clayton, A. (2003).
2070:, pp. 131–132;
1596:Rupprecht of Bavaria
1400:Freiburg im Breisgau
1390:Josias von Heeringen
1204: 1,700,000 men
1177:German General Staff
1092:Anglo-French Entente
1042:and the French took
936:French Army mutinies
931:1914 Christmas truce
701:Hohenzollern Redoubt
326:class=notpageimage|
278:(30,000 men engaged)
228:Josias von Heeringen
108:47.74944°N 7.34000°E
4707:They shall not pass
4630:Treaty of Bucharest
4587:Treaty of Bucharest
4526:USA against Germany
4503:Declarations of war
4207:German occupations
4120:British casualties
3979:Soviet–Georgian War
3906:Egyptian Revolution
3846:Armeno-Georgian War
3710:Somaliland campaign
3669:Armistice of Mudros
3546:Battle of Caporetto
3536:Battle of Mărășești
3506:Zimmermann telegram
3501:February Revolution
3446:Battle of the Somme
3370:Bug-Narew Offensive
3345:Battle of Gallipoli
3337:Sinking of the RMS
3129:Scramble for Africa
3123:Franco-Prussian War
2779:Sinai and Palestine
2289:Herwig, H. (2009).
2236:by Karl Deuringer,
2197:. London: Cassell.
2015:, pp. 211–212.
1936:, pp. 357, 61.
1873:, pp. 195–198.
1813:, pp. 209–211.
1572:Joffre put General
1442:French preparations
1326:German preparations
1276:Declarations of war
1262:Expeditionary Force
999:Franco-Prussian War
973:), also called the
925:Associated articles
642:Hartmannswillerkopf
502:Invasion of Belgium
104: /
4751:August 1914 events
4667:Treaty of Lausanne
4582:Paris Economy Pact
4516:UK against Germany
4446:Entry into the war
4412:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan)
4131:Ottoman casualties
3941:Franco-Turkish War
3821:Post-War conflicts
3805:Russian Revolution
3787:Invasion of Darfur
3752:Kelantan rebellion
3740:Kurdish rebellions
3716:Mexican Revolution
3556:October Revolution
3521:Kerensky offensive
3496:Capture of Baghdad
3473:Monastir offensive
3458:Brusilov offensive
3296:Battle of Kolubara
3135:Russo-Japanese War
2405:Tyng, S. (2007) .
1825:, pp. 66, 69.
1638:
1570:
1490:Col de la Schlucht
1481:
1338:
1238:
1165:
1112:Lieutenant-Général
1103:Lieutenant-Général
1026:Battle of Lorraine
956:Battle of Mulhouse
4771:Conflicts in 1914
4733:
4732:
4716:
4715:
4700:The Golden Virgin
4694:Mutilated victory
4675:
4674:
4655:Treaty of Trianon
4650:Treaty of Neuilly
4557:Damascus Protocol
4430:
4429:
4390:Armenian genocide
4347:Allied blockades
4319:Belgian refugees
4102:
4101:
4012:Strategic bombing
3988:
3987:
3973:Franco-Syrian War
3947:Greco-Turkish War
3935:Anglo-Turkish War
3918:Polish–Soviet War
3852:German Revolution
3828:Russian Civil War
3811:Finnish Civil War
3644:Battle of Megiddo
3619:Battle of Goychay
3566:Battle of Cambrai
3526:Battle of Mărăști
3441:Battle of Jutland
3421:Erzurum offensive
3276:Siege of Przemyśl
3256:Siege of Tsingtao
3241:Battle of Galicia
3171:Second Balkan War
3159:Italo-Turkish War
3116:Pre-War conflicts
3102:
3101:
2992:Portuguese Empire
2908:
2907:
2870:German New Guinea
2852:Asian and Pacific
2575:978-0-8131-4746-8
2457:cite encyclopedia
2416:978-1-59416-042-4
2397:978-0-19-926191-8
2348:978-1-55458-373-7
2300:978-1-4000-6671-1
2281:978-2-35077-070-3
2258:978-0-674-01880-8
2227:978-0-7524-6086-4
2204:978-0-304-35949-3
2003:, pp. 77–78.
1948:, pp. 56–57.
1909:, pp. 81–82.
1897:, pp. 75–76.
1282:31 July/1 August,
983:Bataille d'Alsace
949:
948:
775:Nivelle offensive
549:Trouée de Charmes
446:
445:
433:Trouée de Charmes
343:
342:
131:
130:
113:47.74944; 7.34000
4793:
4660:Treaty of Sèvres
4552:Treaty of London
4443:
4442:
4221:Northeast France
4152:
4151:
4124:Parliamentarians
4057:
4056:
4019:Chemical weapons
3997:
3996:
3758:Senussi campaign
3728:Muscat rebellion
3722:Maritz rebellion
3639:Vardar offensive
3468:Battle of Romani
3436:Battle of Asiago
3426:Battle of Verdun
3390:Kosovo offensive
3165:First Balkan War
3113:
3112:
3012:Russian Republic
2921:
2920:
2715:
2714:
2657:Economic history
2624:
2617:
2610:
2601:
2600:
2579:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2496:
2479:
2472:
2466:
2462:
2460:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2420:
2401:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2352:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2304:
2285:
2262:
2240:, München, 1929.
2231:
2208:
2175:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2147:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2111:
2105:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2075:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1949:
1943:
1937:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1910:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1814:
1808:
1789:
1777:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1717:
1679:
1673:
1663:
1660:
1613:
1604:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1554:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1507:
1459:
1432:
1424:
1417:
1411:
1397:
1388:
1382:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1345:
1313:
1289:
1283:
1246:
1243:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1190:
1186:
1114:
1105:
1099:
1045:
1044:3,000 prisoners.
1037:
1009:, where General
975:Battle of Alsace
963:
888:St Quentin Canal
483:
473:
466:
459:
450:
449:
381:
379:
369:
362:
355:
346:
345:
314:
313:
307:
226:
225:
211:
210:
199:
198:
187:
186:
168:
164:
162:
161:
153:
149:
147:
146:
119:
118:
116:
115:
114:
109:
105:
102:
101:
100:
97:
66:
65:
58:
30:
29:
4801:
4800:
4796:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4746:1914 in Germany
4736:
4735:
4734:
4729:
4712:
4671:
4603:
4596:
4567:Treaty of Darin
4535:
4497:
4453:Austria-Hungary
4439:
4426:
4407:Rape of Belgium
4334:
4306:
4254:
4248:Western Armenia
4243:Eastern Galicia
4176:
4150:
4114:
4113:Civilian impact
4112:
4098:
4055:
3984:
3816:
3746:Ovambo Uprising
3698:
3580:
3482:
3409:
3327:Battle of Łomża
3310:
3306:Christmas truce
3281:Race to the Sea
3214:
3176:
3098:
3069:Austria-Hungary
3045:
2980:Empire of Japan
2917:
2915:
2904:
2888:U-boat campaign
2874:
2846:
2808:
2760:
2706:
2687:Popular culture
2633:
2628:
2586:
2576:
2548:
2546:Further reading
2543:
2534:
2532:
2523:
2507:
2505:
2494:
2473:
2464:
2463:
2454:
2453:
2446:
2444:
2417:
2398:
2376:
2374:
2349:
2327:
2325:
2301:
2282:
2259:
2228:
2205:
2183:
2178:
2170:, p. 128;
2166:
2162:
2154:
2150:
2142:
2138:
2130:
2126:
2118:
2114:
2106:
2102:
2094:
2090:
2082:
2078:
2066:
2062:
2054:
2050:
2042:
2031:
2023:
2019:
2011:
2007:
1999:
1995:
1987:
1983:
1971:
1967:
1959:
1952:
1944:
1940:
1932:
1928:
1920:
1913:
1905:
1901:
1893:
1889:
1881:
1877:
1869:
1865:
1857:
1853:
1845:
1841:
1833:
1829:
1821:
1817:
1809:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1792:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1691:
1686:
1662:3,000 prisoners
1661:
1658:
1636:
1594:into Lorraine.
1568:
1552:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1505:
1479:
1471:
1450:
1444:
1370:
1336:
1328:
1323:
1311:
1281:
1280:At midnight on
1278:
1244:
1236:
1228:
1220:Main articles:
1218:
1203:
1188:
1163:
1162:, 4 August 1914
1150:
1144:Schlieffen Plan
1142:Main articles:
1140:
1107:Harry Jungbluth
1087:
1081:
1076:
1043:
987:First World War
959:
952:
951:
950:
945:
922:
726:Vimy Ridge 1916
603:Race to the Sea
571:1st St. Quentin
493:
484:
479:
477:
447:
442:
382:
377:
375:
373:
339:
338:
337:
336:
335:
328:
322:
321:
320:
319:
315:
281:
258:
220:
217:
205:
193:
181:
159:
157:
144:
142:
112:
110:
106:
103:
98:
95:
93:
91:
90:
89:
59:
48:First World War
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4799:
4789:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4727:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4710:
4703:
4696:
4691:
4683:
4681:
4677:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4669:
4664:
4663:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4632:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4620:
4612:
4606:
4604:
4602:Peace treaties
4601:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4543:
4541:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4507:
4505:
4499:
4498:
4496:
4495:
4490:
4488:United Kingdom
4485:
4480:
4478:Ottoman Empire
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4449:
4447:
4440:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4403:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4382:
4380:Sack of Dinant
4377:
4372:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4360:
4359:
4358:
4344:
4342:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4330:
4328:United Kingdom
4325:
4316:
4314:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4304:
4303:
4302:
4297:
4288:
4282:POW locations
4280:
4275:
4274:
4273:
4264:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4245:
4237:
4232:
4231:
4230:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4205:
4204:
4203:
4198:
4190:
4184:
4182:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4158:
4156:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4146:
4141:
4133:
4128:
4127:
4126:
4117:
4115:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4082:United Kingdom
4079:
4077:Ottoman Empire
4074:
4069:
4063:
4061:
4054:
4053:
4051:Trench warfare
4048:
4047:
4046:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4015:
4014:
4003:
4001:
3994:
3990:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3976:
3970:
3964:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3950:
3944:
3938:
3927:
3921:
3915:
3909:
3903:
3897:
3891:
3885:
3879:
3873:
3867:
3861:
3855:
3849:
3843:
3837:
3831:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3808:
3802:
3796:
3790:
3784:
3778:
3772:
3767:
3764:Volta-Bani War
3761:
3755:
3749:
3743:
3737:
3731:
3725:
3719:
3713:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3609:Zeebrugge Raid
3606:
3601:
3596:
3590:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3492:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3400:Battle of Loos
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3291:Black Sea raid
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3222:
3220:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3196:
3195:
3193:Historiography
3184:
3182:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3168:
3162:
3156:
3150:
3147:Bosnian Crisis
3144:
3141:Tangier Crisis
3138:
3132:
3126:
3119:
3117:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3074:Ottoman Empire
3071:
3066:
3061:
3055:
3053:
3051:Central Powers
3047:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3034:British Empire
3029:United Kingdom
3026:
3021:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3007:Russian Empire
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2961:
2960:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2929:
2927:
2925:Entente Powers
2918:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2893:North Atlantic
2884:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2856:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2818:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2804:Central Arabia
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2770:
2768:
2766:Middle Eastern
2762:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2741:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2723:
2721:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2667:Historiography
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2627:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2585:
2584:External links
2582:
2581:
2580:
2574:
2566:Zabecki, D. T.
2547:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2515:
2514:
2481:
2480:
2425:Encyclopaedias
2422:
2421:
2415:
2402:
2396:
2383:
2353:
2347:
2334:
2305:
2299:
2286:
2280:
2263:
2257:
2245:Doughty, R. A.
2241:
2226:
2209:
2203:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2160:
2148:
2136:
2132:Deuringer 2014
2124:
2112:
2110:, p. 357.
2100:
2088:
2076:
2074:, p. 103.
2060:
2058:, p. 432.
2048:
2029:
2027:, p. 128.
2017:
2005:
1993:
1991:, p. 387.
1981:
1975:, p. 57;
1965:
1950:
1938:
1926:
1911:
1899:
1887:
1875:
1863:
1861:, p. 194.
1851:
1839:
1837:, p. 131.
1827:
1815:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1728:
1725:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1634:
1566:
1513:Auguste Dubail
1477:
1470:
1467:
1462:lost provinces
1448:Army of Alsace
1443:
1440:
1334:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1277:
1274:
1234:
1217:
1214:
1156:
1139:
1136:
1083:Main article:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
947:
946:
944:
943:
938:
933:
921:
920:
918:Lys and Escaut
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
859:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
820:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
798:
797:
792:
787:
782:
772:
765:
754:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
687:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
665:
664:
654:
649:
647:Neuve Chapelle
644:
639:
628:
627:
622:
620:Winter actions
617:
616:
615:
610:
600:
595:
590:
585:
583:Grand Couronné
580:
575:
574:
573:
568:
563:
553:
552:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
521:
520:
519:
514:
509:
499:
489:
486:
485:
476:
475:
468:
461:
453:
444:
443:
441:
440:
438:Grand Couronné
435:
430:
425:
420:
419:
418:
408:
403:
398:
393:
387:
384:
383:
372:
371:
364:
357:
349:
341:
340:
329:
324:
323:
317:
316:
309:
308:
302:
301:
300:
299:
296:
295:
292:
288:
287:
283:
282:
280:
279:
276:
267:
261:
259:
257:
256:
254:Army of Alsace
251:
248:
245:
239:
236:
235:
231:
230:
218:
216:
215:
203:
191:
189:Auguste Dubail
178:
175:
174:
170:
169:
154:
138:
137:
133:
132:
129:
128:
127:German victory
125:
121:
120:
80:
78:
74:
73:
70:
62:
61:
51:
50:
35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4798:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4719:
4709:
4708:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4689:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4678:
4668:
4665:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4637:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4599:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4538:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4504:
4500:
4494:
4493:United States
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4444:
4441:
4438:
4433:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4364:
4361:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4341:
4337:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4309:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4261:
4257:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4179:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4153:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4110:
4105:
4095:
4094:United States
4092:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4058:
4052:
4049:
4045:
4044:Convoy system
4042:
4041:
4040:
4039:Naval warfare
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3995:
3991:
3980:
3977:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3965:
3962:
3959:
3954:
3951:
3948:
3945:
3942:
3939:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3931:
3928:
3925:
3922:
3919:
3916:
3913:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3898:
3895:
3892:
3889:
3886:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3874:
3871:
3868:
3865:
3862:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3850:
3847:
3844:
3841:
3838:
3835:
3832:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3819:
3812:
3809:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3799:Kaocen revolt
3797:
3794:
3793:Easter Rising
3791:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3750:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3723:
3720:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3701:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3583:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3485:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3412:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3365:Great Retreat
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3236:Battle of Cer
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3153:Agadir Crisis
3151:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3042:
3041:United States
3039:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2959:
2958:French Empire
2956:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2919:
2911:
2901:
2900:Mediterranean
2898:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2880:Naval warfare
2877:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2757:
2756:Italian Front
2754:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2744:Eastern Front
2742:
2740:
2739:Western Front
2737:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2713:
2709:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2697:Puppet states
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2636:
2632:
2625:
2620:
2618:
2613:
2611:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2577:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2554:Epkenhans, M.
2550:
2549:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2504:
2500:
2493:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2477:
2470:
2458:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2418:
2412:
2408:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2389:
2384:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2354:
2350:
2344:
2340:
2335:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2302:
2296:
2292:
2287:
2283:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2264:
2260:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2174:, p. 37.
2173:
2172:Michelin 1920
2169:
2164:
2157:
2152:
2146:, p. 20.
2145:
2140:
2134:, p. 10.
2133:
2128:
2122:, p. 80.
2121:
2116:
2109:
2104:
2098:, p. 22.
2097:
2092:
2085:
2080:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2057:
2052:
2046:, p. 37.
2045:
2044:Michelin 1920
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2026:
2021:
2014:
2013:Strachan 2001
2009:
2002:
1997:
1990:
1985:
1979:, p. 20.
1978:
1974:
1969:
1963:, p. 76.
1962:
1957:
1955:
1947:
1942:
1935:
1930:
1924:, p. 95.
1923:
1918:
1916:
1908:
1903:
1896:
1891:
1884:
1879:
1872:
1871:Strachan 2001
1867:
1860:
1859:Strachan 2001
1855:
1848:
1847:Strachan 2001
1843:
1836:
1831:
1824:
1819:
1812:
1811:Strachan 2001
1807:
1805:
1800:
1786:
1782:
1781:Joseph Joffre
1776:
1772:
1764:
1750:
1724:
1721:
1720:Terence Zuber
1716:
1711:
1708:described by
1707:
1706:
1700:
1699:Holger Herwig
1695:
1681:
1678:
1672:
1665:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1621:
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1439:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1423:
1416:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1386:Generaloberst
1381:
1375:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1344:
1332:
1318:
1316:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1301:light cruiser
1298:
1293:
1288:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1250:Ste Ménéhould
1232:
1227:
1223:
1213:
1210:
1197:
1193:
1187:, OHL) from
1185:
1184:
1178:
1175:
1172:Chief of the
1171:
1161:
1160:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1108:
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1098:
1093:
1086:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1011:Louis Bonneau
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
991:German Empire
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
971:
966:
962:
957:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
928:
927:
926:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
893:Meuse-Argonne
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
836:
832:
831:
830:
827:
826:
825:
824:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
807:Passchendaele
805:
803:
800:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
777:
776:
773:
771:
770:
766:
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760:
759:
758:
752:
749:
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744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
693:
692:
691:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
669:2nd Champagne
667:
663:
660:
659:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
637:1st Champagne
635:
634:
633:
632:
626:
623:
621:
618:
614:
611:
609:
606:
605:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
558:
557:
556:Great Retreat
554:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
526:
525:
522:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
504:
503:
500:
498:
495:
494:
492:
487:
482:
481:Western Front
474:
469:
467:
462:
460:
455:
454:
451:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
417:
414:
413:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
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392:
389:
388:
385:
380:
370:
365:
363:
358:
356:
351:
350:
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333:
327:
306:
297:
293:
290:
289:
284:
277:
275:
271:
268:
266:
263:
262:
260:
255:
252:
249:
246:
244:
241:
240:
238:
237:
232:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
202:
201:Louis Bonneau
197:
192:
190:
185:
180:
179:
177:
176:
171:
167:
155:
152:
140:
139:
134:
126:
123:
122:
117:
88:
84:
79:
76:
75:
71:
68:
67:
63:
57:
52:
49:
45:
44:Western Front
41:
36:
31:
26:
22:
4705:
4698:
4686:
4293: /
4225:
4060:Conscription
4024:Cryptography
3961:Iraqi Revolt
3395:Siege of Kut
3338:
2916:participants
2865:German Samoa
2799:South Arabia
2561:
2557:
2552:Ehlert, H.;
2535:24 September
2533:. Retrieved
2517:
2516:
2506:. Retrieved
2483:
2482:
2445:. Retrieved
2432:
2424:
2423:
2406:
2387:
2375:. Retrieved
2358:
2338:
2326:. Retrieved
2314:
2309:
2290:
2271:
2267:
2248:
2237:
2233:
2217:
2194:
2186:
2185:
2181:Bibliography
2163:
2151:
2144:Clayton 2003
2139:
2127:
2115:
2103:
2096:Clayton 2003
2091:
2086:, p. 7.
2079:
2063:
2051:
2020:
2008:
1996:
1984:
1977:Clayton 2003
1973:Doughty 2005
1968:
1946:Doughty 2005
1941:
1929:
1902:
1890:
1885:, p. 6.
1878:
1866:
1854:
1842:
1830:
1818:
1784:
1775:
1761:3,000 German
1757:2,500 French
1748:
1730:
1703:
1696:
1692:
1666:
1639:
1607:
1571:
1553:2,500 French
1537:223 missing.
1510:
1482:
1461:
1451:
1404:Neuf-Brisach
1376:
1339:
1305:
1287:Kriegsgefahr
1279:
1258:
1239:
1194:
1166:
1157:
1120:
1088:
1023:
974:
969:
955:
953:
924:
923:
883:Saint-Mihiel
851:Belleau Wood
834:
822:
821:
812:La Malmaison
768:
756:
755:
721:Kink Salient
689:
688:
684:Gas: Wieltje
630:
629:
490:
390:
250:(45,000 men)
136:Belligerents
81:Vicinity of
38:Part of the
25:
4323:Netherlands
4300:Switzerland
4181:Occupations
4172:Spanish flu
3949:(1919–1922)
3943:(1918–1921)
3937:(1918–1923)
3926:(1919–1921)
3920:(1919–1921)
3914:(1919–1920)
3890:(1918–1920)
3884:(1918–1920)
3878:(1918–1920)
3860:(1918–1920)
3842:(1918–1920)
3836:(1917–1921)
3830:(1917–1921)
3777:(1916-1918)
3775:Arab Revolt
3766:(1915–1917)
3760:(1915–1917)
3748:(1914-1917)
3742:(1914–1917)
3736:(1914–1921)
3730:(1913–1920)
3718:(1910–1920)
3712:(1900–1920)
3210:July Crisis
3131:(1880–1914)
2794:Mesopotamia
2672:Home fronts
2631:World War I
2465:|work=
2156:Herwig 2009
2120:Herwig 2009
2084:Koenig 1933
2072:Herwig 2009
2001:Herwig 2009
1961:Herwig 2009
1745:223 missing
1741:163 wounded
1545:Badonviller
1533:163 wounded
1371:7:1 to 3:1.
1312:4/5 August,
1024:During the
903:2nd Cambrai
741:Boar's Head
731:Mont Sorrel
111: /
4740:Categories
4540:Agreements
4340:War crimes
4216:Luxembourg
4109:Casualties
2987:Montenegro
2822:South West
2702:Technology
2692:Propaganda
2682:Opposition
1989:Times 1915
1727:Casualties
1710:Clausewitz
1705:fog of war
1651:Zillisheim
1616:Dannemarie
1605:brigades.
1517:Strasbourg
1446:See also:
1436:concentric
1189:1891–1906,
1074:Background
1056:First Army
1035:Lothringen
716:Wulverghem
679:3rd Artois
657:2nd Artois
625:1st Artois
243:First Army
96:47°44′58″N
4437:Diplomacy
4144:Olympians
4067:Australia
4034:Logistics
3967:Vlora War
3896:(1918–19)
3872:(1918–19)
3866:(1918–19)
3854:(1918–19)
3801:(1916–17)
3783:(1916–17)
3734:Zaian War
3724:(1914–15)
3451:first day
3339:Lusitania
3167:(1912–13)
3161:(1911–12)
3149:(1908–09)
3143:(1905–06)
3125:(1870–71)
2914:Principal
2774:Gallipoli
2677:Memorials
2662:Geography
2652:Aftermath
2503:462117869
2467:ignored (
2323:769538059
2214:Zuber, T.
2108:Tyng 2007
2068:Tyng 2007
1934:Tyng 2007
1796:Footnotes
1684:Aftermath
1655:Ensisheim
1620:Ill river
1557:reprisals
1486:Gérardmer
1422:Rheinkopf
1412:Brigade,
1304:SMS
1222:Plan XVII
1216:Plan XVII
1017:(General
970:Mülhausen
961:‹See Tfd›
898:5th Ypres
878:2nd Somme
856:2nd Marne
846:3rd Aisne
795:The Hills
790:2nd Aisne
751:Fromelles
746:1st Somme
696:The Bluff
662:Hébuterne
652:2nd Ypres
613:1st Ypres
593:1st Aisne
588:1st Marne
561:Le Cateau
539:Charleroi
524:Frontiers
423:Charleroi
416:Rossignol
294:3,000 PoW
291:2,500 PoW
247:VII Corps
99:7°20′24″E
4786:Mulhouse
4725:Category
4312:Refugees
4278:Italians
4267:Germans
4227:Ober Ost
4007:Aviation
3108:Timeline
3079:Bulgaria
2860:Tsingtao
2837:Togoland
2784:Caucasus
2719:European
2711:Theatres
2529:Archived
2518:Websites
2508:15 March
2447:16 March
2377:9 August
2372:17673086
2328:13 March
2247:(2005).
1739:killed,
1689:Analysis
1677:Landwehr
1659:24 guns,
1611:Landwehr
1602:Landwehr
1591:2e Armée
1574:Paul Pau
1531:killed,
1508:killed.
1502:Altkirch
1494:Mulhouse
1415:Landwehr
1409:Landwehr
1395:Landwehr
1380:Westheer
1366:Westheer
1360:Landwehr
1354:Westheer
1348:7th Army
1343:Landwehr
1306:Augsburg
1270:Maubeuge
1254:Commercy
1209:Westheer
1174:Imperial
1064:6th Army
1060:7th Army
1052:Altkirch
1030:Lorraine
1019:Paul Pau
1003:Mulhouse
908:Courtrai
863:Soissons
802:Messines
769:Alberich
578:Maubeuge
534:Ardennes
529:Lorraine
497:Moresnet
411:Ardennes
401:Lorraine
391:Mulhouse
318:Mulhouse
274:XV Corps
265:7th Army
234:Strength
213:Paul Pau
83:Mulhouse
77:Location
4463:Germany
4363:Germany
4291:Germany
4211:Belgium
4196:Albania
4155:Disease
4135:Sports
4087:Ireland
4000:Warfare
3993:Aspects
3188:Origins
3181:Prelude
3084:Senussi
3064:Germany
3059:Leaders
2997:Romania
2938:Belgium
2933:Leaders
2832:Kamerun
2814:African
2749:Romania
2727:Balkans
2642:Outline
2484:Reports
2216:(ed.).
1753:250 men
1733:100 men
1671:1 Armée
1585:1 Armée
1549:Lagarde
1541:Belfort
1525:Rixheim
1506:100 men
1488:to the
1456:1 Armée
1321:Prelude
1159:Le Soir
1079:Belgium
1007:Belfort
873:Ailette
841:The Lys
835:Michael
817:Cambrai
711:Hulluch
706:St Eloi
598:Antwerp
332:commune
166:Germany
46:of the
42:on the
4483:Russia
4458:France
4286:Canada
4201:Serbia
4072:Canada
4029:Horses
3981:(1921)
3975:(1920)
3969:(1920)
3963:(1920)
3955:(1920)
3908:(1919)
3902:(1919)
3848:(1918)
3813:(1918)
3807:(1917)
3795:(1916)
3789:(1916)
3754:(1915)
3173:(1913)
3155:(1911)
3137:(1905)
3094:Darfur
3019:Serbia
3002:Russia
2965:Greece
2953:France
2943:Brazil
2789:Persia
2732:Serbia
2572:
2501:
2442:642276
2440:
2413:
2394:
2370:
2345:
2321:
2297:
2278:
2255:
2224:
2201:
1749:severe
1737:42 men
1642:Doller
1579:Limogé
1529:42 men
1521:Cernay
1498:Colmar
1469:Battle
1047:Joffre
995:Alsace
979:French
965:German
913:Sambre
868:Amiens
736:Verdun
566:Étreux
512:Dinant
406:Dinant
396:Haelen
163:
151:France
148:
124:Result
87:Alsace
4680:Other
4473:Japan
4468:Italy
4295:camps
4139:Rugby
2975:Japan
2970:Italy
2948:China
2842:North
2560:[
2495:(PDF)
2313:[
2270:[
2187:Books
1767:Notes
1624:Thann
1429:Jäger
1369:from
1297:Libau
1068:Aisne
1040:Rhine
780:Arras
763:Ancre
517:Namur
507:Liège
4260:POWs
3586:1918
3488:1917
3414:1916
3315:1915
3219:1914
3024:Siam
2827:East
2570:ISBN
2537:2008
2510:2014
2499:OCLC
2476:link
2469:help
2449:2014
2438:OCLC
2411:ISBN
2392:ISBN
2379:2017
2368:OCLC
2364:HMSO
2343:ISBN
2330:2014
2319:OCLC
2295:ISBN
2276:ISBN
2253:ISBN
2222:ISBN
2199:ISBN
1759:and
1743:and
1608:The
1588:and
1547:and
1535:and
1496:and
1452:The
1252:and
1224:and
1146:and
1129:and
954:The
823:1918
785:Vimy
757:1917
690:1916
674:Loos
631:1915
608:Yser
544:Mons
491:1914
428:Mons
272:and
69:Date
270:XIV
4742::
2461::
2459:}}
2455:{{
2366:.
2032:^
1953:^
1914:^
1803:^
1559:.
1272:.
1242:c.
1201:c.
1100:,
1070:.
981::
967::
85:,
4111:/
2623:e
2616:t
2609:v
2578:.
2539:.
2512:.
2478:)
2471:)
2451:.
2419:.
2400:.
2381:.
2351:.
2332:.
2303:.
2284:.
2261:.
2230:.
2207:.
1179:(
1032:(
977:(
958:(
472:e
465:t
458:v
368:e
361:t
354:v
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
