1838:
56:
1630:
1388:
128:
114:
5799:
1315:
1885:
First, German troops were definitively driven back from the Moscow approaches. This strategic threat, which had been the Stavka's biggest source of worry since 1941, was finally removed. Second, German defense rings, on which German troops planned to rely, were almost completely overrun. Quite a few remained, but it was obvious that they would not last. An essay written after the war by several
Wehrmacht officers stated that:
1837:
1686:. The artillery bombardment as well as ground attack aircraft significantly damaged the Wehrmacht lines, allowing the Red Army to execute a breakthrough on a 25 km (16 mi) front and advance 6â8 km (3.7â5.0 mi) by the end of the day. The following day, 29 August, Red Army rifle divisions advanced further, creating a salient 30 km (19 mi) wide and 12â15 km (7.5â9.3 mi) deep.
55:
1629:
1706:, things went equally well for the Soviet armies, despite heavy German resistance. However, an identified weakness changed all the previous plans. A surprisingly easy capture of several hills commanding the Dubrovka region north of Bryansk, with numerous German soldiers captured in total absence of battle readiness, came to the attention of General
1126:
1814:"The forces of the Soviet Western Front struck the left wing of Army Group Center from the Dorogobuzh-Yelnya line with the aim of achieving a breakthrough in the direction of Smolensk. It became clear that the salientâprojecting far to the eastâin which the 9th Army was positioned could no longer be held."
1884:
The
Smolensk operation was a Soviet victory and a stinging defeat for the Wehrmacht. Although quite modest compared to later offensive operations (not more than 200â250 km (120â160 mi) were gained in depth), the Soviet advance during this operation was important from several points of view.
1037:
rivers. The
Dnieper is by far the largest of them and strategically most important. The surrounding wide, swamp-like areas proved difficult to cross, especially for mechanized troops. Moreover, like many south-flowing rivers in Europe, the Dnieper's western bank, which was held by German troops, was
980:
and push the southern part of the front towards the west. In order to weaken the German defenses even further, however, the
Smolensk operation was staged simultaneously, in a move that would also draw German reserves north, thereby weakening the German defense on the southern part of the front. Both
1240:
The front had been more or less stable for four to five months (and up to 18 months in several places) before the battle, and possessed geographical features favorable for a strong defensive setup. Thus, German forces had time to build extensive defensive positions, numbering as many as five or six
1046:
For the Soviet troops, the offensive was further complicated by a lack of transport in the area in which the offensive was to be staged. The road network was not well developed and paved roads were rare. After rainfall, which was quite common during the
Russian summer, most of them were turned into
1889:
Although the vigorous actions of their command and troops allowed the
Germans to create a continuous front, there was no doubt that the poor condition of the troops, the complete lack of reserves, and the unavoidable lengthening of individual units' lines concealed the danger that the next major
1728:
By 6 September, the offensive slowed almost to a halt on the entire front, with Soviet troops advancing only 2 km (1.2 mi) each day. On the right flank, heavy fighting broke out in the woods near
Yartzevo. On the center, advancing Soviet troops hit the Dnieper defense line. On the left
884:
Although playing a major military role in its own right, the
Smolensk operation was also important for its effect on the Battle of the Dnieper. It has been estimated that as many as 55 German divisions were committed to counter the Smolensk operation â divisions which would have been critical to
1363:
The attack resumed the following day with another attempt at a simultaneous breakthrough taking place further north, towards
Yartzevo. Both attacks were stopped by heavy German resistance. In the following five days, Soviet troops slowly made their way through German defenses, repelling heavy
1276:
The second defense zone, located about 10 km (6.2 mi) behind the outer defense zone and covering the most important directions, was composed of a set of firing points connected with trenches. It was protected with barbed wire, and also with minefields in some places where heavy tank
1693:
was thrown into the battle. In one day, its troops advanced 30 km (19 mi) and reached the outskirts of Yelnya. Leaving the
Germans no time to regroup, Red Army troops attacked the city and started to form an encirclement. On 30 August, Wehrmacht units were forced to abandon Yelnya,
1005:
The territory on which the offensive was to be staged was a slightly hilly plain covered with ravines and possessing significant areas of swamps and forests that restricted military movement. Its most important hills reached heights over 270 m (890 ft), allowing for improved
1248:
The first (tactical or outer) defensive zone included the first (main) and the second defense lines, for a total depth of 12â15 km (7.5â9.3 mi), and located, whenever possible, on elevated ground. The main defense line, 5 km (3.1 mi) deep, possessed three sets of
1347:
Despite violent Soviet attacks, it quickly became obvious that the three armies would not be able to get through the German lines. Soviet commanders decided therefore to commit the 68th Army, heretofore kept in reserve, to battle. On the German side, three additional divisions
1322:
After a day of probing, the goal of which was to determine whether German troops would choose to withdraw or not from the first set of trenches, the offensive started on 7 August 1943 at 06:30 (with a preliminary bombardment starting at 04:40) with a breakthrough towards
1343:
recalled, "we literally had to tear ourselves through German lines, one by one". On the first day, the Soviet troops advanced only 4 km (2.5 mi), with all available troops (including artillery, communications, and engineers) committed to battle.
1387:
1849:
that lasted all night, Soviet troops completed the liberation of Smolensk. The same day another important city, Roslavl, was recaptured. By 30 September, the Soviet offensive force were tired and depleted, and became bogged down outside
961:. Losses were considerable and the whole army was less effective than before, as many of its experienced soldiers were killed during the previous two years of fighting. This left the German army capable of only reacting to Soviet moves.
1338:
The attack quickly encountered heavy opposition and stalled. German troops attempted numerous counterattacks from their well-prepared defense positions, supported by tanks, assault guns, and the fire of heavy guns and mortars. As
881:. However, the overall advance was quite modest and slow in the face of heavy German resistance, and the operation was therefore accomplished in three stages: 7â20 August, 21 August â 6 September, and 7 September â 2 October.
1284:
Finally, deep behind the front line, three or four more defense lines were located, whenever possible, on the western shore of a river. For instance, important defense lines were set up on the western side of the Dnieper and
1929:
After the Smolensk offensive, the central part of the Soviet-German front stabilized again for many months until late June 1944, while the major fighting shifted to the south for the Dnieper line and the territory of
1403:, things went better for the 10th Army. The Wehrmacht had fewer troops and only limited reserves in this area, enabling the 10th Army to break through German lines and advance 10 km (6.2 mi) in two days.
1301:) were reinforced and fortified, preparing them for a potentially long fight. Roads were mined and covered with antitank devices and firing points were installed in the most important and tallest buildings.
1235:
On the front... held by the Army Group Center many signs show a continuous preparation to a yet limited offensive (Roslavl, Smolensk, Vitebsk) and of a maneuver of immobilization of the Army Group Center...
1779:'s attack sector, where the offensive started one day later, the breakthrough was also promising, with a developing salient 20 km (12 mi) large and 10 km (6.2 mi) deep. The same day,
1507:
Several Red Army rifle divisions were insufficiently prepared to perform an assault of a multi-lined defense setup. This was especially true for reserve divisions, whose training was not always properly
1768:'s attack sector, the Red Army created a salient 30 km (19 mi) wide and 3â13 km (1.9â8.1 mi) deep by the end of the day. After four days of battle, Soviet rifle divisions captured
996:
This plan was enormous both in regard of its daring and of forces committed to it, was executed through several operations: the Smolensk operation, ...the Donbass , the left-bank Ukraine operation...
889:
in the south. In the course of the operation, the Red Army also definitively drove back German forces from the Smolensk land bridge, historically the most important approach for a western attack on
1446:
started almost a week later, on 13 August. As on other parts of the front, the 39th Army and the 43rd Army encountered serious opposition. During the first day alone, Wehrmacht troops attempted 24
1422:
with some impunity. The corps sustained heavy losses and had to pull away from combat. Soviet troops eventually advanced a further 25 km (16 mi) as of 13 August, liberating Spas-Demensk.
1193:
5850:
1862:, which were still held by Wehrmacht troops, and on 2 October the Smolensk operation was concluded. A limited follow-on was made to successfully capture Nevel after two days of street fighting.
1457:
Soviet troops managed to advance only 6â7 km (3.7â4.3 mi) over the next five days and, although they inflicted heavy casualties on Wehrmacht troops, their own losses were also heavy.
1741:
In the week from 7â14 September, Soviet troops were once again reinforced and were preparing for another offensive. The next objectives set by the Stavka were the major cities of Smolensk,
1733:. Moreover, Soviet divisions were tired and depleted, at less than 60% nominal strength. On 7 September, the offensive was stopped, and the second stage of the Smolensk operation was over.
1898:, locking between 40 and 55 divisions near Smolensk and preventing their relocation to the southern front. Finally, a once-united German front was now separated by the huge and impassable
1679:. These four armies were covering a front of only 36 km (22 mi), creating a very high concentration of troops. The troops, however, had fuel and supplies for two weeks at most.
1552:
1253:
and firing points, linked by an extensive communication network. The density of firing points reached six or seven per kilometer (0.6 mi) of front line. In some places, where heavy
1946:
in summer 1944 allowed the Red Army to clear almost all the remaining territory of the USSR of Wehrmacht troops, ending German occupation and shifting the war into Poland and Germany.
1694:
sustaining heavy casualties. This commenced a full-scale retreat by Wehrmacht troops from the area and by 3 September, Soviet forces had reached the eastern shore of the Dniepr.
5855:
1473:
reported "We have to deal both with forests and swamps and with increasing resistance of enemy troops reinforced by divisions arriving from Bryansk region" while Marshal
4370:
1368:
and sustaining heavy losses. By feeding reserve troops to battle, the Red Army managed to advance to a depth varying from 15â25 km (9.3â15.5 mi) by 11 August.
4115:
1818:
By 19 September, Soviet troops had created a 250 kilometers (150 mi) long and 40 kilometers (25 mi) wide gap in Wehrmacht lines. The following day,
3716:
1617:
In this situation, the former attack axis, directed southwest towards Roslavl and Bryansk, became useless. The Stavka decided instead to shift the attack axis west to
1607:
1281:
was also created in order to slow down a Soviet advance should the Red Army break through the outer defense zone. Behind the second zone, heavy guns were positioned.
5721:
3732:
266:
4059:
3655:
3627:
2771:
968:
was determined to pursue the liberation of occupied territories from German control, a course of action that had its first major success at the end of 1942 with
1533:
Many Red Army commanders were too impressed by Wehrmacht counterattacks and failed to act properly, even if their own troops outnumbered those of the Wehrmacht.
5700:
4379:
4066:
3193:
1570:
much easier. The Stavka planned to resume the offensive on 21 August, but decided to postpone it slightly to give Soviet units time to resupply and reinforce.
1530:
was far from perfect. There were unexpected pauses during the attack and a strong will of some regiments to "hide" from the attack and expose another regiment.
4682:
4045:
3347:
2972:
1562:
The stalemate was far from what had been desired by the Stavka, but it had at least one merit: it tied down as much as 40% of all Wehrmacht divisions on the
923:
911:
1906:
off from its northern counterparts, thus greatly reducing the Wehrmacht's abilities to shift troops and supplies from one sector of the front to the other.
3688:
3634:
2820:
4152:
3641:
3257:
5860:
2667:
1922:
units. In the areas liberated during the Smolensk operation (occupied for almost two years), almost all industry and agriculture was gone. In Smolensk
1710:, commander of the Bryansk Front from June to October 1943. This meant that the Soviet offensive was probably not expected along that particular axis.
1030:
4038:
3478:
3354:
873:
Despite an impressive German defense, the Red Army was able to stage several breakthroughs, liberating several major cities, including Smolensk and
3331:
2711:
1469:, was stinging for Soviet commanders, who provided several explanations for their failure to press forward. Deputy Chief of General Staff General
3768:
3080:
1783:, an important railroad hub near Smolensk, was liberated by Soviet troops. On the Western Front's left flank, Soviet rifle divisions reached the
1536:
The infantry were not using their own weapons (such as their own heavy guns and portable mortars) well enough. They relied too much on artillery.
3587:
2889:
5593:
1641:
was considered the "key" to Smolensk and Wehrmacht troops created a massive fortified defensive position around the city. Swampy areas on the
1375:
forces of the 6th Guards Cavalry Corps had no further effect and resulted in heavy casualties because of strong German defenses, leading to a
4386:
4349:
4326:
3840:
2762:
2732:
259:
4101:
4479:
4335:
4319:
4291:
3532:
2739:
5865:
5236:
4303:
4215:
4159:
4122:
3397:
981:
operations were a part of the same strategic offensive plan, aiming to recover as much Soviet territory from German control as possible.
4208:
2933:
433:
5714:
4342:
2725:
2683:
1439:
17:
1652:
The Soviet armies, aware of the Wehrmacht preparations, were reinforced with tanks and artillery during the week from 20â27 August.
5563:
3375:
3149:
2912:
2778:
2589:
1579:
593:
588:
252:
1519:
to break through Wehrmacht lines. Moreover, numerous counterattacks and an abundance of minefields slowed the infantry's progress.
4458:
4255:
3907:
3285:
2785:
2697:
2633:
1909:
For the first time, Soviet troops entered territories which had been occupied for a long time by German soldiers, and discovered
303:
4661:
4173:
3016:
2554:
2503:
583:
1578:
By mid-August, the situation on the Eastern Front had changed as the Red Army started a general offensive, beginning with the
5885:
5257:
5162:
4689:
4435:
4310:
3389:
3363:
3220:
2926:
2843:
1638:
917:
571:
1865:
Overall, Soviet troops advanced 100â180 km (62â112 mi) during almost 20 days of this third part of the offensive.
5490:
4897:
4783:
3948:
3408:
3404:
3382:
2986:
1750:
929:
428:
293:
5405:
4869:
4201:
4187:
3393:
1189:
684:
394:
298:
1996:
1926:
itself, almost 80% of urban and 50% of rural living space had been destroyed, along with numerous factories and plants.
5614:
5483:
5361:
4939:
4654:
4605:
4363:
3918:
3163:
3002:
2850:
2704:
1477:, formerly a Stavka member, analysed the stalemate in his memoirs, publishing what he saw as the eight primary causes:
1410:
and committed to battle in order to exploit the breakthrough, failed in its mission, mainly because a poorly organized
1353:
654:
1465:
By mid-August, Soviet operations all along the Smolensk front stabilized. The resulting stalemate, while not a defeat
5840:
5730:
4612:
4584:
4401:
3983:
3695:
3662:
2408:
1611:
1134:
659:
549:
450:
2878:
5767:
4925:
4862:
3997:
3826:
2949:
1539:
The fact that the offensive was postponed from 3â7 August gave German troops more time to increase their readiness.
1396:
905:
639:
634:
404:
3503:
327:
5291:
5132:
5121:
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4716:
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3025:
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1153:
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4557:
4008:
3934:
3723:
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2813:
2718:
2603:
710:
554:
1277:
offensives were anticipated. Between the outer and the second defense zones, a set of small firing points and
1228:
were kept on this part of the front because of a (quite legitimate) fear of a major offensive in this sector.
1141:. The re-entrant exposed the Wehrmacht to flank attacks from the north but the main attack carried out on the
5737:
5670:
5621:
5552:
5377:
4883:
4834:
4598:
4591:
4194:
3955:
3739:
2792:
1934:. Only during January 1944 would the front move again in the north, when German forces were driven back from
1357:
1197:
791:
781:
671:
423:
5880:
5811:
5707:
5082:
5043:
3962:
3790:
3775:
3702:
3681:
3499:
3177:
2963:
2956:
2940:
2651:
2610:
2582:
1776:
1761:. After a preliminary artillery bombardment, Soviet troops attempted to break through the Wehrmacht lines.
1563:
1548:
1146:
958:
855:
744:
499:
462:
367:
276:
43:
5870:
5774:
5098:
5050:
4668:
4640:
4493:
4108:
4087:
3601:
3264:
3170:
2660:
1841:
Exhumed bodies of civilians shot by German troops discovered in a mass grave on the outskirts of Smolensk
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1209:
935:
5845:
5572:
5068:
4987:
4932:
4820:
4776:
4426:
4052:
3976:
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3748:
3620:
3613:
3573:
3546:
3278:
3211:
2806:
2617:
2547:
1391:
Yelena Zalogina, employed as forced labor by German troops, returns home with her children, August 1943
1349:
1010:
defense. In 1943, the area was for the most part covered with pine and mixed forests and thick bushes.
776:
738:
504:
5474:
5391:
5176:
5036:
5008:
4841:
4746:
4536:
3969:
3036:
2690:
2171:
1672:
867:
771:
379:
347:
322:
3234:
5213:
5190:
4442:
4243:
4236:
3893:
3553:
3525:
3518:
2905:
1664:
1660:
1583:
1511:
There were not enough tanks committed to battle, forcing Red Army commanders to rely on artillery,
1332:
1213:
1205:
1201:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1109:
690:
482:
3250:
3227:
5635:
5579:
5449:
5309:
4994:
4647:
4543:
4449:
4017:
3878:
3848:
3812:
3797:
3669:
3561:
3539:
3485:
3471:
3453:
3117:
2898:
2626:
2575:
1895:
1714:
1328:
1157:
839:
749:
566:
528:
516:
399:
384:
1822:
ordered the Western Front troops to reach Smolensk before 27 September, then to proceed towards
5327:
5220:
5022:
4973:
4876:
4769:
4739:
4522:
4410:
4136:
3927:
3511:
3492:
3462:
3009:
2979:
1340:
948:
877:. As a result of this operation, the Red Army was able to start planning for the liberation of
644:
617:
494:
337:
5818:
5541:
5384:
5280:
5250:
5206:
4946:
4911:
4904:
4827:
4725:
4166:
4143:
3990:
3594:
3131:
2871:
2857:
2540:
1890:
Soviet attack would cause this patchwork frontâconstructed with such difficultyâto collapse.
1803:
1690:
1591:
1411:
1185:
622:
611:
362:
3429:
5642:
5497:
5148:
5105:
5075:
5001:
4811:
4790:
3709:
3186:
2864:
1807:
1758:
1718:
1598:. Nevertheless, the Wehrmacht command was still reinforcing its troops around Smolensk and
1407:
1084:
for German troops. By far the most important railroads for German troops were the Smolensk-
985:
677:
559:
510:
316:
1133:
In July 1943 the Soviet front line on this part of the Eastern Front was a concave with a
834:"; 7 August â 2 October 1943) was a Soviet strategic offensive operation conducted by the
342:
146:
8:
5760:
5534:
5412:
5368:
4890:
4024:
3783:
3310:
3140:
3124:
3073:
2163:
1943:
1683:
1668:
1527:
1066:
754:
720:
665:
1610:(5â23 July) proceeded relatively easily for the Red Army around Oryol, creating a large
5753:
5586:
5511:
5465:
5435:
5343:
4848:
4732:
4626:
4577:
4515:
4271:
4222:
4031:
3648:
3303:
3101:
1939:
1038:
higher and steeper than the eastern. There were very few available bridges or ferries.
764:
725:
705:
700:
373:
1129:
A detail of the Smolensk offensive, showing the concave shape of the Soviet front line
5744:
5628:
5518:
5458:
5419:
5352:
5334:
5300:
5243:
5197:
5141:
4966:
4704:
4696:
4633:
4486:
4080:
3605:
3066:
3045:
2755:
2469:
Voenno-istoricheskiy zhurnal (Military history journal), 1969, No. 10, pp. 31,32
2404:
1225:
1105:
851:
838:
as part of the Summer-Autumn Campaign of 1943. Staged almost simultaneously with the
830:
649:
477:
155:
5663:
5656:
5600:
5264:
5029:
5015:
4918:
4855:
4806:
4619:
4472:
4419:
4229:
4180:
4094:
3317:
3294:
2827:
1935:
1903:
1894:
Third, as outlined above, the Smolensk Operation was an important "helper" for the
1873:
1869:
1646:
1125:
1034:
1013:
Numerous rivers also passed through the area, the most important of them being the
969:
843:
842:(13 August â 22 September), the offensive lasted two months and was led by General
803:
797:
786:
759:
695:
603:
456:
445:
418:
410:
389:
332:
151:
2836:
1360:) were sent to the front from the Oryol sector to try to stop the Soviet advance.
1265:
emplacements. The forward edge of the battle area was protected by three lines of
1245:
in some places, for a total depth extending from 100â130 km (62â81 mi).
5686:
5398:
5313:
5271:
5169:
5112:
4980:
4762:
4753:
4282:
3857:
3833:
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2244:(collective work, part written by V.P. Istomin), tome 2, Voenizdat, Moscow, 1958.
1722:
1587:
1512:
1474:
1470:
1314:
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controlled a much wider network of roads and railroads, centered on Smolensk and
1057:
issues as well. The only major railroad axis available for Soviet troops was the
954:
808:
715:
577:
542:
467:
357:
5798:
1080:. These two cities were important logistical centers, allowing quick supply and
5693:
5229:
5155:
3200:
3059:
1918:
1810:
during the Smolensk operation and later commander of the 4th Army, wrote that:
1729:
flank, Soviet rifle divisions were slowed as they entered forests southwest of
1419:
1250:
1081:
521:
352:
5834:
5504:
3422:
3271:
3110:
2518:
2505:
2000:
1931:
1899:
1846:
1769:
1765:
1754:
1707:
1642:
1595:
1556:
1451:
1443:
1435:
1365:
1294:
1286:
1142:
1026:
1018:
977:
965:
847:
1586:(Operation Polkovodets Kutuzov; 12 July â 18 August) otherwise known as the
1289:. Additionally, the main urban centers located on the defense line (such as
1257:
attacks were feared, the third set of trenches was in fact a solid antitank
1224:
As a result of the shape of the front, a significant number of divisions of
5803:
5607:
3900:
3805:
3436:
2799:
2563:
1798:
protecting Smolensk was overrun, exposing the troops defending the city to
1795:
1489:
1400:
1298:
1242:
1181:
1089:
957:
in July 1943, Germany had lost all hope of regaining the initiative on the
472:
133:
119:
85:
47:
2429:
Operations of Soviet Armed Forces during the Great Patriotic War 1941â1945
2242:
Operations of Soviet Armed Forces during the Great Patriotic War 1941â1945
5442:
5428:
5090:
3759:
3580:
3565:
2919:
1799:
1784:
1566:
near Smolensk, making the task for troops fighting in the south and near
1497:
1415:
1266:
1262:
1606:
region. As a result, the two Soviet counteroffensives that followed the
4797:
4550:
4529:
3415:
2748:
2676:
1845:
On 25 September, after an assault crossing of the northern Dnieper and
1788:
1649:
rivers were mined and heavy guns set up on hills overlooking the city.
1231:
For instance, at the end of July 1943, a German staff briefing stated:
1049:
1053:), greatly slowing down any advance of mechanized troops, and raising
5060:
4465:
4262:
4073:
3864:
3819:
1910:
1501:
1376:
1270:
1073:
1054:
1007:
973:
488:
27:
Recapture of the city by the Soviet 39th, 43rd and 10th Guards armies
3340:
1100:
axis, linking German western troops with troops concentrated around
3324:
3052:
1780:
1725:
to Dubrovka and around Bryansk, forcing German forces to withdraw.
1523:
1516:
1447:
1399:(Russian: ХпаŃ-ĐĐ”ĐŒĐ”ĐœŃĐșĐ°Ń ĐœĐ°ŃŃŃпаŃДлŃĐœĐ°Ń ĐŸĐżĐ”ŃĐ°ŃĐžŃ) in the region of
1278:
1112:, one of the largest railroad sabotage operations of World War II.
866:
regions. Smolensk had been under German occupation since the first
859:
835:
81:
1859:
1851:
1831:
1827:
1742:
1703:
1599:
1544:
1372:
1324:
1097:
1085:
1077:
1022:
886:
878:
874:
863:
244:
5851:
World War II aerial operations and battles of the Eastern Front
3941:
2532:
2166:; John Erickson, writing in the early 1980s, refers to the 5th
1923:
1819:
1730:
1618:
1493:
1431:
1290:
1062:
1014:
989:
890:
2427:
Istomin, V.P. (collective work, part written by V.P. Istomin)
1492:
were exceptionally well prepared (firing points reinforced by
4129:
1855:
1823:
1746:
1603:
1567:
1138:
1101:
1093:
1058:
976:. The Battle of the Dnieper was to achieve the liberation of
2170:
Corps being badly mauled both from the air and the ground.
1876:) occurred in the same general area on 12â13 October 1943.
1258:
1254:
1787:
and conducted an assault river crossing, creating several
1721:
was shifted south, and two "new" armies executed a single-
1573:
1485:
command knew about the operation and was prepared for it.
1482:
1736:
1582:(Operation Polkovodets Rumyantsev; 3â23 August) and the
2396:(collection of essays), Moscow, Ed. Foreign Lit., 1957.
2294:
Voenno-istoricheskiy zhurnal (Military history journal)
1914:
1682:
Soviet troops moved forward after an intense 90-minute
1318:
General layout of the Smolensk region during the battle
3194:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
901:
The strategic operations included smaller operations:
1327:. Three armies were committed to this offensive: the
1196:. The Kalinin Front would have for the operation the
1152:
The Western Front had assigned for the operation the
1108:
were attacked by the partisans during the conduct of
924:
Dukhovshchina-Demidov Offensive Operation (2nd Stage)
912:
Dukhovshchina-Demidov Offensive Operation (1st Stage)
858:. Its goal was to clear the German presence from the
2401:
When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler
1655:
The offensive finally commenced on 28 August by the
1261:
with a steep western side integrating artillery and
2214:
G.K. Zhukov, Memoirs, Moscow, Ed. APN, 1971, p. 485
1633:
Red Army soldiers raising the Soviet flag in Yelnya
1559:and committed to support the attack near Smolensk.
988:(Chief of the General Staff in 1943) wrote in his
2047:, Osprey Publishing, Oxford, UK, 2019, Kindle ed.
1749:. The operation resumed on 14 September with the
223:: 3,394 killed, 12,688 wounded and 1,901 missing
5832:
2403:, Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas,
2045:Smolensk 1943: The Red Army's Relentless Advance
1590:, and continuing with the Wehrmacht's defensive
216:: 8,825 killed, 35,237 wounded and 4,127 missing
5856:Battles and operations of the SovietâGerman War
2399:Glantz, David M. & House, Jonathan (1995),
2370:, Moscow, Ed. Foreign Lit., 1957, pp. 216â217.
237:(including 107,645 killed, missing or captured
2548:
260:
2096:
2094:
1966:
1964:
1304:
1104:. As part of the Soviet planning the German
2084:
2082:
2068:
2066:
1830:. The Kalinin Front was ordered to capture
1041:
209:: 765 killed, 3,386 wounded and 270 missing
2555:
2541:
2368:World war 1939â1945 (collection of essays)
1689:In order to exploit the breakthrough, the
1460:
1425:
1120:
267:
253:
54:
5861:Battles of World War II involving Germany
2415:History of Great Patriotic War, 1941â1945
2203:History of Great Patriotic War, 1941â1945
2091:
1961:
1602:, withdrawing several divisions from the
1440:Dukhovshchina-Demidov Offensive Operation
1406:The 5th Mechanized Corps, relocated from
1382:
896:
110:
2113:, Moscow, Lib. Milit. Ed., 1963, pp. 382
2079:
2063:
2028:
1982:
1980:
1942:which had lasted for 900 days. Finally,
1836:
1628:
1386:
1313:
1124:
885:prevent Soviet troops from crossing the
14:
5833:
4409:
4387:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
2452:, Lib. Military History, Moscow, 2002.
1574:Second stage (21 August â 6 September)
1371:Subsequent attacks by the armored and
5258:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
4690:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
4336:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
4292:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
3390:Rape during the occupation of Germany
2536:
2497:(collection of essays), Moscow, 1998.
1977:
1737:Third stage (7 September â 2 October)
1639:Yelnya-Dorogobuzh Offensive Operation
1580:Belgorod-Khar'kov Offensive Operation
918:Yelnia-Dorogobuzh Offensive Operation
248:
4380:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
3405:Rape during the liberation of France
2490:, Moscow, Ed. APN, 1971, p. 485
1751:Smolensk-Roslavl Offensive Operation
1713:Therefore, the boundary between the
1309:
942:
930:Smolensk-Roslavl Offensive Operation
235:451,466 overall (~350,000 in combat)
201:: 70,593 killed, missing or wounded
2308:Voenno-istoricheskiy zhurnal, p. 32
2257:, Moscow, Science, 1969, pp. 51â55.
2126:, Moscow, Politizdat, 1988, p. 218.
2060:, Moscow, Politizdat, 1973, p. 327.
1697:
1624:
1543:With all these factors considered,
229:200,000 â 250,000 combat casualties
24:
5866:Battles involving the Soviet Union
4606:German invasion of the Netherlands
2879:Weather events during World War II
2436:Smolensk offensive operation, 1943
2431:, tome 2, Voenizdat, Moscow, 1958.
2076:, Moscow, Mil. Lib., 1975, page 15
2074:Smolensk offensive operation, 1943
1974:, Moscow, 1973â1979, tome 7, p.241
1753:, involving the left flank of the
1219:
1149:fronts would be quite difficult.
1115:
25:
5897:
5237:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
972:, which led to the liberation of
274:
5797:
2562:
2476:, Moscow, Lib. Milit. Ed., 1963.
1397:Spas-Demensk Offensive Operation
1331:, the 10th Guards Army, and the
906:Spas-Demensk Offensive Operation
343:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
126:
112:
2386:
2373:
2361:
2352:
2343:
2330:
2321:
2312:
2301:
2287:
2278:
2269:
2260:
2247:
2235:
2226:
2217:
2208:
2195:
2186:
2177:
2156:
2147:
2138:
2129:
2116:
2103:
1614:south of Smolensk and Bryansk.
221:(20 August â 30 September 1943)
214:(10 August â 30 September 1943)
207:(10 August â 30 September 1943)
5484:Vietnamese famine of 1944â1945
3187:Territorial changes of Germany
3095:Indonesian National Revolution
2050:
2037:
2015:
1989:
60:Map of the Smolensk operation.
13:
1:
4884:Japanese invasion of Thailand
4835:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
4599:German invasion of Luxembourg
2973:Mediterranean and Middle East
2495:Great Patriotic War 1941â1945
2205:, Moscow, 1963, t. 3, p. 361.
2174:, Road to Berlin, 1982, p.130
2023:Great Patriotic War 1941â1945
1949:
1794:As the result, the Wehrmacht
1772:, another "key" to Smolensk.
932:(15 September-2 October 1943)
926:(14 September-2 October 1943)
5886:Military history of Smolensk
4791:Invasion of the Soviet Union
4480:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
3791:Independent State of Croatia
2424:, Moscow, 1973â1979, tome 7.
1879:
1000:
984:Thirty years later, Marshal
920:(28 August-6 September 1943)
7:
5775:End of World War II in Asia
5615:Western invasion of Germany
5122:Chinese famine of 1942â1943
5099:Second Battle of El Alamein
4669:Hundred Regiments Offensive
4641:Battle of the Mediterranean
4494:Italian invasion of Albania
2661:Air warfare of World War II
2466:, Moscow, Politizdat, 1973.
2464:The matter of my whole life
2457:History of Second World War
2445:, Moscow, Politizdat, 1988.
2422:History of Second World War
2340:, Moscow, 1957, pp. 320â321
2338:History of Second World War
2058:The matter of my whole life
1972:History of Second World War
1047:mud (a phenomenon known as
936:Bryansk Offensive Operation
10:
5902:
5701:Naval bombardment of Japan
5069:First Battle of El Alamein
4988:Battle of Christmas Island
4933:Japanese invasion of Burma
4697:Italian invasion of Greece
4613:German invasion of Belgium
4585:German invasion of Denmark
4558:1939â1940 Winter Offensive
4427:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
2684:Comparative military ranks
2438:, Moscow, Mil. Lib., 1975.
1414:defense enabled Luftwaffe
946:
938:(17 August-3 October 1943)
5790:
5622:BratislavaâBrno offensive
5562:
5553:Dutch famine of 1944â1945
5290:
5177:Allied invasion of Sicily
5131:
5037:Aleutian Islands campaign
5009:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
4956:
4947:Greek famine of 1941â1944
4842:Second Battle of Changsha
4747:German invasion of Greece
4715:
4592:Battle of ZaoyangâYichang
4567:
4505:
4400:
4281:
4007:
3917:
3758:
3461:
3452:
3210:
3035:
2927:North and Central Pacific
2888:
2650:
2643:
2570:
2493:Zolotarev, V.A. and al.,
2349:V.P. Istomin, pp. 134â136
2318:V.P. Istomin, pp. 122â123
2172:John Erickson (historian)
2056:Marshal A.M. Vasilevsky,
2034:Istomin (1975), pp. 20â21
1938:, completely lifting the
1608:Kursk Defensive Operation
1305:First stage (7â20 August)
284:
239:343,821 wounded and sick)
186:
161:
140:
104:
72:7 August â 2 October 1943
64:
53:
41:
37:Second Battle of Smolensk
36:
18:Battle of Smolensk (1943)
5841:1943 in the Soviet Union
5214:Allied invasion of Italy
5191:Solomon Islands campaign
4940:Third Battle of Changsha
4537:First Battle of Changsha
4443:Second Sino-Japanese War
3376:German military brothels
3242:United States war crimes
2483:, Moscow, Science, 1969.
2253:Marshal A.I. Yeremenko,
2021:V.A. Zolotarev and al.,
1954:
1806:, Chief of Staff of the
1584:Orel Offensive Operation
1555:be transferred from the
1522:The interaction between
1194:6th Guards Cavalry Corps
1042:Transport infrastructure
194:German medical data only
5636:Second Guangxi campaign
5491:Philippines (1944â1945)
4995:Battle of the Coral Sea
4898:Fall of the Philippines
4544:Battle of South Guangxi
4450:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
3849:Italian Social Republic
2420:Grechko, A.A. and al.,
2413:Grechko, A.A. and al.,
2135:V.P. Istomin, pp. 81â82
1896:Lower Dnieper Offensive
1715:First Belorussian Front
1461:Causes of the stalemate
1426:Dukhovshchina offensive
1121:Soviet offensive sector
1106:railroad communications
840:Lower Dnieper Offensive
5221:Armistice of Cassibile
5023:Battle of Dutch Harbor
4974:Battle of the Java Sea
4877:Attack on Pearl Harbor
4777:SyriaâLebanon campaign
4770:Battle of South Shanxi
4740:Invasion of Yugoslavia
4523:Battle of the Atlantic
4137:Korean Liberation Army
3843:(until September 1943)
3800:(until September 1944)
3778:(until September 1944)
2201:A.A. Grechko and al.,
2192:V.P. Istomin, p. 94â95
2183:V.P. Istomin, p. 92â94
2153:V.P. Istomin, p. 84â88
2109:Marshal N.N. Voronov,
2025:, Moskva, 1998, p 473.
1970:A.A. Grechko and al.,
1892:
1842:
1816:
1791:on its western shore.
1667:), supported by three
1634:
1392:
1383:Spas-Demensk offensive
1358:56th Infantry Division
1354:36th Infantry Division
1341:Konstantin Rokossovsky
1319:
1238:
1130:
998:
897:Constituent operations
141:Commanders and leaders
5876:September 1943 events
5385:Second Battle of Guam
5281:Bengal famine of 1943
5251:Second Battle of Kiev
5207:Battle of the Dnieper
4912:Battle of Wake Island
4784:East African campaign
4726:Battle of South Henan
4371:atrocities by Germans
4144:Korean Volunteer Army
3118:Occupation of Germany
2872:Music in World War II
1986:Glantz (1995), p. 297
1887:
1840:
1812:
1804:Kurt von Tippelskirch
1691:2nd Guards Tank Corps
1632:
1592:Battle of the Dnieper
1390:
1317:
1233:
1186:2nd Guards Tank Corps
1128:
994:
187:Casualties and losses
5671:Surrender of Germany
5149:Battle of West Hubei
5106:Guadalcanal campaign
5076:Battle of Stalingrad
5002:Battle of Madagascar
3769:Albania protectorate
3556:(formerly Swaziland)
3265:Wehrmacht war crimes
3081:Expulsion of Germans
2865:Art and World War II
2763:British contribution
2712:Governments in exile
2481:Years of retribution
2455:Tippelskirch, Kurt.
2379:V.P. Istomin, p. 163
2327:V.P. Istomin, p. 131
2275:V.P. Istomin, p. 105
2266:V.P. Istomin, p. 104
2255:Years of retribution
2232:V.P. Istomin, p. 101
2223:Voronov, pp. 387â388
1436:Armed Forces Command
1269:and a solid wall of
1190:5th Mechanised Corps
986:Aleksandr Vasilevsky
964:On the Soviet side,
5881:October 1943 events
5761:Potsdam Declaration
5650:Italy (Spring 1945)
5413:Liberation of Paris
4870:Siege of Sevastopol
3881:(until August 1944)
3784:Wang Jingwei regime
3606:from September 1943
3566:from September 1944
3504:from September 1944
3364:Romanian war crimes
3355:Persecution of Jews
3341:Croatian war crimes
3311:Japanese war crimes
3125:Occupation of Japan
3074:First Indochina War
2786:Military production
2698:Declarations of war
2515: /
2394:World war 1939â1945
2336:Kurt Tippelskirch,
2284:V.P.Istomin, p.110.
2164:Tank Corps (Soviet)
2100:V.P. Istomin, p. 12
2088:V.P. Istomin, p. 16
1944:Operation Bagration
1834:before 10 October.
1553:8th Artillery Corps
1350:2nd Panzer Division
914:(13â18 August 1943)
550:OstrogozhskâRossosh
451:BarvenkovoâLozovaya
5871:August 1943 events
5754:Surrender of Japan
5587:Battle of Iwo Jima
5436:Belgrade offensive
4849:Siege of Leningrad
4733:Battle of Shanggao
4662:British Somaliland
4627:Dunkirk evacuation
4578:Norwegian campaign
4516:Invasion of Poland
4343:Japanese prisoners
3304:Italian war crimes
3235:British war crimes
3150:Soviet occupations
2934:South-West Pacific
2821:Allied cooperation
2779:Military equipment
2358:V.P. Istomin, p. 5
2296:, 1969, #10, p. 31
2144:V.P. Istomin, p.84
1843:
1635:
1547:demanded that the
1430:As ordered by the
1393:
1320:
1131:
953:By the end of the
949:PantherâWotan line
908:(7â20 August 1943)
868:Battle of Smolensk
826:Smolensk operation
745:Western Carpathian
685:2nd JassyâKishinev
655:1st JassyâKishinev
640:LeningradâNovgorod
635:DnieperâCarpathian
5846:Conflicts in 1943
5828:
5827:
5786:
5785:
5629:Battle of Okinawa
5528:Burma (1944â1945)
5362:Mariana and Palau
5142:Tunisian campaign
4967:Fall of Singapore
4891:Fall of Hong Kong
4634:Battle of Britain
4487:Operation Himmler
4396:
4395:
4060:Dutch East Indies
3696:Southern Rhodesia
3448:
3447:
3348:Genocide of Serbs
3251:German war crimes
3228:Soviet war crimes
3221:Allied war crimes
3067:Division of Korea
3046:Chinese Civil War
2844:Strategic bombing
2756:Manhattan Project
2519:54.783°N 32.050°E
2462:Vasilevsky, A.M.
2448:Shefov, Nikolai.
1684:artillery barrage
1310:Main breakthrough
1226:Army Group Center
1110:Operation Concert
943:Strategic context
854:, commanding the
852:Vasily Sokolovsky
846:, commanding the
819:
818:
243:
242:
222:
215:
208:
156:Vasily Sokolovsky
147:GĂŒnther von Kluge
100:
99:
16:(Redirected from
5893:
5821:
5814:
5807:
5804:World portal
5802:
5801:
5777:
5770:
5763:
5756:
5747:
5740:
5733:
5724:
5717:
5710:
5703:
5696:
5689:
5680:
5673:
5666:
5664:Prague offensive
5659:
5657:Battle of Berlin
5652:
5645:
5638:
5631:
5624:
5617:
5610:
5603:
5601:Vienna offensive
5596:
5589:
5582:
5580:Battle of Manila
5575:
5555:
5546:
5537:
5530:
5521:
5514:
5507:
5500:
5493:
5486:
5479:
5470:
5461:
5454:
5445:
5438:
5431:
5424:
5415:
5408:
5401:
5394:
5387:
5380:
5373:
5364:
5357:
5348:
5339:
5330:
5323:
5321:KorsunâCherkassy
5316:
5305:
5283:
5274:
5267:
5260:
5253:
5246:
5239:
5232:
5223:
5216:
5209:
5202:
5193:
5186:
5179:
5172:
5165:
5163:Bombing of Gorky
5158:
5151:
5144:
5124:
5117:
5108:
5101:
5094:
5085:
5078:
5071:
5064:
5053:
5046:
5039:
5032:
5030:Battle of Midway
5025:
5018:
5016:Battle of Gazala
5011:
5004:
4997:
4990:
4983:
4976:
4969:
4949:
4942:
4935:
4928:
4926:Battle of Borneo
4921:
4919:Malayan campaign
4914:
4907:
4900:
4893:
4886:
4879:
4872:
4865:
4863:Bombing of Gorky
4858:
4856:Battle of Moscow
4851:
4844:
4837:
4830:
4823:
4816:
4800:
4793:
4786:
4779:
4772:
4765:
4756:
4749:
4742:
4735:
4728:
4708:
4699:
4692:
4685:
4678:
4671:
4664:
4657:
4650:
4643:
4636:
4629:
4622:
4620:Battle of France
4615:
4608:
4601:
4594:
4587:
4580:
4560:
4553:
4546:
4539:
4532:
4525:
4518:
4496:
4489:
4482:
4475:
4473:Munich Agreement
4468:
4461:
4452:
4445:
4438:
4429:
4422:
4407:
4406:
4389:
4382:
4373:
4366:
4359:
4358:Soviet prisoners
4352:
4345:
4338:
4329:
4322:
4313:
4306:
4299:
4298:German prisoners
4294:
4274:
4265:
4258:
4251:
4246:
4239:
4232:
4225:
4218:
4211:
4204:
4197:
4190:
4183:
4176:
4169:
4162:
4155:
4146:
4139:
4132:
4125:
4118:
4111:
4104:
4097:
4090:
4083:
4076:
4069:
4062:
4055:
4048:
4041:
4034:
4027:
4020:
4000:
3993:
3986:
3979:
3972:
3965:
3958:
3951:
3944:
3937:
3930:
3910:
3903:
3896:
3889:
3882:
3874:
3867:
3860:
3851:
3844:
3836:
3829:
3827:French Indochina
3822:
3815:
3808:
3801:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3771:
3751:
3742:
3735:
3726:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3674:from August 1944
3665:
3658:
3651:
3644:
3637:
3630:
3623:
3616:
3609:
3597:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3569:
3557:
3549:
3542:
3535:
3528:
3521:
3514:
3507:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3459:
3458:
3439:
3432:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3400:
3385:
3378:
3371:
3366:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3334:
3327:
3320:
3318:Nanjing Massacre
3313:
3306:
3297:
3295:Nuremberg trials
3288:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3253:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3203:
3196:
3189:
3180:
3173:
3166:
3159:
3152:
3145:
3136:
3127:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3097:
3090:
3083:
3076:
3069:
3062:
3055:
3048:
3028:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2975:
2966:
2959:
2952:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2915:
2908:
2901:
2899:Asia and Pacific
2881:
2874:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2846:
2839:
2830:
2828:Mulberry harbour
2823:
2816:
2809:
2802:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2774:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2679:
2670:
2663:
2648:
2647:
2636:
2629:
2620:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2592:
2585:
2578:
2557:
2550:
2543:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2508:
2479:Yeremenko, A.I.
2474:On military duty
2441:Rokossovsky, K.
2380:
2377:
2371:
2365:
2359:
2356:
2350:
2347:
2341:
2334:
2328:
2325:
2319:
2316:
2310:
2305:
2299:
2291:
2285:
2282:
2276:
2273:
2267:
2264:
2258:
2251:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2230:
2224:
2221:
2215:
2212:
2206:
2199:
2193:
2190:
2184:
2181:
2175:
2160:
2154:
2151:
2145:
2142:
2136:
2133:
2127:
2122:K. Rokossovsky,
2120:
2114:
2111:On military duty
2107:
2101:
2098:
2089:
2086:
2077:
2070:
2061:
2054:
2048:
2043:Robert Forczyk,
2041:
2035:
2032:
2026:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
1999:. Archived from
1993:
1987:
1984:
1975:
1968:
1904:Army Group South
1874:Byelorussian SSR
1870:Battle of Lenino
1698:Bryansk maneuver
1657:10th Guards Army
1625:Yelnya offensive
1154:10th Guards Army
970:Operation Uranus
844:Andrei Yeremenko
711:PetsamoâKirkenes
589:Belgorod-Kharkov
555:VoronezhâKharkov
279:
269:
262:
255:
246:
245:
220:
213:
206:
205:3rd Panzer Army
152:Andrei Yeremenko
132:
130:
129:
122:
118:
116:
115:
66:
65:
58:
34:
33:
21:
5901:
5900:
5896:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5891:
5890:
5831:
5830:
5829:
5824:
5817:
5810:
5796:
5794:
5782:
5773:
5766:
5759:
5752:
5743:
5736:
5729:
5720:
5715:Atomic bombings
5713:
5706:
5699:
5692:
5685:
5676:
5669:
5662:
5655:
5648:
5641:
5634:
5627:
5620:
5613:
5606:
5599:
5592:
5585:
5578:
5571:
5558:
5551:
5540:
5533:
5526:
5517:
5510:
5503:
5496:
5489:
5482:
5473:
5464:
5457:
5448:
5441:
5434:
5427:
5418:
5411:
5406:Eastern Romania
5404:
5399:Warsaw Uprising
5397:
5392:Tannenberg Line
5390:
5383:
5378:Western Ukraine
5376:
5367:
5360:
5351:
5342:
5333:
5326:
5319:
5308:
5299:
5286:
5279:
5270:
5263:
5256:
5249:
5242:
5235:
5228:
5219:
5212:
5205:
5196:
5189:
5182:
5175:
5170:Battle of Kursk
5168:
5161:
5154:
5147:
5140:
5127:
5120:
5111:
5104:
5097:
5088:
5081:
5074:
5067:
5058:
5049:
5042:
5035:
5028:
5021:
5014:
5007:
5000:
4993:
4986:
4981:St Nazaire Raid
4979:
4972:
4965:
4952:
4945:
4938:
4931:
4924:
4917:
4910:
4903:
4896:
4889:
4882:
4875:
4868:
4861:
4854:
4847:
4840:
4833:
4826:
4819:
4805:
4796:
4789:
4782:
4775:
4768:
4763:Anglo-Iraqi War
4761:
4754:Battle of Crete
4752:
4745:
4738:
4731:
4724:
4711:
4702:
4695:
4688:
4683:Eastern Romania
4681:
4674:
4667:
4660:
4653:
4646:
4639:
4632:
4625:
4618:
4611:
4604:
4597:
4590:
4583:
4576:
4563:
4556:
4549:
4542:
4535:
4528:
4521:
4514:
4501:
4492:
4485:
4478:
4471:
4464:
4457:
4448:
4441:
4434:
4425:
4418:
4392:
4385:
4378:
4369:
4362:
4357:
4348:
4341:
4334:
4325:
4318:
4309:
4302:
4297:
4290:
4277:
4270:
4261:
4254:
4249:
4244:Western Ukraine
4242:
4235:
4228:
4221:
4214:
4207:
4200:
4193:
4188:Northeast China
4186:
4179:
4172:
4165:
4158:
4151:
4142:
4135:
4128:
4121:
4114:
4107:
4100:
4093:
4086:
4079:
4072:
4065:
4058:
4051:
4044:
4037:
4030:
4023:
4016:
4003:
3996:
3989:
3982:
3975:
3968:
3961:
3954:
3947:
3940:
3933:
3926:
3913:
3906:
3899:
3892:
3887:Slovak Republic
3885:
3877:
3870:
3863:
3858:Empire of Japan
3856:
3847:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3796:
3789:
3782:
3774:
3767:
3754:
3747:
3738:
3731:
3722:
3715:
3708:
3701:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3640:
3633:
3626:
3619:
3612:
3600:
3593:
3586:
3579:
3572:
3560:
3552:
3545:
3538:
3531:
3524:
3517:
3510:
3498:
3491:
3484:
3477:
3470:
3444:
3435:
3428:
3421:
3414:
3403:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3370:Sexual violence
3369:
3362:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3293:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3263:
3256:
3249:
3240:
3233:
3226:
3219:
3206:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3148:
3139:
3130:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3100:
3093:
3088:Greek Civil War
3086:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3031:
3024:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2962:
2955:
2948:
2939:
2932:
2925:
2918:
2913:South-East Asia
2911:
2904:
2897:
2884:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2826:
2819:
2812:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2772:Military awards
2770:
2761:
2754:
2747:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2675:
2666:
2659:
2639:
2632:
2625:
2616:
2609:
2602:
2597:
2588:
2581:
2574:
2566:
2561:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2514:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2459:, Moscow, 1957.
2417:, Moscow, 1963.
2389:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2374:
2366:
2362:
2357:
2353:
2348:
2344:
2335:
2331:
2326:
2322:
2317:
2313:
2306:
2302:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2279:
2274:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2252:
2248:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2227:
2222:
2218:
2213:
2209:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2161:
2157:
2152:
2148:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2130:
2121:
2117:
2108:
2104:
2099:
2092:
2087:
2080:
2071:
2064:
2055:
2051:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2020:
2016:
2006:
2004:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1978:
1969:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1882:
1847:street fighting
1808:German 4th Army
1739:
1723:pincer movement
1700:
1627:
1588:Battle of Kursk
1576:
1475:Nikolai Voronov
1463:
1428:
1420:Valentine tanks
1385:
1312:
1307:
1243:defensive lines
1222:
1220:German defenses
1123:
1118:
1116:Opposing forces
1044:
1003:
955:Battle of Kursk
951:
945:
899:
822:
821:
820:
815:
809:Prague uprising
792:BratislavaâBrno
782:MoraviaâOstrava
672:LvovâSandomierz
500:RzhevâSychyovka
328:BiaĆystokâMinsk
280:
275:
273:
238:
236:
233:Soviet sources:
227:Soviet sources:
197:
181:
179:
177:
172:
170:
168:
154:
136:
127:
125:
113:
111:
88:
59:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5899:
5889:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5826:
5825:
5823:
5822:
5815:
5808:
5791:
5788:
5787:
5784:
5783:
5781:
5780:
5779:
5778:
5771:
5764:
5750:
5749:
5748:
5734:
5731:South Sakhalin
5727:
5726:
5725:
5711:
5704:
5697:
5690:
5683:
5682:
5681:
5667:
5660:
5653:
5646:
5639:
5632:
5625:
5618:
5611:
5604:
5597:
5590:
5583:
5576:
5568:
5566:
5560:
5559:
5557:
5556:
5549:
5548:
5547:
5531:
5524:
5523:
5522:
5508:
5501:
5494:
5487:
5480:
5471:
5462:
5455:
5446:
5439:
5432:
5425:
5416:
5409:
5402:
5395:
5388:
5381:
5374:
5365:
5358:
5349:
5340:
5331:
5324:
5317:
5306:
5296:
5294:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5284:
5277:
5276:
5275:
5268:
5254:
5247:
5240:
5233:
5226:
5225:
5224:
5210:
5203:
5194:
5187:
5180:
5173:
5166:
5159:
5156:Battle of Attu
5152:
5145:
5137:
5135:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5125:
5118:
5109:
5102:
5095:
5086:
5079:
5072:
5065:
5056:
5055:
5054:
5047:
5033:
5026:
5019:
5012:
5005:
4998:
4991:
4984:
4977:
4970:
4962:
4960:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4943:
4936:
4929:
4922:
4915:
4908:
4905:Battle of Guam
4901:
4894:
4887:
4880:
4873:
4866:
4859:
4852:
4845:
4838:
4831:
4828:Battle of Kiev
4824:
4817:
4803:
4802:
4801:
4787:
4780:
4773:
4766:
4759:
4758:
4757:
4743:
4736:
4729:
4721:
4719:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4700:
4693:
4686:
4679:
4672:
4665:
4658:
4651:
4644:
4637:
4630:
4623:
4616:
4609:
4602:
4595:
4588:
4581:
4573:
4571:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4554:
4547:
4540:
4533:
4526:
4519:
4511:
4509:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4499:
4498:
4497:
4490:
4483:
4476:
4469:
4455:
4454:
4453:
4446:
4432:
4431:
4430:
4415:
4413:
4404:
4398:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4383:
4376:
4375:
4374:
4367:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4339:
4332:
4331:
4330:
4327:United Kingdom
4323:
4316:
4315:
4314:
4295:
4287:
4285:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4275:
4268:
4267:
4266:
4259:
4247:
4240:
4233:
4226:
4219:
4212:
4205:
4198:
4191:
4184:
4177:
4170:
4163:
4156:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4140:
4126:
4119:
4112:
4105:
4098:
4091:
4084:
4077:
4070:
4063:
4056:
4049:
4042:
4035:
4028:
4021:
4013:
4011:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3994:
3987:
3980:
3973:
3966:
3959:
3952:
3945:
3938:
3931:
3923:
3921:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3911:
3904:
3897:
3890:
3883:
3875:
3868:
3861:
3854:
3853:
3852:
3837:
3830:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3794:
3787:
3780:
3772:
3764:
3762:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3729:
3728:
3727:
3724:British Empire
3717:United Kingdom
3713:
3706:
3699:
3692:
3685:
3678:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3624:
3617:
3610:
3598:
3591:
3584:
3577:
3570:
3558:
3550:
3543:
3536:
3533:Czechoslovakia
3529:
3522:
3515:
3508:
3496:
3489:
3482:
3475:
3467:
3465:
3456:
3450:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3433:
3430:Rape of Manila
3426:
3419:
3412:
3401:
3386:
3379:
3367:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3351:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3328:
3321:
3307:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3282:
3268:
3261:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3216:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3201:United Nations
3197:
3190:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3174:
3167:
3160:
3146:
3137:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3107:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3060:Decolonization
3056:
3049:
3041:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3006:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2960:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2937:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2909:
2894:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2875:
2868:
2861:
2854:
2847:
2840:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2824:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2775:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2752:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2736:
2733:United Kingdom
2729:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2680:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2656:
2654:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2630:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2614:
2607:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2579:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2560:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2537:
2524:54.783; 32.050
2499:
2498:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2472:Voronov, N.N.
2470:
2467:
2460:
2453:
2450:Russian fights
2446:
2443:Soldier's duty
2439:
2434:Istomin, V.P.
2432:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2397:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2372:
2360:
2351:
2342:
2329:
2320:
2311:
2300:
2286:
2277:
2268:
2259:
2246:
2234:
2225:
2216:
2207:
2194:
2185:
2176:
2155:
2146:
2137:
2128:
2124:Soldier's duty
2115:
2102:
2090:
2078:
2072:V.P. Istomin,
2062:
2049:
2036:
2027:
2014:
2003:on 25 May 2013
1988:
1976:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1919:Einsatzgruppen
1900:Pripet marshes
1881:
1878:
1738:
1735:
1699:
1696:
1675:corps and the
1626:
1623:
1621:and Smolensk.
1575:
1572:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1520:
1509:
1505:
1486:
1481:The Wehrmacht
1462:
1459:
1452:counterattacks
1427:
1424:
1418:to attack its
1384:
1381:
1366:counterattacks
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1221:
1218:
1198:4th Shock Army
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1082:reinforcements
1043:
1040:
1002:
999:
944:
941:
940:
939:
933:
927:
921:
915:
909:
898:
895:
828:(code naming "
817:
816:
814:
813:
812:
811:
801:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
772:East Pomerania
769:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
734:
733:
729:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
681:
674:
669:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
631:
630:
626:
625:
620:
615:
608:
607:
606:
596:
591:
586:
581:
574:
569:
564:
557:
552:
547:
539:
538:
534:
533:
526:
519:
514:
507:
502:
497:
492:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
463:ToropetsâKholm
460:
453:
448:
442:
441:
437:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
415:
414:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
312:
311:
307:
306:
301:
296:
290:
289:
285:
282:
281:
272:
271:
264:
257:
249:
241:
240:
230:
225:
224:
217:
210:
189:
188:
184:
183:
182:1,100 aircraft
174:
164:
163:
159:
158:
149:
143:
142:
138:
137:
123:
107:
106:
102:
101:
98:
97:
96:Soviet victory
94:
90:
89:
80:
78:
74:
73:
70:
62:
61:
51:
50:
39:
38:
32:
31:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5898:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5838:
5836:
5820:
5816:
5813:
5809:
5806:
5805:
5800:
5793:
5792:
5789:
5776:
5772:
5769:
5765:
5762:
5758:
5757:
5755:
5751:
5746:
5742:
5741:
5739:
5738:Kuril Islands
5735:
5732:
5728:
5723:
5719:
5718:
5716:
5712:
5709:
5705:
5702:
5698:
5695:
5691:
5688:
5684:
5679:
5675:
5674:
5672:
5668:
5665:
5661:
5658:
5654:
5651:
5647:
5644:
5640:
5637:
5633:
5630:
5626:
5623:
5619:
5616:
5612:
5609:
5605:
5602:
5598:
5595:
5591:
5588:
5584:
5581:
5577:
5574:
5570:
5569:
5567:
5565:
5561:
5554:
5550:
5545:
5544:
5539:
5538:
5536:
5532:
5529:
5525:
5520:
5516:
5515:
5513:
5509:
5506:
5505:Syrmian Front
5502:
5499:
5495:
5492:
5488:
5485:
5481:
5478:
5477:
5472:
5469:
5468:
5463:
5460:
5456:
5453:
5452:
5451:Market Garden
5447:
5444:
5440:
5437:
5433:
5430:
5426:
5423:
5422:
5417:
5414:
5410:
5407:
5403:
5400:
5396:
5393:
5389:
5386:
5382:
5379:
5375:
5372:
5371:
5366:
5363:
5359:
5356:
5355:
5350:
5347:
5346:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5332:
5329:
5325:
5322:
5318:
5315:
5311:
5310:Monte Cassino
5307:
5304:
5303:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5293:
5289:
5282:
5278:
5273:
5269:
5266:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5255:
5252:
5248:
5245:
5241:
5238:
5234:
5231:
5227:
5222:
5218:
5217:
5215:
5211:
5208:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5195:
5192:
5188:
5185:
5181:
5178:
5174:
5171:
5167:
5164:
5160:
5157:
5153:
5150:
5146:
5143:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5134:
5130:
5123:
5119:
5116:
5115:
5110:
5107:
5103:
5100:
5096:
5093:
5092:
5087:
5084:
5080:
5077:
5073:
5070:
5066:
5063:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5048:
5045:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5034:
5031:
5027:
5024:
5020:
5017:
5013:
5010:
5006:
5003:
4999:
4996:
4992:
4989:
4985:
4982:
4978:
4975:
4971:
4968:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4959:
4955:
4948:
4944:
4941:
4937:
4934:
4930:
4927:
4923:
4920:
4916:
4913:
4909:
4906:
4902:
4899:
4895:
4892:
4888:
4885:
4881:
4878:
4874:
4871:
4867:
4864:
4860:
4857:
4853:
4850:
4846:
4843:
4839:
4836:
4832:
4829:
4825:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4804:
4799:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4788:
4785:
4781:
4778:
4774:
4771:
4767:
4764:
4760:
4755:
4751:
4750:
4748:
4744:
4741:
4737:
4734:
4730:
4727:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4718:
4714:
4707:
4706:
4701:
4698:
4694:
4691:
4687:
4684:
4680:
4677:
4676:Baltic states
4673:
4670:
4666:
4663:
4659:
4656:
4652:
4649:
4645:
4642:
4638:
4635:
4631:
4628:
4624:
4621:
4617:
4614:
4610:
4607:
4603:
4600:
4596:
4593:
4589:
4586:
4582:
4579:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4570:
4566:
4559:
4555:
4552:
4548:
4545:
4541:
4538:
4534:
4531:
4527:
4524:
4520:
4517:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4508:
4504:
4495:
4491:
4488:
4484:
4481:
4477:
4474:
4470:
4467:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4451:
4447:
4444:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4433:
4428:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4399:
4388:
4384:
4381:
4377:
4372:
4368:
4365:
4361:
4360:
4356:
4351:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4340:
4337:
4333:
4328:
4324:
4321:
4320:United States
4317:
4312:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4301:
4300:
4296:
4293:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4284:
4280:
4273:
4269:
4264:
4260:
4257:
4256:Quá»c dĂąn ÄáșŁng
4253:
4252:
4248:
4245:
4241:
4238:
4234:
4231:
4227:
4224:
4220:
4217:
4213:
4210:
4206:
4203:
4199:
4196:
4192:
4189:
4185:
4182:
4178:
4175:
4171:
4168:
4164:
4161:
4157:
4154:
4150:
4145:
4141:
4138:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4127:
4124:
4120:
4117:
4113:
4110:
4106:
4103:
4099:
4096:
4092:
4089:
4085:
4082:
4078:
4075:
4071:
4068:
4064:
4061:
4057:
4054:
4050:
4047:
4043:
4040:
4036:
4033:
4029:
4026:
4022:
4019:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4010:
4006:
3999:
3995:
3992:
3988:
3985:
3981:
3978:
3974:
3971:
3967:
3964:
3960:
3957:
3956:Liechtenstein
3953:
3950:
3946:
3943:
3939:
3936:
3932:
3929:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3916:
3909:
3908:Collaboration
3905:
3902:
3898:
3895:
3891:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3873:
3869:
3866:
3862:
3859:
3855:
3850:
3846:
3845:
3842:
3838:
3835:
3831:
3828:
3824:
3821:
3817:
3814:
3810:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3792:
3788:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3770:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3757:
3750:
3746:
3741:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3733:United States
3730:
3725:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3714:
3711:
3707:
3704:
3700:
3697:
3693:
3690:
3686:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3664:
3660:
3657:
3653:
3650:
3646:
3643:
3639:
3636:
3632:
3629:
3625:
3622:
3618:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3596:
3592:
3589:
3585:
3582:
3578:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3548:
3544:
3541:
3537:
3534:
3530:
3527:
3523:
3520:
3516:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3483:
3480:
3476:
3473:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3438:
3434:
3431:
3427:
3424:
3423:Comfort women
3420:
3417:
3413:
3410:
3407: /
3406:
3402:
3399:
3396: /
3395:
3392: /
3391:
3387:
3384:
3383:Camp brothels
3380:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3368:
3365:
3361:
3356:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3333:
3329:
3326:
3322:
3319:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3305:
3301:
3296:
3292:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:The Holocaust
3269:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3258:forced labour
3255:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3243:
3239:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3202:
3198:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3184:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3168:
3165:
3161:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3111:Marshall Plan
3108:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3096:
3092:
3089:
3085:
3082:
3078:
3075:
3071:
3068:
3064:
3061:
3057:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3027:
3023:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3000:
2995:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2965:
2964:Eastern Front
2961:
2958:
2957:Western Front
2954:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2942:
2938:
2935:
2931:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2910:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2880:
2876:
2873:
2869:
2866:
2862:
2859:
2855:
2852:
2851:Puppet states
2848:
2845:
2841:
2838:
2834:
2829:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2793:Naval history
2790:
2787:
2783:
2780:
2776:
2773:
2769:
2764:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2746:
2741:
2740:United States
2737:
2734:
2730:
2727:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2713:
2709:
2706:
2702:
2699:
2695:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2674:
2669:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2646:
2642:
2635:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2619:
2615:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2569:
2565:
2558:
2553:
2551:
2546:
2544:
2539:
2538:
2535:
2531:
2528:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2486:Zhukov, G.K.
2485:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2451:
2447:
2444:
2440:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2426:
2423:
2419:
2416:
2412:
2410:
2409:0-7006-0899-0
2406:
2402:
2398:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2376:
2369:
2364:
2355:
2346:
2339:
2333:
2324:
2315:
2309:
2304:
2298:
2295:
2290:
2281:
2272:
2263:
2256:
2250:
2243:
2238:
2229:
2220:
2211:
2204:
2198:
2189:
2180:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2150:
2141:
2132:
2125:
2119:
2112:
2106:
2097:
2095:
2085:
2083:
2075:
2069:
2067:
2059:
2053:
2046:
2040:
2031:
2024:
2018:
2002:
1998:
1992:
1983:
1981:
1973:
1967:
1965:
1960:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1913:committed by
1912:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1891:
1886:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1839:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1777:Western Front
1773:
1771:
1770:Dukhovshchina
1767:
1766:Kalinin Front
1762:
1760:
1759:Western Front
1756:
1755:Kalinin Front
1752:
1748:
1744:
1734:
1732:
1726:
1724:
1720:
1719:Western Front
1716:
1711:
1709:
1708:Markian Popov
1705:
1695:
1692:
1687:
1685:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1631:
1622:
1620:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1596:North Ukraine
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1564:Eastern Front
1560:
1558:
1557:Bryansk Front
1554:
1550:
1549:4th Tank Army
1546:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1490:defense lines
1487:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1471:A. I. Antonov
1468:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1444:Dukhovshchina
1441:
1437:
1433:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1412:anti-aircraft
1409:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1389:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1367:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1342:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1316:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1295:Dukhovshchina
1292:
1288:
1282:
1280:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1244:
1237:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1127:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1088:axis and the
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1039:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1019:Western Dvina
1016:
1011:
1009:
997:
993:
991:
987:
982:
979:
975:
971:
967:
966:Joseph Stalin
962:
960:
959:Eastern Front
956:
950:
937:
934:
931:
928:
925:
922:
919:
916:
913:
910:
907:
904:
903:
902:
894:
892:
888:
882:
880:
876:
871:
869:
865:
861:
857:
856:Western Front
853:
849:
848:Kalinin Front
845:
841:
837:
833:
832:
827:
810:
807:
806:
805:
802:
800:
799:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
767:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
740:
736:
735:
731:
730:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
686:
682:
680:
679:
675:
673:
670:
668:
667:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
632:
628:
627:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
613:
609:
605:
602:
601:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
579:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
562:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
545:
541:
540:
536:
535:
532:
531:
530:Little Saturn
527:
525:
524:
520:
518:
517:Velikiye Luki
515:
513:
512:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
490:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
458:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
443:
439:
438:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
413:
412:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
375:
371:
369:
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288:Naval warfare
287:
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278:
277:Eastern Front
270:
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185:
176:1,252,600 men
175:
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63:
57:
52:
49:
45:
44:Eastern Front
40:
35:
30:
19:
5812:Bibliography
5795:
5608:Project Hula
5573:VistulaâOder
5542:
5475:
5466:
5450:
5420:
5369:
5353:
5344:
5335:
5301:
5198:
5183:
5113:
5089:
5059:
4810:
4703:
4648:North Africa
4350:Soviet Union
4304:Soviet Union
4230:Soviet Union
3998:Vatican City
3901:Vichy France
3806:German Reich
3703:Soviet Union
3689:South Africa
3682:Sierra Leone
3635:Newfoundland
3454:Participants
3437:Marocchinate
3141:
3132:
3102:
2980:North Africa
2941:Indian Ocean
2800:Nazi plunder
2691:Cryptography
2564:World War II
2500:
2494:
2487:
2480:
2473:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2428:
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2414:
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2393:
2387:Bibliography
2375:
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2354:
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2337:
2332:
2323:
2314:
2307:
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2017:
2005:. Retrieved
2001:the original
1991:
1971:
1928:
1917:
1908:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1867:
1864:
1844:
1817:
1813:
1796:defense line
1793:
1774:
1763:
1740:
1727:
1712:
1701:
1688:
1681:
1677:1st Air Army
1654:
1651:
1636:
1616:
1577:
1561:
1542:
1466:
1464:
1456:
1434:(the Soviet
1429:
1416:dive bombers
1405:
1401:Spas-Demensk
1394:
1370:
1362:
1346:
1337:
1321:
1299:Spas-Demensk
1283:
1275:
1263:machine guns
1247:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1223:
1210:3rd Air Army
1182:1st Air Army
1151:
1132:
1071:
1048:
1045:
1015:Donets Basin
1012:
1004:
995:
983:
963:
952:
900:
883:
872:
829:
825:
823:
796:
777:Lake Balaton
765:
750:East Prussia
739:VistulaâOder
737:
683:
676:
664:
610:
599:2nd Smolensk
598:
576:
560:
543:
529:
522:
509:
487:
455:
434:Air war 1941
409:
372:
348:1st Smolensk
315:
304:Arctic Ocean
232:
226:
198:
193:
192:
173:700 aircraft
134:Soviet Union
105:Belligerents
86:Soviet Union
48:World War II
42:Part of the
29:
5543:Bodenplatte
5429:Gothic Line
4655:West Africa
4202:Philippines
4181:Netherlands
4046:Czech lands
3984:Switzerland
3928:Afghanistan
3872:Philippines
3740:Puerto Rico
3656:Philippines
3642:New Zealand
3628:Netherlands
3581:Free France
3332:Prosecution
3133:Osoaviakhim
3003:West Africa
2987:East Africa
2634:Conferences
2522: /
1800:envelopment
1789:bridgeheads
1508:supervised.
1498:barbed wire
1395:During the
1267:barbed wire
824:The second
572:Gorky Blitz
567:3rd Kharkov
483:2nd Kharkov
385:1st Kharkov
380:Sea of Azov
180:1,430 tanks
178:20,640 guns
167:850,000 men
5835:Categories
5643:West Hunan
5476:Pointblank
4812:Silver Fox
4798:Summer War
4551:Winter War
4530:Phoney War
4311:Azerbaijan
4272:Yugoslavia
4167:Luxembourg
4009:Resistance
3749:Yugoslavia
3614:Luxembourg
3416:Sook Ching
3212:War crimes
2814:Technology
2807:Opposition
2749:Lend-Lease
2726:Australian
2719:Home front
2677:Blitzkrieg
2627:Casualties
2618:Commanders
2590:Operations
1950:References
1911:war crimes
1902:, cutting
1802:. General
1673:mechanized
1669:tank corps
1502:minefields
1488:Wehrmacht
1448:regimental
1271:minefields
1212:, and the
1135:re-entrant
1055:logistical
1050:rasputitsa
974:Stalingrad
947:See also:
696:2nd Baltic
691:Dukla Pass
678:Doppelkopf
650:2nd Crimea
594:2nd Donbas
584:1st Donbas
561:Polar Star
511:Stalingrad
395:Sevastopol
390:1st Crimea
333:1st Baltic
317:Barbarossa
294:Baltic Sea
169:8,800 guns
5708:Manchuria
5594:Indochina
5370:Bagration
4821:Lithuania
4466:Anschluss
4263:Viet Minh
4160:Lithuania
4102:Hong Kong
3865:Manchukuo
3820:Azad Hind
3479:Australia
3279:Aftermath
3142:Paperclip
3037:Aftermath
2837:Total war
2705:Diplomacy
2668:In Europe
1936:Leningrad
1880:Aftermath
1665:33rd Army
1661:21st Army
1528:divisions
1524:regiments
1377:stalemate
1333:33rd Army
1279:garrisons
1214:31st Army
1206:43rd Army
1202:39th Army
1178:68th Army
1174:49th Army
1170:33rd Army
1166:21st Army
1162:10th Army
1074:Wehrmacht
1008:artillery
1001:Geography
870:in 1941.
721:Gumbinnen
666:Bagration
505:Sinyavino
489:Case Blue
374:Leningrad
299:Black Sea
219:9th Army
212:4th Army
171:500 tanks
5819:Category
5768:document
5678:document
5535:Ardennes
5519:Budapest
5467:Crossbow
5345:Overlord
5184:Smolensk
4402:Timeline
4237:Slovakia
4223:Thailand
4074:Ethiopia
4039:Bulgaria
3963:Portugal
3894:Thailand
3776:Bulgaria
3554:Eswatini
3547:Ethiopia
3500:Bulgaria
3325:Unit 731
3286:Response
3103:Keelhaul
3053:Cold War
3026:Americas
3017:timeline
3010:Atlantic
2890:Theaters
2392:Author?
2007:13 March
1872:(in the
1781:Yartsevo
1757:and the
1717:and the
1663:and the
1594:line in
1551:and the
1517:infantry
1494:trenches
1329:5th Army
1251:trenches
1158:5th Army
860:Smolensk
836:Red Army
766:Solstice
726:Budapest
716:Courland
706:Debrecen
701:Belgrade
623:2nd Kiev
495:Caucasus
468:Demyansk
429:Chechnya
363:1st Kiev
162:Strength
84:region,
82:Smolensk
77:Location
5745:Shumshu
5512:Hungary
5459:Estonia
5443:Lapland
5421:Dragoon
5354:Neptune
5336:Ichi-Go
5302:Tempest
5244:Changde
5199:Cottage
5091:Jubilee
4807:Finland
4705:Compass
4411:Prelude
4364:Finland
4250:Vietnam
4216:Romania
4088:Germany
4067:Estonia
4053:Denmark
4032:Belgium
4025:Austria
4018:Albania
3949:Ireland
3935:Andorra
3919:Neutral
3879:Romania
3813:Hungary
3798:Finland
3670:Romania
3562:Finland
3540:Denmark
3486:Belgium
3472:Algeria
3178:Romania
3164:Hungary
2920:Pacific
2644:General
2598:Leaders
2583:Battles
2576:Outline
2510:32°03âČE
2507:54°47âČN
2488:Memoirs
1932:Ukraine
1860:Mogilev
1852:Vitebsk
1832:Vitebsk
1828:Mogilev
1775:On the
1764:On the
1743:Vitebsk
1704:Bryansk
1612:salient
1600:Roslavl
1545:Voronov
1513:mortars
1450:-sized
1438:), the
1373:cavalry
1325:Roslavl
1147:Western
1143:Kalinin
1137:around
1098:Mogilev
1086:Bryansk
1078:Roslavl
1031:Volost'
1023:Dnieper
990:memoirs
978:Ukraine
887:Dnieper
879:Belarus
875:Roslavl
864:Bryansk
831:Suvorov
760:Breslau
755:Silesia
660:Karelia
612:Dnieper
478:Bamberg
419:Finland
368:Tallinn
120:Germany
5722:Debate
5694:Taipei
5687:Borneo
5265:Tarawa
4459:Europe
4420:Africa
4209:Poland
4195:Norway
4174:Malaya
4153:Latvia
4095:Greece
4081:France
3977:Sweden
3942:Bhutan
3663:Poland
3649:Norway
3621:Mexico
3588:Greece
3574:France
3512:Canada
3493:Brazil
3463:Allies
3409:Serbia
3398:Poland
3171:Poland
3157:Baltic
2950:Europe
2652:Topics
2604:Allied
2407:
1997:"1943"
1924:oblast
1858:, and
1820:Stavka
1731:Yelnya
1619:Yelnya
1515:, and
1467:per se
1432:Stavka
1356:, and
1291:Yelnya
1069:line.
1063:Vyazma
891:Moscow
850:, and
804:Prague
798:Berlin
787:Vienna
604:Lenino
446:Lyuban
411:Moscow
400:Rostov
358:Odessa
131:
117:
93:Result
5498:Leyte
5328:Narva
5314:Anzio
5272:Makin
5230:Burma
5114:Torch
5083:Rzhev
5044:Kiska
4130:Korea
4116:Japan
4109:Italy
3991:Tibet
3970:Spain
3841:Italy
3602:Italy
3595:India
3519:China
3394:Japan
2994:Italy
2906:China
2858:Women
1955:Notes
1940:siege
1856:Orsha
1824:Orsha
1785:Desna
1747:Orsha
1702:Near
1643:Desna
1604:Oryol
1568:Kursk
1504:etc.)
1442:near
1408:Kirov
1287:Desna
1102:Oryol
1094:Orsha
1090:Nevel
1067:Kirov
1059:Rzhev
1027:Desna
645:Narva
618:Nevel
578:Kursk
544:Iskra
473:Kholm
457:Rzhev
424:Kerch
405:Gorky
338:Brody
323:Brest
199:Total
5564:1945
5292:1944
5133:1943
5061:Blue
5051:Attu
4958:1942
4717:1941
4569:1940
4507:1939
4436:Asia
4283:POWs
4123:Jews
3834:Iraq
3760:Axis
3710:Tuva
3526:Cuba
2611:Axis
2405:ISBN
2168:Tank
2162:See
2009:2014
1868:The
1826:and
1745:and
1671:, a
1647:Ugra
1645:and
1637:The
1526:and
1297:and
1259:moat
1255:tank
1145:and
1139:Orel
1072:The
1035:Ugra
1033:and
862:and
732:1945
629:1944
537:1943
523:Mars
440:1942
353:Uman
310:1941
69:Date
1483:OKH
46:of
5837::
5312:/
2093:^
2081:^
2065:^
1979:^
1963:^
1915:SS
1854:,
1659:,
1500:,
1496:,
1454:.
1379:.
1352:,
1335:.
1293:,
1273:.
1216:.
1208:,
1204:,
1200:,
1192:,
1188:,
1184:,
1180:,
1176:,
1172:,
1168:,
1164:,
1160:,
1156:,
1029:,
1025:,
1021:,
1017:,
992::
893:.
4815:)
4809:(
3676:)
3672:(
3608:)
3604:(
3568:)
3564:(
3506:)
3502:(
2556:e
2549:t
2542:v
2011:.
1348:(
1096:-
1092:-
1065:-
1061:-
268:e
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254:v
196::
20:)
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