127:
1564:. Although Jourdan had increased concentration from his dispositions at Ostrach, the French force was still over-extended. Against a more concentrated force, the Austrians could not have moved troops from the left to reinforce the right flank when Saint Cyr and Vandamme attacked from front and rear. Furthermore, Napoleon averred, Ferino's force on the French right had not been concentrated sufficiently and d'Hautpoul's cavalry assault had taken too long to materialize, giving the Austrians the upper hand. The Austrian left had halted his assault, freeing men from the southern flank to reinforce the northern one. Importantly, the Austrian line was short enough that troops could move quickly from the southern flank to the northern one. Furthermore, Napoleon argued, Jourdan had retreated north-northwest, to the Black Forest to protect
139:
4524:
1476:
wood, with the conflict there described as "obstinate and bloody." The
Archduke himself arrived with six battalions of Hungarian grenadiers and twelve squadrons of cuirassiers and led them into the fight. His grenadiers, experienced and battle-hardened, objected to his exposure and one actually grabbed the bridle of Charles' horse, to stop him. As the archduke prepared to dismount and lead his men on foot, Karl Aloys zu FĂĽrstenberg stepped forward to volunteer, reportedly stating that he would die first, before allowing the archduke to put himself in such danger. As Karl Aloys FĂĽrstenberg led the hussars and grenadiers into a counter-attack, he was hit by French
4459:
4391:
289:
4265:
1335:, an influential and wealthy ecclesiastical territory on Lake Constance. Jourdan's objective was simple and direct: cut the Austrian line at the border of the southwestern German states and Switzerland, preventing the Coalition's use of Switzerland as an overland route between central and southern Europe. Isolation of the two theaters would prevent the Austrians from assisting one another; furthermore, if the French held the interior passes in Switzerland, they could use these routes to move their own forces between the two theaters.
1025:
1061:
39:
3923:
1220:(October 1797). This treaty proved difficult to administer. Austria was slow to give up some of the Venetian territories. A Congress convened at Rastatt for the purposes of deciding which southwestern German states would be mediatised to compensate the dynastic houses for territorial losses, but was unable to make any progress. Supported by French republican forces, Swiss insurgents staged several uprisings, ultimately causing the overthrow of the Swiss Confederation after 18 months of civil war.
984:
996:
972:
912:
1085:
1008:
936:
960:
924:
900:
948:
1073:
1049:
1037:
867:
874:
4489:
4434:
881:
296:
2349:
1435:
1514:
the time, the
Austrians failed to pursue the retreating French; instead of pursuing the French, Charles ordered his army into cantonments at Stockach and Engen, as far south as Wahlweiss. The Aulic Council, in establishing a plan of battle, had forbidden his approach to the Rhine until Switzerland was also cleared of the French army; Charles simply held his ground.
1408:
to two-to-one, instead of almost three-to-one. Jourdan had consolidated his force over a shorter line, and had the full Army of the Danube under his direct command. Charles, likewise, had shortened his line; although Hotze had not yet caught up with the archduke, he and his 10,000 men were approaching from the
Austrians' left rear.
1374:, the Austrians managed to ford the stream anyway. They nearly outflanked General Saint Cyr's forces on the right flank, did outflank Lefebvre's forces in the center, and cut off a portion of the southern flank from the main body. Saint Cyr's troops barely managed to pull back before being fully cut off. Finally, General
1423:
division. Lefebvre, wounded at
Ostrach, was unable to take the field himself, and Laurent Saint Cyr commanded the left flank. When Jourdan considered his position, he felt it too extended, so he drew back further behind Stockach, toward Engen, where he could concentrate his force. The first division camped near the
1549:
Jourdan later claimed that the
Austrians had lost 7,000 killed or wounded, plus another 4,000 prisoners, and several cannons. For the whole day of the general engagement, the French had remained on the field of battle without meat, bread or brandy, and their animals had been without forage:
1495:
At the French right flank, General Ferino attempted to push the
Austrians back, first with a cannonade, followed by an attack through the woods on both sides of the road between Asch and Stockach. Two columns made two attacks, both of which were repulsed; finally, Ferino added his third column to the
1470:
The general engagement on 25 March was brutal and bloody. Before daybreak, at close to 0500, Saint Cyr opened by sending his forces in a headlong attack on the
Austrian right, coordinated with Souham and Ferino's assault on the Austrian left. The ferocious attack forced the Austrians out of the woods
1288:
The
Austrian Army and Archduke Charles, its commander-in-chief, had wintered with his army in the Bavarian, Austrian, and Salzburg territories on the eastern side of the Lech; his force alone numbered close to 80,000 troops, and outnumbered the French force by three to one. An additional 26,000,
1442:
The plan was straightforward: Vandamme and Saint Cyr would make a simultaneous attack on the
Austrian right, and Soult's and Jourdan's main force would attack the Austrian center and left. Jourdan's plan, to attack four points of the opposition simultaneously, seemed to him to be the only reasonable
1557:, and returned to Paris to complain about the lack of men, the inexperience of the men he had, their supplies, and the size, experience, and supply of the army he had to face. He found little sympathy there, and when he told the Directory that he was ill, tendering his resignation, it was accepted.
1475:
force on the
Austrian right, six squadrons of lancers of the First Regiment. At this point, Vandamme's small corps, which had moved into position in the night of 24 March, attacked from the rear. Saint Cyr's forces had taken hold of the woods outside Stockach, named by the Austrians as the gruesome
1422:
By 23 March, Jourdan had his headquarters in the vicinity of Stockach. He had recalled Barthélemy Ferino from the far right flank; Ferino had retreated along the coast of the Überlingen Lake, the northwestern finger of Lake Constance, to be in position at the close right flank, adjacent to Souham's
1407:
Fought at the junction of the east–west and north–south roads on the eastern side of the Black Forest, the day-long battle at Stockach and Engen pitted the two armies against each other for the second time in seven days. The Austrians still had the numerical superiority, but this time it was closer
1338:
Stretching between the Pfullendorf heights and the village lies a flat, wide plain, marshy in places, ringed with low-lying hills, and creased with a small tributary stream from which the village takes its name. Ostrach itself lies almost at the northern end of this plain, but slightly south of the
1513:
On the evening of 26 March, Jourdan arranged for the abandonment of the positions in Engen and Stockach. Saint Cyr had already withdrawn along the Danube, after his and Vandamme's assaults on the Austrian right failed, and was working his way west toward the Black Forest. Inexplicably, at least at
1394:
in Switzerland, via Stockach. The main army then began its own retreat in the early morning of the 22nd. The reserve division of d'Hautpoul left first, and pulled back via Stockach to Emmengen ob Eck. The first division pulled back to Bodman, on the northern tip of the Ăśberlingen-finger of Lake
1369:
By late on the 19th, Austrian and French soldiers had been skirmishing at outposts for more than 30 hours, with the action growing increasingly intense. In the early hours of the 21st, General Lefebvre informed Jourdan that the Austrians were attacking all his positions, and that the general
1223:
By early 1799, the French Directory had become impatient with stalling tactics employed by Austria. The uprising in Naples raised further alarms, and recent gains in Switzerland suggested the timing was fortuitous to venture on another campaign in northern Italy and southwestern Germany.
1152:
At Stockach, the French concentrated their forces into shorter lines, creating intense fighting conditions; initially, Charles's line was more extended, but he quickly pulled additional troops from his reserves to strengthen his front. When a small French force commanded by
1157:
nearly flanked the Austrian Army, Charles's personal intervention was crucial for the Austrians, buying time for reinforcements to arrive. General Jourdan, while trying to rally his men, was nearly trampled to death. Ultimately, the French were driven back upon the
1828:
Vandamme had been sent to Stuttgart, to determine if the enemy had troops there; this assignment not only depleted Lefebvre's force of its protective flank, but annoyed Vandamme, when he determined there were no imperial forces at Stuttgart. John Gallagher.
1277:, and at the southern end of the forest, along the Rhine bank. Although prudent counsel might have advised Jourdan to establish a position on the eastern slope of the mountains, he did not; instead he pushed across the Danube plain, taking position between
1431:. The third division was camped by Leibtengen (Liptingen, the French called it), and Neuhausen. Vandamme and his small corps worked themselves discreetly into a position behind the Austrian right flank. Jourdan established his headquarters at Engen.
1576:, where in combination the Army of Helvetia and the Army of the Danube could have combined forces to defeat the Habsburg army. With Jourdan's misguided overall strategy, Napoleon asserted, the French snatched defeat from the jaws of victory.
1496:
assault, which resulted in the Austrian reformation of the line, cannons at the center firing a heavy cannonade. Ferino could not respond because he had run out of artillery ammunition. The French fixed bayonets and charged the village of
1450:, formed into three columns and approaching from the north east. The main force, under the command of the Archduke Charles, included 53,000 men, also in three columns; in the main force, Charles had under his command the princes of
1339:
Danube itself. By 7 March, the first French forces arrived there, and the Austrians arrived a day or so later. Over the following week, additional forces for both sides arrived, and the two armies faced each other across this valley.
1550:"it is impossible to deny," Jourdan wrote later, "without the most glaring injustice or falsehood, that we gained a victory." Both sides claimed a victory, but most 19th- and 20th-century historians granted it to the Austrian force.
222:
218:
709:
1370:
engagement would begin shortly. After 24 hours of fighting, Austrian forces pushed Lefebvre and Saint Cyr's troops back to the Pfullendorf heights. Although sappers blew up the primary bridge over the
1451:
1492:, and Jourdan himself had barely escaped being trampled to death or captured, as he tried to rally his own troops. The superior number of Austrians stalled the main French assault on the Habsburg center.
5611:
2097:
See Blanning, p. 232; Deans, p. 645; Gallagher, p. 124; Phipps, p. 50; Kessinger, p. 3; Rothenberg, p. 79; and Young, p. 230; Jourdan claims the victory for his men (page 200), and Digby Smith, in his
1427:, the 11th-century fortress overlooking the marshes at the westernmost point of the Lake Constance. The second division, the advanced guard, and a cavalry division were camped on the heights above
2925:
1471:
in which they had been positioned overnight, and down the road to the village of Schwandorf. Fearing that his forces would be flanked, Charles directed some reinforcements to back up General
4588:
1458:
plus six battalions in a fourth column, north of the main column, but south of Nauendorf's command. An additional force of 13,000 troops under the command of Lieutenant Field Marshal
2325:
A History of the Commencement, Progress, and Termination of the Late War between Great Britain and France which continued from the first day of February 1793 to the first of October 1801
1702:
A History of the Commencement, Progress, and Termination of the Late War between Great Britain and France which continued from the first day of February 1793 to the first of October 1801
4287:
702:
1091:
1362:
First Division held the southernmost flank, to defend against any encirclement by Charles' force. Jourdan set up command at Pfullendorf, and the Cavalry Reserve, commanded by
695:
840:
5658:
835:
5273:
4154:
2496:
339:
1553:
The French Directory did as well. In mid April, suffering from a nephritic complaint, Jourdan handed over command to his chief of staff, general of division
4528:
2250:
volume 5: "The armies of the Rhine in Switzerland, Holland, Italy, Egypt and the coup d'etat of Brumaire, 1797–1799," Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1939.
5318:
5668:
5550:
2640:
751:
4940:
3841:
3796:
3703:
3650:
3581:
3451:
3425:
3342:
3239:
3166:
1209:
659:
5653:
5248:
4476:
1484:
was also killed in the battle. Saint Cyr made no progress until Vandamme's assault, but both withered under the Archduke's response. In the melee,
1417:
1560:
From exile on Elba fifteen years later, Napoleon analyzed the Battle of Stockach and the French defeat: its cause, he concluded, lay in Jourdan's
4536:
4329:
75:
4675:
4471:
1114:. In the broader military context, this battle constitutes a keystone in the first campaign in southwestern Germany during the Wars of the
4867:
4809:
4598:
2684:
2412:
288:
5298:
4655:
3994:
332:
2231:
A Memoir of the operations of the army of the Danube under the command of General Jourdan, taken from the manuscripts of that officer.
4421:
1724:
A Memoir of the operations of the army of the Danube under the command of General Jourdan, taken from the manuscripts of that officer
5253:
4705:
4608:
2875:
304:
4832:
2503:
1480:
and killed. Archduke Charles eventually did lead his grenadiers, and the French momentum was not only arrested, but reversed. The
1269:
The Army met little resistance as it advanced through the Black Forest in four columns, through the Höllental (Hölle valley), via
5601:
4670:
4583:
4044:
4239:
5673:
5509:
5283:
5000:
2608:
2172:
1396:
4411:
4350:
4308:
4139:
2592:
2274:
2224:
2184:
1838:
325:
5313:
4857:
4365:
2917:
1459:
5663:
4774:
4191:
4084:
3008:
1447:
194:
4064:
5288:
5243:
4416:
3568:
3329:
2584:
2353:
4789:
4743:
43:
Feldmarschall-Leutnant Karl Aloys zu FĂĽrstenberg leading Austrian infantry during the battle of Stockach, 25 March 1799.
5643:
5606:
5596:
4360:
3666:
3316:
638:
4985:
4196:
4171:
5648:
4980:
4321:
4282:
3828:
3459:
2489:
2440:
2307:
2296:
The Greenhill Napoleonic Wars Data Book: Actions and Losses in Personnel, Colours, Standards and Artillery, 1792–1815
2161:
1654:
1643:
The Greenhill Napoleonic Wars Data Book: Actions and Losses in Personnel, Colours, Standards and Artillery, 1792–1815
1138:
725:
668:
652:
190:
4029:
1359:
165:
4975:
4882:
4216:
2692:
2632:
5410:
5198:
5125:
5351:
5060:
3999:
2461:
2433:
2405:
935:
578:
433:
5193:
5090:
4680:
3674:
5586:
5188:
4965:
3658:
2796:
2648:
1485:
1363:
738:
631:
403:
363:
180:
4593:
1106:
occurred on 25 March 1799, when French and Austrian armies fought for control of the geographically strategic
5591:
4114:
3589:
3433:
3412:
3350:
3270:
3133:
2868:
2788:
2753:
1472:
1298:
533:
4024:
4014:
2701:
2179:
Trans and ed. Nicholas Murray and Christopher Pringle. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas (2020).
1342:
The French army extended in a long line from the Danube to Lake Constance. The Third Division, commanded by
1327:
The Army of the Danube advanced on Pfullendorf and Ostrach, the former an imperial city in Upper (southern)
5303:
4990:
4887:
4378:
4355:
4300:
4186:
4129:
3016:
2948:
2147:
History of Europe from the Commencement of the French Revolution in 1789 to the Restoration of the Bourbons
1375:
1343:
1290:
645:
508:
175:
4295:
3098:
1455:
206:
5405:
5030:
4925:
4804:
4784:
4695:
4624:
4446:
3944:
3711:
3404:
3257:
2745:
1350:'s detached force, returning from reconnaissance near Stuttgart, roamed on the north shore of the river.
1189:
856:
803:
792:
603:
568:
518:
398:
349:
30:
5228:
5080:
4094:
3989:
3227:
1759:
The armies of the Rhine in Switzerland, Holland, Italy, Egypt and the coup d'etat of Brumaire, 1797–1799
1351:
873:
160:
5638:
5540:
5095:
4074:
3298:
3247:
3179:
3079:
2863:
2772:
2559:
2398:
866:
616:
5075:
4837:
3969:
5555:
5140:
4872:
4715:
4570:
4373:
3936:
3812:
3613:
3597:
1593:
1171:
1119:
1060:
995:
971:
947:
719:
612:
558:
548:
538:
523:
468:
5450:
4995:
4827:
4603:
3984:
2342:
1500:, successfully taking it, but they were unable to hold it in the night, and subsequently fell back.
1149:
heights. The Austrian Army's superior strength, almost three-to-one, forced the French to withdraw.
5263:
5110:
5065:
4395:
4390:
4134:
3964:
3954:
3767:
3751:
3629:
3544:
3391:
3375:
3278:
3052:
2616:
2207:
1951:
1185:
923:
911:
588:
583:
498:
428:
393:
202:
4690:
1438:
French and Austrian troops concentrated their forces in the vicinity of Stockach on 25 March 1799.
1395:
Constance; in the retreat, a portion of the force was encircled and cut off by the 2nd Lancers of
5115:
5070:
4779:
4660:
4337:
4159:
3783:
3690:
3358:
3174:
3117:
3032:
2737:
2576:
2262:
1748:
1332:
1181:
983:
830:
810:
798:
483:
478:
473:
423:
383:
5120:
5015:
4069:
1488:, a general of brigade of Saint Cyr's III. Division, lost both his brother at his side, and his
198:
4905:
4738:
4342:
4034:
4019:
3892:
3759:
3637:
3383:
3303:
2972:
2847:
2839:
2729:
1255:
1217:
1024:
771:
622:
438:
418:
3849:
5445:
4759:
4710:
4645:
4176:
4059:
4049:
3927:
3922:
3820:
3775:
3528:
3475:
3293:
3283:
3222:
3212:
3207:
2964:
2820:
2468:
2254:
1740:
1379:
1239:
1130:
899:
815:
687:
593:
563:
528:
488:
453:
443:
155:
3504:
2337:
1201:
5384:
5258:
5020:
4842:
4764:
4613:
4221:
4211:
4004:
3719:
3536:
3483:
3288:
3071:
2169:
Napoleon Absent, Coalition Ascendant: The 1799 Campaign in Italy and Switzerland, Volume 1.
1554:
1522:
1048:
1036:
825:
766:
761:
493:
463:
413:
408:
4700:
4181:
4099:
3252:
3197:
1111:
820:
68:
8:
5460:
5390:
5238:
5168:
5025:
5005:
4970:
4945:
4877:
4578:
4104:
3488:
3367:
3125:
3037:
2812:
2804:
2780:
2539:
1561:
1072:
959:
756:
543:
503:
373:
5145:
5100:
1446:
The Habsburg center columns included 17,000 men under the command of field marshal
1141:; the armies had met a few days earlier, 20–22 March, on the marshy fields southeast of
4920:
4685:
4650:
4501:
4463:
4458:
4206:
4124:
4119:
3865:
3857:
3552:
3512:
3324:
3217:
2981:
2956:
2900:
2883:
2721:
1569:
1347:
1259:
1233:
1205:
1154:
1126:
776:
744:
608:
553:
185:
5268:
5085:
4847:
4720:
4277:
4231:
2568:
1636:
Phipps, pp. 49–50; Smith maintains the count at considerably lower, closer to 26,000.
5497:
5430:
5420:
5400:
4506:
3804:
3743:
3727:
3520:
2600:
2454:
2421:
2382:
2366:
2303:
2270:
2220:
2180:
2157:
1834:
1650:
1322:
1310:
1270:
1142:
1134:
1084:
598:
573:
388:
368:
143:
138:
5055:
4754:
3044:
2944:
2891:
2167:
5565:
5425:
5218:
5213:
5203:
4935:
4862:
4799:
4769:
4541:
4511:
4406:
4109:
3959:
3884:
3621:
3605:
3560:
3496:
3467:
3262:
3141:
3024:
2989:
2531:
2482:
2475:
1573:
1518:
1481:
1371:
1313:
would leave retirement to assist Austria in Italy with another 60,000 troops.
1306:
1263:
1197:
1115:
1007:
786:
781:
675:
513:
458:
448:
226:
210:
131:
5344:
2447:
1623:, volume 5: The armies of the Rhine in Switzerland, Holland, Italy, Egypt and the
5490:
5278:
4955:
4950:
4915:
4665:
4269:
4264:
4166:
4089:
3979:
3949:
3308:
3184:
2909:
2855:
2656:
2299:
2176:
1646:
1302:
1213:
1193:
1177:
5135:
38:
5560:
5502:
5308:
5130:
4910:
4630:
4493:
4488:
4438:
4433:
4253:
3441:
2675:
2259:
Napoleon's great adversaries: Archduke Charles and the Austrian Army 1792–1814
1745:
Napoleon's great adversaries: Archduke Charles and the Austrian Army 1792–1814
1537:. The cavalry could not find enough forage in the mountains, and were sent to
317:
5632:
5574:
5545:
5415:
5233:
5010:
4852:
4748:
4640:
4201:
4144:
1355:
170:
90:
77:
5040:
1354:
commanded the Advance Guard, positioned on the slope below Pfullendorf, and
5581:
5526:
5440:
5395:
5223:
5105:
4897:
4054:
4039:
4009:
1526:
1391:
1274:
5435:
5293:
5183:
4960:
4930:
4079:
3399:
3192:
2291:
1638:
1159:
1146:
5533:
5339:
5178:
4794:
4149:
2624:
2266:
1424:
1390:
On 21 March, at 2200, Jourdan ordered the wounded to be transported to
1294:
1282:
1242:
and his army of 25,000, the so-called Army of Observation, crossed the
5046:
5173:
4819:
4730:
4313:
3682:
1538:
1530:
1477:
2390:
2239:
Kessinger, Roland. '"Die Schlacht von Stockach am 25. Maerz 1799".
2206:
Jens-Florian Ebert. "Feldmarschall-Leutnant FĂĽrst zu FĂĽrstenberg."
1950:
Jens-Florian Ebert, "Feldmarschall-Leutnant FĂĽrst zu FĂĽrstenberg,"
5521:
5516:
5455:
5334:
5208:
3974:
1996:; the cuirassiers included the 7th Imperial Lothringen and the 8th
1534:
1497:
1278:
1212:
pushed Austrian forces back and resulted in the negotiation of the
64:
2518:
1974:
Alison, p. 115; Phipps, pp. 49–50. The grenadiers were battalions
1434:
1872:
Roland Kessinger, '"Die Schlacht von Stockach am 25. März 1799".
2348:
1565:
1331:, and the latter a nearby village of 300 belonging to the
1328:
126:
4589:
François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt
1627:, 1797–1799, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1939, pp. 49–50.
717:
4523:
1428:
1247:
1243:
1107:
1251:
4563:
2191:
A History of France from Earliest Times to the Present Day
1925:, v. 2, London, A. Fullarton, 1882, p. 645; Young, p. 230.
1923:
A History of France from Earliest Times to the Present Day
1517:
By 31 March, the Army of the Danube established itself in
4403:
2132:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co, 1904, vol. 3, pp. 581–582.
1704:. Two volumes. Edinburg: Turnbull, 1802, vol. 2, p. 220.
1443:
action against a force with such numerical superiority.
2217:
Napoleon's enfant terrible: General Dominique Vandamme.
1831:
Napoleon's enfant terrible: General Dominique Vandamme
1358:, with the Second Division, took position behind him.
1305:. The Austrians had already reached an agreement with
1297:, and further south, another 46,000, under command of
1399:
brigade, and more than 500 were taken prisoner.
1382:, threatened Ferino's First Division from the south.
5319:
List of people associated with the French Revolution
2070:
Alison, p. 115; Blanning, p. 232; Gallagher, p. 124.
5551:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
2641:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
2327:. In two volumes. Edinburg: Turnbull, 1802, vol. 2.
1761:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1939, pp. 49–50.
5659:Campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars by year
1596:. Some older English sources refer to this as the
1366:, stood slightly to the north and west of Souham.
2285:The Austro-Hungarian army of the Napoleonic wars.
1781:The Austro-Hungarian army of the Napoleonic wars.
1592:There was a second battle the following year—see
295:
5630:
4477:Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
1418:Order of battle at the Battle of Stockach (1799)
1673:, New York, Oxford University Press, pp. 41–59.
1568:. He should have retreated south, to join with
1402:
1346:, positioned itself at the far left flank, and
347:
2519:Significant civil and political events by year
2200:. volume 3, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co, 1904.
2145:Alison, Sir Archibald; Gould, Edward Sherman.
2406:
1833:. Tulsa: University of Oklahoma Press, 2008,
1726:. London: Debrett, 1799, pp. 140–144; Smith,
1533:. Jourdan set up his command headquarters at
1238:As winter broke in 1799, on 1 March, General
1180:forces achieved several initial victories at
1097:The color black indicates the current battle.
703:
333:
219:Nikolaus, Count of Colloredo-Mels and Wallsee
5572:
5531:
5507:
5488:
4472:Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick
1378:, marching north with 10,000 men, from
1125:It was the second battle between the French
3159:
2219:Tulsa: University of Oklahoma Press, 2008,
2156:. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
1783:London: Osprey, 1973, 9780850451474, p. 15.
5669:Battles of the War of the Second Coalition
4676:Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth
2413:
2399:
2373:French Revolution: Revolutionary campaigns
2253:
1739:
710:
696:
340:
326:
37:
4941:Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau
4599:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau
4422:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
16:Battle in the War of the Second Coalition
5654:Battles of the French Revolutionary Wars
5373:
2657:Nationalization of the Church properties
2248:The Armies of the First French Republic,
1433:
1316:
1254:. This crossing officially violated the
5602:Historiography of the French Revolution
4873:Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville
4584:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
2209:Die Österreichischen Generäle 1792–1815
2101:, notes it as a French victory, p. 148.
1953:Die Österreichischen Generäle 1792–1815
1876:. Salzburg: Öst. Milizverlag, 1997–. .
1755:The Armies of the First French Republic
1621:The Armies of the First French Republic
1385:
5631:
4609:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-PĂ©rigord
4564:Other significant figures and factions
1863:Phipps, pp. 49–50; Young, pp. 229–231.
5477:
5372:
4656:François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy
4562:
4412:James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez
4351:Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
4309:Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth
3912:
3158:
2789:Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary
2517:
2420:
2394:
2318:The history of the French revolution.
2290:
2198:Napoleon: A History of the Art of War
2130:Napoleon: A History of the Art of War
1637:
1465:
691:
321:
4810:Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux
4222:Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno
3913:
3009:Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III
2287:London: Osprey, 1973, 9780850451474.
2243:Salzburg: Öst. Milizverlag, 1997–. .
1885:Gallagher, p. 76; Phipps, pp. 49–50.
1448:Friedrich Joseph, Count of Nauendorf
1397:Karl Philipp, Prince Schwarzenberg's
1227:
195:Friedrich Joseph, Count of Nauendorf
5478:
4417:Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth
2193:, v. 2, London, A. Fullarton, 1882.
1258:. On 2 March, the Army was renamed
1216:(17 April 1797) and the subsequent
13:
5607:Influence of the French Revolution
5597:Symbolism in the French Revolution
4361:Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen
4322:Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc
2577:Convocation of the Estates General
2343:Battle of Magnano by Enrico Acerbi
2241:Zeitschrift für Militärgeschichte.
223:Prince Wilhelm von Anhalt-Bernburg
14:
5685:
5249:Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes
4981:Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville
4283:Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen
4065:François Christophe de Kellermann
3304:Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees)
2331:
1874:Zeitschrift für Militärgeschichte
1544:
1309:of Russia by which the legendary
276:5,800 killed, wounded or captured
271:4,000 killed, wounded or captured
4976:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai
4883:Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours
4853:Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot
4744:Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière
4522:
4487:
4457:
4432:
4389:
4263:
4140:Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise
3921:
2693:Civil Constitution of the Clergy
2347:
2034:Alison, p. 116; Jourdan, p. 192.
1360:Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino's
1083:
1071:
1059:
1047:
1035:
1023:
1006:
994:
982:
970:
958:
946:
934:
922:
910:
898:
879:
872:
865:
294:
287:
137:
125:
5314:Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil
5061:Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne
4986:Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas
4197:Jean-Mathieu-Philibert SĂ©rurier
4192:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer
4172:Catherine-Dominique de PĂ©rignon
4000:Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine
2918:Marie Antoinette is guillotined
2338:Battle of Magnano by J. Rickard
2320:New York: Appleton, 1854, v. 4,
2122:
2113:
2110:Deans, p. 645; Jourdan, p. 204.
2104:
2091:
2082:
2073:
2064:
2055:
2046:
2037:
2028:
2019:
2003:
1968:
1959:
1941:
1928:
1915:
1906:
1897:
1888:
1879:
1866:
1857:
1844:
1822:
1813:
1804:
1795:
1786:
1773:
1764:
1733:
1411:
5587:Women in the French Revolution
5189:Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien
4366:Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló
4030:Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino
3659:French invasion of Switzerland
2149:. New York: A.S. Barnes, 1850.
1716:
1707:
1694:
1685:
1676:
1663:
1630:
1613:
1600:and some French chronicles as
1586:
1486:Claude Juste Alexandre Legrand
199:Alexander, Duke of WĂĽrttemberg
166:Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino
1:
5674:1799 in the Holy Roman Empire
5592:Incroyables and merveilleuses
5411:Pierre Claude François Daunou
5199:Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé
4330:Maximilian Baillet de Latour
4301:Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze
3598:Naval Engagement off Brittany
3351:Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies
3325:Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees)
3134:Constitution of the Year VIII
2869:Committee of General Security
2754:National Legislative Assembly
2609:National Constituent Assembly
2154:The French Revolutionary Wars
2139:
1671:The French Revolutionary Wars
1508:
1299:Count Heinrich von Bellegarde
1165:
5510:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
5304:Charles Alexandre de Calonne
5194:Louis Henri, Prince of Condé
5091:Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte
4991:Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier
4681:Charles Malo François Lameth
4356:Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich
4187:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr
4130:Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey
3330:Second Battle of Wissembourg
3017:Constitution of the Year III
1503:
1403:Battle at Stockach and Engen
1376:Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze
1344:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr
1301:, formed the defense of the
1291:Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze
176:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr
7:
5664:War of the Second Coalition
5406:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
5031:Antoine Christophe Saliceti
4966:Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois
4926:Louis Antoine de Saint-Just
4805:Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet
4790:JĂ©rĂ´me PĂ©tion de Villeneuve
4785:Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud
4594:Isaac René Guy le Chapelier
4447:William V, Prince of Orange
3317:First Battle of Wissembourg
3274:(21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793)
2990:Closing of the Jacobin Club
2859:(27 Jun 1793 – 27 Jul 1794)
2816:(20 Sep 1792 – 26 Oct 1795)
2676:Abolition of the Parlements
2649:Women's March on Versailles
2298:. Greenhill, Pennsylvania:
1645:. Greenhill, Pennsylvania:
1462:formed the southern flank.
1364:Jean-Joseph Ange d'Hautpoul
857:War of the Second Coalition
351:War of the Second Coalition
181:Jean-Joseph Ange d'Hautpoul
31:War of the Second Coalition
10:
5690:
5541:French Republican calendar
5096:Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel
4721:Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac
4075:Pierre Choderlos de Laclos
4025:Charles François Dumouriez
4015:Jacques François Dugommier
3829:League of Armed Neutrality
3662:(28 January – 17 May 1798)
3614:Battle of the Bay of Cádiz
3437:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
3416:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
3080:Second Congress of Rastatt
2864:Committee of Public Safety
2851:(9 Mar 1793 – 31 May 1795)
2376:Battle of Stockach (1799)
2212:. Accessed 7 October 2009.
1956:. Accessed 7 October 2009.
1415:
1320:
1231:
1169:
5644:Battles involving Austria
5556:Cult of the Supreme Being
5484:
5473:
5379:
5368:
5327:
5161:
5154:
5039:
4896:
4818:
4729:
4716:Pierre Paul Royer-Collard
4622:
4571:Patriotic Society of 1789
4569:
4558:
4520:
4485:
4455:
4430:
4387:
4374:Karl Philipp Sebottendorf
4296:Karl Aloys zu FĂĽrstenberg
4261:
4252:
4230:
3935:
3919:
3908:
3877:
3840:
3813:Convention of Alessandria
3795:
3702:
3649:
3580:
3450:
3424:
3341:
3238:
3165:
3154:
3110:
3099:Law of 22 Floréal Year VI
3091:
3064:
3001:
2937:
2832:
2765:
2714:
2668:
2560:What Is the Third Estate?
2551:
2524:
2513:
2428:
2229:Jourdan, Jean-Baptiste.
2196:Dodge, Theodore Ayrault,
2099:Napoleonic Wars Data Book
1594:Second Battle of Stockach
1172:French Revolutionary Wars
1120:French Revolutionary Wars
733:
721:French Revolutionary Wars
359:
282:
265:
236:
207:Karl Aloys zu FĂĽrstenberg
149:
118:
47:
36:
28:
24:Battle of Stockach (1799)
23:
5649:Battles involving France
5264:Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target
5229:Joséphine de Beauharnais
5111:Stanislas-Marie Maillard
5081:François-Nicolas Vincent
5066:Pierre Gaspard Chaumette
4240:Charles-Alexandre Linois
4135:Jean Victor Marie Moreau
4115:François Séverin Marceau
4095:François Joseph Lefebvre
3990:Jean-Étienne Championnet
3965:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
3960:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
3955:Alexandre de Beauharnais
3945:Eustache Charles d'Aoust
3667:French Invasion of Egypt
3545:Second Battle of Bassano
3279:Battle of Kaiserslautern
3053:Conspiracy of the Equals
2746:The Constitution of 1791
2617:Storming of the Bastille
2128:Theodore Ayrault Dodge,
1753:; Ramsey Weston Phipps.
1751:: Spellmount, p. 74
1579:
1352:François Joseph Lefebvre
203:Olivier, Count of Wallis
161:François Joseph Lefebvre
5244:Jacques-Donatien Le Ray
5116:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
5076:Antoine-François Momoro
5071:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
4888:François de Neufchâteau
4838:Charles-François Lebrun
4780:Jean Baptiste Treilhard
4661:Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas
4537:Luis Firmin de Carvajal
4343:Rudolf Ritter von Otto
4338:Karl Mack von Leiberich
3970:Jean-Baptiste Bessières
3784:Second Battle of Zurich
3675:Irish Rebellion of 1798
3521:First Battle of Bassano
3359:Second Battle of Boulou
3160:Revolutionary campaigns
3118:Coup of 30 Prairial VII
3033:Council of Five Hundred
2821:First republic declared
2757:(1 Oct 1791 – Sep 1792)
2738:Declaration of Pillnitz
2462:Constitutional monarchy
2263:Stroud, Gloucestershire
2246:Phipps, Ramsey Weston,
1749:Stroud, Gloucestershire
1722:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan.
1625:coup d'etat of Brumaire
1333:Imperial Abbey of Salem
5573:
5532:
5508:
5489:
5001:Prieur de la CĂ´te-d'Or
4996:Jean-Pierre-André Amar
4906:Maximilien Robespierre
4739:Jacques Pierre Brissot
4604:Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
4035:Louis-Charles de Flers
4020:Thomas-Alexandre Dumas
3985:Jean François Carteaux
3760:First Battle of Zurich
3723:(20 Mar – 21 May 1799)
3678:(23 May – 23 Sep 1798)
3638:Treaty of Campo Formio
3384:Glorious First of June
3312:(18 Sep – 18 Dec 1793)
3271:Expedition to Sardinia
2949:Desmoulins guillotined
2884:Assassination of Marat
2876:Fall of the Girondists
2848:Revolutionary Tribunal
2840:Execution of Louis XVI
2730:Champ de Mars massacre
2633:Abolition of Feudalism
2255:Rothenberg, Gunther E.
2233:London, Debrett, 1799.
2175:24 August 2022 at the
2166:Clausewitz, Carl von.
1741:Rothenberg, Gunther E.
1682:Blanning, pp. 200–280.
1619:Ramsey Weston Phipps,
1439:
1256:Treaty of Campo Formio
1218:Treaty of Campo Formio
1110:region in present-day
632:Mediterranean Campaign
308:Location within Europe
150:Commanders and leaders
5446:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
4711:Jean-Charles Pichegru
4691:Jean-François Rewbell
4177:Jean-Charles Pichegru
4060:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
4050:Jacques Maurice Hatry
3821:Battle of Hohenlinden
3694:(12 Oct – 5 Dec 1798)
3529:Battle of Emmendingen
3476:Battle of Castiglione
3363:(30 Apr – 1 May 1794)
3294:Battle of Hondschoote
2965:Thermidorian Reaction
2929:(throughout the year)
2702:Fête de la Fédération
2628:(20 Jul – 5 Aug 1789)
2612:(9 Jul – 30 Sep 1791)
2596:(17 Jun – 9 Jul 1790)
2052:Jourdan, pp. 197–199.
1998:Hohenzollern Regiment
1903:Gallagher, pp. 78–79.
1437:
1416:Further information:
1321:Further information:
1317:Engagement at Ostrach
1262:, upon orders of the
1240:Jean Baptiste Jourdan
1232:Further information:
1131:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
266:Casualties and losses
156:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
5374:Influential thinkers
5121:Jean-François Varlet
5021:Jean-Lambert Tallien
5016:Jean Bon Saint-André
4843:Pierre-Joseph Cambon
4765:Marquis de Condorcet
4614:Nicolas de Condorcet
4379:Dagobert von Wurmser
4212:Louis-Gabriel Suchet
4155:Pierre-Jacques Osten
4070:Jean-Baptiste Kléber
4005:Louis-Nicolas Davout
3995:Chapuis de Tourville
3537:Battle of Schliengen
3484:Battle of Theiningen
3405:Battle of Aldenhoven
3289:Battle of Wattignies
3258:Battle of Neerwinden
3072:Coup of 18 Fructidor
2585:Death of the Dauphin
2356:at Wikimedia Commons
2152:Blanning, Timothy,
1555:Jean Augustin Ernouf
1523:Freiburg im Breisgau
1386:Retreat from Ostrach
305:class=notpageimage|
5461:Mary Wollstonecraft
5239:Jean Sylvain Bailly
5026:Pierre Louis Prieur
4971:Jean-Henri Voulland
4946:Jacques-Louis David
4878:Jean Joseph Mounier
4579:Jean Sylvain Bailly
4217:Belgrand de Vaubois
4105:Jean-Antoine Marbot
4045:Emmanuel de Grouchy
3850:Treaty of Lunéville
3489:Battle of Neresheim
3434:Siege of Luxembourg
3413:Siege of Luxembourg
3368:Battle of Tourcoing
3299:Siege of Bellegarde
3126:Coup of 18 Brumaire
3038:Council of Ancients
2813:National Convention
2805:September Massacres
2781:Brunswick Manifesto
2773:France declares war
2540:Assembly of Vizille
2323:Young, John, D.D.,
1602:Battle of Liptingen
1572:'s well-positioned
1460:Anton Count Sztáray
87: /
5299:Loménie de Brienne
5274:Madame de Lamballe
5209:Napoléon Bonaparte
5006:Prieur de la Marne
4921:Camille Desmoulins
4775:Marie Jean HĂ©rault
4651:Jean-Sifrein Maury
4646:Arnaud de La Porte
4502:Alexander Korsakov
4288:Count of Clerfayt
4207:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
4120:Auguste de Marmont
3975:Napoléon Bonaparte
3866:Algeciras campaign
3858:Treaty of Florence
3736:Battle of Stockach
3569:Ireland expedition
3553:Battle of Calliano
3513:Battle of Rovereto
3505:Battle of WĂĽrzburg
2957:Law of 22 Prairial
2926:Anti-clerical laws
2901:The Death of Marat
2722:Flight to Varennes
2354:Battle of Stockach
2119:Gallagher, p. 124.
1912:Phipps, pp. 49–50.
1801:Rothenberg, p. 74.
1792:Phipps, pp. 49–50.
1669:Timothy Blanning,
1598:Battle of Stochach
1466:General engagement
1440:
1348:Dominique Vandamme
1260:Army of the Danube
1234:Army of the Danube
1206:Napoleon Bonaparte
1155:Dominique Vandamme
1127:Army of the Danube
1104:Battle of Stockach
793:Suvorov's campaign
186:Dominique Vandamme
5639:Conflicts in 1799
5624:
5623:
5620:
5619:
5498:Cockade of France
5469:
5468:
5431:Antoine Lavoisier
5421:Benjamin Franklin
5401:Anacharsis Cloots
5364:
5363:
5360:
5359:
5284:Louis de Breteuil
5126:Theophile Leclerc
4554:
4553:
4550:
4549:
4507:Alexander Suvorov
4248:
4247:
4182:JĂłzef Poniatowski
4100:Étienne Macdonald
3904:
3903:
3805:Battle of Marengo
3768:Battle of Trebbia
3752:Battle of Cassano
3744:Battle of Magnano
3728:Battle of Ostrach
3630:Battle of Neuwied
3392:Battle of Fleurus
3376:Battle of Tournay
3253:War in the Vendée
3189:Royalist Revolts
3150:
3149:
2707:
2683:Abolition of the
2601:Tennis Court Oath
2593:National Assembly
2422:French Revolution
2389:
2388:
2383:Battle of Magnano
2379:Succeeded by
2367:Battle of Ostrach
2352:Media related to
2316:Thiers, Adolphe.
2276:978-1-86227-383-2
2225:978-0-8061-3875-6
2215:Gallagher, John.
2185:978-0-7006-3025-7
2043:Gallagher, p. 79.
1839:978-0-8061-3875-6
1770:Blanning, p. 232.
1713:Blanning, p. 232.
1700:John Young, D.D.
1691:Blanning, p. 200.
1562:division of force
1323:Battle of Ostrach
1311:Alexander Suvorov
1228:Prelude to battle
1204:, the efforts of
1112:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
851:
850:
685:
684:
646:Italian and Swiss
639:Egyptian Campaign
316:
315:
179:Cavalry Reserve:
169:Second Division:
144:Habsburg monarchy
114:
113:
69:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
5681:
5578:
5566:Temple of Reason
5537:
5513:
5494:
5475:
5474:
5426:Thomas Jefferson
5370:
5369:
5289:de Chateaubriand
5219:Joseph Bonaparte
5214:Lucien Bonaparte
5204:Marie Antoinette
5159:
5158:
5146:Sylvain Maréchal
5101:François Hanriot
4936:Louis Philippe I
4863:Louis Philippe I
4858:Philippe Égalité
4800:Olympe de Gouges
4770:Charlotte Corday
4760:Étienne Clavière
4560:
4559:
4542:Antonio Ricardos
4527:
4526:
4512:Andrei Rosenberg
4492:
4491:
4462:
4461:
4437:
4436:
4407:Ralph Abercromby
4394:
4393:
4369:
4346:
4333:
4325:
4317:
4304:
4291:
4268:
4267:
4259:
4258:
4163:
4110:Marcellin Marbot
3933:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3914:Military leaders
3910:
3909:
3897:
3889:
3885:Treaty of Amiens
3870:
3862:
3854:
3833:
3825:
3817:
3809:
3788:
3787:(25–26 Sep 1799)
3780:
3772:
3771:(17–20 Jun 1799)
3764:
3756:
3755:(27–28 Apr 1799)
3748:
3740:
3732:
3731:(20–21 Mar 1799)
3724:
3716:
3712:Second Coalition
3695:
3687:
3679:
3671:
3663:
3642:
3634:
3626:
3622:Treaty of Leoben
3618:
3610:
3609:(14–15 Jan 1797)
3606:Battle of Rivoli
3602:
3594:
3590:Italian campaign
3573:
3565:
3564:(15–17 Nov 1796)
3561:Battle of Arcole
3557:
3549:
3541:
3533:
3525:
3517:
3509:
3501:
3497:Battle of Amberg
3493:
3480:
3472:
3468:Battle of Lonato
3464:
3460:Italian campaign
3438:
3417:
3409:
3396:
3388:
3380:
3372:
3364:
3355:
3334:
3333:(26–27 Dec 1793)
3321:
3313:
3275:
3267:
3263:Battle of Famars
3231:
3156:
3155:
3138:
3130:
3122:
3103:
3084:
3076:
3057:
3049:
3029:
3021:
3013:
2994:
2986:
2978:
2969:
2961:
2953:
2930:
2922:
2914:
2906:
2896:
2888:
2880:
2860:
2852:
2844:
2825:
2817:
2809:
2801:
2793:
2785:
2777:
2758:
2750:
2742:
2734:
2726:
2725:(20–21 Jun 1791)
2705:
2697:
2689:
2680:
2661:
2653:
2645:
2637:
2629:
2621:
2613:
2605:
2597:
2589:
2581:
2573:
2565:
2544:
2536:
2532:Day of the Tiles
2515:
2514:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2392:
2391:
2363:Preceded by
2360:
2359:
2351:
2313:
2283:Seaton, Albert.
2280:
2238:
2205:
2189:Deans, William.
2133:
2126:
2120:
2117:
2111:
2108:
2102:
2095:
2089:
2088:Jourdan, p. 200.
2086:
2080:
2079:Jourdan, p. 204.
2077:
2071:
2068:
2062:
2061:Jourdan, p. 204.
2059:
2053:
2050:
2044:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2026:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1972:
1966:
1965:Jourdan, p. 177.
1963:
1957:
1949:
1945:
1939:
1932:
1926:
1919:
1913:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1895:
1894:Jourdan, p. 173.
1892:
1886:
1883:
1877:
1870:
1864:
1861:
1855:
1848:
1842:
1826:
1820:
1817:
1811:
1810:Jourdan, p. 164.
1808:
1802:
1799:
1793:
1790:
1784:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1762:
1752:
1737:
1731:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1705:
1698:
1692:
1689:
1683:
1680:
1674:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1634:
1628:
1617:
1605:
1604:(or Leibtengen).
1590:
1574:Army of Helvetia
1482:Prince of Anhalt
1264:French Directory
1139:Archduke Charles
1116:Second Coalition
1093:
1087:
1080:
1075:
1068:
1063:
1056:
1051:
1044:
1039:
1032:
1027:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1003:
998:
991:
986:
979:
974:
967:
962:
955:
950:
943:
938:
931:
926:
919:
914:
907:
902:
895:
890:
883:
882:
876:
869:
728:
722:
712:
705:
698:
689:
688:
676:Marengo Campaign
660:Italian Campaign
459:Vlieter incident
354:
352:
342:
335:
328:
319:
318:
298:
297:
291:
231:
215:
191:Archduke Charles
184:Detached Flank:
174:Third Division:
164:First Division:
142:
141:
132:French Directory
130:
129:
110:Austrian victory
102:
101:
99:
98:
97:
92:
91:47.850°N 9.000°E
88:
85:
84:
83:
80:
49:
48:
41:
21:
20:
5689:
5688:
5684:
5683:
5682:
5680:
5679:
5678:
5629:
5628:
5625:
5616:
5491:La Marseillaise
5480:
5479:Cultural impact
5465:
5375:
5356:
5323:
5279:Madame du Barry
5269:Catherine Théot
5259:Thérésa Tallien
5150:
5141:Gracchus Babeuf
5086:François Chabot
5043:
5035:
4956:Georges Couthon
4951:Marquis de Sade
4916:Jean-Paul Marat
4892:
4848:Bertrand Barère
4814:
4725:
4706:Boissy d'Anglas
4701:Madame de Staël
4666:Antoine Barnave
4634:
4627:
4618:
4565:
4546:
4521:
4516:
4486:
4481:
4456:
4451:
4431:
4426:
4388:
4383:
4367:
4344:
4331:
4323:
4315:
4302:
4289:
4278:JĂłzsef Alvinczi
4262:
4244:
4226:
4167:Nicolas Oudinot
4157:
4090:Claude Lecourbe
4085:Charles Leclerc
3980:Guillaume Brune
3950:Pierre Augereau
3920:
3915:
3900:
3895:
3893:Treaty of Paris
3887:
3873:
3868:
3860:
3852:
3836:
3831:
3823:
3815:
3807:
3791:
3786:
3778:
3770:
3762:
3754:
3746:
3738:
3730:
3722:
3714:
3698:
3693:
3685:
3677:
3669:
3661:
3645:
3640:
3632:
3624:
3616:
3608:
3600:
3592:
3576:
3571:
3563:
3555:
3547:
3539:
3531:
3523:
3515:
3507:
3499:
3491:
3478:
3470:
3462:
3446:
3436:
3420:
3415:
3407:
3394:
3386:
3378:
3370:
3362:
3353:
3337:
3332:
3319:
3311:
3309:Siege of Toulon
3273:
3265:
3248:First Coalition
3234:
3225:
3161:
3146:
3136:
3128:
3120:
3106:
3101:
3087:
3082:
3074:
3060:
3055:
3047:
3027:
3019:
3011:
2997:
2992:
2984:
2976:
2967:
2959:
2951:
2933:
2928:
2920:
2912:
2910:Law of Suspects
2904:
2894:
2886:
2878:
2858:
2856:Reign of Terror
2850:
2842:
2828:
2823:
2815:
2807:
2799:
2791:
2783:
2775:
2761:
2756:
2748:
2740:
2732:
2724:
2710:
2695:
2687:
2678:
2664:
2659:
2651:
2643:
2636:(4–11 Aug 1789)
2635:
2627:
2619:
2611:
2603:
2595:
2587:
2579:
2571:
2569:RĂ©veillon riots
2563:
2547:
2542:
2534:
2520:
2509:
2424:
2419:
2380:
2375:
2364:
2334:
2310:
2300:Stackpole Books
2277:
2236:
2203:
2177:Wayback Machine
2142:
2137:
2136:
2127:
2123:
2118:
2114:
2109:
2105:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2009:
2008:
2004:
1973:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1933:
1929:
1921:William Deans,
1920:
1916:
1911:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1858:
1849:
1845:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1779:Albert Seaton,
1778:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1738:
1734:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1699:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1668:
1664:
1657:
1649:. p. 148.
1647:Stackpole Books
1635:
1631:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1608:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1547:
1511:
1506:
1468:
1420:
1414:
1405:
1388:
1325:
1319:
1236:
1230:
1214:Peace of Leoben
1178:First Coalition
1174:
1168:
1129:, commanded by
1100:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1088:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1004:
1001:
999:
992:
989:
987:
980:
977:
975:
968:
965:
963:
956:
953:
951:
944:
941:
939:
932:
929:
927:
920:
917:
915:
908:
905:
903:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
884:
880:
877:
870:
862:
860:
852:
847:
739:French invasion
729:
720:
718:
716:
686:
681:
627:
355:
350:
348:
346:
312:
311:
310:
309:
307:
301:
300:
299:
277:
272:
260:
258:
257:3,565 artillery
256:
254:
253:53,870 infantry
249:
247:
246:1,649 artillery
245:
243:
242:26,164 infantry
227:
221:
217:
211:
205:
201:
197:
193:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
159:Advance Guard:
158:
136:
124:
95:
93:
89:
86:
81:
78:
76:
74:
73:
72:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5687:
5677:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5622:
5621:
5618:
5617:
5615:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5570:
5569:
5568:
5561:Cult of Reason
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5505:
5503:Flag of France
5500:
5495:
5485:
5482:
5481:
5471:
5470:
5467:
5466:
5464:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5380:
5377:
5376:
5366:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5358:
5357:
5355:
5354:
5349:
5348:
5347:
5342:
5331:
5329:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5309:Jacques Necker
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5165:
5163:
5156:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5131:Claire Lacombe
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5056:Jacques HĂ©bert
5052:
5050:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4911:Georges Danton
4908:
4902:
4900:
4894:
4893:
4891:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4824:
4822:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4755:Henri Grégoire
4751:
4746:
4741:
4735:
4733:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4696:Camille Jordan
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4637:
4635:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4575:
4573:
4567:
4566:
4556:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4544:
4539:
4533:
4531:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4498:
4496:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4468:
4466:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4443:
4441:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4400:
4398:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4340:
4335:
4327:
4319:
4311:
4306:
4298:
4293:
4285:
4280:
4274:
4272:
4256:
4250:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4242:
4236:
4234:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3941:
3939:
3930:
3917:
3916:
3906:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3890:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3871:
3863:
3855:
3846:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3834:
3826:
3818:
3810:
3801:
3799:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3781:
3776:Battle of Novi
3773:
3765:
3763:(4–7 Jun 1799)
3757:
3749:
3741:
3733:
3725:
3717:
3708:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3688:
3680:
3672:
3664:
3655:
3653:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3635:
3627:
3619:
3611:
3603:
3595:
3586:
3584:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3566:
3558:
3556:(6–7 Nov 1796)
3550:
3542:
3534:
3526:
3518:
3510:
3502:
3494:
3486:
3481:
3473:
3471:(3–4 Aug 1796)
3465:
3456:
3454:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3442:Peace of Basel
3439:
3430:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3410:
3402:
3397:
3389:
3381:
3373:
3365:
3356:
3347:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3327:
3322:
3314:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3284:Siege of Mainz
3281:
3276:
3268:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3244:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3220:
3215:
3213:Siege of Mainz
3210:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3195:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3171:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3152:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3131:
3123:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3077:
3068:
3066:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3050:
3045:13 Vendémiaire
3042:
3041:
3040:
3035:
3022:
3014:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2995:
2987:
2979:
2970:
2962:
2954:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2923:
2915:
2907:
2897:
2892:Levée en masse
2889:
2881:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2853:
2845:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2818:
2810:
2802:
2797:10th of August
2794:
2786:
2778:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2751:
2743:
2735:
2727:
2718:
2716:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2698:
2690:
2681:
2679:(Feb–Jul 1790)
2672:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2654:
2646:
2638:
2630:
2622:
2614:
2606:
2598:
2590:
2582:
2574:
2566:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2537:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2521:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2444:
2437:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2418:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2395:
2387:
2386:
2377:
2370:
2358:
2357:
2345:
2340:
2333:
2332:External links
2330:
2329:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2308:
2288:
2281:
2275:
2251:
2244:
2234:
2227:
2213:
2201:
2194:
2187:
2164:
2150:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2121:
2112:
2103:
2090:
2081:
2072:
2063:
2054:
2045:
2036:
2027:
2025:Young, p. 230.
2018:
2002:
1967:
1958:
1940:
1927:
1914:
1905:
1896:
1887:
1878:
1865:
1856:
1843:
1821:
1819:Young, p. 228.
1812:
1803:
1794:
1785:
1772:
1763:
1732:
1715:
1706:
1693:
1684:
1675:
1662:
1655:
1629:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1546:
1545:Interpretation
1543:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1467:
1464:
1413:
1410:
1404:
1401:
1387:
1384:
1318:
1315:
1293:, guarded the
1229:
1226:
1186:Kaiserslautern
1170:Main article:
1167:
1164:
1118:, part of the
1096:
1089:
1082:
1077:
1070:
1065:
1058:
1053:
1046:
1041:
1034:
1029:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1005:
1000:
993:
988:
981:
976:
969:
964:
957:
952:
945:
940:
933:
928:
921:
916:
909:
904:
897:
892:
885:
878:
871:
864:
863:
855:
854:
853:
849:
848:
846:
845:
844:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
807:
806:
804:Devil's Bridge
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
748:
747:
734:
731:
730:
726:Swiss Campaign
715:
714:
707:
700:
692:
683:
682:
680:
679:
672:
669:Dutch Campaign
665:
664:
663:
656:
653:Swiss Campaign
642:
635:
626:
625:
620:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
360:
357:
356:
345:
344:
337:
330:
322:
314:
313:
303:
302:
293:
292:
286:
285:
284:
283:
280:
279:
274:
268:
267:
263:
262:
261:Total: 72,335
255:14,900 cavalry
251:
250:Total: 34,823
239:
238:
234:
233:
188:
152:
151:
147:
146:
134:
121:
120:
116:
115:
112:
111:
108:
104:
103:
67:, present-day
63:
61:
57:
56:
53:
45:
44:
34:
33:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5686:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5636:
5634:
5627:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5577:
5576:
5575:Sans-culottes
5571:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5546:Metric system
5544:
5542:
5539:
5536:
5535:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5512:
5511:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5493:
5492:
5487:
5486:
5483:
5476:
5472:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5386:
5382:
5381:
5378:
5371:
5367:
5353:
5350:
5346:
5345:Panthéon Club
5343:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5336:
5333:
5332:
5330:
5326:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5234:Joachim Murat
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5160:
5157:
5153:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5049:
5048:
5042:
5038:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5011:Gilbert Romme
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4899:
4895:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4833:de Cambacérès
4831:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4821:
4817:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4752:
4750:
4749:Madame Roland
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4732:
4728:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4686:André Chénier
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4641:Grace Elliott
4639:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4626:
4621:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4572:
4568:
4561:
4557:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4530:
4525:
4519:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4495:
4490:
4484:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4460:
4454:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4440:
4435:
4429:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4397:
4392:
4386:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4328:
4326:
4320:
4318:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4271:
4266:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4251:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4229:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4202:Joseph Souham
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4161:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4145:Joachim Murat
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4125:André Masséna
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3924:
3918:
3911:
3907:
3896:(25 Jun 1802)
3894:
3891:
3888:(25 Mar 1802)
3886:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3876:
3867:
3864:
3861:(18 Mar 1801)
3859:
3856:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3839:
3830:
3827:
3822:
3819:
3816:(15 Jun 1800)
3814:
3811:
3808:(14 Jun 1800)
3806:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3785:
3782:
3779:(15 Aug 1799)
3777:
3774:
3769:
3766:
3761:
3758:
3753:
3750:
3745:
3742:
3739:(25 Mar 1799)
3737:
3734:
3729:
3726:
3721:
3720:Siege of Acre
3718:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3701:
3692:
3691:Peasants' War
3689:
3684:
3681:
3676:
3673:
3668:
3665:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3641:(17 Oct 1797)
3639:
3636:
3633:(18 Apr 1797)
3631:
3628:
3625:(17 Apr 1797)
3623:
3620:
3617:(25 Jan 1797)
3615:
3612:
3607:
3604:
3601:(13 Jan 1797)
3599:
3596:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3570:
3567:
3562:
3559:
3554:
3551:
3546:
3543:
3540:(26 Oct 1796)
3538:
3535:
3532:(19 Oct 1796)
3530:
3527:
3522:
3519:
3514:
3511:
3506:
3503:
3500:(24 Aug 1796)
3498:
3495:
3492:(11 Aug 1796)
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3477:
3474:
3469:
3466:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3443:
3440:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3414:
3411:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3395:(26 Jun 1794)
3393:
3390:
3385:
3382:
3379:(22 May 1794)
3377:
3374:
3371:(18 May 1794)
3369:
3366:
3360:
3357:
3354:(24 Apr 1794)
3352:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3320:(13 Oct 1793)
3318:
3315:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3272:
3269:
3266:(23 May 1793)
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3229:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3157:
3153:
3143:
3140:
3137:(24 Dec 1799)
3135:
3132:
3127:
3124:
3121:(18 Jun 1799)
3119:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3109:
3102:(11 May 1798)
3100:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3081:
3078:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3054:
3051:
3046:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3023:
3020:(22 Aug 1795)
3018:
3015:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2993:(11 Nov 1794)
2991:
2988:
2983:
2980:
2977:(28 Jul 1794)
2974:
2971:
2968:(27 Jul 1794)
2966:
2963:
2960:(10 Jun 1794)
2958:
2955:
2950:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2927:
2924:
2921:(16 Oct 1793)
2919:
2916:
2913:(17 Sep 1793)
2911:
2908:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2895:(23 Aug 1793)
2893:
2890:
2887:(13 Jul 1793)
2885:
2882:
2877:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2849:
2846:
2843:(21 Jan 1793)
2841:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2824:(22 Sep 1792)
2822:
2819:
2814:
2811:
2806:
2803:
2800:(10 Aug 1792)
2798:
2795:
2790:
2787:
2784:(25 Jul 1792)
2782:
2779:
2776:(20 Apr 1792)
2774:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2755:
2752:
2747:
2744:
2741:(27 Aug 1791)
2739:
2736:
2733:(17 Jul 1791)
2731:
2728:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2706:(14 Jul 1790)
2704:
2703:
2699:
2696:(12 Jul 1790)
2694:
2691:
2688:(23 Jun 1790)
2686:
2682:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2658:
2655:
2650:
2647:
2644:(26 Aug 1789)
2642:
2639:
2634:
2631:
2626:
2623:
2620:(14 Jul 1789)
2618:
2615:
2610:
2607:
2604:(20 Jun 1789)
2602:
2599:
2594:
2591:
2588:(4 June 1789)
2586:
2583:
2578:
2575:
2572:(28 Apr 1789)
2570:
2567:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2543:(21 Jul 1788)
2541:
2538:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2516:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2448:Ancien RĂ©gime
2445:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2416:
2411:
2409:
2404:
2402:
2397:
2396:
2393:
2385:
2384:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2355:
2350:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2309:1-85367-276-9
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2249:
2245:
2242:
2235:
2232:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2163:
2162:0-340-56911-5
2159:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2131:
2125:
2116:
2107:
2100:
2094:
2085:
2076:
2067:
2058:
2049:
2040:
2031:
2022:
2015:
2006:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1962:
1955:
1954:
1944:
1937:
1931:
1924:
1918:
1909:
1900:
1891:
1882:
1875:
1869:
1860:
1853:
1847:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1825:
1816:
1807:
1798:
1789:
1782:
1776:
1767:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1736:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1710:
1703:
1697:
1688:
1679:
1672:
1666:
1658:
1656:1-85367-276-9
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1633:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1612:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1589:
1585:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1570:André Masséna
1567:
1563:
1558:
1556:
1551:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1501:
1499:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1436:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1419:
1409:
1400:
1398:
1393:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1372:Ostrach river
1367:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1356:Joseph Souham
1353:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1289:commanded by
1286:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1235:
1225:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1176:Although the
1173:
1163:
1161:
1156:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1135:Habsburg Army
1132:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1092:
1086:
1074:
1062:
1050:
1038:
1026:
1009:
997:
985:
973:
961:
949:
937:
925:
913:
901:
875:
868:
858:
842:
841:2nd Schwanden
839:
837:
836:1st Schwanden
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
805:
802:
801:
800:
797:
796:
795:
794:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
746:
743:
742:
741:
740:
736:
735:
732:
727:
723:
713:
708:
706:
701:
699:
694:
693:
690:
678:
677:
673:
671:
670:
666:
662:
661:
657:
655:
654:
650:
649:
648:
647:
643:
641:
640:
636:
634:
633:
629:
628:
624:
623:Porto Ferrajo
621:
618:
614:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
479:Gotthard Pass
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
361:
358:
353:
343:
338:
336:
331:
329:
324:
323:
320:
306:
290:
281:
275:
270:
269:
264:
252:
244:7,010 cavalry
241:
240:
235:
232:
230:
224:
220:
216:
214:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
189:
187:
182:
177:
172:
171:Joseph Souham
167:
162:
157:
154:
153:
148:
145:
140:
135:
133:
128:
123:
122:
117:
109:
106:
105:
100:
96:47.850; 9.000
70:
66:
62:
59:
58:
55:25 March 1799
54:
51:
50:
46:
40:
35:
32:
27:
22:
19:
5626:
5582:Phrygian cap
5527:Bastille Day
5441:Thomas Paine
5396:Edmund Burke
5391:Beaumarchais
5385:Les Lumières
5383:
5224:Joseph Fesch
5136:Pauline LĂ©on
5106:Jacques Roux
5045:
4629:
4055:Lazare Hoche
4040:Paul Grenier
4010:Louis Desaix
3869:(8 Jul 1801)
3853:(9 Feb 1801)
3824:(3 Dec 1800)
3747:(5 Apr 1799)
3735:
3548:(6 Nov 1796)
3524:(8 Sep 1796)
3516:(4 Sep 1796)
3508:(3 Sep 1796)
3479:(5 Aug 1796)
3408:(2 Oct 1794)
3387:(1 Jun 1794)
3129:(9 Nov 1799)
3075:(4 Sep 1797)
3012:(1 Apr 1795)
2982:White Terror
2975:guillotined
2952:(5 Apr 1794)
2899:
2879:(2 Jun 1793)
2749:(3 Sep 1791)
2700:
2660:(2 Nov 1789)
2652:(5 Oct 1789)
2580:(5 May 1789)
2558:
2535:(7 Jun 1788)
2502:
2495:
2488:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2453:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2381:
2372:
2365:
2324:
2317:
2295:
2292:Smith, Digby
2284:
2258:
2247:
2240:
2230:
2216:
2208:
2197:
2190:
2168:
2153:
2146:
2129:
2124:
2115:
2106:
2098:
2093:
2084:
2075:
2066:
2057:
2048:
2039:
2030:
2021:
2013:
2005:
1997:
1993:
1990:Sebottendorf
1989:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1961:
1952:
1943:
1935:
1930:
1922:
1917:
1908:
1899:
1890:
1881:
1873:
1868:
1859:
1851:
1846:
1830:
1824:
1815:
1806:
1797:
1788:
1780:
1775:
1766:
1758:
1757:. Volume 5:
1754:
1744:
1735:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1709:
1701:
1696:
1687:
1678:
1670:
1665:
1642:
1639:Smith, Digby
1632:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1601:
1597:
1588:
1559:
1552:
1548:
1527:Freudenstadt
1516:
1512:
1494:
1490:aide-de-camp
1489:
1469:
1445:
1441:
1421:
1412:Dispositions
1406:
1392:Schaffhausen
1389:
1368:
1341:
1337:
1326:
1287:
1275:Freudenstadt
1268:
1237:
1222:
1208:in northern
1175:
1151:
1124:
1103:
1101:
799:St. Gotthard
791:
737:
674:
667:
658:
651:
644:
637:
630:
539:2nd Stockach
379:1st Stockach
378:
228:
212:
119:Belligerents
18:
5451:Abbé Sieyès
5436:Montesquieu
5352:Social Club
5294:Jean Chouan
5184:Louis XVIII
4961:Roger Ducos
4931:Paul Barras
4898:Montagnards
4828:Abbé Sieyès
4631:monarchiens
4439:Netherlands
4368:(Hungarian)
4316:(Hungarian)
4232:French Navy
4158: [
4080:Jean Lannes
3937:French Army
3715:(1798–1802)
3686:(1798–1800)
3670:(1798–1801)
3400:Chouannerie
3361:(Pyrenees)
3226: [
3193:Chouannerie
2985:(Fall 1794)
2973:Robespierre
2237:(in German)
2204:(in German)
2014:FĂĽrstenberg
2010:(in German)
1948:(in German)
1456:FĂĽrstenberg
1160:Rhine River
1147:Pfullendorf
816:Linth River
594:Hohenlinden
574:3rd Marengo
564:Iller River
489:Linth River
454:Callantsoog
434:2nd Marengo
404:1st Marengo
278:2 guns lost
94: /
5633:Categories
5340:Cordeliers
5254:Talleyrand
5179:Louis XVII
5041:HĂ©bertists
4795:Jean Debry
4625:Feuillants
4254:Opposition
4150:Michel Ney
3572:(Dec 1796)
3180:Thionville
3083:(Dec 1797)
3056:(May 1796)
3048:5 Oct 1795
3025:Directoire
2905:(painting)
2808:(Sep 1792)
2792:(Jun 1792)
2625:Great Fear
2564:(Jan 1789)
2455:Revolution
2267:Spellmount
2140:References
1841:pp. 76–77.
1509:Withdrawal
1425:Hohentwiel
1295:Vorarlberg
1283:Tuttlingen
1190:Neerwinden
1166:Background
1133:, and the
826:Muottental
811:2nd Zurich
772:1st Zurich
767:Winterthur
762:Frauenfeld
604:Copenhagen
569:Montebello
534:Hohentwiel
494:Muottental
484:2nd Zurich
464:Krabbendam
419:1st Zurich
414:Winterthur
409:Frauenfeld
399:Bassignana
273:1 gun lost
5174:Louis XVI
5169:Charles X
4820:The Plain
4731:Girondins
4671:Lafayette
4332:(Walloon)
4314:Pál Kray
4290:(Walloon)
3832:(1800–02)
3683:Quasi-War
3142:Consulate
3028:(1795–99)
2483:Consulate
2476:Directory
1980:Bojaowsky
1976:Tegethoff
1938:, p. 148.
1854:, p. 148.
1852:Data Book
1730:, p. 148.
1728:Data Book
1539:Offenburg
1531:Schiltach
1504:Aftermath
1478:case shot
1473:Mervelt's
1380:Feldkirch
1307:Tsar Paul
1271:Oberkirch
757:Feldkirch
609:Algeciras
579:Höchstädt
559:Chiusella
554:Fort Bard
544:Messkirch
504:Castricum
374:Feldkirch
71:, Germany
5534:Panthéon
5522:Muscadin
5517:Marianne
5456:Voltaire
5335:Jacobins
5328:Factions
4868:Mirabeau
4324:(French)
3218:Jemappes
3202:Dauphiné
2685:Nobility
2497:Journals
2490:Glossary
2469:Republic
2441:Timeline
2294:(1998).
2257:(2007).
2173:Archived
1983:Teschner
1936:Databook
1743:(2007),
1641:(1998).
1535:Hornberg
1519:Neustadt
1498:Wahlwies
1279:Rottweil
1246:between
1202:WĂĽrzburg
1145:and the
889:125miles
777:Oberwald
752:Engadine
745:Grauholz
549:Biberach
524:Wiesloch
519:3rd Novi
509:2nd Novi
469:Mannheim
259:114 guns
237:Strength
65:Stockach
60:Location
29:Part of
5416:Diderot
5162:Figures
5047:Enragés
4753:Father
4464:Prussia
4396:Britain
4345:(Saxon)
4303:(Swiss)
4270:Austria
2012:Ebert,
1934:Smith,
1850:Smith,
1143:Ostrach
861:Austria
821:Klöntal
589:Ampfing
584:Neuburg
499:Alkmaar
429:Trebbia
394:Cassano
389:Magnano
369:Ostrach
248:62 guns
229:†
213:†
79:47°51′N
5155:Others
4494:Russia
3928:France
3593:(1797)
3463:(1796)
3198:Vendée
3175:Verdun
3002:1795–6
2945:Danton
2504:Museum
2434:Causes
2306:
2273:
2223:
2183:
2160:
1992:, and
1837:
1653:
1566:Alsace
1452:Anhalt
1329:Swabia
1273:, and
1198:Amberg
1182:Verdun
1137:under
1014:Zurich
831:Glarus
787:Amsteg
782:Schwyz
599:Mincio
514:Genola
474:Bergen
449:Amsteg
439:Mantua
424:Modena
384:Verona
225:
209:
107:Result
5612:Films
4529:Spain
4162:]
3230:]
3223:Namur
3208:Lille
3185:Valmy
1986:Lippe
1580:Notes
1429:Engen
1303:Tyrol
1248:Basel
1244:Rhine
1210:Italy
1194:Mainz
1108:Hegau
887:200km
529:Genoa
364:Corfu
82:9°0′E
5044:and
4628:and
3878:1802
3842:1801
3797:1800
3704:1799
3651:1798
3582:1797
3452:1796
3426:1795
3343:1794
3240:1793
3167:1792
3111:1799
3092:1798
3065:1797
2947:and
2938:1794
2833:1793
2766:1792
2715:1791
2669:1790
2552:1789
2525:1788
2304:ISBN
2271:ISBN
2221:ISBN
2181:ISBN
2158:ISBN
1994:Juch
1835:ISBN
1651:ISBN
1529:and
1454:and
1281:and
1252:Kehl
1250:and
1200:and
1102:The
444:Novi
52:Date
4404:Sir
1978:,
617:2nd
613:1st
5635::
4160:fr
3228:fr
2302:.
2269:.
2265::
2261:.
1988:,
1747:,
1541:.
1525:,
1521:,
1285:.
1266:.
1196:,
1192:,
1188:,
1184:,
1162:.
1122:.
966:10
954:11
942:12
930:13
918:14
906:15
894:16
724:–
615:•
2414:e
2407:t
2400:v
2312:.
2279:.
2016:.
2000:.
1659:.
1079:1
1067:2
1055:3
1043:4
1031:5
1019:6
1002:7
990:8
978:9
859::
711:e
704:t
697:v
619:)
611:(
341:e
334:t
327:v
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