55:
262:
countries of Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab
Emirates, and Oman. It is unclear if it remains endemic in these countries, but a recent study suggested that the causative bacteria circulates outside of this range as venereal syphilis.
575:
560:
640:
230:
The diagnosis of bejel is based on the geographic history of the patient as well as laboratory testing of material from the lesions (dark-field microscopy). The responsible
163:. Pinta is limited to affecting the skin, whereas bejel and yaws are considered to be invasive because they can also cause disease in bone and other internal tissues.
1077:
633:
1347:
626:
2093:
661:
1070:
2062:
1649:
1157:
1167:
1063:
175:, often on the interior of the mouth, followed by the appearance of raised, eroding lesions on the limbs and trunk. Periostitis (
517:
1442:
115:
1381:
1560:
1122:
2010:
1355:
1542:
1968:
1706:
1565:
1468:
1376:
1363:
618:
1874:
1450:
1615:
1437:
1391:
1302:
1292:
208:
1719:
1639:
1585:
793:
817:
2103:
2027:
1555:
1396:
1180:
1034:
66:, and forehead with clustered nodules in left interciliary region of boy with endemic syphilis, Iran, 2010.
214:, transmission of bejel is not venereal in nature. However, recent epidemiological evidence suggests that
2047:
1668:
1580:
2108:
2067:
1869:
1595:
1371:
1025:
1006:
972:
1864:
1570:
1537:
1247:
1162:
1113:
979:
928:
590:
1995:
1795:
1532:
1507:
1427:
1018:
1575:
1527:
1517:
1512:
1401:
1086:
1011:
852:
653:
54:
2022:
2000:
1913:
1226:
986:
917:
17:
2057:
1726:
1715:
1342:
1332:
1132:
965:
958:
908:
788:
756:
494:"Bejel: Sometimes a Venereal Nonvenereal Treponematosis—and in Places You Might Not Expect"
8:
1939:
1934:
1844:
1770:
1760:
1734:
1730:
1605:
1411:
1322:
1094:
734:
649:
579:
196:
1990:
1901:
1312:
1297:
1287:
896:
722:
699:
466:
441:
382:
357:
330:
303:
139:
493:
418:
2098:
2015:
1695:
1406:
886:
601:
471:
422:
387:
335:
259:
219:
180:
110:
648:
584:
2052:
1973:
1787:
1755:
812:
806:
800:
778:
773:
762:
461:
453:
414:
377:
369:
325:
315:
79:
1946:
1834:
1658:
1590:
1497:
1317:
1196:
1043:
727:
679:
595:
320:
272:
251:
160:
156:
159:. Typically, endemic trepanematoses begin with localized lesions on the skin or
2072:
1951:
1854:
1684:
1550:
1492:
1477:
1337:
1268:
1039:
997:
832:
657:
606:
405:
Antal GM, Lukehart SA, Meheus AZ (January 2002). "The endemic treponematoses".
2087:
2032:
1849:
1745:
1701:
1386:
1185:
1143:
857:
670:
304:"Advances in the diagnosis of endemic treponematoses: yaws, bejel, and pinta"
569:
373:
2037:
1963:
1859:
1631:
1522:
1502:
1307:
1221:
949:
768:
426:
391:
339:
176:
475:
2042:
1750:
1644:
1610:
1600:
1432:
1242:
1212:
1055:
901:
876:
457:
231:
1930:
1925:
1253:
1203:
1176:
842:
135:
552:
1920:
1765:
1689:
1635:
1103:
923:
689:
255:
148:
2005:
1956:
1819:
1814:
1663:
1152:
1127:
933:
746:
705:
277:
211:
200:
63:
28:
362:
Transactions of the Royal
Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
130:, is a chronic skin and tissue disease caused by infection by the
1985:
1896:
1824:
1740:
1327:
234:
is readily identifiable on sight in a microscope as a treponema.
144:
246:
region spanning from
Mauritania and Senegal to Sudan, the other
1980:
564:
247:
172:
94:
1839:
243:
1908:
1829:
714:
282:
152:
88:
171:
Bejel usually begins in childhood as a small patch on the
91:
442:"Endemic non-venereal syphilis (bejel) in Saudi Arabia"
183:
of the nose and soft palate develop in later stages.
542:
250:
countries of Côte d'Ivoire, Benin, and
Somalia, the
85:
404:
147:infections caused by spiral-shaped bacteria called
82:
355:
2085:
301:
143:. Bejel is one of the "endemic treponematoses" (
498:Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic
356:Marks M, Solomon AW, Mabey DC (October 2014).
351:
349:
1071:
634:
48:nonvenereal syphilis, endemic syphilis, bejel
398:
346:
2063:Recurrent toxin-mediated perineal erythema
1349:Mycobacterium avium–intracellulare complex
1085:
1078:
1064:
641:
627:
491:
439:
433:
242:Bejel has been known to be endemic in the
53:
1158:Cutaneous group B streptococcal infection
840:
465:
381:
329:
319:
258:spanning from Syria to Pakistan, and the
191:Although the organism that causes bejel,
179:) of the leg bones is commonly seen, and
884:
446:The British Journal of Venereal Diseases
14:
2094:Bacterium-related cutaneous conditions
2086:
62:Disfiguring infiltration of the nose,
1382:Rapid growing mycobacterium infection
1059:
622:
166:
1561:Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis
1123:Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
487:
485:
2011:Chronic undermining burrowing ulcer
440:Pace JL, Csonka GW (October 1984).
302:Mitjà O, Šmajs D, Bassat Q (2013).
254:spanning from Namibia to Zimbabwe,
24:
25:
2120:
1969:Superficial pustular folliculitis
1566:Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis
538:
482:
1377:Primary inoculation tuberculosis
308:PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
78:
1875:Gram-negative toe web infection
1451:Group JK corynebacterium sepsis
492:Deresinski, Stan (2022-03-09).
237:
1616:Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection
1438:Cutaneous diphtheria infection
1392:Tuberculosis cutis orificialis
1303:Borderline tuberculoid leprosy
1293:Borderline lepromatous leprosy
510:
295:
151:), a group that also includes
13:
1:
1640:Primary gonococcal dermatitis
1586:Flinders Island spotted fever
419:10.1016/S1286-4579(01)01513-1
358:"Endemic treponemal diseases"
288:
2028:Blistering distal dactylitis
1556:Rocky Mountain spotted fever
1444:Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
1397:Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis
1181:Chronic recurrent erysipelas
1035:Streptobacillus moniliformis
518:"Status of bejel endemicity"
321:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002283
225:
216:Treponema pallidum endemicum
193:Treponema pallidum endemicum
40:Nonvenereal endemic syphilis
7:
2048:Blastomycosis-like pyoderma
1669:Chromobacteriosis infection
1581:Mediterranean spotted fever
794:Louse borne relapsing fever
266:
205:Treponema pallidum pallidum
10:
2125:
2068:Tick-borne lymphadenopathy
1870:Gram-negative folliculitis
818:Tick borne relapsing fever
26:
1887:
1807:
1786:
1677:
1624:
1485:
1476:
1467:
1420:
1372:Papulonecrotic tuberculid
1357:Mycobacterium haemophilum
1276:
1267:
1235:
1210:
1194:
1141:
1111:
1102:
1093:
1026:Fusobacterium polymorphum
1007:Fusobacterium necrophorum
996:
973:Capnocytophaga canimorsus
948:
875:
831:
744:
687:
678:
669:
546:
186:
109:
70:
61:
52:
44:
39:
1865:Lymphogranuloma venereum
1571:Flea-borne spotted fever
1544:Rickettsia aeschlimannii
1538:American tick bite fever
1248:Erysipeloid of Rosenbach
1163:Streptococcal intertrigo
980:Porphyromonas gingivalis
929:Lymphogranuloma venereum
27:Not to be confused with
1996:Trichomycosis axillaris
1533:African tick bite fever
1508:North Asian tick typhus
1428:Cutaneous actinomycosis
1019:Fusobacterium nucleatum
203:indistinguishable from
1708:Haemophilus influenzae
1652:Pasteurella hemolytica
1576:Japanese spotted fever
1528:Bacillary angiomatosis
1518:Flying squirrel typhus
1513:Queensland tick typhus
1402:Tuberculous cellulitis
1365:Mycobacterium kansasii
1087:Bacterial skin disease
853:Leptospira interrogans
407:Microbes and Infection
2023:Elephantiasis nostras
2001:Necrotizing fasciitis
1914:Hospital furunculosis
1596:Brill–Zinsser disease
1227:Dermatitis gangrenosa
987:Prevotella intermedia
918:Chlamydia trachomatis
374:10.1093/trstmh/tru128
2058:Chronic lymphangitis
1727:Hot tub folliculitis
1716:Pseudomonal pyoderma
1343:Miliary tuberculosis
1333:Lichen scrofulosorum
1133:Toxic shock syndrome
966:Tannerella forsythia
959:Bacteroides fragilis
909:Chlamydia pneumoniae
789:Borrelia recurrentis
757:Borrelia burgdorferi
458:10.1136/sti.60.5.293
2104:Infectious diseases
1947:Acute lymphadenitis
1940:Perianal cellulitis
1935:Pyogenic paronychia
1845:Chlamydia infection
1761:Granuloma inguinale
1735:Green nail syndrome
1731:Ecthyma gangrenosum
1606:Cat-scratch disease
1412:Tuberculoid leprosy
1323:Lepromatous leprosy
1170:Streptococcus iniae
1012:Lemierre's syndrome
735:Treponema denticola
1991:Pitted keratolysis
1902:Periapical abscess
1313:Erythema induratum
1298:Borderline leprosy
1288:Aquarium granuloma
897:Chlamydia psittaci
723:Treponema carateum
700:Treponema pallidum
650:Bacterial diseases
167:Signs and symptoms
140:Treponema pallidum
134:subspecies of the
116:Infectious disease
2109:Tropical diseases
2081:
2080:
2016:Fournier gangrene
1883:
1882:
1782:
1781:
1723:hot-foot syndrome
1696:Vibrio vulnificus
1463:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1407:Tuberculous gumma
1263:
1262:
1053:
1052:
944:
943:
871:
870:
867:
866:
827:
826:
616:
615:
260:Arabian Peninsula
220:venereal syphilis
121:
120:
34:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
2116:
2053:Bullous impetigo
1974:Sycosis vulgaris
1788:Campylobacterota
1737:
1483:
1482:
1474:
1473:
1274:
1273:
1109:
1108:
1100:
1099:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1057:
1056:
882:
881:
838:
837:
813:Borrelia parkeri
807:Borrelia duttoni
801:Borrelia hermsii
779:Neuroborreliosis
774:Erythema migrans
763:Borrelia afzelii
685:
684:
676:
675:
643:
636:
629:
620:
619:
544:
543:
532:
531:
529:
528:
514:
508:
507:
505:
504:
489:
480:
479:
469:
437:
431:
430:
402:
396:
395:
385:
353:
344:
343:
333:
323:
299:
161:mucous membranes
128:endemic syphilis
101:
100:
97:
96:
93:
90:
87:
84:
57:
37:
36:
21:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2077:
1889:
1879:
1803:
1778:
1714:
1673:
1659:Meningococcemia
1620:
1591:Verruga peruana
1498:Epidemic typhus
1455:
1416:
1318:Histoid leprosy
1279:
1259:
1231:
1206:
1197:Corynebacterium
1190:
1137:
1089:
1084:
1054:
1049:
1044:Haverhill fever
992:
940:
863:
823:
740:
680:Spirochaetaceae
665:
647:
617:
612:
611:
555:
541:
536:
535:
526:
524:
516:
515:
511:
502:
500:
490:
483:
438:
434:
403:
399:
354:
347:
300:
296:
291:
273:Pinta (disease)
269:
252:Kalahari Desert
240:
228:
218:may also cause
207:, which causes
197:morphologically
189:
169:
105:
81:
77:
35:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2122:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2073:Tropical ulcer
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1952:Pilonidal cyst
1949:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1923:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1893:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1855:Rat-bite fever
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1792:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1712:
1704:
1699:
1692:
1687:
1685:Pasteurellosis
1681:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1647:
1642:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1551:Rickettsialpox
1548:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1493:Endemic typhus
1489:
1487:
1480:
1478:Pseudomonadota
1471:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1361:
1353:
1345:
1340:
1338:Lupus vulgaris
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1284:
1282:
1278:Mycobacterium-
1271:
1269:Actinomycetota
1265:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1250:
1245:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1218:
1216:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1200:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1174:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1149:
1147:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1119:
1117:
1114:Staphylococcus
1106:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1083:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1060:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1047:
1040:Rat-bite fever
1030:
1029:
1022:
1015:
1002:
1000:
998:Fusobacteriota
994:
993:
991:
990:
983:
976:
969:
962:
954:
952:
946:
945:
942:
941:
939:
938:
937:
936:
931:
926:
913:
912:
905:
892:
890:
879:
873:
872:
869:
868:
865:
864:
862:
861:
848:
846:
835:
833:Leptospiraceae
829:
828:
825:
824:
822:
821:
797:
784:
783:
782:
781:
776:
771:
752:
750:
742:
741:
739:
738:
731:
719:
718:
717:
712:
695:
693:
682:
673:
667:
666:
658:proteobacteria
646:
645:
638:
631:
623:
614:
613:
610:
609:
598:
587:
572:
556:
551:
550:
548:
547:Classification
540:
539:External links
537:
534:
533:
509:
481:
432:
397:
345:
293:
292:
290:
287:
286:
285:
280:
275:
268:
265:
239:
236:
227:
224:
188:
185:
168:
165:
119:
118:
113:
107:
106:
104:
103:
74:
72:
68:
67:
59:
58:
50:
49:
46:
42:
41:
33:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2121:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2033:Botryomycosis
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1909:Boil/furuncle
1907:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1886:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1850:Leptospirosis
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1746:Salmonellosis
1744:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1703:
1702:Rhinoscleroma
1700:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1387:Scrofuloderma
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
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1186:Scarlet fever
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1144:Streptococcus
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858:Leptospirosis
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671:Spirochaetota
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654:gram negative
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368:(10): 601–7.
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314:(10): e2283.
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71:Pronunciation
69:
65:
60:
56:
51:
47:
43:
38:
30:
19:
2038:Malakoplakia
1964:Folliculitis
1888:Unspecified
1860:Lyme disease
1797:Helicobacter
1796:
1771:
1720:
1707:
1694:
1651:
1632:Gonococcemia
1543:
1523:Trench fever
1503:Scrub typhus
1443:
1364:
1356:
1348:
1308:Buruli ulcer
1277:
1252:
1222:Gas gangrene
1211:
1195:
1169:
1142:
1112:
1033:
1024:
1017:
1005:
985:
978:
971:
964:
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950:Bacteroidota
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811:
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787:
769:Lyme disease
761:
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721:
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525:. Retrieved
521:
512:
501:. Retrieved
497:
452:(5): 293–7.
449:
445:
435:
413:(1): 83–94.
410:
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365:
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311:
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238:Epidemiology
229:
215:
204:
192:
190:
177:inflammation
170:
138:
131:
127:
123:
122:
2043:Pyomyositis
1751:Shigellosis
1721:Pseudomonas
1645:Melioidosis
1611:Oroya fever
1601:Brucellosis
1433:Nocardiosis
1243:Listeriosis
1213:Clostridium
902:Psittacosis
877:Chlamydiota
522:www.who.int
232:spirochaete
45:Other names
2088:Categories
1931:Paronychia
1926:Cellulitis
1799:cellulitis
1710:cellulitis
1650:Cutaneous
1254:Mycoplasma
1204:Erythrasma
1177:Erysipelas
1168:Cutaneous
843:Leptospira
602:DiseasesDB
527:2024-06-10
503:2024-06-10
289:References
149:treponemes
136:spirochete
1921:Carbuncle
1774:infection
1772:Aeromonas
1766:Chancroid
1690:Tularemia
1654:infection
1636:Gonorrhea
1546:infection
1446:infection
1367:infection
1359:infection
1351:infection
1172:infection
1104:Bacillota
924:Chlamydia
887:Chlamydia
690:Treponema
256:West Asia
226:Diagnosis
132:endemicum
111:Specialty
2099:Syphilis
2006:Gangrene
1957:Pyoderma
1890:pathogen
1820:Syphilis
1815:Syphilid
1664:Glanders
1469:Gram -ve
1153:Impetigo
1128:Impetigo
1095:Gram +ve
934:Trachoma
747:Borrelia
706:Syphilis
427:11825779
392:25157125
340:24205410
278:Syphilis
267:See also
212:syphilis
209:venereal
64:glabella
29:syphilis
1986:Ecthyma
1897:Abscess
1825:Chancre
1741:Q fever
1328:Leprosy
1280:related
652:due to
596:D014211
476:6487985
467:1046341
383:4162659
331:3812090
248:African
145:endemic
1981:Pimple
1756:Plague
1421:Others
1236:Others
474:
464:
425:
390:
380:
338:
328:
187:Causes
181:gummas
173:mucosa
102:
1840:Bejel
1835:Pinta
1808:Other
1678:Gamma
1486:Alpha
728:Pinta
710:bejel
607:30090
244:Sahel
195:, is
157:pinta
126:, or
124:Bejel
18:Bejel
1830:Yaws
1625:Beta
715:Yaws
656:non-
591:MeSH
580:9-CM
472:PMID
423:PMID
388:PMID
336:PMID
283:Yaws
199:and
155:and
153:yaws
662:BV4
585:104
576:ICD
570:A65
561:ICD
462:PMC
454:doi
415:doi
378:PMC
370:doi
366:108
326:PMC
316:doi
2090::
1933:/
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95:əl
92:dʒ
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89:ɛ
86:b
83:ˈ
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31:.
20:)
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