922:
42:
850:
Tervueren varieties have a reputation for occasionally being snappy, making them less suitable as companion dogs for children; the
Laekenois, whilst considered very good with children, can occasionally be troublesome with other dogs. The Belgian Shepherd responds well to training and responds very well to firm and understanding training; they require training from an early age, particularly the Laekenois which can have a tendency to try to dominate a weaker-willed master. The breed is very active, particularly the Malinois which may reflect its continued breeding for security roles, and they all require exercise; the breed adapts well to living indoors, although the Malinois is least suited to these environments.
802:
the legs, they have an abundant mane on their neck and chest, particularly long hair on the rear of their thighs and a bushy tail that forms a plume. Short-haired dogs have particularly short hair on the faces, ears and lower portion of their legs, short over the rest of the body and slightly longer on the neck and tail. Rough-haired dogs have a coat that is rough, dry and approximately 6 cm (2.4 in) long over the body, they have shorter hair on the top of the muzzle and legs and, unlike the other coat types, they have long hair on the face and muzzle.
707:"Piccard D'Uccle" who belonged to a shepherd called Mr Beernaert. These two are considered the foundation stock of the variety. Their finest progeny were called "Duc de Groenendael" and "Barroness" who were mated widely to Belgian Shepherds of different appearances with the black progeny retained. Initially Rose had wanted to name the variety the "Rose", but it was deemed this could cause confusion given their black colour so they were instead named after his château, Groenendael. During the First World War, Groenendaels were used by the
2332:
678:, and for centuries was used by Belgian shepherds for this task. Unlike in other European countries where, throughout the nineteenth century, shepherd breeds were standardised and breeders made efforts to perpetuate their breeds, by the end of the century the Belgian Shepherd was becoming obsolete and was at danger of extinction. In 1891, the Club de Chien Berger Belge was formed with the purpose of saving the type and a team led by Professor Adolphe Reul of the
219:
308:
395:
482:
789:
the withers should have a head 25 cm (9.8 in) long and a muzzle approximately half that length. The body is muscular but not overly heavy; body length from shoulder to haunches is approximately the same as the height at the withers, proportionally slightly longer in bitches; the topline is straight and the belly neither low-slung nor overly high like that of a
793:. The chest is deep but not overly broad; the neck is muscular, widening at the shoulders with a slight arch at the nape; the tail is strong and of medium length, and curves upwards slightly at the level of the knee. The forelegs are straight and well-boned, the hind legs muscular and powerful; the legs are not overly heavy.
788:
states the ideal height is 62 cm (24 in) for dogs and 58 cm (23 in) for bitches. The breed has a long, slender head with triangular, erect ears that are rounded at the base, and a long, narrow but balanced muzzle. According to the breed standard a dog that stands 62 centimetres at
801:
The four varieties vary principally in their coat types and colours. The breed standard describes three coat varieties; long-haired, short-haired and rough-haired. Long-haired dogs have a long, smooth coat with short hair on their faces, ears and legs although there is long feathering on the rear of
746:
The
Tervuren variety is believed to have been created when a brewer, M. Corbeel, bred his fawn long-haired Belgian Shepherd pair "Tom" and "Poes", one of their progeny was a long-haired fawn bitch named "Miss" who was purchased by a M. Deanhieux. Miss was bred with Duc de Groenendael, the foundation
819:
The
Laekenois variety is rough-haired, its coat is fawn in colour with discreet black overlay and is harsh, dry and normally slightly tangled in appearance; it has a bristled, feathered muzzle and limited feathering on the legs and tail. According to the breed standard, black overlay means the tips
715:
The
Malinois variety was said to be the first variety to breed true to type and initially they became so well-known in Belgium that at one time the other varieties were collectively called "other-than-Malinois", it was the Malinois that the other varieties were gauged against. The variety takes its
893:
In recent times, the
Laekenois has been employed by the Belgian Army in a variety of roles (in addition to the longstanding use of the Malinois), and the Tervuren is frequently used by government organisations as a drug detection dog. The Malinois in particular has become increasingly popular with
774:
recognises the four varieties as separate breeds, leading to some difficulties for
American breeders who breed from imported European stock: European Groenendaels in particular can whelp Tervuren-coloured pups; in most of the world these can be registered as Tervurens, whereas in the United States
706:
The
Groenendael variety is believed to have been created in 1885 by Nicholas Rose, owner of the Château de Groenendael. Rose owned a long-haired, black Belgian Shepherd bitch called "Petite", liking her look so much he spent over a year searching for a suitable mate, eventually finding a dog named
682:
conducted a field survey of the type. As the
Belgian Shepherd had for centuries been bred for working ability with little consideration given to form, Professor Reul found the type to vary greatly in appearance. As a part of their work, Professor Reul's team assembled 117 specimens and began the
783:
The
Belgian Shepherd is a medium-sized athletic breed with a body built for endurance. Dogs typically stand between 56 and 66 cm (22 and 26 in), with bitches being on average 4 cm (2 in) shorter than dogs. They usually weigh between 20 and 30 kg (45 and 65 lb); the
849:
Belgian
Shepherds are known to be highly intelligent, alert and sensitive; they are typically highly trainable, vigilant and hard-working with a strong guarding instinct making them protective of property and family, and very well suited for service with security services. The Groenendael and
702:
once again threatened the viability of the breed and in late 1945, it was decided once again that matings between dogs of the different varieties was to be encouraged, and through careful breeding the Belgian Shepherd recovered in numbers. In 1956 the current breed standard was adopted and it
711:
to locate wounded soldiers and carry messages. Their bravery was recognised by U.S. soldiers during the war and examples were imported to the U.S. in the following years; to this day in the US the name Belgian Shepherd or Belgian Sheepdog is commonly used to refer to the Groenendael.
735:, who frequently watched them in the service of the shepherds who grazed the royal domains around the château; this patronage contributed to their popularity at the time. In addition to being used as herding dogs, rough-haired Belgian Shepherds were traditionally used as
654:. It has a long history of being used by Belgian police as well as military forces, serving for Belgian armed forces in both World Wars, as well as US Army since then. In the twenty-first century it is in use by a number of armed forces worldwide in a variety of roles.
840:
The Tervuren variety is long-haired like the Groenendael; its double coat is typically fawn in colour with black overlay and with black extremities, although grey with black is known. It has a ruff of long hair around the neck and feathering on the legs.
810:
The Groenendael variety is long-haired, it has a solid black double coat, the outer coat is straight and particularly long around the shoulders, neck and chest; they have short hair on the face, and well feathered legs and tail.
683:
process of standardising them into distinct varieties. Classifying them as a single breed, initially Professor Reul's team divided the breed into six different varieties based on coat type and colour; between 1892 when the first
921:
1485:
698:
resulted in a decline in breed numbers, so in 1920 it was decided matings between the varieties should be allowed in order to preserve the breed and avoid issues resulting from inbreeding. The
751:. The Tervuren variety is considered particularly robust and healthy and in Europe a number of breeders use them to reinforce the bloodlines of other varieties, particularly the Groenendael.
954:. A genetic polymorphism in the dopamine transporter gene has been linked to Rage syndrome, and dogs at risk of passing the genotype on to offspring can be identified through
1600:
754:
The Groenendael remains the most numerous variety, followed by the Tervuren. The number of Malinois is growing, while the Laekenois remains comparatively rare.
679:
1803:
1747:
1717:
1505:
1051:
Meadow, the first K9 to work full time at a high school or college in the state of New Jersey to prevent school shootings. K9 Meadow is named in honor of
934:
A UK study for a life expectancy of 12 years for the Malinois and 13.8 years for the Tervuren compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for
2094:
2041:
1528:
2203:
2177:
1886:
Lit, Lisa; Belanger, Janelle M; Boehm, Debby; Lybarger, Nathan; Haverbeke, Anouck; Diederich, Claire; Oberbauer, Anita M (30 May 2013).
2791:
1417:
767:
175:
1627:
1652:
McMillan, Kirsten M.; Bielby, Jon; Williams, Carys L.; Upjohn, Melissa M.; Casey, Rachel A.; Christley, Robert M. (1 February 2024).
687:
was drafted and 1956, as few as two varieties and as many as eight were recognised by either the Club de Chien Berger Belge or the
41:
2016:
694:
In 1905 it was decided that interbreeding between the different varieties should be forbidden, but the disruptions caused by the
2390:
2261:
832:
The Malinois variety is short-haired, it is fawn in colour with black overlay, with a charcoal-coloured face and extremities.
599:
The breed descends from a common type of shepherd dog found throughout Western Europe that includes such modern breeds as the
1554:
1468:
1378:
1350:
1239:
1196:
1132:
1035:
530:
443:
356:
269:
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1056:
858:
The Belgian Shepherd, particularly in the Groenendael, Laekenois and Tervuren varieties, is predominantly kept as a pet or
1950:"Differences in Behavior and Activity Associated with a Poly(A) Expansion in the Dopamine Transporter in Belgian Malinois"
1013:
2125:
747:
sire of the Groenendael variety, and the fawn progeny became the Tervuren variety who take their name from the region of
2430:
2230:
688:
264:
17:
1811:
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1755:
1725:
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899:
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of medium size. It is bred in four distinct varieties based on coat type and colour: the long-haired black
1048:
Malinois awarded the Dickin Medal after completing a mission whilst injured during the War in Afghanistan.
2640:
2017:"Classified name revealed of Special Ops hero dog wounded in Syria raid that killed ISIS leader Baghdadi"
1948:
Lit, Lisa; Belanger, Janelle M.; Boehm, Debby; Lybarger, Nathan; Oberbauer, Anita M. (23 December 2013).
2383:
2254:
895:
894:
customs, military, border guard and police forces; organisations that utilise the Malinois include the
732:
720:
region (called Malines in French), where it was the predominant coat type used by the local shepherds.
2525:
2765:
911:
2515:
2685:
2670:
2655:
2500:
2710:
2126:"'Victoria Cross for animals': Military dog Kuga posthumously awarded Dickin Medal for bravery"
939:
2801:
2535:
2415:
2376:
2247:
2208:
993:
903:
887:
703:
specified the four varieties known today; the Groenendael, Laekenois, Malinois and Tervuren.
651:
2680:
2665:
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2520:
2485:
2480:
2305:
2300:
1961:
1665:
1003:
975:
967:
915:
771:
728:
667:
600:
593:
1888:"Characterization of a dopamine transporter polymorphism and behavior in Belgian Malinois"
724:
8:
2796:
2786:
2690:
2455:
2435:
2425:
1409:
947:
180:
46:
Belgian Shepherd varieties: Groenendael (1), Tervuren (2), Malinois (3) and Laekenois (4)
1965:
1837:
1694:
1669:
1653:
2630:
2605:
2310:
1992:
1949:
1922:
1887:
1559:
971:
569:
1838:"Dopamine transporter single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Belgian Malinois dogs"
1836:
Lit, Lisa; Belanger, J. M.; Boehm, D.; Lybarger, N.; Oberbauer, A. M. (9 April 2013).
2735:
2725:
2705:
2620:
2585:
2555:
2470:
2420:
1997:
1979:
1927:
1909:
1865:
1857:
1699:
1681:
1464:
1374:
1346:
1235:
1192:
1128:
1063:
770:, recognise the Belgian Shepherd as a single breed with four distinct varieties. The
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2730:
2660:
2625:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2540:
1987:
1969:
1917:
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699:
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2067:
1974:
1027:
1007:
955:
943:
695:
675:
608:
2530:
2295:
723:
The Laekenois variety has always been the rarest; they take their name from the
2760:
2755:
2560:
2510:
2440:
1677:
1227:
1120:
1052:
1017:
938:. The Société Royale Saint-Hubert recommends all four varieties are tested for
925:
A U.S. Air Force Malinois atop an M2A3 Bradley Fighting Vehicle in Iraq in 2007
867:
785:
684:
671:
631:
620:
604:
2239:
2780:
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1983:
1913:
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985:
951:
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740:
635:
627:
1904:
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2495:
2410:
2368:
2357:
2001:
1931:
1869:
1703:
1045:
1031:
989:
981:
708:
546:
459:
372:
285:
196:
2715:
2399:
1338:
763:
663:
573:
1171:
Les chiens de berger belges: Groenendael, Tervueren, Malinois, Laekenois
626:
Its historical role was as a herding dog. It is also commonly kept as a
218:
2720:
2320:
2290:
2226:
World Federation Belgium Shepherds／Federation Mondiale du Berger Belges
2150:
1501:
1041:
1023:
907:
883:
863:
790:
647:
616:
2315:
1853:
307:
2635:
2465:
2445:
2042:"Dickin Medal for Diesel the police dog killed in Paris attacks raid"
1066:
after he escaped from prison and was on the run for nearly two weeks.
999:
879:
875:
736:
643:
639:
394:
1127:. North Pomfret, VT: Trafalgar Square Publishing. pp. 425–428.
2700:
2695:
2600:
1654:"Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death"
748:
717:
612:
2331:
2271:
2178:"Meet Meadow, the first K-9 dog on patrol at an N.J. high school"
935:
862:; all of the varieties may compete in obedience competitions and
821:
1529:"US Military working dogs should be American-born, Senator says"
1191:. Ramsbury, Wiltshire: The Crowood Press Ltd. pp. 112–113.
2615:
2490:
2234:
1486:"Behavioral differences among Belgian Shepherd Dogs varieties"
950:. The working lines of the Malinois have been associated with
2204:"The dog that helped capture Danelo Cavalcante is named Yoda"
2068:"Rhino poacher-hunting dog from South Africa gets hero medal"
1651:
820:
of the hair are black but not in patches or stripes such as
2645:
662:
The Belgian Shepherd descends from the same common type of
481:
866:. The dogs are versatile and are often trained for use as
766:
including the Société Royale Saint-Hubert, as well as the
2095:"The rise of the FDOTUS – first dog of the United States"
1292:. Neptune City, N.J.: TFH Publications. pp. 170–174.
1062:
Yoda, a U.S. Border Control Malinois that helped capture
743:, guarding valuable linens put out to bleach in the sun.
1947:
1885:
1835:
1373:. New York: Thomas Y. Cromwell Company. pp. 43–46.
2225:
1189:
Dogs of the shepherds: a review of the pastoral breeds
1125:
Dogs: the ultimate dictionary of over 1,000 dog breeds
615:
for centuries. At the end of the nineteenth century a
974:
Malinois that assisted in the capture and killing of
1034:
after capturing an insurgent whilst shot during the
596:
considers the four varieties to be separate breeds.
1664:(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 531.
611:, and was a common sight in the service of Belgian
1898:(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 45.
335:Fawn with traces of black overlay in coat and mask
1583:"Indian PM's security goes to the (Israeli) dogs"
2778:
2151:"Dog Mali awarded medal for Afghanistan bravery"
1960:(12). Public Library of Science (PLoS): e82948.
1055:who was murdered on 14 February 2018 during the
988:Malinois that was posthumously awarded the PDSA
509:Fawn or grey with black overlay and a black mask
2269:
1943:
1941:
1881:
1879:
1831:
1829:
1287:
666:as similar Western European breeds such as the
2101:. London: Spectator (1828) Ltd. Archived from
1628:"Anti-poaching dogs a game-changer for Kruger"
1234:. Bath: Parragon Books Ltd. pp. 272–273.
1173:(in French). Paris: De Vecchi. pp. 11–19.
775:they would be disqualified from registration.
2384:
2255:
1459:Jones, Arthur F.; Hamilton, Ferelith (1971).
1458:
1345:. New York: DK Publishing. pp. 306–307.
1010:for assisting in the capture of 115 poachers.
757:
2398:
1938:
1876:
1826:
1555:"White House May Check Tourists Blocks Away"
1718:"Breed Sheet: Belgian Shepherd Groenendael"
1463:. New York: Galahad Books. pp. 53–57.
1371:The encyclopedia of dogs: the canine breeds
914:, and the anti-poaching canine unit at the
2391:
2377:
2262:
2248:
1410:"FCI-Standard N° 15: Belgian Shepherd Dog"
1364:
1362:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1164:
480:
393:
306:
217:
157:12 years (Malinois), 13.8 years (Tervuren)
40:
1991:
1973:
1921:
1903:
1748:"Breed Sheet: Belgian Shepherd Laekenois"
1693:
1553:Schmidt, Michael S. (21 September 2014).
1288:Wilcox, Bonnie; Walkowicz, Chris (1995).
1283:
1281:
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1101:
1099:
2175:
1804:"Breed Sheet: Belgian Shepherd Tervuren"
1778:"Breed Sheet: Belgian Shepherd Malinois"
1483:
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422:Fawn with black overlay and a black mask
2014:
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1205:
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1168:
1006:anti-poaching dog Malinois awarded the
14:
2779:
1625:
1526:
1177:
1141:
1119:
2671:Old German Herding Dogs (Altdeutsche)
2372:
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2201:
2123:
2092:
1580:
1418:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
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1394:
1392:
1390:
1337:
1248:
1076:
768:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
619:was formed and attempts were made to
176:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
2676:Pastore della Lessinia e del Lagorai
1527:Pawlyk, Oriana (18 September 2020).
1433:
1296:
1057:Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School
946:and that the Malinois be tested for
2093:Byrne, Arabella (2 November 2020).
961:
731:. The Laekenois was a favourite of
24:
2202:Bunch, Jesse (13 September 2023).
2015:Laporta, James (28 October 2019).
1387:
25:
2813:
2792:Dog breeds originating in Belgium
2431:Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog
2219:
2124:Hayne, Jordan (27 October 2018).
2330:
2176:Franklin, Chris (9 March 2019).
1290:Atlas of dog breeds of the world
2195:
2169:
2143:
2117:
2086:
2060:
2034:
2008:
1796:
1770:
1740:
1710:
1645:
1619:
1593:
1581:Winer, Stuart (6 August 2017).
1574:
1546:
1520:
132:≈ 20–25 kg (45–55 lb)
120:≈ 25–30 kg (55–65 lb)
1461:The world encyclopedia of dogs
844:
805:
13:
1:
1626:Martin, Guy (28 March 2017).
1070:
778:
762:Most of the world's national
107:56–62 cm (22–24 in)
95:60–66 cm (24–26 in)
1975:10.1371/journal.pone.0082948
992:after she was killed in the
900:United States Secret Service
814:
796:
7:
2641:Miniature American Shepherd
1808:Société Royale Saint-Hubert
1782:Société Royale Saint-Hubert
1752:Société Royale Saint-Hubert
1722:Société Royale Saint-Hubert
1343:The encyclopedia of the dog
835:
827:
739:in the regions surrounding
689:Société Royale Saint-Hubert
588:, and the long-haired fawn
527:Société Royale Saint-Hubert
440:Société Royale Saint-Hubert
353:Société Royale Saint-Hubert
265:Société Royale Saint-Hubert
10:
2818:
1678:10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w
1605:Royal Australian Air Force
1369:Fiorone, Fiorenzo (1973).
1169:Fiorone, Fiorenzo (1979).
896:United States Armed Forces
758:Kennel club classification
680:Cureghem Veterinary School
657:
2526:Carea Castellano Manchego
2406:
2340:
2327:
2278:
929:
540:
529:
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517:
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137:
125:
112:
100:
87:
82:
78:
70:
51:
39:
34:
2766:White Swiss Shepherd Dog
2400:Herding and droving dogs
1484:Vassallo, Laura (2016).
1232:The encyclopedia of dogs
912:Australian Defence Force
584:; the short-haired fawn
580:; the rough-haired fawn
2686:Polish Lowland Sheepdog
2656:New Zealand Heading Dog
2501:Cane Lupino del Gigante
1905:10.1186/1471-2156-14-45
1601:"Military working dogs"
1187:Hancock, David (2014).
2711:Sardinian Shepherd Dog
1810:. 2020. Archived from
1754:. 2020. Archived from
1724:. 2020. Archived from
926:
888:search and rescue dogs
853:
2536:Catahoula Leopard Dog
2516:Cão da Serra de Aires
2416:Australian Cattle Dog
2209:Philadelphia Inquirer
1848:(5). Wiley: 604–605.
1030:Malinois awarded the
994:2015 Saint-Denis raid
924:
904:Israel Defense Forces
733:Queen Marie Henriette
727:, a residence of the
652:search and rescue dog
566:Chien de Berger Belge
522:Kennel club standards
435:Kennel club standards
348:Kennel club standards
259:Kennel club standards
170:Kennel club standards
60:Chien de Berger Belge
2681:Pembroke Welsh Corgi
2666:Old English Sheepdog
2651:Nenets Herding Laika
2521:Cardigan Welsh Corgi
2486:Bouvier des Flandres
2481:Bouvier des Ardennes
2306:Bouvier des Flandres
2301:Bouvier des Ardennes
2270:Dogs originating in
1004:Kruger National Park
976:Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
916:Kruger National Park
772:American Kennel Club
729:Belgian royal family
668:Bouvier des Ardennes
601:Bouvier des Ardennes
594:American Kennel Club
560:, also known as the
2691:Portuguese Sheepdog
2456:Bergamasco Shepherd
2436:Basque Shepherd Dog
2426:Australian Shepherd
2105:on 27 November 2020
1966:2013PLoSO...882948L
1670:2024NatSR..14..531M
2631:Magellan sheep dog
2606:Icelandic Sheepdog
2157:. 17 November 2017
2048:. 28 December 2015
1814:on 10 October 2020
1758:on 14 October 2020
1658:Scientific Reports
1560:The New York Times
1502:10.4454/db.v2i2.31
1036:War in Afghanistan
972:United States Army
927:
2774:
2773:
2736:Spanish Water Dog
2726:Shetland Sheepdog
2706:Pyrenean Sheepdog
2621:Lancashire Heeler
2586:Garafian Shepherd
2581:Galician Palleiro
2556:Croatian Sheepdog
2471:Bohemian Shepherd
2421:Australian Kelpie
2366:
2365:
1854:10.1111/age.12040
1728:on 8 October 2020
1607:. 3 November 2017
1508:on 9 October 2020
1470:978-0-88365-302-9
1380:978-0-690-00056-6
1352:978-0-7566-6004-8
1241:978-1-4454-0853-8
1198:978-1-84797-808-0
1134:978-1-57076-219-2
1064:Danilo Cavalcante
725:Château de Laeken
554:
553:
536:
535:
513:
512:
467:
466:
449:
448:
426:
425:
380:
379:
362:
361:
339:
338:
293:
292:
275:
274:
250:
249:
204:
203:
186:
185:
161:
160:
149:Varies by variety
141:Varies by variety
16:(Redirected from
2809:
2746:Swedish Vallhund
2741:Swedish Lapphund
2661:Norwegian Buhund
2626:Lapponian Herder
2576:Finnish Lapphund
2571:Faroese Sheepdog
2566:English Shepherd
2541:Catalan Sheepdog
2451:Belgian Shepherd
2393:
2386:
2379:
2370:
2369:
2335:
2334:
2311:Brussels Griffon
2286:Belgian Shepherd
2264:
2257:
2250:
2241:
2240:
2231:Belgian Shepherd
2214:
2213:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2074:. 8 January 2016
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2012:
2006:
2005:
1995:
1977:
1945:
1936:
1935:
1925:
1907:
1883:
1874:
1873:
1833:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1697:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1504:. Archived from
1481:
1475:
1474:
1456:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1414:
1406:
1385:
1384:
1366:
1357:
1356:
1335:
1294:
1293:
1285:
1246:
1245:
1224:
1203:
1202:
1184:
1175:
1174:
1166:
1139:
1138:
1117:
1020:'s pet Malinois.
962:Notable examples
700:Second World War
630:, or used as an
562:Belgian Sheepdog
558:Belgian Shepherd
549:
543:
519:
518:
490:
489:
484:
472:
471:
462:
456:
432:
431:
403:
402:
397:
385:
384:
375:
369:
345:
344:
316:
315:
310:
298:
297:
288:
282:
256:
255:
227:
226:
221:
209:
208:
199:
193:
167:
166:
80:
79:
63:Belgian Sheepdog
54:
44:
35:Belgian Shepherd
32:
31:
21:
18:Belgian Malinois
2817:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2751:Tibetan Terrier
2596:German Shepherd
2591:Gaucho sheepdog
2551:Collie (Smooth)
2402:
2397:
2367:
2362:
2348:Belgian Mastiff
2336:
2329:
2325:
2274:
2268:
2222:
2217:
2200:
2196:
2186:
2184:
2174:
2170:
2160:
2158:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2134:
2132:
2122:
2118:
2108:
2106:
2091:
2087:
2077:
2075:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2051:
2049:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2025:
2023:
2013:
2009:
1946:
1939:
1884:
1877:
1842:Animal Genetics
1834:
1827:
1817:
1815:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1787:
1785:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1761:
1759:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1731:
1729:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1650:
1646:
1636:
1634:
1624:
1620:
1610:
1608:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1587:Times of Israel
1579:
1575:
1565:
1563:
1551:
1547:
1537:
1535:
1525:
1521:
1511:
1509:
1482:
1478:
1471:
1457:
1434:
1424:
1422:
1421:. 13 March 2001
1412:
1408:
1407:
1388:
1381:
1367:
1360:
1353:
1336:
1297:
1286:
1249:
1242:
1228:Alderton, David
1225:
1206:
1199:
1185:
1178:
1167:
1142:
1135:
1121:Morris, Desmond
1118:
1077:
1073:
1028:Australian Army
1016:, US President
1008:PDSA Gold Medal
964:
956:genetic testing
944:elbow dysplasia
932:
868:assistance dogs
856:
847:
838:
830:
817:
808:
799:
781:
760:
696:First World War
676:German Shepherd
660:
609:German Shepherd
568:, is a Belgian
545:
541:
470:
458:
454:
383:
371:
367:
296:
284:
280:
207:
195:
191:
133:
121:
108:
96:
66:
52:
47:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2815:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2761:White Shepherd
2758:
2756:Welsh Sheepdog
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2561:Dutch Shepherd
2558:
2553:
2548:
2546:Collie (Rough)
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2511:Cane Toccatore
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2441:Bearded Collie
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2396:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2373:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2337:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2323:
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2313:
2308:
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2298:
2293:
2288:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2275:
2267:
2266:
2259:
2252:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2228:
2221:
2220:External links
2218:
2216:
2215:
2194:
2168:
2142:
2116:
2099:Spectator Life
2085:
2059:
2033:
2007:
1937:
1875:
1825:
1795:
1769:
1739:
1709:
1644:
1618:
1592:
1573:
1545:
1519:
1476:
1469:
1432:
1386:
1379:
1358:
1351:
1295:
1247:
1240:
1204:
1197:
1176:
1140:
1133:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1060:
1059:mass shooting.
1053:Meadow Pollack
1049:
1039:
1021:
1018:Herbert Hoover
1011:
997:
979:
963:
960:
931:
928:
872:detection dogs
855:
852:
846:
843:
837:
834:
829:
826:
816:
813:
807:
804:
798:
795:
786:breed standard
780:
777:
759:
756:
716:name from the
685:breed standard
672:Dutch Shepherd
659:
656:
632:assistance dog
605:Dutch Shepherd
552:
551:
538:
537:
534:
533:
528:
524:
523:
515:
514:
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154:Life span
151:
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55:
49:
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45:
37:
36:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2657:
2654:
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2649:
2647:
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2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2611:King Shepherd
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
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2574:
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2569:
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2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2506:Cane di Oropa
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2476:Border Collie
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2461:Berger Picard
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
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2353:Bullenbeisser
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2198:
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2127:
2120:
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2100:
2096:
2089:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2047:
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2022:
2018:
2011:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1981:
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1971:
1967:
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1022:
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1009:
1005:
1001:
998:
995:
991:
987:
986:French police
983:
980:
977:
973:
969:
966:
965:
959:
957:
953:
952:Rage syndrome
949:
945:
941:
937:
923:
919:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
891:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
860:companion dog
851:
842:
833:
825:
823:
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803:
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792:
787:
776:
773:
769:
765:
755:
752:
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734:
730:
726:
721:
719:
713:
710:
704:
701:
697:
692:
690:
686:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
636:detection dog
633:
629:
628:companion dog
624:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
597:
595:
591:
587:
583:
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86:
81:
77:
73:
69:
62:
59:
58:
56:
50:
43:
38:
33:
27:
19:
2802:Herding dogs
2531:Carea Leonés
2496:Can de Chira
2450:
2358:Talbot Hound
2296:Bichon Frisé
2285:
2207:
2197:
2187:17 September
2185:. Retrieved
2181:
2171:
2159:. Retrieved
2154:
2145:
2133:. Retrieved
2129:
2119:
2107:. Retrieved
2103:the original
2098:
2088:
2076:. Retrieved
2071:
2062:
2050:. Retrieved
2046:BBC Newsbeat
2045:
2036:
2024:. Retrieved
2020:
2010:
1957:
1953:
1895:
1892:BMC Genetics
1891:
1845:
1841:
1816:. Retrieved
1812:the original
1807:
1798:
1786:. Retrieved
1781:
1772:
1760:. Retrieved
1756:the original
1751:
1742:
1730:. Retrieved
1726:the original
1721:
1712:
1661:
1657:
1647:
1635:. Retrieved
1631:
1621:
1609:. Retrieved
1604:
1595:
1586:
1576:
1564:. Retrieved
1558:
1548:
1536:. Retrieved
1533:Military.com
1532:
1522:
1510:. Retrieved
1506:the original
1496:(2): 15–19.
1493:
1490:Dog Behavior
1489:
1479:
1460:
1423:. Retrieved
1416:
1370:
1342:
1339:Fogle, Bruce
1289:
1231:
1188:
1170:
1124:
1046:British Army
1032:Dickin Medal
990:Dickin Medal
933:
892:
857:
848:
839:
831:
818:
809:
800:
782:
764:kennel clubs
761:
753:
745:
722:
714:
709:Belgian Army
705:
693:
661:
625:
598:
589:
585:
581:
577:
565:
561:
557:
555:
547:domestic dog
460:domestic dog
414:Short-haired
373:domestic dog
327:Rough-haired
286:domestic dog
197:domestic dog
26:
2716:Schapendoes
2161:24 November
2135:24 November
2109:24 November
2078:24 November
2052:24 November
2026:24 November
1637:24 November
1611:24 November
1566:24 November
1538:24 November
936:crossbreeds
884:police dogs
845:Temperament
806:Groenendael
664:herding dog
623:the breed.
621:standardise
578:Groenendael
574:herding dog
501:Long-haired
246:Solid black
238:Long-haired
212:Groenendael
53:Other names
2797:FCI breeds
2787:Dog breeds
2781:Categories
2731:Smithfield
2721:Schipperke
2321:Schipperke
2291:Bloodhound
1632:defenceWeb
1071:References
908:Oketz Unit
880:guide dogs
876:guard dogs
864:Schutzhund
791:sighthound
779:Appearance
737:guard dogs
648:police dog
617:breed club
2636:McNab dog
2466:Blue Lacy
2446:Beauceron
1984:1932-6203
1914:1471-2156
1862:0268-9146
1818:6 October
1788:6 October
1762:6 October
1732:6 October
1686:2045-2322
1512:5 October
1425:5 October
1000:K9 Killer
815:Laekenois
797:Varieties
644:guide dog
640:guard dog
613:shepherds
582:Laekenois
469:Dog breed
382:Dog breed
301:Laekenois
295:Dog breed
206:Dog breed
29:Dog breed
2601:Huntaway
2155:BBC News
2130:ABC news
2072:BBS News
2021:Newsweek
2002:24376613
1954:PLOS ONE
1932:23718893
1870:23565797
1704:38302530
1695:10834484
1341:(2009).
1230:(2008).
1123:(2001).
1014:King Tut
948:epilepsy
836:Tervuren
828:Malinois
749:Tervuren
718:Mechelen
674:and the
590:Tervuren
586:Malinois
531:standard
475:Tervuren
444:standard
388:Malinois
357:standard
270:standard
181:standard
2341:Extinct
2316:Phalène
2272:Belgium
1993:3871558
1962:Bibcode
1923:3680094
1666:Bibcode
822:brindle
658:History
564:or the
128:Females
103:Females
74:Belgium
2616:Koolie
2491:Briard
2411:Armant
2279:Extant
2235:Curlie
2000:
1990:
1982:
1930:
1920:
1912:
1868:
1860:
1784:. 2020
1702:
1692:
1684:
1467:
1377:
1349:
1238:
1195:
1131:
982:Diesel
930:Health
910:, the
902:, the
898:, the
886:, and
670:, the
592:. The
506:Colour
493:Traits
419:Colour
406:Traits
332:Colour
319:Traits
243:Colour
230:Traits
146:Colour
113:Weight
88:Height
83:Traits
71:Origin
1413:(PDF)
968:Conan
570:breed
116:Males
91:Males
2701:Pumi
2696:Puli
2646:Mudi
2189:2023
2163:2020
2137:2020
2111:2020
2080:2020
2054:2020
2028:2020
1998:PMID
1980:ISSN
1928:PMID
1910:ISSN
1866:PMID
1858:ISSN
1820:2020
1790:2020
1764:2020
1734:2020
1700:PMID
1682:ISSN
1639:2020
1613:2020
1568:2020
1540:2020
1514:2020
1465:ISBN
1427:2020
1375:ISBN
1347:ISBN
1236:ISBN
1193:ISBN
1129:ISBN
1042:Mali
1024:Kuga
942:and
741:Boom
607:and
556:The
498:Coat
411:Coat
324:Coat
235:Coat
138:Coat
2233:at
1988:PMC
1970:doi
1918:PMC
1900:doi
1850:doi
1690:PMC
1674:doi
1498:doi
940:hip
890:.
854:Use
650:or
572:of
542:Dog
455:Dog
368:Dog
281:Dog
192:Dog
2783::
2206:.
2182:nj
2180:.
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