867:
763:, commanding the division on the Union right flank, requested permission from his corps commander to launch a "little reconnaissance" to his front, which was granted. Mower instead launched an attack with two brigades on the Confederate left flank, which was defending Mill Creek Bridge. Mower's men managed to come within one-mile (1.6 km) of the crossing before Sherman peremptorily ordered them to pull back. In his memoirs, Sherman admitted that this was a mistake and that he missed an opportunity to end the campaign then and there, perhaps capturing Johnston's army entirely. Among the Confederate casualties was Hardee's 16-year-old son, Willie. Hardee had reluctantly allowed his son to attach himself to the 8th Texas Cavalry just hours before Mower's attack. Another notable loss was the twenty-three year old Lieutenant Colonel of the 5th Calvary Battalion, which had been fighting dismounted since the fall of 1864. Sample was killed by an artillery fragmentation, having sustained his 9th and last wound during the war.
202:
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of
Tennessee, attacked the Union positions near the Harper house but were repulsed after multiple assaults. McLaws arrived after Taliaferro and Bate were repulsed. He attacked, but was repulsed as well. After a heated engagement, Union reinforcements arrived and checked Hill's assault. Fighting continued after nightfall as the Confederates tried without success to drive back the Union line. About midnight, the Confederates withdrew to their original positions and started entrenching.
1817:
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626:
820:
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it ran at a right angle to
Stewart's left flank, and deployed one of Hardee's divisions on Hoke's left. Confederate cavalry protected the Confederate flank to Mill Creek in a weak skirmish line. Only light skirmishing occurred on this day. Johnston remained on the field, claiming that he stayed to remove his wounded, but perhaps also in hope of enticing Sherman to attack again, as had happened at
289:
588:. Confederate maps erroneously showed that the two Union wings were twelve miles (19 km) apart, which meant each would take a day to reach the other. Johnston planned to concentrate his entire army to defeat Slocum's wing and to destroy its trains before it reunited with the rest of the Union column; the attack was planned for "as soon after dawn tomorrow as possible".
718:, which were further compromised by a gap in the center of the Union line. Lafayette McLaws' division from Hardee's command was approaching the Confederate positions at the time of the Union attacks. Due to Bragg's concern about a flanking attack on Hoke's left, McLaws was ordered to deploy on the Confederate left flank. About noon, Hardee arrived with the division of
788:
but continued his march to
Goldsboro, where he joined the Union forces under Terry and Schofield. After resting and refitting his combined forces, Sherman planned to continue onward to Petersburg, Virginia. However, following Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House, Johnston surrendered to Sherman at the Bennett Place, North Carolina on April 26.
521:. However, Sherman argued that it would take too long to transport his troops there, and that his army could destroy Confederate supply lines to Petersburg and defeat Confederate forces by marching through the Carolinas. During the late winter and early spring of 1865, Sherman's army cut a swath of destruction through
872:
Map illustrating the Battle of
Bentonsville, N.C., fought March 19th, 1865, between the United States Forces Commanded by Maj. Gen. H. W. Slocum and the Rebel Forces Commanded by Gen. Jos. E. Johnston, and the operations of March 20th & 21st under direction of Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman resulting in
787:
During the night of March 21 until the following dawn, Johnston withdrew his army across Mill Creek and burned the bridge behind him, leaving behind a cavalry detachment as a rearguard. The Union army failed to detect the
Confederate retreat until it was over. Sherman did not pursue the Confederates,
683:
The
Confederate attack commenced on March 19, as Slocum's men marched on the Goldsboro Road, one-mile (1.6 km) south of Bentonville. Hoke's division under Bragg's command deployed on the Confederate left facing west, while Stewart's army deployed on the Confederate right facing south. Slocum was
466:
and routed two divisions, but the rest of
Sherman's army defended its positions successfully. The next day, as Sherman sent reinforcements to the battlefield and expected Johnston to withdraw, only minor sporadic fighting occurred. On the third day, as skirmishing continued, the division of Maj. Gen.
846:
also own portions of the battlefield not included in the state park, including 1,924 acres (7.79 km) by the Trust alone. The Trust and its partners, including the historical association, have acquired and preserved more than 2,063 acres (8.35 km) of the battlefield in more than 55 separate
747:
the Union troops remaining along the front. Morgan's division was nearly surrounded and was being attacked from three sides, but the
Confederate attacks were uncoordinated and therefore unsuccessful in driving them from the position. Hardee, using Taliaferro's division and Bate's corps from the Army
751:
Slocum had called for aid from
Sherman during the afternoon attacks, and Howard's wing arrived on the field late on the afternoon of March 20, deploying on Slocum's right flank and extending the Union line towards Mill Creek. Johnston responded to Howard's arrival by pulling back Hoke's division so
771:
During the battle, the
Confederates suffered a total of nearly 2,600 casualties: 239 killed, 1,694 wounded and 673 missing. About half of the casualties were lost in the Army of Tennessee. The Union army lost 194 killed, 1,112 wounded, and 221 missing, for a total of 1,527 casualties. The wounded
727:
It looked like a picture and at our distance was truly beautiful ... But it was a painful sight to see how close their battle flags were together, regiments being scarcely larger than companies and a division not much larger than a regiment should be.
738:
At 3 pm, Confederate infantry from the Army of Tennessee launched an attack and drove the Union left flank back in confusion, nearly capturing Carlin in the process and overrunning the XIV Corps field hospital. Confederates under Maj. Gen.
471:
followed a path into the Confederate rear and attacked. The Confederates were able to repulse the attack as Sherman ordered Mower back to connect with his own corps. Johnston elected to withdraw from the battlefield that night.
560:
and other Confederate units in the Carolinas, Georgia, and Florida, and to "concentrate all available forces and drive back Sherman." Johnston managed to concentrate in North Carolina the Army of Tennessee commanded by
777:
I can do no more than annoy him. I respectfully suggest that it is no longer a question whether you leave present position; you have only to decide where to meet Sherman. I will be near him.
1857:
337:
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divisions in support, in order to delay the Confederates long enough to allow the rest of his wing to arrive. None of the divisions, except for Morgan's, constructed strong
1852:
826:, built in the 1850s, served as a Union field hospital during the battle and is located adjacent to the Bentonville Battlefield museum, which offers tours of its interior.
475:
As a result of the overwhelming Union strength and the heavy casualties his army suffered in the battle, Johnston surrendered to Sherman little more than a month later at
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as Confederate units attempted to concentrate their forces to defeat the enemy during the march. Sherman divided his command into two parts, a Left Wing (the
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convinced he faced only enemy cavalry and artillery, not an entire army. In addition, Sherman did not believe that Johnston would fight with the
302:
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to his rear. Therefore, Slocum initially notified Sherman that he was facing only cursory resistance near Bentonville and did not require aid.
323:
838:
in 1996. The park, founded in 1965, includes 130 acres (0.53 km) of the battlefield and runs a visitor's center adjacent to the restored
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484:
706:, but this attack was driven back. Slocum then deployed his divisions in a defensive line, with Carlin's division on the left, Brig. Gen.
281:
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were treated at the house of John Harper, with 360 unknown Confederates buried in a mass grave next to the Harper family cemetery.
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677:
662:
56:
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842:, which served as a hospital for Union soldiers during the battle. The Bentonville Battlefield Historical Association and the
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from the Army of Northern Virginia, troops from the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida commanded by Lt. Gen.
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218:
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the retreat of the rebels. Compiled under direction of O. M. Poe, Br. Col., U.S.A., by Major E. Hoffmann. (NAID 305615)
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1455:
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722:, which was deployed behind the Army of Tennessee. Hardee was then placed in charge of the Confederate right wing.
393:
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879:
462:
encountered the entrenched men of Johnston's army. On the first day of the battle, the Confederates attacked the
428:
1420:. Series 1, Vol. XXI, Part 1, and Vol. XIX, Part II, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880â1901.
1837:
1589:
799:
where the last Grand Review of the army was held on April 6, 1865. In attendance at the review were Generals
733:
Col. Charles W. Broadfoot, 1st North Carolina Junior Reserves, describing the attack by the Army of Tennessee
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Believing he faced only cavalry, Slocum attempted to brush aside the Confederates by attacking with the 1st
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No Such Army Since the Days of Julius Caesar: Sherman's Carolinas Campaign from Fayetteville to Averasboro
1321:
1012:, and so during the battle would be under the nominal operational control of department commander General
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beginning on March 13, with no one in the Union command expecting major resistance from Johnston.
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513:, moved his army northward through the Carolinas. The Union general in chief, Lieutenant General
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Barrett, John G. "Bentonville, North Carolina (NC020), Johnston County, March 19â21, 1865", in
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Luvaas, Jay. "Johnston's Last Stand â Bentonville." Undated pamphlet. Republished from
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defeat at the Battle of Bentonville the army re-assembled around the grounds of the
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1450:(Discovering Civil War America) Published January 1, 2006 by Ironclad Publishing.
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had ordered Sherman to bring his troops north to Virginia in order to battle the
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Calamity in Carolina: The Battles of Averasboro and Bentonville, March 1865
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on April 9, Johnston's surrender represented the effective end of the war.
1343:, 2nd ed., edited by Francis Kennedy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998.
715:
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569:
59:
April 22, 1865 issue, showing union troops routing the rebel left flank
1479:
1435:. Emerging Civil War Series. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2015.
1468:
1262:
National Register of Historic Places â Nomination and Inventory
857:
American Civil War: Battle of Bentonville, North Carolina, 1865
819:
450:
As the right wing of Sherman's army under command of Maj. Gen.
1371:
Battle of Despair: Bentonville and the North Carolina Campaign
439:. It was the last battle between the western field armies of
1518:
743:
filled the vacuum left by the retreating Federals and began
676:
Map of Bentonville Battlefield core and study areas by the
1388:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996.
1326:"Bentonville Battlefield" webpage. Accessed May 15, 2023.
905:
Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps
1858:
Battles of the Western Theater of the American Civil War
1356:
Last Stand in the Carolinas: The Battle of Bentonville
1793:
1386:
Bentonville: The Final Battle of Sherman and Johnston
1358:. Campbell, California: Savas Publishing Co., 1995.
1853:
Battles of the American Civil War in North Carolina
1264:. North Carolina State Historic Preservation Office
1029:'s division from the Army of Northern Virginia and
1068:
1066:
431:, near the village of Bentonville, as part of the
1373:. Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press, 2004.
920:Troop engagements of the American Civil War, 1865
915:List of costliest American Civil War land battles
1829:
959:
957:
1293:"The Battle of Bentonville Summary & Facts"
1252:
1063:
1008:This division had lately been operating in the
1504:
954:
552:On February 23, Confederate general-in-chief
345:
331:
1431:Davis, Daniel T., and Phillip S. Greenwalt.
832:Bentonville Battleground State Historic Site
580:, and cavalry under the command of Lt. Gen.
830:The site of the battle is preserved as the
814:
458:, the left wing under command of Maj. Gen.
1873:History of Johnston County, North Carolina
1511:
1497:
545:. The two wings marched separately toward
525:. On March 8, Union soldiers crossed into
338:
324:
1888:Union victories of the American Civil War
479:, near Durham Station. Coupled with Gen.
1883:North Carolina in the American Civil War
1520:North Carolina in the American Civil War
818:
671:
556:ordered Johnston to take command of the
1246:
900:Commemoration of the American Civil War
678:American Battlefield Protection Program
14:
1830:
1492:
710:'s 2nd Division on the right and two
319:
27:1865 battle of the American Civil War
1776:
1446:Smith, Mark A., and Wade Sokolosky.
1033:'s corps from the Army of Tennessee.
850:
511:Military Division of the Mississippi
219:Military Division of the Mississippi
57:Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper
1418:of the Union and Confederate Armies
1403:vol. 33, no. 3 (July 1956), 332â58.
599:Opposing commanders at Bentonville
288:
24:
1534:Battle of Hatteras Inlet Batteries
1425:
598:
591:
427:(March 19â21, 1865) was fought in
25:
1899:
1461:
1299:. Civil War Trust. Archived from
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1803:
1775:
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1401:North Carolina Historical Review
878:
865:
782:Joseph Johnston to Robert E. Lee
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607:
287:
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177:
157:
139:
50:
1384:Hughes, Nathaniel Cheairs, Jr.
1341:The Civil War Battlefield Guide
1315:
1285:
1276:
1253:Thomas A. Greco (August 1980).
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1025:Hampton's command consisted of
584:, calling the united force the
429:Johnston County, North Carolina
1843:1865 in the American Civil War
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13:
1:
1696:Battle of Monroe's Crossroads
1590:Battle of Goldsborough Bridge
1162:Hughes, pp. 135â136, 147â148.
925:
759:On March 21, Union Maj. Gen.
490:
1681:Second Battle of Fort Fisher
1010:Department of North Carolina
930:
885:Simplified map of the battle
766:
7:
1665:First Battle of Fort Fisher
893:
663:Confederate order of battle
81:Bentonville, North Carolina
18:Bentonville, North Carolina
10:
1904:
1484:Historical Marker Database
1332:
1324:American Battlefield Trust
1255:"Everitt P. Stevens House"
844:American Battlefield Trust
836:National Historic Landmark
660:
649:
494:
306:Location in North Carolina
1863:Campaign of the Carolinas
1761:
1745:
1724:
1673:
1642:Battle of Albemarle Sound
1624:
1598:
1575:Battle of Tranter's Creek
1542:
1526:
847:acquisitions since 1990.
667:
541:) commanded by Maj. Gen.
533:) commanded by Maj. Gen.
519:Army of Northern Virginia
497:Campaign of the Carolinas
359:
350:Campaign of the Carolinas
275:
242:
229:
212:
170:
132:
63:
49:
44:Campaign of the Carolinas
41:
36:
1660:Rainbow Bluff Expedition
1555:Battle of Elizabeth City
1550:Battle of Roanoke Island
1409:The War of the Rebellion
815:Battlefield preservation
797:Everitt P. Stevens House
645:
1701:Battle of Averasborough
1606:Battle of Fort Anderson
1297:Historical preservation
834:, which was declared a
1848:1865 in North Carolina
1369:Broadwater, Robert P.
827:
779:
730:
680:
537:and a Right Wing (the
171:Commanders and leaders
1838:Battle of Bentonville
1711:Battle of Morrisville
1706:Battle of Bentonville
1570:Battle of South Mills
1480:Battle of Bentonville
1474:Battle of Bentonville
1414:a Compilation of the
1406:U.S. War Department,
1243:Bradley, pp. 407â408.
1234:Bradley, pp. 400â401.
1216:Bradley, pp. 403â404.
822:
775:
725:
720:William B. Taliaferro
675:
661:Further information:
652:Union order of battle
650:Further information:
539:Army of the Tennessee
495:Further information:
425:Battle of Bentonville
270:673 missing/captured)
257:221 missing/captured)
243:Casualties and losses
102:35.30639°N 78.32389°W
37:Battle of Bentonville
1686:Battle of Wilmington
1611:Battle of Washington
1585:Battle of White Hall
1476:at Wikimedia Commons
1303:on November 13, 2012
1207:Hughes, pp. 188â204.
1153:Hughes, pp. 128â130.
566:Alexander P. Stewart
394:Monroe's Cross-Roads
303:class=notpageimage|
1691:Battle of Wyse Fork
1655:Capture of Plymouth
1565:Siege of Fort Macon
1060:Hughes, pp. 47, 49.
809:Zebulon Baird Vance
535:Henry Warner Slocum
107:35.30639; -78.32389
98: /
1810:American Civil War
1637:Battle of Plymouth
1632:Battle of New Bern
1560:Battle of New Bern
1144:Luvaas, pp. 16â17.
1135:Luvaas, pp. 13â14.
1108:Hughes, pp. 60â61.
1099:Luvaas, pp. 11â12.
1090:Hughes, pp. 74â76.
1081:Hughes, pp. 53â56.
999:Hughes, pp. 21â22.
990:Hughes, pp. 16â17.
910:Carolinas Campaign
828:
805:Joseph E. Johnston
681:
634:Joseph E. Johnston
617:William T. Sherman
543:Oliver Otis Howard
507:William T. Sherman
445:Joseph E. Johnston
441:William T. Sherman
437:American Civil War
196:Joseph E. Johnston
184:William T. Sherman
165:Confederate States
1878:March 1865 events
1791:
1790:
1580:Battle of Kinston
1472:Media related to
1441:978-1-61121-245-7
1379:978-0-86554-821-3
1354:Bradley, Mark L.
1027:Matthew C. Butler
1016:. (Luvaas, p. 6.)
951:Broadwater, p. 6.
851:Additional images
801:William J. Hardee
754:Kennesaw Mountain
700:William P. Carlin
643:
642:
586:Army of the South
578:William J. Hardee
558:Army of Tennessee
509:, commanding the
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417:
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224:Army of the South
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71:March 19â21, 1865
16:(Redirected from
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1416:Official Records
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1282:Barrett, p. 411.
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1072:Barrett, p. 408.
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972:Bradley, p. 404.
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942:Barrett, p. 409.
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824:The Harper House
793:Confederate Army
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734:
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515:Ulysses S. Grant
505:, Major General
503:March to the Sea
452:Oliver O. Howard
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708:James D. Morgan
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592:Opposing forces
531:Army of Georgia
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469:Joseph A. Mower
460:Henry W. Slocum
454:marched toward
433:Western Theater
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268:1,694 wounded,
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255:1,112 wounded,
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686:Neuse River
657:Confederate
570:Robert Hoke
410:Morrisville
405:Bentonville
389:Wise's Fork
295:Bentonville
105: /
1832:Categories
1753:Wilmington
1307:August 14,
1268:January 1,
926:References
791:After the
745:enfilading
697:Brig. Gen.
491:Background
93:78°19â˛26âłW
90:35°18â˛23âłN
1649:Albemarle
931:Citations
767:Aftermath
741:D.H. Hill
704:XIV Corps
702:from the
614:Maj. Gen.
547:Goldsboro
485:surrender
464:XIV Corps
456:Goldsboro
1771:Category
894:See also
712:XX Corps
693:Division
574:division
563:Lt. Gen.
384:Columbia
230:Strength
76:Location
1796:Portals
1782:Commons
1333:Sources
435:of the
124:victory
1746:Places
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668:Battle
264:total
251:total
238:21,900
235:60,000
162:
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118:Result
1737:Union
1725:Units
1258:(PDF)
646:Union
636:, CSA
619:, USA
374:Aiken
262:2,606
249:1,527
151:Union
122:Union
1674:1865
1625:1864
1599:1863
1543:1862
1527:1861
1452:ISBN
1437:ISBN
1390:ISBN
1375:ISBN
1360:ISBN
1345:ISBN
1309:2024
1270:2015
631:Gen.
443:and
423:The
68:Date
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