Battle of Berlin - Knowledge

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During the night, General Wenck reported to the German Supreme Army Command in Fuerstenberg that his XII Army had been forced back along the entire front. According to Wenck, no attack on Berlin was possible. At that point, support from the IX Army could no longer be expected. In the meantime, about 25,000 German soldiers of the IX Army, along with several thousand civilians, succeeded in reaching the lines of the XII Army after breaking out of the Halbe pocket. The casualties on both sides were very high. Nearly 30,000 Germans were buried after the battle in the cemetery at Halbe. About 20,000 soldiers of the Red Army also died trying to stop the breakout; most are buried at a cemetery next to the Baruth-Zossen road. These are the known dead, but the remains of more who died in the battle are found every year, so the total of those who died will never be known. Nobody knows how many civilians died but it could have been as high as 10,000.

2859: 3022: 3634: 3703: 2210: 499: 489: 2553: 2644: 2471: 2289: 448: 436: 424: 261: 250: 239: 186: 72: 2906:. When the old southern flank of the IV Panzer Army had some local successes counter-attacking north against the 1st Ukrainian Front, Hitler unrealistically ordered the IX Army to hold Cottbus and set up a front facing west. Next, they were to attack the Soviet columns advancing north to form a pincer that would meet the IV Panzer Army coming from the south and envelop the 1st Ukrainian Front before destroying it. They were to anticipate a southward attack by the III Panzer Army and be ready to be the southern arm of a pincer attack that would envelop 1st Belorussian Front, which would be destroyed by SS-General 2570: 2368: 2227: 510: 396: 379: 368: 357: 338: 327: 316: 305: 284: 2934:, which was facing the Americans, could move to Berlin because the Americans, already on the Elbe River, were unlikely to move further east. This assumption was based on his viewing of the captured Eclipse documents, which organised the partition of Germany among the Allies. Hitler immediately grasped the idea, and within hours Wenck was ordered to disengage from the Americans and move the XII Army north-east to support Berlin. It was then realised that if the IX Army moved west, it could link up with the XII Army. In the evening Heinrici was given permission to make the link-up. 472: 460: 217: 272: 200: 3683:, declassified archival data gives 81,116 Soviet dead for the operation, including the battles of Seelow Heights and the Halbe. Another 280,251 were reported wounded or sick. The operation also cost the Soviets about 1,997 tanks and self-propelled guns. All losses were considered irrecoverable – i.e. beyond economic repair or no longer serviceable. The Soviets claimed to have captured nearly 480,000 German soldiers, while German research put the number of dead between 92,000 and 100,000. Some 125,000 civilians are estimated to have died during the entire operation. 3489:, Rokossovsky's 2nd Belorussian Front started his offensive to the north of Berlin. On 20 April between Stettin and Schwedt, Rokossovsky's 2nd Belorussian Front attacked the northern flank of Army Group Vistula, held by the III Panzer Army. By 22 April, the 2nd Belorussian Front had established a bridgehead on the east bank of the Oder that was over 15 km (9 mi) deep and was heavily engaged with the III Panzer Army. On 25 April, the 2nd Belorussian Front broke through III Panzer Army's line around the bridgehead south of Stettin, crossed the 3778:, was the Battle of Berlin's only female HSU recipient for her valorous actions while serving in 1st Rifle Battalion, 63rd Guards Rifle Regiment, 23rd Guards Rifle Division (subordinate to 3rd Shock Army). Additionally, 280 Red Army enlisted personnel earned the Soviet Order of Glory First Class and attained status as Full Cavaliers of the Order of Glory for their heroism during the Battle of Berlin. In Soviet society, Full Cavaliers of the Order of Glory were accorded the same rights and privileges as Heroes of the Soviet Union. 3755: 3256: 3333: 603: 2272: 3548: 3668: 10650: 3723:

came to Europe they saw something very different from Stalinist Russia ... especially Germany. They were really furious, they could not understand why being so rich, Germans came to Russia". Other authors question the narrative of sexual violence by Red Army soldiers being more than what was a sad normality from all sides during the war, including the Western Allies. Nikolai Berzarin, commander of the Red Army in Berlin, quickly introduced penalties up to the death penalty for looting and rape.

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against the Red Army. By 2 May 1945 the Red Army controlled the building entirely. The famous photo of the two soldiers planting the flag on the roof of the building is a re-enactment photo taken the day after the building was taken. To the Soviets the event as represented by the photo became symbolic of their victory demonstrating that the Battle of Berlin, as well as the Eastern Front hostilities as a whole, ended with the total Soviet victory. As the 756th Regiment's commander

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the SS had carried out the blowing up of the protective devices on the Landwehr Canal." A number of workers, on their own initiative, resisted or sabotaged the SS's plan to destroy the city's infrastructure; they successfully prevented the blowing up of the Klingenberg power station, the Johannisthal waterworks, and other pumping stations, railroad facilities, and bridges.

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Between 24 April and 1 May, the IX Army fought a desperate action to break out of the pocket in an attempt to link up with the XII Army. Hitler assumed that after a successful breakout from the pocket, the IX Army could combine forces with the XII Army and would be able to relieve Berlin. There is no

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The successes of the 1st Ukrainian Front during the first nine days of the battle meant that by 25 April, they were occupying large swathes of the area south and south-west of Berlin. Their spearheads had met elements of the 1st Belorussian Front west of Berlin, completing the investment of the city.

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was named as Heinrici's interim replacement until Student could arrive and assume control. There remains some confusion as to who was in command, as some references say that Student was captured by the British and never arrived. Regardless of whether von Tippelskirch or Student was in command of Army

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advancing from north of Berlin. Later in the day, when Steiner explained that he did not have the divisions to achieve this, Heinrici made it clear to Hitler's staff that unless the IX Army retreated immediately, it would be enveloped by the Soviets. He stressed that it was already too late for it to

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On 20 April 1945, Hitler's 56th birthday, Soviet artillery of the 1st Belorussian Front began shelling Berlin and did not stop until the city surrendered. The weight of ordnance delivered by Soviet artillery during the battle was greater than the total tonnage dropped by Western Allied bombers on the

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German estimate (Müller) based on incomplete archival data: 92,000 for Seelow, Halbe and inside Berlin; 100,000 for the whole Berlin area. For information about the genesis of the "Das Deutsch Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg" project under the Military History Research Office of the Bundeswehr, refer

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of Berlin was consolidated, with leading Soviet units probing and penetrating the S-Bahn defensive ring. By the end of the day, it was clear that the German defence of the city could not do anything but temporarily delay the capture of the city by the Soviets, since the decisive stages of the battle

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On 22 April 1945, at his afternoon situation conference, Hitler fell into a tearful rage when he realised that his plans, prepared the previous day, could not be achieved. He declared that the war was lost, blaming the generals for the defeat and that he would remain in Berlin until the end and then

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programme that Red Army soldiers were astounded when they reached Germany. "For the first time in their lives, eight million Soviet people came abroad, the Soviet Union was a closed country. All they knew about foreign countries was there was unemployment, starvation and exploitation. And when they

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On the night of 2–3 May, General von Manteuffel, commander of the III Panzer Army along with General von Tippelskirch, commander of the XXI Army, surrendered to the US Army. Von Saucken's II Army, that had been fighting north-east of Berlin in the Vistula Delta, surrendered to the Soviets on 9 May.

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situated to the north of Berlin retreated westwards under relentless pressure from Rokossovsky's 2nd Belorussian Front, and was eventually pushed into a pocket 32 km (20 mi) wide that stretched from the Elbe to the coast. To their west was the British 21st Army Group (which on 1 May broke

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The city's food supplies had been largely destroyed on Hitler's orders. 128 of the 226 bridges had been blown up and 87 pumps rendered inoperative. "A quarter of the subway stations were under water, flooded on Hitler's orders. Thousands and thousands who had sought shelter in them had drowned when

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During the early hours of 1 May, Krebs talked to General Chuikov, commander of the Soviet 8th Guards Army, informing him of Hitler's death and a willingness to negotiate a citywide surrender. They could not agree on terms because of Soviet insistence on unconditional surrender and Krebs' claim that

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During the months preceding to the battle, as the Red Army began its offensives into Germany proper, the STAVKA recognised the potential for lapses in discipline among vengeful troops as the Red Army began offensives in Germany proper in the months preceding the battle, and were able to check such

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In those areas that the Red Army had captured and before the fighting in the centre of the city had stopped, the Soviet authorities took measures to start restoring essential services. Almost all transport in and out of the city had been rendered inoperative, and bombed-out sewers had contaminated

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and were made up of men from the officer training schools, making them some of the best units the Germans had in reserve. They covered a distance of about 24 km (15 mi), before being halted at the tip of Lake Schwielow, south-west of Potsdam and still 32 km (20 mi) from Berlin.

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As the perimeter shrank and the surviving defenders fell back, they became concentrated into a small area in the city centre. By now there were about 10,000 German soldiers in the city centre, which was being assaulted from all sides. One of the other main thrusts was along Wilhelmstrasse on which

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was appointed Commander-in-Chief of Army Group Vistula replacing Himmler. Heinrici was one of the best defensive tacticians in the German army, and he immediately started to lay defensive plans. Heinrici correctly assessed that the main Soviet thrust would be made over the Oder River and along the

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succeeded in breaching Soviet lines. Only a handful of those who survived the initial breakout made it to the lines of the Western Allies—most were either killed or captured by the Red Army's outer encirclement forces west of the city. Early in the morning of 2 May, the Soviets captured the Reich

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On 23 April 1945, the Soviet 1st Belorussian Front and 1st Ukrainian Front continued to tighten the encirclement, severing the last link between the German IX Army and the city. Elements of the 1st Ukrainian Front continued to move westward and started to engage the German XII Army moving towards

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Despite Soviet efforts to supply food and rebuild the city, starvation remained a problem. In June 1945, one month after the surrender, the average Berliner was getting only 64 percent of a daily ration of 1,240 Cal (5,200 kJ). Across the city over a million people were without homes.

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in February 1933 and its interior resembled a rubble heap more than a government building. The German troops inside were heavily entrenched, and fierce room-to-room fighting ensued. At that point there was still a large contingent of German soldiers in the basement who launched counter-attacks

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of World War II: almost one million Red Army soldiers and more than 20,000 tanks and artillery pieces were deployed to break through the "Gates to Berlin", which were defended by about 100,000 German soldiers and 1,200 tanks and guns. The Soviet forces led by Zhukov broke through the defensive

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in the south to the Baltic, into an area in front of the Seelow Heights. The 2nd Belorussian Front moved into the positions being vacated by the 1st Belorussian Front north of the Seelow Heights. While this redeployment was in progress, gaps were left in the lines; and the remnants of General

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Having failed to break through to Berlin, Wenck's XII Army made a fighting retreat back towards the Elbe and American lines after providing the IX Army survivors with surplus transport. By 6 May many German Army units and individuals had crossed the Elbe and surrendered to the US Ninth Army.

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and then themselves. Goebbels's death removed the last impediment which prevented Weidling from accepting the terms of unconditional surrender of his garrison, but he chose to delay the surrender until the next morning to allow the planned breakout to take place under the cover of darkness.

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did not believe the Western Allies would hand over territory occupied by them in the post-war Soviet zone, so he began the offensive on a broad front and moved rapidly to meet the Western Allies as far west as possible. But the overriding objective was to capture Berlin. The two goals were

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the city's water supplies. The Soviet authorities appointed local Germans to head each city block, and organised the cleaning-up. The Red Army made a major effort to feed the residents of the city. Most Germans, both soldiers and civilians, were grateful to receive food issued at Red Army

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evidence to suggest that Generals Heinrici, Busse, or Wenck thought that this was even remotely strategically feasible, but Hitler's agreement to allow the IX Army to break through Soviet lines allowed many German soldiers to escape to the west and surrender to the United States Army.

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had already been fought and lost by the Germans outside the city. By that time, Schörner's offensive, initially successful, had mostly been thwarted, although he did manage to inflict significant casualties on the opposing Polish and Soviet units, slowing down their progress.

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Elsewhere, the 2nd Belorussian Front had established a bridgehead 15 km (9 mi) deep on the west bank of the Oder and was heavily engaged with the III Panzer Army. The IX Army had lost Cottbus and was being pressed from the east. A Soviet tank spearhead was on the

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Request immediate report. Firstly of the whereabouts of Wenck's spearheads. Secondly of time intended to attack. Thirdly of the location of the IX Army. Fourthly of the precise place in which the IX Army will break through. Fifthly of the whereabouts of General

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as the commander of the Berlin Defence Area, replacing Lieutenant General Reymann. Meanwhile, by 24 April 1945 elements of 1st Belorussian Front and 1st Ukrainian Front had completed the encirclement of the city. Within the next day, 25 April 1945, the Soviet

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At some point on 28 April or 29 April, General Heinrici, Commander-in-Chief of Army Group Vistula, was relieved of his command after disobeying Hitler's direct orders to hold Berlin at all costs and never order a retreat, and was replaced by General

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The capital was now within range of field artillery. A Soviet war correspondent, in the style of World War II Soviet journalism, gave the following account of an important event which took place on 22 April 1945 at 08:30 local time:

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Group Vistula, the rapidly deteriorating situation that the Germans faced meant that Army Group Vistula's coordination of the armies under its nominal command during the last few days of the war was of little significance.

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The 350-strong garrison of the Zoo flak tower left the building. There was sporadic fighting in a few isolated buildings where some SS troops still refused to surrender, but the Soviets reduced such buildings to rubble.

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which continued to resist in Czechoslovakia. There were a number of small battles and skirmishes involving small bodies of men, but no other large scale fighting that resulted in the death of thousands of people. (See

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On 19 April, the fourth day, the 1st Belorussian Front broke through the final line of the Seelow Heights and nothing but broken German formations lay between them and Berlin. The 1st Ukrainian Front, having captured

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city. While the 1st Belorussian Front advanced towards the east and north-east of the city, the 1st Ukrainian Front pushed through the last formations of the northern wing of Army Group Centre and passed north of

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complementary because possession of the zone could not be won quickly unless Berlin was taken. Another consideration was that Berlin itself held useful post-war strategic assets, including Adolf Hitler and the

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On the night of 1/2 May, most of the remnants of the Berlin garrison attempted to break out of the city centre in three different directions. Only those that went west through the Tiergarten and crossed the

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By the next day, 30 April, the Soviets had solved their bridging problems and with artillery support at 06:00 they launched an attack on the Reichstag, but because of German entrenchments and support from

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in the south. By the end of the day, the German eastern front line north of Frankfurt around Seelow and to the south around Forst had ceased to exist. These breakthroughs allowed the two Soviet Fronts to

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Chancellery. General Weidling surrendered with his staff at 06:00 hours. He was taken to see General Vasily Chuikov at 08:23, where Weidling ordered the city's defenders to surrender to the Soviets.

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Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg, Band 10/1: Der Zusammenbruch des Deutschen Reiches 1945 und die Folgen des Zweiten Weltkrieges – Teilbd 1: Die militärische Niederwerfung der Wehrmacht

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On the morning of 7 May, the perimeter of the XII Army's bridgehead began to collapse. Wenck crossed the Elbe under small arms fire that afternoon and surrendered to the American Ninth Army.

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During the early hours of 30 April, Weidling informed Hitler in person that the defenders would probably exhaust their ammunition during the night. Hitler granted him permission to attempt a

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upstream. Behind the plain on the plateau, the engineers built three belts of defensive emplacements reaching back towards the outskirts of Berlin (the lines nearer to Berlin were called the

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on 28 April. General Kurt von Tippelskirch was named as Heinrici's interim replacement until Student could arrive and assume control. Student was captured by the British and never arrived (

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and the 1st Guards Tank Army fought their way through the southern suburbs and attacked Tempelhof Airport, just inside the S-Bahn defensive ring, where they met stiff resistance from the

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A number of sources cited in this article derive their casualty numbers from Krivosheev's archival work. They include Hamilton, who uses the figure of 361,367 without further breakdown (

3295:, but a Waffen-SS counter-attack forced the Soviets to withdraw from the building. To the south-west the 8th Guards Army attacked north across the Landwehr canal into the Tiergarten. 3592:. Wenck's XII Army, obeying Hitler's command of 22 April, was attempting to force its way into Berlin from the south-west but met stiff resistance from 1st Ukrainian Front around 1364: 3193:'s 3rd Guards Tank Army (part of the 1st Ukrainian Front)—were forced back towards the centre, taking up new defensive positions around Hermannplatz. Krukenberg informed General 1359: 1344: 6826:Федеральный закон Российской Федерации от 7 мая 2007 г. N 68-ФЗ "О Знамени Победы" (Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated May 7, 2007 N 68 -FZ "On the Banner of Victory") 6468: 2806:

against German positions inside Berlin on the nights of 15 April (105 bombers), 17 April (61 bombers), 18 April (57 bombers), 19 April (79 bombers), and 20 April (78 bombers).

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had failed, and a counter-attack by the Red Army took back in 24 hours everything the Germans had taken ten days to gain. On 30 March, the Soviets entered Austria; and in the

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Canal by the evening of 24 April. During the same period, of all the German forces ordered to reinforce the inner defences of the city by Hitler, only a small contingent of

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move north-west to Berlin and would have to retreat west. Heinrici went on to say that if Hitler did not allow it to move west, he would ask to be relieved of his command.

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arrived in Berlin. During 25 April, Krukenberg was appointed as the commander of Defence Sector C, the sector under the most pressure from the Soviet assault on the city.

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that there might yet be a falling out among the Allies and that Berlin would be saved at the last moment, as had happened once before when Berlin was threatened (see the

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Tank Armies were heading north-east towards Berlin while other armies headed west towards a section of the United States Army's front line south-west of Berlin on the

2962:' appeals, hurriedly scrawled in white paint: 'Every German will defend his capital. We shall stop the Red hordes at the walls of our Berlin.' Just try and stop them! 10572: 8583: 4102:

The Soviets later estimated the number as 180,000, but this included many unarmed men in uniform, such as railway officials and members of the Reich Labour Service (

721: 3691:, which began on Colonel-General Berzarin's orders. After the capitulation the Soviets went house to house, arresting and imprisoning anyone in a uniform including 4153:, p. 670). Due to deprivations suffered by the civilian population, some women secured the necessities of life by engaging in varying degrees of coerced sex ( 8910: 10768: 8506: 8478: 7622: 3241:. The foreign contingents of the SS fought particularly hard, because they were ideologically motivated and they believed that they would not live if captured. 2723: 10551: 9230: 8917: 8044: 1298: 9533: 8896: 8198: 7823: 3189:) that were defending the south-east, now facing five Soviet armies—from east to west, the 5th Shock Army, the 8th Guards Army, the 1st Guards Tank Army and 1369: 8539: 8485: 7671: 3156: 5265:, p. 336, quoting General Mohnke directly refers to the smaller centre government quarter/district in this area and under his command as Z-Zitadelle. 2355: 9003: 8492: 8108: 3114: 3774:

Zhukov and Konev received their third and second HSU awards respectively, for their roles in the battle's outcome. Combat medic Guards Senior Sergeant

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Although all sources agree that rapes occurred, the numbers put forward are estimates. A frequently quoted number is that 100,000 women in Berlin were

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The sector in which most of the fighting in the overall offensive took place was the Seelow Heights, the last major defensive line outside Berlin. The

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On 12 April 1945, Hitler, who had earlier decided to remain in the city against the wishes of his advisers, heard the news that the American President

1374: 8889: 8329: 8205: 2799:. The cost to the Soviet forces had been very high, with over 2,807 tanks lost between 1 and 19 April, including at least 727 at the Seelow Heights. 6918: 8182: 7562: 204: 8619: 7931: 3820: 1967: 3217:). The Soviet advance to the city centre was along these main axes: from the south-east, along the Frankfurter Allee (ending and stopped at the 2030:(but unknown to the Soviet Union, by the time of the Battle of Berlin, the bulk of the uranium and most of the scientists had been evacuated to 114: 8438: 7740: 10444: 3588:, on the Elbe River. These manoeuvres had broken the German forces south of Berlin into three parts. The German IX Army was surrounded in the 9237: 9200: 9177: 8691: 7613: 7583: 714: 8952: 6138: 1918:. Three German divisions' attempts to relieve the encircled Hungarian capital city failed, and Budapest fell to the Soviets on 13 February. 9330: 9186: 9170: 9142: 8383: 7590: 7147:

The British Garrison Berlin 1945–1994: Nowhere to Go ... a Pictorial Historiography of the British Military Occupation / Presence in Berlin

3650:, came under heavy Soviet artillery bombardment and was compressed into an area eight by two kilometres (five by one and a quarter miles). 7336: 3324:"... the Supreme High Command ... and the entire Soviet People order you to erect the victory banner on the roof above Berlin". 10087: 9154: 9066: 9010: 8973: 8248: 1680: 6624: 3237:. The Reichstag, the Moltke bridge, Alexanderplatz, and the Havel bridges at Spandau saw the heaviest fighting, with house-to-house and 9059: 7784: 3272: 2992:

I noted the time. It was exactly 8:30 a.m. on 22 April. Ninety-six shells fell in the centre of Berlin in the course of a few minutes.

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During and immediately following the assault, in many areas of the city, vengeful Soviet troops (often rear echelon units) engaged in

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Known for unrelenting brutality; ordered the immediate hanging of all deserters, even in the final days of the war; served time for

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Bellamy states that most of the rapes occurred between 23 April and 8 May, after which the number of rapes gradually subsided (

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The forces available to General Weidling for the city's defence included roughly 45,000 soldiers in several severely depleted

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Captured prisoners included many unarmed men in uniform, such as railway officials and members of the Reich Labour Service (

3702: 1738:. The first defensive preparations at the outskirts of Berlin were made on 20 March, under the newly appointed commander of 10341: 9748: 9634: 8799: 8259: 8255: 8233: 7837: 6548: 3596:. Schörner's Army Group Centre was forced to withdraw from the Battle of Berlin, along its lines of communications towards 3353: 2970:, barricades, mines, traps, suicide squads with grenades clutched in their hands—all are swept aside before the tidal wave. 883: 748: 10733: 10256: 9720: 9052: 9038: 8244: 3287:. At dawn the Soviets pressed on with their assault in the south-east. After very heavy fighting they managed to capture 1956: 1139: 849: 753: 7097:

Originally published in "World War II" at Suite101.com on 1 May 1999. Revised edition published in "Articles On War" at

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River for future operations, but the depleted German forces had been given an impossible task. By 16 March, the German

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Some 1.1 million Soviet personnel who took part in the capture of Berlin from 22 April to 2 May 1945 were awarded the

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and their bodies were cremated not far from the bunker. In accordance with Hitler's last will and testament, Admiral

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and started to fan out into the surrounding streets and buildings. The initial assaults on buildings, including the

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Gareev, Makhmut; Tretiak, Ivan; Rzheshevsky, Oleg (21 July 2005), "Насилие над фактами" [Abuse of Facts],

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he lacked authorisation to agree to that. Goebbels was against surrender. In the afternoon, Goebbels and his wife

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if both armies attempted to occupy the city at once. The major Western Allied contribution to the battle was the

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on 8 May (9 May in the Soviet Union) as some German units fought westward so that they could surrender to the

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bombed the German capital, ending on the night of 20/21 April 1945 just before the Soviets entered the city.

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insisted on a counter-attack to recapture the Drau-Danube triangle. The goal was to secure the oil region of

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Initial Soviet estimates had placed the total strength at 1 million men, but this was an overestimate (

1438: 10662: 10558: 9933: 9894: 8813: 8641: 8626: 8553: 8532: 8350: 8028: 7814: 7807: 7791: 7502: 7461: 7433: 3935: 3825: 2775: 2738: 2046: 1762: 1503: 1349: 1199: 954: 917: 822: 731: 59: 7098: 7021:

Battle for Berlin End of the Third Reich Ballantine's Illustrated History of World War II (Battle Book #6)

2209: 10625: 9949: 9901: 9519: 9491: 9344: 8959: 8938: 8452: 8115: 8021: 7511: 4119:, p. 372). Beevor lists the casualties as 78,291 killed and 274,184 wounded for a total of 352,475 ( 4090: 4077: 4039: 4009: 3771: 3597: 3039: 2942:

River to the east of Berlin, and another had at one point penetrated the inner defensive ring of Berlin.

1805: 1778: 2552: 10832: 10792: 10683: 10423: 9919: 9838: 9783: 9671: 9627: 9277: 8903: 8827: 8722: 8599: 8471: 8464: 8424: 8397: 8129: 8062: 7657: 7468: 7398: 7376: 6416: 3609: 3565: 3383: 2795:

in a large pocket west of Frankfurt. Attempts by the 9th Army to break out to the west resulted in the

1931: 1854: 1723: 1666: 1446: 1418: 1231: 1193: 959: 498: 488: 3621: 10787: 10325: 10242: 10027: 9887: 9859: 9692: 9597: 9387: 8820: 7887: 7541: 6157: 3839: 3626: 3436: 3198: 1226: 834: 802: 777: 577: 8085: 10837: 10797: 10064: 10041: 9293: 9094: 9087: 8744: 8404: 8376: 8369: 7756: 6908: 6435: 6373:

Onward to Berlin!: Red Army Valor in World War II – The Full Cavaliers of the Soviet Order of Glory

6203: 3800: 3767: 3766:

All told, 402 Red Army personnel were bestowed the USSR's highest degree of distinction, the title

3581: 3522: 3378:, was pounded by large concentrations of Soviet artillery. The remaining German Tiger tanks of the 2899: 2891: 2782:. With these advances, the Soviet forces drove a wedge between Army Group Vistula in the north and 2759: 2300: 2177: 1391: 1145: 937: 276: 8101: 8078: 71: 10486: 10430: 10300: 10160: 9845: 9498: 9394: 9300: 8868: 8729: 8699: 8663: 8648: 8520: 8412: 8390: 8336: 8322: 8304: 7968: 7749: 7477: 7426: 7150: 3551:

2nd Lt. William Robertson, US Army and Lt. Alexander Sylvashko, Red Army, shown in front of sign

3498: 3447:

On the evening of 29 April, Krebs contacted General Alfred Jodl (Supreme Army Command) by radio:

3361: 3206: 2911: 2482: 1610: 1531: 1204: 1021: 983: 971: 854: 839: 536: 294: 7326: 3292: 2105: 10178: 10071: 9873: 9824: 9727: 9620: 9590: 9373: 9261: 8987: 8778: 8362: 8343: 8313: 7860: 7830: 4161: 3391: 2308: 1963: 1834: 1099: 1072: 949: 792: 254: 160: 6487: 6484:

Two Soldiers, Two Lost Fronts: German War Diaries of the Stalingrad and North Africa Campaigns

3230: 2164:

The three Soviet fronts had altogether 2.5 million men (including 78,556 soldiers of the

1861:

River; and, from Warsaw, a three-day operation on a broad front, which incorporated four army

10669: 10392: 10235: 10131: 10101: 10057: 9797: 9762: 9755: 9678: 9576: 9017: 8994: 8841: 8445: 7982: 7722: 7708: 7391: 6990: 6956: 6606: 6292:

Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000

6128: 3808: 3509: 3440: 3003: 2931: 2121: 2113: 1998: 1978:

and saw no further need to suffer casualties by attacking a city that would be in the Soviet

1946: 1826: 1774: 1591: 1476: 1077: 1066: 817: 555: 440: 428: 361: 8280: 3908:

as commander of Berlin who only held the post for one day having taken command from Reymann.

2887: 2589: 372: 10817: 10493: 10348: 9999: 9956: 9926: 9852: 9662: 9641: 8560: 8037: 7715: 7115: 6243: 3718:

and murder. Oleg Budnitskii, historian at the Higher School of Economics in Moscow, told a

3615: 3234: 3226: 3222: 3202: 3140: 2852: 2844: 2832: 2792: 2767: 2404: 2246: 2134: 2130: 1971: 1735: 1712: 1604: 1597: 1327: 1132: 1014: 965: 771: 476: 163: 3143:

assaulted Berlin from the south-east and, after overcoming a counter-attack by the German

1784:, advancing from the east and north, started shelling Berlin's city centre, while Marshal 797: 8: 10709: 10611: 10385: 10263: 10219: 9741: 8875: 8634: 8161: 7991: 7975: 7924: 7042: 7036: 6855: 6639: 4052: 4013: 3793: 3758:

Soviet soldier's graffito made on a historical French gun in Berlin: "Ivan Desyateryk of

3692: 3680: 3375: 3341: 3238: 2990:

Then came the tremendous words of command: 'Open fire on the capital of Fascist Germany.'

2746:

positions, having suffered about 30,000 dead, while 12,000 German personnel were killed.

2654: 2150: 1979: 1870: 1862: 1789: 1209: 1175: 1120: 452: 3405: 3079: 2847:

advanced nearly 50 km (31 mi) north of Berlin and then attacked south-west of

2061:. He decided not to try to defend the banks of the Oder with anything more than a light 1994:

launched very large daytime raids on Berlin and, for 36 nights in succession, scores of

1822:

members. Over the course of the next week, the Red Army gradually took the entire city.

10604: 10437: 10362: 10316: 10286: 10194: 10034: 9699: 9583: 9477: 9428: 9366: 9122: 9073: 8882: 8499: 8154: 7952: 7314: 7074: 6448: 6309: 3625:

attacked from the south-west toward the direction of Berlin. They were part of Wenck's

3494: 3382:

battalion took up positions in the east of the Tiergarten to defend the centre against

2985: 2967: 2895: 2831:, the 2nd Belorussian Front attacked the northern flank of Army Group Vistula, held by 2788: 2379: 2066: 2039: 1900: 1885: 1739: 1654: 1634: 1510: 1456: 1219: 1180: 1160: 1155: 1053: 828: 492: 7289: 4093:

in February 1944; following war, replaced Zhukov as commander of Soviet ground forces.

2180:(nicknamed 'Stalin's Organ'), and 95,383 motor vehicles, many manufactured in the US. 1891: 10595: 10479: 10369: 10309: 10270: 10203: 10185: 10151: 10094: 10048: 9992: 9817: 9555: 9547: 9484: 9337: 8931: 8456: 7917: 7896: 7606: 7269: 7251: 7230: 7203: 7197: 7180: 7164: 7154: 7078: 6994: 6968: 6938: 6894: 6859: 6790: 6772: 6754: 6727: 6709: 6691: 6647: 6614: 6570: 6552: 6527: 6509: 6491: 6454: 6420: 6398: 6376: 6358: 6340: 6328: 6315: 6295: 6277: 6247: 6225: 6207: 6185: 6163: 6114: 6110: 3970: 3864: 3379: 3163: 3110: 3087: 2973: 2783: 2581: 2387: 2078: 2058: 2053: 1915: 1793: 1743: 1638: 1427: 1104: 932: 502: 309: 6887: 3754: 3255: 10514: 10451: 10115: 9880: 9866: 9769: 9706: 9657: 9470: 9323: 9270: 9080: 9031: 8945: 8168: 8145: 7678: 7358: 7306: 7066: 7024: 7007: 6983: 3962: 3931: 3859: 3830: 3775: 3672: 3638: 3469: 3332: 3321: 3144: 3128: 3016: 2998: 2803: 2771: 2125: 1935: 1896: 1797: 1379: 1258: 1241: 1214: 1150: 1058: 911: 900: 873: 865: 844: 787: 400: 383: 342: 28: 7687: 3344:

through the encircling Red Army lines. That afternoon, Hitler and Braun committed

405: 388: 10721: 10537: 10249: 10164: 10122: 10020: 9963: 9831: 9613: 9604: 9133: 8708: 8684: 7938: 7366: 6809: 6661: 6590: 4633: 4165: 3667: 3542: 3345: 3317: 3300: 3174: 3136: 2959: 2903: 2836: 2796: 2751: 2237: 2173: 2158: 2086: 2042: 1995: 1766: 1585: 1486: 1396: 1263: 1170: 1032: 997: 922: 812: 602: 464: 10649: 4160:

behaviour to a certain extent. In a 27 January order near the conclusion of the

1951: 10697: 10544: 10080: 10006: 8051: 7910: 7243: 6845: 3966: 3747: 3312: 3304: 3218: 3170: 3132: 3083: 2879: 2840: 2755: 2742: 2094: 2070: 1975: 1334: 976: 807: 331: 7370: 7248:

The Russians in Germany: A History of the Soviet Zone of Occupation, 1945–1949

7070: 3770:(HSU), for their valor in Berlin's immediate suburbs and in the city itself. 3647: 3521:), to their east Rokossovsky's 2nd Belorussian Front and to the south was the 3349: 2271: 10781: 10355: 8273: 8122: 7961: 7218: 7192: 7168: 6181: 6153: 4645: 3905: 3849: 3696: 3547: 3453: 3366: 3268: 3190: 3148: 3054: 3050: 2981: 2927: 2907: 2870: 2490: 2413: 2154: 2117: 2090: 2022: 1983: 1781: 1466: 596: 320: 243: 129: 116: 5106:, p. 160 states "officially" it was the next morning of 24 April 1945; 3965:

on 6–11 May 1945, when the Red Army, with the help of Polish, Romanian, and

3336:

Front lines 1 May (pink = Allied occupied territory; red = area of fighting)

10654: 10458: 8751: 8656: 8287: 7650: 7414: 7297:

Shepardson, Donald E. (1998), "The Fall of Berlin and the Rise of a Myth",

7057:

Ziemke, Earl F. (1983), "Germany and World War II: The Official History?",

6540: 6444: 6269: 6133: 3888: 3803:

is held each year on 2 May, the last day of the battle in Berlin, when the

3688: 3646:

Meanwhile, the XII Army's bridgehead, with its headquarters in the park of

3589: 3465: 3086:

the Battle Commander for the central government district that included the

3059: 2763: 2643: 2569: 2470: 2367: 2288: 2226: 2035: 2018: 1919: 1866: 1819: 1770: 1750: 1704: 1559: 1555: 1536: 1519: 1498: 927: 606: 509: 447: 435: 423: 395: 378: 367: 356: 337: 326: 315: 304: 289: 283: 260: 249: 238: 222: 191: 108: 63: 6824: 3854: 3743: 2009: 1845: 10293: 10279: 9941: 8610: 8431: 8416: 7770: 7092: 6913: 4001: 3869: 3555:

symbolizing the historic meeting of the Soviet and American Armies, near

3526: 3074: 3030: 2923: 2626: 2109: 2062: 1923: 1796:

and advanced towards the southern suburbs of Berlin. On 23 April General

1580: 1575: 1571: 10716: 4029:

status, contributed to the assemblage of historical accounts of the war.

1877:, drawing up on a line 60 km (37 mi) east of Berlin along the 9648: 9401: 9380: 8266: 7599: 7527: 7177:

The Road to Berlin: Continuing the History of Stalin's War with Germany

4164:, Marshal Konev supplied a long list of commanders to be reassigned to 4069: 4005: 3934:

that were at the start of the battle part of the German IX Army on the

3735: 3308: 3065: 2864: 2848: 2665: 2146: 2031: 1814: 1785: 1758: 618: 592: 265: 7318: 9911: 9316: 9113: 8924: 8715: 8670: 6336: 3988: 3719: 3502: 3284: 3045: 2820: 2754:

the day before, fanned out into open country. One powerful thrust by

2169: 1904: 1809: 1734:. On 9 March, Germany established its defence plan for the city with 943: 612: 8191: 6470:

The Soviet-German War 1941–1945: Myths and Realities: A Survey Essay

5257:, p. 304, states the centre sector was known as Z for Zentrum; 3518: 2851:. The Soviet plan was to encircle Berlin first and then envelop the 2819:, well over halfway to the American front line on the river Elbe at 2741:, fought over four days from 16 until 19 April, was one of the last 2347: 1903:, but this had failed by 24 February. The Red Army then drove on to 1874: 8175: 7903: 7310: 3573: 3530: 2945: 2816: 2045:

commander of the Berlin Defence Area, replacing Lieutenant General

1907:, clearing the right bank of the Oder River, thereby reaching into 1801: 1727: 1276: 588:

In the Berlin Defence Area: about 45,000 soldiers, supplemented by:

6240:

Bagration to Berlin – The Final Air Battles in the East: 1944–1945

6355:

Storming the Beast's Lair: Red Army Valor in the Battle of Berlin

3715: 3593: 3409: 3288: 2883: 2828: 2824: 2142: 2098: 1908: 1730:

had temporarily halted on a line 60 km (37 mi) east of

1620: 346: 4766: 3739:

Victory Banner raised on the roof of the Reichstag on 1 May 1945

3513:

out of its Elbe bridgehead and had raced to the coast capturing

699: 558:

and assault on the Berlin Defence Area: about 1,500,000 soldiers

31:, the ending phase of the battle which occurred inside the city. 8792: 7383: 6506:

Jews, Germans, and Allies: Close Encounters in Occupied Germany

5822: 4056: 3759: 3585: 3556: 3514: 3152: 2138: 1939: 1927: 1731: 471: 459: 104: 6876:[The Berlin Operation of 1945: Discussion Continues], 5212: 4950: 4948: 4890: 4051:

One of the USSR's most effective and decorated leaders during

2453: 1968:

Supreme Commander [Western] Allied Expeditionary Force

10727: 8980: 5723: 5444: 5202: 5200: 3706:

Red Army soldiers celebrating the capture of Berlin, May 1945

2939: 2074: 2017:

The Soviet offensive into central Germany, what later became

1858: 6644:

Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century

5926: 5604: 5602: 5517: 5515: 5513: 5511: 5432: 4991: 4989: 4987: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4783: 4781: 4573: 4353: 4351: 4349: 4336: 4334: 3481:

While the 1st Belorussian Front and the 1st Ukrainian Front

3181:

Division. But by 27 April, the two understrength divisions (

3073:

had been in the army as young men and some were veterans of

2108:

in East Prussia fell to the Red Army. This freed up Marshal

43:

Last major offensive of the European theatre of World War II

5374: 5372: 5370: 5102:, p. 286 states the appointment was on 23 April 1945; 4945: 4245: 4073: 2779: 1878: 7133:– Includes the Order of Battle for the Battle for Berlin ( 6953:

The Soviet Air Force in World War II: the Official History

5950: 5914: 5877: 5875: 5873: 5858: 5711: 5699: 5563: 5551: 5468: 5384: 5197: 4549: 4431: 4429: 4168:

for looting, drunkenness, and excesses against civilians (

4038:

Politically rehabilitated after the war and served as the

3987:

Politically rehabilitated after the war and served in the

7332: 5986: 5812: 5810: 5677: 5675: 5645: 5643: 5641: 5626: 5599: 5508: 5493:, p. 391, 4 am, for Krebs' meeting with Chuikov 5408: 5357: 5355: 5292: 5280: 5236: 5224: 4984: 4844: 4778: 4402: 4346: 4331: 4026: 3460:

In the early morning of 30 April, Jodl replied to Krebs:

2116:

to move west to the east bank of the Oder river. Marshal

6524:

Bloody Streets: The Soviet Assault on Berlin, April 1945

5938: 5892: 5890: 5834: 5662: 5660: 5658: 5367: 5149: 5110:, p. 228 gives 26 April for Weidling's appointment. 5054: 5052: 4911: 4909: 4907: 4905: 4810: 4808: 4756: 4754: 4513: 4453: 4368: 4366: 4319: 3750:

raised on the top of Berlin Victory Column on 2 May 1945

6311:

The Decline and Fall of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan

6082: 5974: 5962: 5870: 5396: 5113: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5001: 4868: 4866: 4864: 4793: 4739: 4727: 4717: 4715: 4713: 4681: 4426: 4414: 4297: 4295: 4270: 4268: 4266: 4264: 4262: 4260: 4218: 4216: 4214: 8045:

Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany

6965:

Conquerors' Road: An Eyewitness Report of Germany 1945

6486:(illustrated ed.), Casemate Publishers, pp. 6010: 5998: 5902: 5846: 5807: 5795: 5783: 5771: 5759: 5747: 5735: 5687: 5672: 5638: 5614: 5587: 5575: 5539: 5527: 5496: 5456: 5420: 5352: 5340: 5328: 4609: 4597: 4537: 4489: 4235: 4233: 4231: 3796:

was defined by a federal law of Russia on 7 May 2007.

2978:'What are the targets?' I asked the battery commander. 2922:

In an attempt to coax Hitler out of his rage, General

10681: 6046: 5887: 5655: 5316: 5304: 5268: 5173: 5161: 5137: 5125: 5049: 5013: 4972: 4960: 4902: 4878: 4832: 4820: 4805: 4751: 4700: 4698: 4696: 4669: 4657: 4621: 4561: 4525: 4363: 4307: 7038:

The U.S. Army in the occupation of Germany 1944–1946

6607:"Boje polskie 1939–1945: przewodnik encyklopedyczny" 6450:

When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler

6058: 6034: 6022: 5185: 5081: 5064: 5037: 4933: 4921: 4861: 4710: 4465: 4441: 4390: 4378: 4292: 4257: 4211: 3671:

A devastated street in the city centre just off the

3213:

would have to fall back to the centre sector Z (for

3049:

divisions. These divisions were supplemented by the

2124:, which had been deployed along the Oder river from 6874:Берлинская операция 1945 г.: дискуссия продолжается 6222:

Absolute war: Soviet Russia in the Second World War

5025: 4585: 4501: 4477: 4280: 4228: 4199: 3109:. To the south-east of the city and to the east of 2997:Berlin. On this same day, Hitler appointed General 1849:

Main thrusts of the Red Army and its eastern allies

10828:Battles of World War II involving the Soviet Union 6982: 6886: 6070: 4693: 4130: 3881: 2894:) in the 1st Ukrainian Front region, engaging the 7363:– Alternative account of crimes against civilians 6129:"They raped every German female from eight to 80" 1949:had died. This briefly raised false hopes in the 1800:assumed command of the forces within Berlin. The 10779: 6785:Murray, Williamson; Millett, Allan Reed (2000), 6397:] (in German), München: Bertelsmann Verlag, 3941: 3930:A large number of the 45,000 were troops of the 3464:Firstly, Wenck's spearhead bogged down south of 3303:2 km (1.2 mi) away on the roof of the 2868:, the German home defence militia, armed with a 4096: 3961:The last offensive of the European war was the 3821:Medal for Participation in the Battle of Berlin 3320:had stated in his order to Battalion Commander 1804:consisted of several depleted and disorganised 6473:, The Strom Thurmond Institute, archived from 3493:Swamp, and were now free to move west towards 34:For the Royal Air Force bombing campaign, see 7399: 6805:RAF History – Bomber Command 60th Anniversary 6784: 6681: 6567:Armageddon: The Battle for Germany, 1944–1945 6545:Armageddon: The Battle for Germany, 1944–1945 6481: 6439:(in Russian), interviewed by Sergey Turchenko 4772: 4251: 4180: 3955: 2692: 4 guards motorized rifle brigades 2137:, which had been bottled up in a pocket near 1966:to seize the city by a ground operation. The 1674: 1292: 715: 7285:Photos of World War 2 Berlin Locations today 6586:The WW2 Letters of Private Melvin W. Johnson 6482:Gregory, Don A.; Gehlen, William R. (2009), 6260:Budnitskii, Oleg (3 May 2015), "Interview", 3978:for details on these final days of the war.) 3924: 2718: 1889: 6871: 4184: 4109: 3482: 3244: 1853:On 12 January 1945, the Red Army began the 1354: 7406: 7392: 6906: 6703: 6659: 6638: 6604: 6289: 6259: 6126: 6088: 5980: 5968: 5864: 5840: 5828: 5729: 5717: 5402: 4954: 4357: 4340: 3911: 3263:In the early hours of 29 April the Soviet 2949:Polish Army on their way to Berlin in 1945 2601: 1 Reichsarbeitsdienst division 2399: 2 motorized infantry divisions 2093:emplacements, and an extensive network of 1753:offensive resumed on 16 April, two Soviet 1681: 1667: 1299: 1285: 722: 708: 10823:Battles of World War II involving Germany 7372:"Fall of Berlin: Stopping the Nazi Heart" 6802: 6503: 6388: 6307: 6294:(2nd ed.), McFarland & Company, 6237: 5992: 5944: 5632: 5608: 5521: 5486: 5107: 4884: 4519: 4325: 3892: 3607:At dawn on 28 April, the youth divisions 3398: 2809: 2802:In the meantime, RAF Mosquitos conducted 2677: 5 infantry divisions (Polish) 2502: 5 infantry divisions (Polish) 1914:In the south, Soviet and Romanian forces 213: 6980: 6564: 6539: 6521: 5450: 5378: 5103: 4799: 4745: 4733: 4687: 4579: 4435: 4124: 4116: 3753: 3742: 3734: 3701: 3666: 3632: 3546: 3429: 3331: 3327: 3254: 3102:. To the north-east of the city was the 3069:. Many of the 40,000 elderly men of the 3020: 2944: 2857: 2722: 2686: 9 guards mechanized brigades 2511: 6 guards mechanized brigades 2354: 2346: 2190:Order of battle for the Battle of Berlin 2008: 1844: 7088:Battle for the Seelow Heights – Part II 6932: 6909:"Iconic Red Army Reichstag Photo Faked" 6771:(in German), Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 6748: 6739: 6724:The Mammoth Book of Eye-witness History 6682:Lavrenov, Sergei; Popov, Igor (2000), 6582: 6410: 6268: 6219: 6064: 5932: 5881: 5438: 5414: 5262: 5258: 5155: 4615: 4603: 4555: 4543: 4495: 4150: 3898: 3420: 2976:I saw batteries preparing to open fire. 2422: 4 panzergrenadier divisions 2320: 1 motorized rifle battalion 2168:), 6,250 tanks, 7,500 aircraft, 41,600 2065:screen. Instead, Heinrici arranged for 14: 10780: 9260: 9238:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union 7328:The Battle for Berlin in World War Two 7084: 7056: 7030: 7018: 7006: 6950: 6921:from the original on 13 September 2008 6884: 6766: 6744:, vol. 6, Oxford University Press 6670:from the original on 15 September 2019 6660:Kutylowski, Denny (21 November 2011), 6466: 6443: 6432: 6370: 6352: 6197: 6175: 6152: 6104: 6052: 6040: 6028: 6016: 6004: 5956: 5920: 5908: 5852: 5816: 5801: 5789: 5777: 5765: 5753: 5741: 5705: 5693: 5681: 5666: 5649: 5620: 5593: 5581: 5569: 5557: 5545: 5533: 5502: 5490: 5474: 5462: 5426: 5390: 5361: 5346: 5334: 5322: 5310: 5298: 5286: 5274: 5254: 5242: 5230: 5218: 5206: 5191: 5179: 5167: 5143: 5131: 5119: 5099: 5075: 5058: 5043: 5019: 5007: 4995: 4978: 4966: 4939: 4927: 4915: 4896: 4872: 4855: 4838: 4826: 4814: 4787: 4760: 4721: 4704: 4675: 4663: 4651: 4639: 4627: 4567: 4531: 4507: 4483: 4447: 4408: 4396: 4384: 4372: 4313: 4301: 4286: 4274: 4239: 4222: 4205: 4188: 4154: 4143: 4137: 4120: 4103: 3949: 3918: 3578:69th Infantry Division (United States) 3151:ring railway on the north side of the 2683: 1 guards airborne division 2680: 3 guards cavalry divisions 2523: 2 motorized rifle brigades 2520: 1 armored brigade (Polish) 2505: 3 guards cavalry divisions 10109:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign 9541:Japanese invasion of French Indochina 9187:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union 9143:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union 8241:Rape during the occupation of Germany 7387: 7264:Read, Anthony; Fisher, David (1993), 7144: 7124:from the original on 15 February 2020 6962: 6823: 6721: 6327: 6076: 5896: 5489:, p. 239, states 3 am, and 5087: 4471: 4459: 4420: 4169: 3501:and north towards the Baltic port of 3486: 3360:) and Joseph Goebbels became the new 2704: 1 motorized rifle brigade 2104:On 9 April, after a long resistance, 1982:after the war, envisioning excessive 1812:divisions, along with poorly trained 1280: 703: 10734: 9231:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union 8256:Rape during the liberation of France 7339:from the original on 4 February 2020 6844: 6808:, RAF, 13 March 2006, archived from 6467:Glantz, David M. (11 October 2001), 6391:Berlin – Eine Stadt wie keine andere 5031: 4591: 3525:which had penetrated as far east as 3124:, was in Berlin's central district. 2695: 1 armored corps (Polish) 2610: 1 anti-aircraft division 2542: 2342: 2317: 7 guards rifle divisions 2199: 2085:position). These lines consisted of 1701:Berlin Strategic Offensive Operation 1306: 7117:Battle for Berlin: April – May 1945 6751:War, Economy and Society, 1939–1945 6613:, Poland: Bellona, pp. 65–67, 6141:from the original on 5 October 2008 4000:Imprisoned and tortured during the 3641:amid the ruins of Berlin, June 1945 3508:The German III Panzer Army and the 3233:and from the north ending near the 3098:. To the north of the city was the 3010: 2972:Drizzling rain began to fall. Near 2607: 1 SS grenadier division 2428: 1 SS grenadier division 1957:Miracle of the House of Brandenburg 533:2,300,000 soldiers (155,900–200,000 24: 9457:German invasion of the Netherlands 7730:Weather events during World War II 7354:By the eyes of a war correspondent 7106: 6907:Sontheimer, Michael (7 May 2008), 6753:, University of California Press, 6627:from the original on 3 August 2021 6611:Wojskowe Biuro Badań Historycznych 4642:, Preface xxxiv, and pp. 138, 325. 2958:On the walls of the houses we saw 2886:highway front line. Field Marshal 2537: 2194: 2183: 25: 10849: 10088:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan 7369:, (official channel on YouTube). 7200:: Six Weeks in the Conquered City 6829:(in Russian), rg.ru, 8 May 2007, 6690:] (in Russian), Moscow: ACT, 4177:raped by soldiers of the Red Army 3976:the end of World War II in Europe 3904:Weidling replaced Oberstleutnant 3887:Heinrici was replaced by General 3783:Medal "For the Capture of Berlin" 3283:and, shortly afterwards, married 3251:Raising a Flag over the Reichstag 3229:, from the south ending near the 3115:11th SS Panzergrenadier Division 2689: 3 mechanized brigades 2508: 3 mechanized brigades 1542:Bombing of Berlin in World War II 729: 78:Raising a Flag over the Reichstag 10760: 10743: 10715: 10703: 10691: 10648: 7413: 7379:. 27 June 2010. 26-minute video. 7229:, University of Michigan Press, 7149:, Berlin: Vergangenheitsverlag ( 6833:from the original on 19 May 2011 5480: 3730: 2642: 2625: 2604: 1 SS police division 2568: 2551: 2469: 2452: 2437: 1 parachute division 2419: 5 infantry divisions 2366: 2337: 2287: 2270: 2225: 2208: 2038:). On 6 March, Hitler appointed 1717:European theatre of World War II 1437: 798:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina 611: 601: 591: 508: 497: 487: 470: 458: 446: 434: 422: 404: 394: 387: 377: 366: 355: 336: 325: 314: 303: 282: 270: 259: 248: 237: 215: 198: 184: 70: 7299:The Journal of Military History 7227:West Germany Under Construction 6583:Ketchum, M. (6 December 2014), 5248: 5093: 4083: 4062: 4055:; his popularity led a jealous 4045: 4032: 4019: 4004:of 1937; reinstated during the 3994: 3981: 3845:German World War II strongholds 3792:for celebrations of the Soviet 3762:visited Berlin on May 11, 1945" 3408:(a bridge over the Havel) into 2898:and elements of the Red Army's 2431: 1 security division 2149:shifted the main weight of the 2004: 1537:Deportation of Jews from Berlin 36:Battle of Berlin (RAF campaign) 10335:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945 8038:Territorial changes of Germany 7946:Indonesian National Revolution 6967:, Cambridge University Press, 6937:, J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing, 6872:Rzheshevsky, Oleg A. (2002), 6605:Komorowski, Krzysztof (2009), 6508:, Princeton University Press, 6453:, University Press of Kansas, 6262:The Rape of Berlin (broadcast) 4654:, Ch. 47, loc. 14275 in ebook. 4059:to sideline him after the war. 3836:German Instrument of Surrender 3487:the battle for the city itself 2984:bridges, and the northern and 2598: 3 panzer divisions 2396: 6 panzer divisions 2077:by releasing the water from a 2028:German nuclear weapons program 1726:of January–February 1945, the 662:1,997 tanks and SPGs destroyed 95:(2 weeks and 2 days) 13: 1: 10813:Encirclements in World War II 9735:Japanese invasion of Thailand 9686:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 9450:German invasion of Luxembourg 7824:Mediterranean and Middle East 7215:The Russians and Berlin, 1945 7085:Zuljan, Ralph (1 July 2003), 6589:, KetchCetera, archived from 6522:Hamilton, A. Stephan (2008), 6413:Soldiers of the Leibstandarte 6395:Berlin – A City Like No Other 6127:Beevor, Antony (1 May 2002), 6097: 4042:'s director of civil defense. 3969:forces defeated the parts of 3122:18th Panzergrenadier Division 2425: 1 panzer division 2323: 3 tank battalions 2145:delta. To the south, Marshal 2141:, managed to escape into the 1992:United States Army Air Forces 1990:during 1945. During 1945 the 1840: 9642:Invasion of the Soviet Union 9331:Occupation of Czechoslovakia 8642:Independent State of Croatia 7033:"Chapter 17 Zone and Sector" 6789:, Harvard University Press, 6767:Müller, Rolf-Dieter (2008), 6290:Clodfelter, Micheal (2002), 6238:Bergstrom, Christer (2007), 3826:Soviet Union in World War II 3772:Marshals of the Soviet Union 3662: 3653: 2862:April 1945: a member of the 2739:Battle of the Seelow Heights 2434: 1 Jäger division 2047:Bruno Ritter von Hauenschild 1837:rather than to the Soviets. 1711:, was one of the last major 1504:Assassination of Talat Pasha 27:Not to be confused with the 7: 10626:End of World War II in Asia 10466:Western invasion of Germany 9973:Chinese famine of 1942–1943 9950:Second Battle of El Alamein 9520:Hundred Regiments Offensive 9492:Battle of the Mediterranean 9345:Italian invasion of Albania 7512:Air warfare of World War II 7225:Moeller, Robert G. (1997), 7202:Translated by Anthes Bell, 6688:The Fall of the Third Reich 6314:, New York: Bonanza Books, 6264:, by Ash, Lucy, BBC Radio 4 4091:Marshal of the Soviet Union 4078:Federal Republic of Germany 4040:Federal Republic of Germany 4010:Marshal of the Soviet Union 3814: 3374:the Air Ministry, built of 2698: 4 tank brigades 2514: 7 tank brigades 1621:Federal Republic of Germany 10: 10854: 10552:Naval bombardment of Japan 9920:First Battle of El Alamein 9839:Battle of Christmas Island 9784:Japanese invasion of Burma 9548:Italian invasion of Greece 9464:German invasion of Belgium 9436:German invasion of Denmark 9409:1939–1940 Winter Offensive 9278:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 7535:Comparative military ranks 6417:J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing 6274:Hitler: A Study in Tyranny 4012:for his leadership during 3566:58th Guards Rifle Division 3540: 3248: 3014: 2730: 2613: 2 Kampfgruppen 2258:2 volksgrenadier divisions 2187: 1962:No plans were made by the 1901:attempted a counter-attack 1447:Margraviate of Brandenburg 33: 26: 10641: 10473:Bratislava–Brno offensive 10413: 10404:Dutch famine of 1944–1945 10141: 10028:Allied invasion of Sicily 9982: 9888:Aleutian Islands campaign 9860:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign 9807: 9798:Greek famine of 1941–1944 9693:Second Battle of Changsha 9598:German invasion of Greece 9566: 9443:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang 9418: 9356: 9251: 9132: 8858: 8768: 8609: 8312: 8303: 8061: 7886: 7778:North and Central Pacific 7739: 7501: 7494: 7421: 7137:The Battle of Berlin 1945 7071:10.1017/S0008938900001266 7012:'The Polish Army, 1939–45 6981:Williams, Andrew (2005), 6749:Milward, Alan S. (1980), 6704:Le Tissier, Tony (2005), 6504:Grossmann, Atina (2009), 6389:Engelmann, Bernt (1986), 6371:Empric, Bruce E. (2017), 6353:Empric, Bruce E. (2019), 6308:Dollinger, Hans (1967) , 6204:Weidenfeld & Nicolson 6178:Berlin: The Downfall 1945 6159:Berlin: The Downfall 1945 4773:Gregory & Gehlen 2009 4252:Murray & Millett 2000 4181:Lavrenov & Popov 2000 4008:of 1939–40; later made a 3840:Berlin Declaration (1945) 3301:12.8 cm FlaK 40 guns 3209:that within 24 hours the 2733:Battle of the Oder–Neisse 2719:Battle of the Oder–Neisse 2674:15 guards rifle divisions 2499:16 guards rifle divisions 2440: 1 Kampfgruppe 2178:Katyusha rocket launchers 1318: 739: 628: 521: 412: 230: 173: 85: 69: 57: 52: 10803:1945 in military history 10065:Allied invasion of Italy 10042:Solomon Islands campaign 9791:Third Battle of Changsha 9388:First Battle of Changsha 9294:Second Sino-Japanese War 8227:German military brothels 8093:United States war crimes 7059:Central European History 7031:Ziemke, Earl F. (1990), 7019:Ziemke, Earl F. (1969), 6873: 6683: 6411:Fischer, Thomas (2008), 6162:, Viking-Penguin Books, 5221:, pp. 291–292, 302. 4899:, pp. 255–256, 262. 3875: 3807:hoisted its flag on the 3768:Hero of the Soviet Union 3582:United States First Army 3536: 3523:United States Ninth Army 3476: 3273:Ministry of the Interior 3259:Battle for the Reichstag 3245:Battle for the Reichstag 3221:); from the south along 2926:speculated that General 2301:Second Belorussian Front 1831:end of the war in Europe 1827:Hitler committed suicide 1707:, and also known as the 551:41,600 artillery pieces. 10487:Second Guangxi campaign 10342:Philippines (1944–1945) 9846:Battle of the Coral Sea 9749:Fall of the Philippines 9395:Battle of South Guangxi 9301:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 8700:Italian Social Republic 7175:Erickson, John (1983), 7145:Durie, William (2012), 7139:, London: Jonathan Cape 7135:Le Tissier, T. (1988), 6885:Simons, Gerald (1982), 6740:McInnis, Edgar (1946), 6722:Lewis, John E. (1998), 6220:Bellamy, Chris (2007), 6198:Beevor, Antony (2012), 6176:Beevor, Antony (2003), 3572:in 1st Ukrainian Front 3499:British 21st Army Group 3362:Chancellor of the Reich 3281:last will and testament 2988:stations,' he answered. 2823:. To the north between 2701:10 guards tank brigades 2517:10 guards tank brigades 2483:First Belorussian Front 2059:main east-west Autobahn 1974:, lost interest in the 1888:, under the command of 1611:Fall of the Berlin Wall 1532:Welthauptstadt Germania 650:280,251 sick or wounded 545:6,250 tanks and SP guns 10808:Berlin in World War II 10072:Armistice of Cassibile 9874:Battle of Dutch Harbor 9825:Battle of the Java Sea 9728:Attack on Pearl Harbor 9628:Syria–Lebanon campaign 9621:Battle of South Shanxi 9591:Invasion of Yugoslavia 9374:Battle of the Atlantic 8988:Korean Liberation Army 8694:(until September 1943) 8651:(until September 1944) 8629:(until September 1944) 7250:, Cambridge: Belknap, 6935:The Leibstandarte IV/2 6933:Tiemann, Ralf (1998), 6565:Hastings, Max (2005), 6333:Red Storm on the Reich 6105:Antill, Peter (2005), 5261:, pp. 42–43, and 4162:Vistula-Oder Offensive 4157:, pp. 149, 153). 3763: 3751: 3740: 3707: 3676: 3642: 3560: 3474: 3458: 3399:Breakout and surrender 3354:President of the Reich 3337: 3260: 3100:9th Parachute Division 3096:20th Infantry Division 3034: 2994: 2950: 2875: 2810:Encirclement of Berlin 2728: 2360: 2352: 2309:Konstantin Rokossovsky 2277:Konstantin Rokossovsky 2176:, 3,255 truck-mounted 2157:and north-west to the 2021:, had two objectives. 2014: 2013:German counter-attacks 1932:Lake Balaton Offensive 1890: 1855:Vistula–Oder Offensive 1850: 1724:Vistula–Oder offensive 1355:Encirclement of Berlin 691:125,000 civilians dead 676:Total: 917,000–925,000 665:2,108 artillery pieces 647:81,116 dead or missing 585:9,303 artillery pieces 255:Konstantin Rokossovsky 231:Commanders and leaders 10236:Second Battle of Guam 10132:Bengal famine of 1943 10102:Second Battle of Kiev 10058:Battle of the Dnieper 9763:Battle of Wake Island 9635:East African campaign 9577:Battle of South Henan 9222:atrocities by Germans 8995:Korean Volunteer Army 7969:Occupation of Germany 7723:Music in World War II 6963:White, Osmar (2003), 6375:, Teufelsberg Press, 6357:, Teufelsberg Press, 5969:Beevor & May 2002 3809:Berlin Victory Column 3757: 3746: 3738: 3705: 3670: 3636: 3550: 3462: 3449: 3441:Kurt von Tippelskirch 3430:Battle outside Berlin 3392:killed their children 3335: 3328:Battle for the centre 3293:Prinz-Albrechtstrasse 3258: 3159:under the command of 3024: 2956: 2948: 2861: 2726: 2656:First Ukrainian Front 2595:13 infantry divisions 2393:15 infantry divisions 2358: 2350: 2188:Further information: 2122:1st Belorussian Front 2114:2nd Belorussian Front 2052:On 20 March, General 2012: 1947:Franklin D. Roosevelt 1848: 1775:1st Belorussian Front 1592:Berlin Crisis of 1961 1477:Free State of Prussia 682:92,000–100,000 killed 629:Casualties and losses 441:2nd Belorussian Front 429:1st Belorussian Front 362:Kurt von Tippelskirch 130:52.51861°N 13.37611°E 93:16 April – 2 May 1945 10522:Surrender of Germany 10000:Battle of West Hubei 9957:Guadalcanal campaign 9927:Battle of Stalingrad 9853:Battle of Madagascar 8620:Albania protectorate 8407:(formerly Swaziland) 8116:Wehrmacht war crimes 7932:Expulsion of Germans 7716:Art and World War II 7614:British contribution 7563:Governments in exile 7213:Kuby, Erich (1968), 6951:Wagner, Ray (1974), 6856:Simon & Schuster 6526:, Helion & Co., 6200:The Second World War 5935:, pp. 660, 670. 5831:, pp. 157, 158. 5453:, pp. 324, 325. 5441:, pp. 799, 800. 5209:, pp. 259, 297. 4582:, pp. 310, 311. 4183:, pp. 374–375; 3921:, pp. 258–259). 3421:Hitler's Nero Decree 3279:, Hitler signed his 3227:Belle-Alliance-Platz 3225:ending north of the 3157:French SS volunteers 3141:1st Guards Tank Army 2845:2nd Guards Tank Army 2833:Hasso von Manteuffel 2411:General of Infantry 2252:4 infantry divisions 2247:Hasso von Manteuffel 2215:Hasso von Manteuffel 2131:Dietrich von Saucken 1769:. On 20 April 1945, 1736:Operation Clausewitz 1699:, designated as the 1605:Tear down this wall! 1598:Ich bin ein Berliner 1402:Brandenburg–Rathenow 537:Polish People's Army 10612:Potsdam Declaration 10501:Italy (Spring 1945) 10264:Liberation of Paris 9721:Siege of Sevastopol 8732:(until August 1944) 8635:Wang Jingwei regime 8457:from September 1943 8417:from September 1944 8355:from September 1944 8215:Romanian war crimes 8206:Persecution of Jews 8192:Croatian war crimes 8162:Japanese war crimes 7976:Occupation of Japan 7925:First Indochina War 7637:Military production 7549:Declarations of war 7268:, London: Pimlico, 7014:, Osprey Publishing 6893:, Time-Life Books, 6684:Крах Третьего рейха 6646:, Greenhill Books, 6477:on 18 February 2015 6224:, Alfred A. Knopf, 5959:, pp. 326–327. 5923:, pp. 388–393. 5708:, pp. 345–346. 5572:, pp. 125–126. 5560:, pp. 383–389. 5477:, pp. 385–386. 5393:, pp. 390–397. 5301:, pp. 371–373. 5289:, pp. 257–258. 5245:, pp. 303–304. 5233:, pp. 246–247. 4998:, pp. 310–312. 4858:, pp. 312–314. 4790:, pp. 217–233. 4775:, pp. 207–208. 4558:, pp. 778–781. 4462:, pp. 176–188. 4411:, pp. 400–405. 4025:After release from 4014:Operation Bagration 3952:, pp. 398–407. 3776:Lyudmila S. Kravets 3681:Grigoriy Krivosheev 3376:reinforced concrete 3239:hand-to-hand combat 3077:. Hitler appointed 2980:'Centre of Berlin, 2878:The command of the 2151:1st Ukrainian Front 1980:sphere of influence 1790:1st Ukrainian Front 1655:Timeline of Berlin 1005:Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh 906:Barvenkovo–Lozovaya 644:(operational total) 514:Berlin Defence Area 453:1st Ukrainian Front 277:Stanisław Popławski 164:future East Germany 126: / 10605:Surrender of Japan 10438:Battle of Iwo Jima 10287:Belgrade offensive 9700:Siege of Leningrad 9584:Battle of Shanggao 9513:British Somaliland 9478:Dunkirk evacuation 9429:Norwegian campaign 9367:Invasion of Poland 9194:Japanese prisoners 8155:Italian war crimes 8086:British war crimes 8001:Soviet occupations 7785:South-West Pacific 7672:Allied cooperation 7630:Military equipment 7292:on 14 October 2007 7266:The Fall of Berlin 7244:Naimark, Norman M. 7179:, Westview Press, 6706:Slaughter at Halbe 6329:Duffy, Christopher 5732:, pp. 89, 90. 4423:, pp. 24, 25. 3799:Poland's official 3788:The design of the 3764: 3752: 3741: 3708: 3677: 3643: 3561: 3338: 3261: 3057:in the compulsory 3035: 2951: 2888:Ferdinand Schörner 2876: 2804:tactical air raids 2729: 2671:26 rifle divisions 2590:Ferdinand Schörner 2558:Ferdinand Schörner 2496:54 rifle divisions 2380:Army Group Vistula 2361: 2353: 2314:31 rifle divisions 2244:General of Panzer 2040:Lieutenant General 2015: 1886:Army Group Vistula 1884:The newly created 1851: 1740:Army Group Vistula 1635:History of Germany 1511:Greater Berlin Act 1457:Kingdom of Prussia 1200:Western Carpathian 1140:2nd Jassy–Kishinev 1110:1st Jassy–Kishinev 1095:Leningrad–Novgorod 1090:Dnieper–Carpathian 642:Archival research 493:Army Group Vistula 373:Ferdinand Schörner 135:52.51861; 13.37611 10833:April 1945 events 10793:Conflicts in 1945 10679: 10678: 10637: 10636: 10480:Battle of Okinawa 10379:Burma (1944–1945) 10213:Mariana and Palau 9993:Tunisian campaign 9818:Fall of Singapore 9742:Fall of Hong Kong 9485:Battle of Britain 9338:Operation Himmler 9247: 9246: 8911:Dutch East Indies 8547:Southern Rhodesia 8299: 8298: 8199:Genocide of Serbs 8102:German war crimes 8079:Soviet war crimes 8072:Allied war crimes 7918:Division of Korea 7897:Chinese Civil War 7695:Strategic bombing 7607:Manhattan Project 7282:Sanders, Ian J., 7275:978-0-7126-0695-0 7257:978-0-674-78405-5 7236:978-0-472-06648-3 7208:978-0-8050-7540-3 7198:A Woman in Berlin 7186:978-0-89158-795-8 7160:978-3-86408-068-5 7008:Zaloga, Steven J. 7000:978-0-340-83397-1 6974:978-0-521-53751-3 6944:978-0-921991-40-3 6900:978-0-8094-3406-0 6889:Victory in Europe 6865:978-0-671-40640-0 6796:978-0-674-00680-5 6778:978-3-421-06237-6 6760:978-0-520-03942-1 6733:978-0-7867-0534-4 6715:978-0-7509-3689-7 6666:, Polish Toledo, 6653:978-1-85367-280-4 6640:Krivosheev, G. F. 6620:978-83-7399-353-2 6593:on 3 October 2018 6576:978-0-330-49062-7 6558:978-0-333-90836-5 6533:978-1-906033-12-5 6515:978-0-691-14317-0 6497:978-1-935149-05-7 6460:978-0-7006-0899-7 6426:978-0-921991-91-5 6382:978-1-973498-60-5 6364:978-1-71097-069-2 6346:978-0-415-03589-7 6321:978-0-517-01313-7 6301:978-0-7864-1204-4 6283:978-0-14-013564-0 6276:, Penguin Books, 6253:978-1-903223-91-8 6231:978-0-375-41086-4 6213:978-0-316-02374-0 6191:978-0-14-028696-0 6169:978-0-670-03041-5 6120:978-1-84176-915-8 5417:, pp. 663–7. 5158:, pp. 42–43. 5122:, pp. 92–94. 5010:, pp. 87–88. 4957:, pp. 65–67. 3971:Army Group Centre 3865:Soviet war crimes 3472:on the defensive. 3380:Hermann von Salza 3207:Army high command 3164:Gustav Krukenberg 3111:Tempelhof Airport 3088:Reich Chancellery 2892:Battle of Bautzen 2784:Army Group Centre 2715: 2714: 2582:Army Group Centre 2534: 2533: 2388:Gotthard Heinrici 2351:Gotthard Heinrici 2334: 2333: 2255:3 naval divisions 2239:Third Panzer Army 2120:concentrated his 2087:anti-tank ditches 2054:Gotthard Heinrici 1988:bombing of Berlin 1916:besieged Budapest 1794:Army Group Centre 1744:Gotthard Heinrici 1691: 1690: 1639:History of Europe 1410: 1409: 1274: 1273: 698: 697: 503:Army Group Centre 310:Gotthard Heinrici 169: 168: 16:(Redirected from 10845: 10788:Battle of Berlin 10773: 10765: 10764: 10763: 10756: 10748: 10747: 10746: 10736: 10730:Battle of Berlin 10720: 10719: 10708: 10707: 10706: 10696: 10695: 10694: 10687: 10672: 10665: 10658: 10655:World portal 10653: 10652: 10628: 10621: 10614: 10607: 10598: 10591: 10584: 10575: 10568: 10561: 10554: 10547: 10540: 10531: 10524: 10517: 10515:Prague offensive 10510: 10508:Battle of Berlin 10503: 10496: 10489: 10482: 10475: 10468: 10461: 10454: 10452:Vienna offensive 10447: 10440: 10433: 10431:Battle of Manila 10426: 10406: 10397: 10388: 10381: 10372: 10365: 10358: 10351: 10344: 10337: 10330: 10321: 10312: 10305: 10296: 10289: 10282: 10275: 10266: 10259: 10252: 10245: 10238: 10231: 10224: 10215: 10208: 10199: 10190: 10181: 10174: 10172:Korsun–Cherkassy 10167: 10156: 10134: 10125: 10118: 10111: 10104: 10097: 10090: 10083: 10074: 10067: 10060: 10053: 10044: 10037: 10030: 10023: 10016: 10014:Bombing of Gorky 10009: 10002: 9995: 9975: 9968: 9959: 9952: 9945: 9936: 9929: 9922: 9915: 9904: 9897: 9890: 9883: 9881:Battle of Midway 9876: 9869: 9867:Battle of Gazala 9862: 9855: 9848: 9841: 9834: 9827: 9820: 9800: 9793: 9786: 9779: 9777:Battle of Borneo 9772: 9770:Malayan campaign 9765: 9758: 9751: 9744: 9737: 9730: 9723: 9716: 9714:Bombing of Gorky 9709: 9707:Battle of Moscow 9702: 9695: 9688: 9681: 9674: 9667: 9651: 9644: 9637: 9630: 9623: 9616: 9607: 9600: 9593: 9586: 9579: 9559: 9550: 9543: 9536: 9529: 9522: 9515: 9508: 9501: 9494: 9487: 9480: 9473: 9471:Battle of France 9466: 9459: 9452: 9445: 9438: 9431: 9411: 9404: 9397: 9390: 9383: 9376: 9369: 9347: 9340: 9333: 9326: 9324:Munich Agreement 9319: 9312: 9303: 9296: 9289: 9280: 9273: 9258: 9257: 9240: 9233: 9224: 9217: 9210: 9209:Soviet prisoners 9203: 9196: 9189: 9180: 9173: 9164: 9157: 9150: 9149:German prisoners 9145: 9125: 9116: 9109: 9102: 9097: 9090: 9083: 9076: 9069: 9062: 9055: 9048: 9041: 9034: 9027: 9020: 9013: 9006: 8997: 8990: 8983: 8976: 8969: 8962: 8955: 8948: 8941: 8934: 8927: 8920: 8913: 8906: 8899: 8892: 8885: 8878: 8871: 8851: 8844: 8837: 8830: 8823: 8816: 8809: 8802: 8795: 8788: 8781: 8761: 8754: 8747: 8740: 8733: 8725: 8718: 8711: 8702: 8695: 8687: 8680: 8678:French Indochina 8673: 8666: 8659: 8652: 8644: 8637: 8630: 8622: 8602: 8593: 8586: 8577: 8570: 8563: 8556: 8549: 8542: 8535: 8528: 8525:from August 1944 8516: 8509: 8502: 8495: 8488: 8481: 8474: 8467: 8460: 8448: 8441: 8434: 8427: 8420: 8408: 8400: 8393: 8386: 8379: 8372: 8365: 8358: 8346: 8339: 8332: 8325: 8310: 8309: 8290: 8283: 8276: 8269: 8262: 8251: 8236: 8229: 8222: 8217: 8208: 8201: 8194: 8185: 8178: 8171: 8169:Nanjing Massacre 8164: 8157: 8148: 8146:Nuremberg trials 8139: 8132: 8125: 8118: 8111: 8104: 8095: 8088: 8081: 8074: 8054: 8047: 8040: 8031: 8024: 8017: 8010: 8003: 7996: 7987: 7978: 7971: 7964: 7957: 7948: 7941: 7934: 7927: 7920: 7913: 7906: 7899: 7879: 7870: 7863: 7856: 7847: 7840: 7833: 7826: 7817: 7810: 7803: 7794: 7787: 7780: 7773: 7766: 7759: 7752: 7750:Asia and Pacific 7732: 7725: 7718: 7711: 7704: 7697: 7690: 7681: 7679:Mulberry harbour 7674: 7667: 7660: 7653: 7646: 7639: 7632: 7625: 7616: 7609: 7602: 7593: 7586: 7579: 7572: 7565: 7558: 7551: 7544: 7537: 7530: 7521: 7514: 7499: 7498: 7487: 7480: 7471: 7464: 7457: 7450: 7443: 7436: 7429: 7408: 7401: 7394: 7385: 7384: 7373: 7362: 7361:on 18 March 2007 7357:, archived from 7347: 7346: 7344: 7321: 7293: 7288:, archived from 7278: 7260: 7239: 7221: 7189: 7171: 7140: 7132: 7131: 7129: 7096: 7091:, archived from 7081: 7053: 7052: 7050: 7027: 7025:Ballantine Books 7015: 7003: 6988: 6977: 6959: 6947: 6929: 6928: 6926: 6903: 6892: 6881: 6880:(in Russian) (4) 6868: 6841: 6840: 6838: 6820: 6819: 6817: 6799: 6781: 6763: 6745: 6736: 6718: 6700: 6678: 6677: 6675: 6656: 6635: 6634: 6632: 6601: 6600: 6598: 6579: 6561: 6536: 6518: 6500: 6478: 6463: 6445:Glantz, David M. 6440: 6429: 6407: 6385: 6367: 6349: 6324: 6304: 6286: 6265: 6256: 6234: 6216: 6194: 6172: 6149: 6148: 6146: 6123: 6092: 6086: 6080: 6074: 6068: 6062: 6056: 6050: 6044: 6038: 6032: 6026: 6020: 6014: 6008: 6002: 5996: 5990: 5984: 5978: 5972: 5966: 5960: 5954: 5948: 5942: 5936: 5930: 5924: 5918: 5912: 5906: 5900: 5894: 5885: 5879: 5868: 5862: 5856: 5850: 5844: 5838: 5832: 5826: 5820: 5814: 5805: 5799: 5793: 5787: 5781: 5775: 5769: 5763: 5757: 5751: 5745: 5739: 5733: 5727: 5721: 5715: 5709: 5703: 5697: 5691: 5685: 5679: 5670: 5664: 5653: 5647: 5636: 5630: 5624: 5618: 5612: 5606: 5597: 5591: 5585: 5579: 5573: 5567: 5561: 5555: 5549: 5543: 5537: 5531: 5525: 5519: 5506: 5500: 5494: 5484: 5478: 5472: 5466: 5460: 5454: 5448: 5442: 5436: 5430: 5424: 5418: 5412: 5406: 5400: 5394: 5388: 5382: 5376: 5365: 5359: 5350: 5344: 5338: 5332: 5326: 5320: 5314: 5308: 5302: 5296: 5290: 5284: 5278: 5272: 5266: 5252: 5246: 5240: 5234: 5228: 5222: 5216: 5210: 5204: 5195: 5189: 5183: 5177: 5171: 5165: 5159: 5153: 5147: 5141: 5135: 5129: 5123: 5117: 5111: 5097: 5091: 5085: 5079: 5073: 5062: 5056: 5047: 5041: 5035: 5029: 5023: 5017: 5011: 5005: 4999: 4993: 4982: 4976: 4970: 4964: 4958: 4952: 4943: 4937: 4931: 4925: 4919: 4913: 4900: 4894: 4888: 4882: 4876: 4870: 4859: 4853: 4842: 4836: 4830: 4824: 4818: 4812: 4803: 4797: 4791: 4785: 4776: 4770: 4764: 4758: 4749: 4743: 4737: 4731: 4725: 4719: 4708: 4702: 4691: 4685: 4679: 4673: 4667: 4661: 4655: 4649: 4643: 4637: 4631: 4625: 4619: 4613: 4607: 4601: 4595: 4589: 4583: 4577: 4571: 4565: 4559: 4553: 4547: 4541: 4535: 4529: 4523: 4517: 4511: 4505: 4499: 4493: 4487: 4481: 4475: 4469: 4463: 4457: 4451: 4445: 4439: 4433: 4424: 4418: 4412: 4406: 4400: 4394: 4388: 4382: 4376: 4370: 4361: 4355: 4344: 4338: 4329: 4323: 4317: 4311: 4305: 4299: 4290: 4284: 4278: 4272: 4255: 4249: 4243: 4237: 4226: 4220: 4209: 4203: 4193: 4185:Rzheshevsky 2002 4172:, p. 275). 4166:penal battalions 4147: 4141: 4134: 4128: 4113: 4107: 4100: 4094: 4087: 4081: 4066: 4060: 4049: 4043: 4036: 4030: 4023: 4017: 3998: 3992: 3985: 3979: 3963:Prague Offensive 3959: 3953: 3945: 3939: 3932:LVI Panzer Corps 3928: 3922: 3915: 3909: 3902: 3896: 3885: 3860:Prague Offensive 3831:Siege of Breslau 3673:Unter den Linden 3639:Brandenburg Gate 3483:encircled Berlin 3406:Charlottenbrücke 3291:headquarters on 3161:SS Brigadeführer 3145:LVI Panzer Corps 3104:Panzer Division 3080:SS Brigadeführer 3017:Battle in Berlin 3011:Battle in Berlin 2999:Helmuth Weidling 2874:, outside Berlin 2839:. The next day, 2727:Berlin offensive 2647: 2646: 2629: 2573: 2572: 2555: 2543: 2474: 2473: 2456: 2385:Colonel General 2371: 2370: 2343: 2292: 2291: 2274: 2230: 2229: 2212: 2200: 2126:Frankfurt (Oder) 1936:Vienna Offensive 1897:Heinrich Himmler 1895: 1798:Helmuth Weidling 1697:Battle of Berlin 1683: 1676: 1669: 1627: 1626: 1564: 1547:Battle of Berlin 1524: 1491: 1481: 1471: 1461: 1451: 1441: 1431: 1413: 1412: 1365:Spremberg–Torgau 1313: 1311: 1310:Berlin Offensive 1301: 1294: 1287: 1278: 1277: 1166:Petsamo–Kirkenes 1044:Belgorod-Kharkov 1010:Voronezh–Kharkov 734: 724: 717: 710: 701: 700: 688:480,000 captured 658:Material losses: 615: 605: 595: 573:766,750 soldiers 539: 530:Total strength: 513: 512: 501: 491: 475: 474: 463: 462: 451: 450: 439: 438: 427: 426: 408: 401:Helmuth Weidling 399: 398: 391: 384:Hellmuth Reymann 382: 381: 371: 370: 360: 359: 351: 343:Wilhelm Burgdorf 341: 340: 330: 329: 319: 318: 308: 307: 299: 287: 286: 275: 274: 273: 264: 263: 253: 252: 242: 241: 225: 221: 219: 218: 203: 202: 201: 190: 188: 187: 141: 140: 138: 137: 136: 131: 127: 124: 123: 122: 119: 87: 86: 74: 53:Battle of Berlin 50: 49: 29:Battle in Berlin 21: 18:Berlin Offensive 10853: 10852: 10848: 10847: 10846: 10844: 10843: 10842: 10838:May 1945 events 10798:1945 in Germany 10778: 10777: 10776: 10772:from Wikisource 10766: 10761: 10759: 10749: 10744: 10742: 10739: 10735:sister projects 10732:at Knowledge's 10726: 10714: 10704: 10702: 10692: 10690: 10682: 10680: 10675: 10668: 10661: 10647: 10645: 10633: 10624: 10617: 10610: 10603: 10594: 10587: 10580: 10571: 10566:Atomic bombings 10564: 10557: 10550: 10543: 10536: 10527: 10520: 10513: 10506: 10499: 10492: 10485: 10478: 10471: 10464: 10457: 10450: 10443: 10436: 10429: 10422: 10409: 10402: 10391: 10384: 10377: 10368: 10361: 10354: 10347: 10340: 10333: 10324: 10315: 10308: 10299: 10292: 10285: 10278: 10269: 10262: 10257:Eastern Romania 10255: 10250:Warsaw Uprising 10248: 10243:Tannenberg Line 10241: 10234: 10229:Western Ukraine 10227: 10218: 10211: 10202: 10193: 10184: 10177: 10170: 10159: 10150: 10137: 10130: 10121: 10114: 10107: 10100: 10093: 10086: 10079: 10070: 10063: 10056: 10047: 10040: 10033: 10026: 10021:Battle of Kursk 10019: 10012: 10005: 9998: 9991: 9978: 9971: 9962: 9955: 9948: 9939: 9932: 9925: 9918: 9909: 9900: 9893: 9886: 9879: 9872: 9865: 9858: 9851: 9844: 9837: 9832:St Nazaire Raid 9830: 9823: 9816: 9803: 9796: 9789: 9782: 9775: 9768: 9761: 9754: 9747: 9740: 9733: 9726: 9719: 9712: 9705: 9698: 9691: 9684: 9677: 9670: 9656: 9647: 9640: 9633: 9626: 9619: 9614:Anglo-Iraqi War 9612: 9605:Battle of Crete 9603: 9596: 9589: 9582: 9575: 9562: 9553: 9546: 9539: 9534:Eastern Romania 9532: 9525: 9518: 9511: 9504: 9497: 9490: 9483: 9476: 9469: 9462: 9455: 9448: 9441: 9434: 9427: 9414: 9407: 9400: 9393: 9386: 9379: 9372: 9365: 9352: 9343: 9336: 9329: 9322: 9315: 9308: 9299: 9292: 9285: 9276: 9269: 9243: 9236: 9229: 9220: 9213: 9208: 9199: 9192: 9185: 9176: 9169: 9160: 9153: 9148: 9141: 9128: 9121: 9112: 9105: 9100: 9095:Western Ukraine 9093: 9086: 9079: 9072: 9065: 9058: 9051: 9044: 9039:Northeast China 9037: 9030: 9023: 9016: 9009: 9002: 8993: 8986: 8979: 8972: 8965: 8958: 8951: 8944: 8937: 8930: 8923: 8916: 8909: 8902: 8895: 8888: 8881: 8874: 8867: 8854: 8847: 8840: 8833: 8826: 8819: 8812: 8805: 8798: 8791: 8784: 8777: 8764: 8757: 8750: 8743: 8738:Slovak Republic 8736: 8728: 8721: 8714: 8709:Empire of Japan 8707: 8698: 8690: 8683: 8676: 8669: 8662: 8655: 8647: 8640: 8633: 8625: 8618: 8605: 8598: 8589: 8582: 8573: 8566: 8559: 8552: 8545: 8538: 8531: 8519: 8512: 8505: 8498: 8491: 8484: 8477: 8470: 8463: 8451: 8444: 8437: 8430: 8423: 8411: 8403: 8396: 8389: 8382: 8375: 8368: 8361: 8349: 8342: 8335: 8328: 8321: 8295: 8286: 8279: 8272: 8265: 8254: 8239: 8232: 8225: 8221:Sexual violence 8220: 8213: 8204: 8197: 8190: 8181: 8174: 8167: 8160: 8153: 8144: 8135: 8128: 8121: 8114: 8107: 8100: 8091: 8084: 8077: 8070: 8057: 8050: 8043: 8036: 8027: 8020: 8013: 8006: 7999: 7990: 7981: 7974: 7967: 7960: 7951: 7944: 7939:Greek Civil War 7937: 7930: 7923: 7916: 7909: 7902: 7895: 7882: 7875: 7866: 7859: 7852: 7843: 7836: 7829: 7822: 7813: 7806: 7799: 7790: 7783: 7776: 7769: 7764:South-East Asia 7762: 7755: 7748: 7735: 7728: 7721: 7714: 7707: 7700: 7693: 7686: 7677: 7670: 7663: 7656: 7649: 7642: 7635: 7628: 7623:Military awards 7621: 7612: 7605: 7598: 7589: 7582: 7575: 7568: 7561: 7554: 7547: 7540: 7533: 7526: 7517: 7510: 7490: 7483: 7476: 7467: 7460: 7453: 7448: 7439: 7432: 7425: 7417: 7412: 7382: 7371: 7367:RT (TV network) 7350: 7342: 7340: 7325:Tilman, Remme, 7324: 7296: 7281: 7276: 7263: 7258: 7242: 7237: 7224: 7212: 7187: 7174: 7161: 7134: 7127: 7125: 7113: 7109: 7107:Further reading 7104: 7101:on 1 July 2003. 7048: 7046: 7045:on 3 April 2019 7001: 6985:D-Day to Berlin 6975: 6945: 6924: 6922: 6901: 6875: 6866: 6851:The Last Battle 6846:Ryan, Cornelius 6836: 6834: 6815: 6813: 6812:on 28 July 2012 6797: 6787:A War to be Won 6779: 6761: 6734: 6716: 6698: 6685: 6673: 6671: 6663:Polish Holidays 6654: 6630: 6628: 6621: 6596: 6594: 6577: 6559: 6534: 6516: 6498: 6461: 6427: 6405: 6383: 6365: 6347: 6322: 6302: 6284: 6254: 6232: 6214: 6192: 6170: 6144: 6142: 6121: 6100: 6095: 6089:Kutylowski 2011 6087: 6083: 6075: 6071: 6063: 6059: 6051: 6047: 6039: 6035: 6027: 6023: 6015: 6011: 6003: 5999: 5991: 5987: 5981:Budnitskii 2015 5979: 5975: 5967: 5963: 5955: 5951: 5943: 5939: 5931: 5927: 5919: 5915: 5907: 5903: 5895: 5888: 5880: 5871: 5865:Clodfelter 2002 5863: 5859: 5851: 5847: 5841:Krivosheev 1997 5839: 5835: 5829:Krivosheev 1997 5827: 5823: 5815: 5808: 5800: 5796: 5788: 5784: 5776: 5772: 5764: 5760: 5752: 5748: 5740: 5736: 5730:Le Tissier 2005 5728: 5724: 5718:Le Tissier 2005 5716: 5712: 5704: 5700: 5692: 5688: 5680: 5673: 5665: 5656: 5648: 5639: 5631: 5627: 5619: 5615: 5607: 5600: 5592: 5588: 5580: 5576: 5568: 5564: 5556: 5552: 5544: 5540: 5532: 5528: 5520: 5509: 5501: 5497: 5485: 5481: 5473: 5469: 5461: 5457: 5449: 5445: 5437: 5433: 5425: 5421: 5413: 5409: 5403:Sontheimer 2008 5401: 5397: 5389: 5385: 5377: 5368: 5360: 5353: 5345: 5341: 5333: 5329: 5321: 5317: 5309: 5305: 5297: 5293: 5285: 5281: 5273: 5269: 5253: 5249: 5241: 5237: 5229: 5225: 5217: 5213: 5205: 5198: 5190: 5186: 5178: 5174: 5166: 5162: 5154: 5150: 5142: 5138: 5130: 5126: 5118: 5114: 5098: 5094: 5086: 5082: 5074: 5065: 5057: 5050: 5042: 5038: 5030: 5026: 5018: 5014: 5006: 5002: 4994: 4985: 4977: 4973: 4965: 4961: 4955:Komorowski 2009 4953: 4946: 4938: 4934: 4926: 4922: 4914: 4903: 4895: 4891: 4883: 4879: 4871: 4862: 4854: 4845: 4837: 4833: 4825: 4821: 4813: 4806: 4798: 4794: 4786: 4779: 4771: 4767: 4759: 4752: 4744: 4740: 4732: 4728: 4720: 4711: 4703: 4694: 4686: 4682: 4674: 4670: 4662: 4658: 4650: 4646: 4638: 4634: 4626: 4622: 4614: 4610: 4602: 4598: 4590: 4586: 4578: 4574: 4566: 4562: 4554: 4550: 4542: 4538: 4530: 4526: 4518: 4514: 4506: 4502: 4494: 4490: 4482: 4478: 4470: 4466: 4458: 4454: 4446: 4442: 4434: 4427: 4419: 4415: 4407: 4403: 4395: 4391: 4383: 4379: 4371: 4364: 4358:Krivosheev 1997 4356: 4347: 4341:Krivosheev 1997 4339: 4332: 4324: 4320: 4312: 4308: 4300: 4293: 4285: 4281: 4273: 4258: 4250: 4246: 4238: 4229: 4221: 4212: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4148: 4144: 4140:, p. 287). 4135: 4131: 4127:, p. 548). 4114: 4110: 4106:, p. 287). 4101: 4097: 4088: 4084: 4067: 4063: 4050: 4046: 4037: 4033: 4024: 4020: 3999: 3995: 3986: 3982: 3960: 3956: 3946: 3942: 3929: 3925: 3916: 3912: 3903: 3899: 3895:, p. 228). 3886: 3882: 3878: 3817: 3733: 3665: 3656: 3570:5th Guards Army 3564:Meanwhile, the 3553:East Meets West 3545: 3543:Battle of Halbe 3539: 3510:German XXI Army 3479: 3432: 3423: 3401: 3358:Reichspräsident 3330: 3253: 3247: 3231:Potsdamer Platz 3175:8th Guards Army 3120:. The reserve, 3028:men armed with 3019: 3013: 2991: 2989: 2986:Stettin railway 2979: 2977: 2971: 2963: 2912:Army Detachment 2904:5th Guards Army 2896:2nd Polish Army 2837:III Panzer Army 2812: 2797:Battle of Halbe 2760:3rd Guards Army 2743:pitched battles 2735: 2721: 2716: 2641: 2637: 2636: 2635: 2634: 2633: 2630: 2567: 2563: 2562: 2561: 2560: 2559: 2556: 2540: 2538:Southern sector 2535: 2468: 2464: 2463: 2462: 2461: 2460: 2457: 2365: 2340: 2335: 2286: 2282: 2281: 2280: 2279: 2278: 2275: 2224: 2220: 2219: 2218: 2217: 2216: 2213: 2197: 2195:Northern sector 2192: 2186: 2184:Opposing forces 2166:1st Polish Army 2069:to fortify the 2043:Helmuth Reymann 2007: 1926:and regain the 1892:Reichsführer-SS 1843: 1693: 1692: 1687: 1624: 1623: 1586:Berlin Blockade 1562: 1522: 1489: 1487:Weimar Republic 1479: 1469: 1459: 1449: 1429: 1422: 1411: 1406: 1360:Cottbus–Potsdam 1345:Stettin–Rostock 1314: 1309: 1307: 1305: 1275: 1270: 1264:Prague uprising 1247:Bratislava–Brno 1237:Moravia–Ostrava 1127:Lvov–Sandomierz 955:Rzhev–Sychyovka 783:Białystok–Minsk 735: 730: 728: 694: 685:220,000 wounded 671: 653: 643: 624: 567:Total strength: 561: 535: 534: 517: 507: 481: 477:2nd Polish Army 469: 465:1st Polish Army 457: 445: 433: 421: 393: 392: 376: 375: 365: 364: 354: 353: 347: 335: 334: 324: 323: 313: 312: 302: 301: 295: 281: 271: 269: 268: 258: 257: 247: 246: 236: 216: 214: 209: 199: 197: 185: 183: 155: 134: 132: 128: 125: 120: 117: 115: 113: 112: 111: 94: 75: 44: 39: 32: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10851: 10841: 10840: 10835: 10830: 10825: 10820: 10815: 10810: 10805: 10800: 10795: 10790: 10775: 10774: 10757: 10728: 10725: 10724: 10712: 10700: 10677: 10676: 10674: 10673: 10666: 10659: 10642: 10639: 10638: 10635: 10634: 10632: 10631: 10630: 10629: 10622: 10615: 10601: 10600: 10599: 10585: 10582:South Sakhalin 10578: 10577: 10576: 10562: 10555: 10548: 10541: 10534: 10533: 10532: 10518: 10511: 10504: 10497: 10490: 10483: 10476: 10469: 10462: 10455: 10448: 10441: 10434: 10427: 10419: 10417: 10411: 10410: 10408: 10407: 10400: 10399: 10398: 10382: 10375: 10374: 10373: 10359: 10352: 10345: 10338: 10331: 10322: 10313: 10306: 10297: 10290: 10283: 10276: 10267: 10260: 10253: 10246: 10239: 10232: 10225: 10216: 10209: 10200: 10191: 10182: 10175: 10168: 10157: 10147: 10145: 10139: 10138: 10136: 10135: 10128: 10127: 10126: 10119: 10105: 10098: 10091: 10084: 10077: 10076: 10075: 10061: 10054: 10045: 10038: 10031: 10024: 10017: 10010: 10007:Battle of Attu 10003: 9996: 9988: 9986: 9980: 9979: 9977: 9976: 9969: 9960: 9953: 9946: 9937: 9930: 9923: 9916: 9907: 9906: 9905: 9898: 9884: 9877: 9870: 9863: 9856: 9849: 9842: 9835: 9828: 9821: 9813: 9811: 9805: 9804: 9802: 9801: 9794: 9787: 9780: 9773: 9766: 9759: 9756:Battle of Guam 9752: 9745: 9738: 9731: 9724: 9717: 9710: 9703: 9696: 9689: 9682: 9679:Battle of Kiev 9675: 9668: 9654: 9653: 9652: 9638: 9631: 9624: 9617: 9610: 9609: 9608: 9594: 9587: 9580: 9572: 9570: 9564: 9563: 9561: 9560: 9551: 9544: 9537: 9530: 9523: 9516: 9509: 9502: 9495: 9488: 9481: 9474: 9467: 9460: 9453: 9446: 9439: 9432: 9424: 9422: 9416: 9415: 9413: 9412: 9405: 9398: 9391: 9384: 9377: 9370: 9362: 9360: 9354: 9353: 9351: 9350: 9349: 9348: 9341: 9334: 9327: 9320: 9306: 9305: 9304: 9297: 9283: 9282: 9281: 9266: 9264: 9255: 9249: 9248: 9245: 9244: 9242: 9241: 9234: 9227: 9226: 9225: 9218: 9206: 9205: 9204: 9190: 9183: 9182: 9181: 9178:United Kingdom 9174: 9167: 9166: 9165: 9146: 9138: 9136: 9130: 9129: 9127: 9126: 9119: 9118: 9117: 9110: 9098: 9091: 9084: 9077: 9070: 9063: 9056: 9049: 9042: 9035: 9028: 9021: 9014: 9007: 9000: 8999: 8998: 8991: 8977: 8970: 8963: 8956: 8949: 8942: 8935: 8928: 8921: 8914: 8907: 8900: 8893: 8886: 8879: 8872: 8864: 8862: 8856: 8855: 8853: 8852: 8845: 8838: 8831: 8824: 8817: 8810: 8803: 8796: 8789: 8782: 8774: 8772: 8766: 8765: 8763: 8762: 8755: 8748: 8741: 8734: 8726: 8719: 8712: 8705: 8704: 8703: 8688: 8681: 8674: 8667: 8660: 8653: 8645: 8638: 8631: 8623: 8615: 8613: 8607: 8606: 8604: 8603: 8596: 8595: 8594: 8580: 8579: 8578: 8575:British Empire 8568:United Kingdom 8564: 8557: 8550: 8543: 8536: 8529: 8517: 8510: 8503: 8496: 8489: 8482: 8475: 8468: 8461: 8449: 8442: 8435: 8428: 8421: 8409: 8401: 8394: 8387: 8384:Czechoslovakia 8380: 8373: 8366: 8359: 8347: 8340: 8333: 8326: 8318: 8316: 8307: 8301: 8300: 8297: 8296: 8294: 8293: 8292: 8291: 8284: 8281:Rape of Manila 8277: 8270: 8263: 8252: 8237: 8230: 8218: 8211: 8210: 8209: 8202: 8188: 8187: 8186: 8179: 8172: 8158: 8151: 8150: 8149: 8142: 8141: 8140: 8133: 8119: 8112: 8098: 8097: 8096: 8089: 8082: 8067: 8065: 8059: 8058: 8056: 8055: 8052:United Nations 8048: 8041: 8034: 8033: 8032: 8025: 8018: 8011: 7997: 7988: 7979: 7972: 7965: 7958: 7949: 7942: 7935: 7928: 7921: 7914: 7911:Decolonization 7907: 7900: 7892: 7890: 7884: 7883: 7881: 7880: 7873: 7872: 7871: 7857: 7850: 7849: 7848: 7841: 7834: 7820: 7819: 7818: 7811: 7797: 7796: 7795: 7788: 7781: 7774: 7767: 7760: 7745: 7743: 7737: 7736: 7734: 7733: 7726: 7719: 7712: 7705: 7698: 7691: 7684: 7683: 7682: 7675: 7661: 7654: 7647: 7640: 7633: 7626: 7619: 7618: 7617: 7603: 7596: 7595: 7594: 7587: 7584:United Kingdom 7580: 7566: 7559: 7552: 7545: 7538: 7531: 7524: 7523: 7522: 7507: 7505: 7496: 7492: 7491: 7489: 7488: 7481: 7474: 7473: 7472: 7465: 7458: 7446: 7445: 7444: 7430: 7422: 7419: 7418: 7411: 7410: 7403: 7396: 7388: 7381: 7380: 7364: 7351:White, Osmar, 7348: 7322: 7311:10.2307/120398 7305:(1): 135–153, 7294: 7279: 7274: 7261: 7256: 7240: 7235: 7222: 7210: 7190: 7185: 7172: 7159: 7142: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7102: 7095:on 25 May 2011 7082: 7065:(4): 398–407, 7054: 7028: 7016: 7004: 6999: 6978: 6973: 6960: 6948: 6943: 6930: 6904: 6899: 6882: 6869: 6864: 6842: 6821: 6800: 6795: 6782: 6777: 6764: 6759: 6746: 6737: 6732: 6719: 6714: 6701: 6696: 6679: 6657: 6652: 6636: 6619: 6602: 6580: 6575: 6562: 6557: 6537: 6532: 6519: 6514: 6501: 6496: 6479: 6464: 6459: 6441: 6430: 6425: 6408: 6403: 6386: 6381: 6368: 6363: 6350: 6345: 6325: 6320: 6305: 6300: 6287: 6282: 6266: 6257: 6252: 6235: 6230: 6217: 6212: 6195: 6190: 6173: 6168: 6154:Beevor, Antony 6150: 6124: 6119: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6093: 6081: 6069: 6057: 6045: 6033: 6021: 6019:, p. 419. 6009: 6007:, p. 303. 5997: 5995:, p. 267. 5993:Engelmann 1986 5985: 5973: 5961: 5949: 5945:Grossmann 2009 5937: 5925: 5913: 5911:, p. 409. 5901: 5899:, p. 126. 5886: 5884:, p. 670. 5869: 5867:, p. 515. 5857: 5855:, p. 271. 5845: 5833: 5821: 5819:, p. 397. 5806: 5804:, p. 395. 5794: 5792:, p. 378. 5782: 5780:, p. 350. 5770: 5768:, p. 120. 5758: 5756:, p. 119. 5746: 5744:, p. 330. 5734: 5722: 5720:, p. 117. 5710: 5698: 5696:, p. 350. 5686: 5684:, p. 129. 5671: 5654: 5652:, p. 128. 5637: 5635:, p. 228. 5633:Dollinger 1967 5625: 5623:, p. 338. 5613: 5611:, p. 266. 5609:Engelmann 1986 5598: 5596:, p. 391. 5586: 5584:, p. 386. 5574: 5562: 5550: 5548:, p. 406. 5538: 5536:, p. 405. 5526: 5524:, p. 239. 5522:Dollinger 1967 5507: 5505:, p. 391. 5495: 5487:Dollinger 1967 5479: 5467: 5465:, p. 381. 5455: 5443: 5431: 5429:, p. 358. 5419: 5407: 5395: 5383: 5381:, p. 311. 5366: 5364:, p. 380. 5351: 5349:, p. 377. 5339: 5337:, p. 375. 5327: 5325:, p. 343. 5315: 5313:, p. 349. 5303: 5291: 5279: 5277:, p. 340. 5267: 5247: 5235: 5223: 5211: 5196: 5184: 5182:, p. 243. 5172: 5170:, p. 223. 5160: 5148: 5146:, p. 111. 5136: 5134:, p. 313. 5124: 5112: 5108:Dollinger 1967 5092: 5090:, p. 465. 5080: 5063: 5061:, p. 353. 5048: 5036: 5034:, p. 436. 5024: 5022:, p. 275. 5012: 5000: 4983: 4981:, p. 248. 4971: 4969:, p. 345. 4959: 4944: 4932: 4920: 4918:, p. 337. 4901: 4889: 4885:RAF staff 2006 4877: 4860: 4843: 4841:, p. 255. 4831: 4829:, p. 247. 4819: 4817:, p. 244. 4804: 4802:, p. 468. 4792: 4777: 4765: 4763:, p. 426. 4750: 4748:, p. 322. 4738: 4736:, p. 293. 4726: 4709: 4692: 4690:, p. 292. 4680: 4678:, p. 140. 4668: 4666:, p. 166. 4656: 4644: 4632: 4630:, p. 219. 4620: 4618:, p. 115. 4608: 4606:, p. 303. 4596: 4594:, p. 135. 4584: 4572: 4570:, p. 194. 4560: 4548: 4546:, p. 753. 4536: 4534:, p. 196. 4524: 4522:, p. 198. 4520:Dollinger 1967 4512: 4500: 4498:, p. 200. 4488: 4476: 4474:, p. 293. 4464: 4452: 4440: 4438:, p. 295. 4425: 4413: 4401: 4389: 4377: 4375:, p. 673. 4362: 4360:, p. 263. 4345: 4343:, p. 157. 4330: 4328:, p. 117. 4326:Bergstrom 2007 4318: 4316:, p. 346. 4306: 4304:, p. 373. 4291: 4279: 4277:, p. 287. 4256: 4254:, p. 482. 4244: 4227: 4225:, p. 261. 4210: 4197: 4195: 4194: 4142: 4129: 4108: 4095: 4082: 4061: 4044: 4031: 4018: 3993: 3980: 3954: 3940: 3936:Seelow Heights 3923: 3910: 3897: 3893:Dollinger 1967 3879: 3877: 3874: 3873: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3833: 3828: 3823: 3816: 3813: 3790:Victory Banner 3760:Dnepropetrovsk 3732: 3729: 3664: 3661: 3655: 3652: 3622:Theodor Körner 3598:Czechoslovakia 3538: 3535: 3485:, and started 3478: 3475: 3466:Schwielow Lake 3431: 3428: 3422: 3419: 3400: 3397: 3329: 3326: 3305:Zoo flak tower 3265:3rd Shock Army 3246: 3243: 3219:Alexanderplatz 3147:, reached the 3133:5th Shock Army 3084:Wilhelm Mohnke 3015:Main article: 3012: 3009: 2919:kill himself. 2880:German V Corps 2811: 2808: 2731:Main article: 2720: 2717: 2713: 2712: 2708: 2707: 2706: 2705: 2702: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2675: 2672: 2660: 2659: 2638: 2631: 2624: 2623: 2622: 2621: 2620: 2618: 2617: 2616: 2615: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2605: 2602: 2599: 2596: 2585: 2564: 2557: 2550: 2549: 2548: 2547: 2546: 2541: 2539: 2536: 2532: 2531: 2527: 2526: 2525: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2486: 2465: 2458: 2451: 2450: 2449: 2448: 2447: 2445: 2444: 2443: 2442: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2426: 2423: 2420: 2409: 2402: 2401: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2383: 2362: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2332: 2331: 2327: 2326: 2325: 2324: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2304: 2283: 2276: 2269: 2268: 2267: 2266: 2265: 2263: 2262: 2261: 2260: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2242: 2221: 2214: 2207: 2206: 2205: 2204: 2203: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2185: 2182: 2135:German II Army 2071:Seelow Heights 2006: 2003: 1976:race to Berlin 1964:Western Allies 1938:they captured 1842: 1839: 1835:Western Allies 1792:broke through 1773:birthday, the 1763:Seelow Heights 1709:Fall of Berlin 1689: 1688: 1686: 1685: 1678: 1671: 1663: 1660: 1659: 1658: 1657: 1649: 1648: 1644: 1643: 1642: 1641: 1629: 1628: 1625:(1990–present) 1617: 1616: 1615: 1614: 1608: 1601: 1594: 1589: 1583: 1578: 1566: 1565: 1552: 1551: 1550: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1534: 1526: 1525: 1516: 1515: 1514: 1513: 1508: 1507: 1506: 1493: 1492: 1483: 1482: 1473: 1472: 1463: 1462: 1453: 1452: 1443: 1442: 1434: 1433: 1424: 1423: 1416: 1408: 1407: 1405: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1388: 1387: 1380:City of Berlin 1377: 1372: 1367: 1362: 1357: 1352: 1350:Seelow Heights 1347: 1342: 1337: 1335:Race to Berlin 1332: 1325: 1319: 1316: 1315: 1304: 1303: 1296: 1289: 1281: 1272: 1271: 1269: 1268: 1267: 1266: 1256: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1229: 1227:East Pomerania 1224: 1217: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1197: 1189: 1188: 1184: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1136: 1129: 1124: 1117: 1112: 1107: 1102: 1097: 1092: 1086: 1085: 1081: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1063: 1062: 1061: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1012: 1007: 1002: 994: 993: 989: 988: 981: 974: 969: 962: 957: 952: 947: 940: 935: 930: 925: 920: 918:Toropets–Kholm 915: 908: 903: 897: 896: 892: 891: 886: 881: 876: 871: 870: 869: 862: 857: 852: 847: 842: 837: 832: 825: 820: 815: 810: 805: 800: 795: 790: 785: 780: 767: 766: 762: 761: 756: 751: 745: 744: 740: 737: 736: 727: 726: 719: 712: 704: 696: 695: 693: 692: 689: 686: 683: 679: 672: 670: 669: 666: 663: 660: 654: 652: 651: 648: 645: 639: 636:Total: 361,367 631: 630: 626: 625: 623: 622: 609: 599: 589: 586: 583: 582:2,224 aircraft 580: 574: 571: 568: 564: 562: 560: 559: 552: 549: 548:7,500 aircraft 546: 543: 542: 541: 527: 524: 523: 519: 518: 516: 515: 505: 495: 484: 482: 480: 479: 467: 455: 443: 431: 418: 415: 414: 413:Units involved 410: 409: 332:Wilhelm Keitel 279: 233: 232: 228: 227: 210: 208: 207: 195: 179: 176: 175: 171: 170: 167: 166: 157: 151: 150: 149:Allied victory 147: 143: 142: 103: 101: 97: 96: 91: 83: 82: 67: 66: 55: 54: 48: 47: 42: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10850: 10839: 10836: 10834: 10831: 10829: 10826: 10824: 10821: 10819: 10816: 10814: 10811: 10809: 10806: 10804: 10801: 10799: 10796: 10794: 10791: 10789: 10786: 10785: 10783: 10771: 10770: 10758: 10754: 10753: 10741: 10740: 10737: 10731: 10723: 10718: 10713: 10711: 10701: 10699: 10689: 10688: 10685: 10671: 10667: 10664: 10660: 10657: 10656: 10651: 10644: 10643: 10640: 10627: 10623: 10620: 10616: 10613: 10609: 10608: 10606: 10602: 10597: 10593: 10592: 10590: 10589:Kuril Islands 10586: 10583: 10579: 10574: 10570: 10569: 10567: 10563: 10560: 10556: 10553: 10549: 10546: 10542: 10539: 10535: 10530: 10526: 10525: 10523: 10519: 10516: 10512: 10509: 10505: 10502: 10498: 10495: 10491: 10488: 10484: 10481: 10477: 10474: 10470: 10467: 10463: 10460: 10456: 10453: 10449: 10446: 10442: 10439: 10435: 10432: 10428: 10425: 10421: 10420: 10418: 10416: 10412: 10405: 10401: 10396: 10395: 10390: 10389: 10387: 10383: 10380: 10376: 10371: 10367: 10366: 10364: 10360: 10357: 10356:Syrmian Front 10353: 10350: 10346: 10343: 10339: 10336: 10332: 10329: 10328: 10323: 10320: 10319: 10314: 10311: 10307: 10304: 10303: 10302:Market Garden 10298: 10295: 10291: 10288: 10284: 10281: 10277: 10274: 10273: 10268: 10265: 10261: 10258: 10254: 10251: 10247: 10244: 10240: 10237: 10233: 10230: 10226: 10223: 10222: 10217: 10214: 10210: 10207: 10206: 10201: 10198: 10197: 10192: 10189: 10188: 10183: 10180: 10176: 10173: 10169: 10166: 10162: 10161:Monte Cassino 10158: 10155: 10154: 10149: 10148: 10146: 10144: 10140: 10133: 10129: 10124: 10120: 10117: 10113: 10112: 10110: 10106: 10103: 10099: 10096: 10092: 10089: 10085: 10082: 10078: 10073: 10069: 10068: 10066: 10062: 10059: 10055: 10052: 10051: 10046: 10043: 10039: 10036: 10032: 10029: 10025: 10022: 10018: 10015: 10011: 10008: 10004: 10001: 9997: 9994: 9990: 9989: 9987: 9985: 9981: 9974: 9970: 9967: 9966: 9961: 9958: 9954: 9951: 9947: 9944: 9943: 9938: 9935: 9931: 9928: 9924: 9921: 9917: 9914: 9913: 9908: 9903: 9899: 9896: 9892: 9891: 9889: 9885: 9882: 9878: 9875: 9871: 9868: 9864: 9861: 9857: 9854: 9850: 9847: 9843: 9840: 9836: 9833: 9829: 9826: 9822: 9819: 9815: 9814: 9812: 9810: 9806: 9799: 9795: 9792: 9788: 9785: 9781: 9778: 9774: 9771: 9767: 9764: 9760: 9757: 9753: 9750: 9746: 9743: 9739: 9736: 9732: 9729: 9725: 9722: 9718: 9715: 9711: 9708: 9704: 9701: 9697: 9694: 9690: 9687: 9683: 9680: 9676: 9673: 9669: 9665: 9664: 9659: 9655: 9650: 9646: 9645: 9643: 9639: 9636: 9632: 9629: 9625: 9622: 9618: 9615: 9611: 9606: 9602: 9601: 9599: 9595: 9592: 9588: 9585: 9581: 9578: 9574: 9573: 9571: 9569: 9565: 9558: 9557: 9552: 9549: 9545: 9542: 9538: 9535: 9531: 9528: 9527:Baltic states 9524: 9521: 9517: 9514: 9510: 9507: 9503: 9500: 9496: 9493: 9489: 9486: 9482: 9479: 9475: 9472: 9468: 9465: 9461: 9458: 9454: 9451: 9447: 9444: 9440: 9437: 9433: 9430: 9426: 9425: 9423: 9421: 9417: 9410: 9406: 9403: 9399: 9396: 9392: 9389: 9385: 9382: 9378: 9375: 9371: 9368: 9364: 9363: 9361: 9359: 9355: 9346: 9342: 9339: 9335: 9332: 9328: 9325: 9321: 9318: 9314: 9313: 9311: 9307: 9302: 9298: 9295: 9291: 9290: 9288: 9284: 9279: 9275: 9274: 9272: 9268: 9267: 9265: 9263: 9259: 9256: 9254: 9250: 9239: 9235: 9232: 9228: 9223: 9219: 9216: 9212: 9211: 9207: 9202: 9198: 9197: 9195: 9191: 9188: 9184: 9179: 9175: 9172: 9171:United States 9168: 9163: 9159: 9158: 9156: 9152: 9151: 9147: 9144: 9140: 9139: 9137: 9135: 9131: 9124: 9120: 9115: 9111: 9108: 9107:Quốc dân Đảng 9104: 9103: 9099: 9096: 9092: 9089: 9085: 9082: 9078: 9075: 9071: 9068: 9064: 9061: 9057: 9054: 9050: 9047: 9043: 9040: 9036: 9033: 9029: 9026: 9022: 9019: 9015: 9012: 9008: 9005: 9001: 8996: 8992: 8989: 8985: 8984: 8982: 8978: 8975: 8971: 8968: 8964: 8961: 8957: 8954: 8950: 8947: 8943: 8940: 8936: 8933: 8929: 8926: 8922: 8919: 8915: 8912: 8908: 8905: 8901: 8898: 8894: 8891: 8887: 8884: 8880: 8877: 8873: 8870: 8866: 8865: 8863: 8861: 8857: 8850: 8846: 8843: 8839: 8836: 8832: 8829: 8825: 8822: 8818: 8815: 8811: 8808: 8807:Liechtenstein 8804: 8801: 8797: 8794: 8790: 8787: 8783: 8780: 8776: 8775: 8773: 8771: 8767: 8760: 8759:Collaboration 8756: 8753: 8749: 8746: 8742: 8739: 8735: 8731: 8727: 8724: 8720: 8717: 8713: 8710: 8706: 8701: 8697: 8696: 8693: 8689: 8686: 8682: 8679: 8675: 8672: 8668: 8665: 8661: 8658: 8654: 8650: 8646: 8643: 8639: 8636: 8632: 8628: 8624: 8621: 8617: 8616: 8614: 8612: 8608: 8601: 8597: 8592: 8588: 8587: 8585: 8584:United States 8581: 8576: 8572: 8571: 8569: 8565: 8562: 8558: 8555: 8551: 8548: 8544: 8541: 8537: 8534: 8530: 8526: 8522: 8518: 8515: 8511: 8508: 8504: 8501: 8497: 8494: 8490: 8487: 8483: 8480: 8476: 8473: 8469: 8466: 8462: 8458: 8454: 8450: 8447: 8443: 8440: 8436: 8433: 8429: 8426: 8422: 8418: 8414: 8410: 8406: 8402: 8399: 8395: 8392: 8388: 8385: 8381: 8378: 8374: 8371: 8367: 8364: 8360: 8356: 8352: 8348: 8345: 8341: 8338: 8334: 8331: 8327: 8324: 8320: 8319: 8317: 8315: 8311: 8308: 8306: 8302: 8289: 8285: 8282: 8278: 8275: 8274:Comfort women 8271: 8268: 8264: 8261: 8258: / 8257: 8253: 8250: 8247: / 8246: 8243: / 8242: 8238: 8235: 8234:Camp brothels 8231: 8228: 8224: 8223: 8219: 8216: 8212: 8207: 8203: 8200: 8196: 8195: 8193: 8189: 8184: 8180: 8177: 8173: 8170: 8166: 8165: 8163: 8159: 8156: 8152: 8147: 8143: 8138: 8134: 8131: 8127: 8126: 8124: 8123:The Holocaust 8120: 8117: 8113: 8110: 8109:forced labour 8106: 8105: 8103: 8099: 8094: 8090: 8087: 8083: 8080: 8076: 8075: 8073: 8069: 8068: 8066: 8064: 8060: 8053: 8049: 8046: 8042: 8039: 8035: 8030: 8026: 8023: 8019: 8016: 8012: 8009: 8005: 8004: 8002: 7998: 7995: 7994: 7989: 7986: 7985: 7980: 7977: 7973: 7970: 7966: 7963: 7962:Marshall Plan 7959: 7956: 7955: 7950: 7947: 7943: 7940: 7936: 7933: 7929: 7926: 7922: 7919: 7915: 7912: 7908: 7905: 7901: 7898: 7894: 7893: 7891: 7889: 7885: 7878: 7874: 7869: 7865: 7864: 7862: 7858: 7855: 7851: 7846: 7842: 7839: 7835: 7832: 7828: 7827: 7825: 7821: 7816: 7815:Eastern Front 7812: 7809: 7808:Western Front 7805: 7804: 7802: 7798: 7793: 7789: 7786: 7782: 7779: 7775: 7772: 7768: 7765: 7761: 7758: 7754: 7753: 7751: 7747: 7746: 7744: 7742: 7738: 7731: 7727: 7724: 7720: 7717: 7713: 7710: 7706: 7703: 7702:Puppet states 7699: 7696: 7692: 7689: 7685: 7680: 7676: 7673: 7669: 7668: 7666: 7662: 7659: 7655: 7652: 7648: 7645: 7644:Naval history 7641: 7638: 7634: 7631: 7627: 7624: 7620: 7615: 7611: 7610: 7608: 7604: 7601: 7597: 7592: 7591:United States 7588: 7585: 7581: 7578: 7574: 7573: 7571: 7567: 7564: 7560: 7557: 7553: 7550: 7546: 7543: 7539: 7536: 7532: 7529: 7525: 7520: 7516: 7515: 7513: 7509: 7508: 7506: 7504: 7500: 7497: 7493: 7486: 7482: 7479: 7475: 7470: 7466: 7463: 7459: 7456: 7452: 7451: 7447: 7442: 7438: 7437: 7435: 7431: 7428: 7424: 7423: 7420: 7416: 7409: 7404: 7402: 7397: 7395: 7390: 7389: 7386: 7378: 7374: 7368: 7365: 7360: 7356: 7355: 7349: 7338: 7334: 7330: 7329: 7323: 7320: 7316: 7312: 7308: 7304: 7300: 7295: 7291: 7287: 7286: 7280: 7277: 7271: 7267: 7262: 7259: 7253: 7249: 7245: 7241: 7238: 7232: 7228: 7223: 7220: 7219:Hill and Wang 7216: 7211: 7209: 7205: 7201: 7199: 7194: 7191: 7188: 7182: 7178: 7173: 7170: 7166: 7162: 7156: 7152: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7123: 7119: 7118: 7112: 7111: 7100: 7094: 7090: 7089: 7083: 7080: 7076: 7072: 7068: 7064: 7060: 7055: 7044: 7040: 7039: 7034: 7029: 7026: 7022: 7017: 7013: 7009: 7005: 7002: 6996: 6992: 6987: 6986: 6979: 6976: 6970: 6966: 6961: 6958: 6954: 6949: 6946: 6940: 6936: 6931: 6920: 6916: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6902: 6896: 6891: 6890: 6883: 6879: 6870: 6867: 6861: 6857: 6853: 6852: 6847: 6843: 6832: 6828: 6827: 6822: 6811: 6807: 6806: 6801: 6798: 6792: 6788: 6783: 6780: 6774: 6770: 6765: 6762: 6756: 6752: 6747: 6743: 6738: 6735: 6729: 6725: 6720: 6717: 6711: 6707: 6702: 6699: 6697:5-237-05065-4 6693: 6689: 6680: 6669: 6665: 6664: 6658: 6655: 6649: 6645: 6641: 6637: 6626: 6622: 6616: 6612: 6608: 6603: 6592: 6588: 6587: 6581: 6578: 6572: 6568: 6563: 6560: 6554: 6550: 6546: 6542: 6541:Hastings, Max 6538: 6535: 6529: 6525: 6520: 6517: 6511: 6507: 6502: 6499: 6493: 6489: 6485: 6480: 6476: 6472: 6471: 6465: 6462: 6456: 6452: 6451: 6446: 6442: 6438: 6437: 6431: 6428: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6409: 6406: 6404:9783570014158 6400: 6396: 6392: 6387: 6384: 6378: 6374: 6369: 6366: 6360: 6356: 6351: 6348: 6342: 6338: 6334: 6330: 6326: 6323: 6317: 6313: 6312: 6306: 6303: 6297: 6293: 6288: 6285: 6279: 6275: 6271: 6270:Bullock, Alan 6267: 6263: 6258: 6255: 6249: 6245: 6241: 6236: 6233: 6227: 6223: 6218: 6215: 6209: 6205: 6201: 6196: 6193: 6187: 6183: 6182:Penguin Books 6179: 6174: 6171: 6165: 6161: 6160: 6155: 6151: 6140: 6136: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6122: 6116: 6112: 6108: 6103: 6102: 6090: 6085: 6078: 6073: 6066: 6061: 6055:, p. 44. 6054: 6049: 6042: 6037: 6030: 6025: 6018: 6013: 6006: 6001: 5994: 5989: 5982: 5977: 5970: 5965: 5958: 5953: 5947:, p. 51. 5946: 5941: 5934: 5929: 5922: 5917: 5910: 5905: 5898: 5893: 5891: 5883: 5878: 5876: 5874: 5866: 5861: 5854: 5849: 5842: 5837: 5830: 5825: 5818: 5813: 5811: 5803: 5798: 5791: 5786: 5779: 5774: 5767: 5762: 5755: 5750: 5743: 5738: 5731: 5726: 5719: 5714: 5707: 5702: 5695: 5690: 5683: 5678: 5676: 5669:, p. 94. 5668: 5663: 5661: 5659: 5651: 5646: 5644: 5642: 5634: 5629: 5622: 5617: 5610: 5605: 5603: 5595: 5590: 5583: 5578: 5571: 5566: 5559: 5554: 5547: 5542: 5535: 5530: 5523: 5518: 5516: 5514: 5512: 5504: 5499: 5492: 5488: 5483: 5476: 5471: 5464: 5459: 5452: 5451:Williams 2005 5447: 5440: 5435: 5428: 5423: 5416: 5411: 5404: 5399: 5392: 5387: 5380: 5379:Hamilton 2008 5375: 5373: 5371: 5363: 5358: 5356: 5348: 5343: 5336: 5331: 5324: 5319: 5312: 5307: 5300: 5295: 5288: 5283: 5276: 5271: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5251: 5244: 5239: 5232: 5227: 5220: 5215: 5208: 5203: 5201: 5194:, p. 93. 5193: 5188: 5181: 5176: 5169: 5164: 5157: 5152: 5145: 5140: 5133: 5128: 5121: 5116: 5109: 5105: 5104:Hamilton 2008 5101: 5096: 5089: 5084: 5078:, p. 92. 5077: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5060: 5055: 5053: 5046:, p. 89. 5045: 5040: 5033: 5028: 5021: 5016: 5009: 5004: 4997: 4992: 4990: 4988: 4980: 4975: 4968: 4963: 4956: 4951: 4949: 4942:, p. 78. 4941: 4936: 4930:, p. 88. 4929: 4924: 4917: 4912: 4910: 4908: 4906: 4898: 4893: 4886: 4881: 4875:, p. 84. 4874: 4869: 4867: 4865: 4857: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4840: 4835: 4828: 4823: 4816: 4811: 4809: 4801: 4800:Hastings 2005 4796: 4789: 4784: 4782: 4774: 4769: 4762: 4757: 4755: 4747: 4746:Williams 2005 4742: 4735: 4734:Williams 2005 4730: 4724:, p. 76. 4723: 4718: 4716: 4714: 4706: 4701: 4699: 4697: 4689: 4688:Williams 2005 4684: 4677: 4672: 4665: 4660: 4653: 4648: 4641: 4636: 4629: 4624: 4617: 4612: 4605: 4600: 4593: 4588: 4581: 4580:Williams 2005 4576: 4569: 4564: 4557: 4552: 4545: 4540: 4533: 4528: 4521: 4516: 4509: 4504: 4497: 4492: 4485: 4480: 4473: 4468: 4461: 4456: 4450:, p. 52. 4449: 4444: 4437: 4436:Hastings 2004 4432: 4430: 4422: 4417: 4410: 4405: 4399:, p. 85. 4398: 4393: 4387:, p. 95. 4386: 4381: 4374: 4369: 4367: 4359: 4354: 4352: 4350: 4342: 4337: 4335: 4327: 4322: 4315: 4310: 4303: 4298: 4296: 4289:, p. 28. 4288: 4283: 4276: 4271: 4269: 4267: 4265: 4263: 4261: 4253: 4248: 4242:, p. 71. 4241: 4236: 4234: 4232: 4224: 4219: 4217: 4215: 4208:, p. 27. 4207: 4202: 4198: 4192: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4173: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4156: 4152: 4146: 4139: 4133: 4126: 4125:Hastings 2005 4122: 4118: 4117:Hamilton 2008 4112: 4105: 4099: 4092: 4086: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4065: 4058: 4054: 4048: 4041: 4035: 4028: 4022: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3997: 3990: 3984: 3977: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3958: 3951: 3944: 3937: 3933: 3927: 3920: 3914: 3907: 3906:Ernst Kaether 3901: 3894: 3890: 3884: 3880: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3850:Mikhail Minin 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3818: 3812: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3797: 3795: 3791: 3786: 3784: 3779: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3761: 3756: 3749: 3745: 3737: 3731:Commemoration 3728: 3724: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3704: 3700: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3689:soup kitchens 3684: 3682: 3679:According to 3675:, 3 July 1945 3674: 3669: 3660: 3651: 3649: 3640: 3635: 3631: 3628: 3624: 3623: 3618: 3617: 3612: 3611: 3605: 3601: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3558: 3554: 3549: 3544: 3534: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3511: 3506: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3473: 3471: 3467: 3461: 3457: 3456:'s spearhead. 3455: 3454:Rudolf Holste 3448: 3445: 3442: 3438: 3427: 3418: 3414: 3411: 3407: 3396: 3393: 3387: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3371: 3369: 3368: 3367:Reichskanzler 3363: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3334: 3325: 3323: 3319: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3296: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3269:Moltke Bridge 3266: 3257: 3252: 3242: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3203:General Staff 3200: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3169:On 26 April, 3167: 3165: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3149:Berlin S-Bahn 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3127:On 23 April, 3125: 3123: 3119: 3118: 3112: 3108: 3107: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3082: 3081: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3067: 3062: 3061: 3056: 3052: 3051:Berlin Police 3048: 3047: 3042: 3041: 3033: 3032: 3027: 3023: 3018: 3008: 3005: 3000: 2993: 2987: 2983: 2975: 2969: 2964: 2961: 2955: 2947: 2943: 2941: 2935: 2933: 2929: 2928:Walther Wenck 2925: 2920: 2916: 2913: 2909: 2908:Felix Steiner 2905: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2873: 2872: 2871:Panzerschreck 2867: 2866: 2860: 2856: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2807: 2805: 2800: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2747: 2744: 2740: 2734: 2725: 2711: 2703: 2700: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2685: 2682: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2669: 2668: 2667: 2662: 2661: 2658: 2657: 2653: 2652: 2651: 2650: 2645: 2639: 2628: 2619: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2593: 2592: 2591: 2586: 2584: 2583: 2579: 2578: 2577: 2576: 2571: 2565: 2554: 2545: 2544: 2530: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2513: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2494: 2493: 2492: 2491:Georgy Zhukov 2487: 2485: 2484: 2480: 2479: 2478: 2477: 2472: 2466: 2459:Georgy Zhukov 2455: 2446: 2439: 2436: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2424: 2421: 2418: 2417: 2416: 2415: 2414:Theodor Busse 2410: 2408: 2407: 2403: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2391: 2390: 2389: 2384: 2382: 2381: 2377: 2376: 2375: 2374: 2369: 2363: 2359:Theodor Busse 2357: 2349: 2345: 2344: 2338:Middle sector 2330: 2322: 2319: 2316: 2313: 2312: 2311: 2310: 2305: 2303: 2302: 2298: 2297: 2296: 2295: 2290: 2284: 2273: 2264: 2257: 2254: 2251: 2250: 2249: 2248: 2243: 2241: 2240: 2236: 2235: 2234: 2233: 2228: 2222: 2211: 2202: 2201: 2191: 2181: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2162: 2160: 2156: 2155:Upper Silesia 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2118:Georgy Zhukov 2115: 2111: 2107: 2102: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2091:anti-tank gun 2088: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2055: 2050: 2048: 2044: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2024: 2020: 2011: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1984:friendly fire 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1960: 1958: 1954: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1942:on 13 April. 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1912: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1893: 1887: 1882: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1847: 1838: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1825:On 30 April, 1823: 1821: 1817: 1816: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1782:Georgy Zhukov 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1747: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1720: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1684: 1679: 1677: 1672: 1670: 1665: 1664: 1662: 1661: 1656: 1653: 1652: 1651: 1650: 1646: 1645: 1640: 1636: 1633: 1632: 1631: 1630: 1622: 1619: 1618: 1612: 1609: 1606: 1602: 1599: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1573: 1570: 1569: 1568: 1567: 1561: 1557: 1554: 1553: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1533: 1530: 1529: 1528: 1527: 1521: 1518: 1517: 1512: 1509: 1505: 1502: 1501: 1500: 1497: 1496: 1495: 1494: 1488: 1485: 1484: 1478: 1475: 1474: 1468: 1467:German Empire 1465: 1464: 1458: 1455: 1454: 1448: 1445: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1435: 1432: 1426: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1414: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1386: 1383: 1382: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1371: 1368: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1330: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1320: 1317: 1312: 1302: 1297: 1295: 1290: 1288: 1283: 1282: 1279: 1265: 1262: 1261: 1260: 1257: 1255: 1254: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1222: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1198: 1196: 1195: 1191: 1190: 1186: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1141: 1137: 1135: 1134: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1122: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1101: 1098: 1096: 1093: 1091: 1088: 1087: 1083: 1082: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1071: 1069: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1057: 1056: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1034: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1017: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1003: 1001: 1000: 996: 995: 991: 990: 987: 986: 985:Little Saturn 982: 980: 979: 975: 973: 972:Velikiye Luki 970: 968: 967: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 948: 946: 945: 941: 939: 936: 934: 931: 929: 926: 924: 921: 919: 916: 914: 913: 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 898: 894: 893: 890: 887: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 872: 868: 867: 863: 861: 858: 856: 853: 851: 848: 846: 843: 841: 838: 836: 833: 831: 830: 826: 824: 821: 819: 816: 814: 811: 809: 806: 804: 801: 799: 796: 794: 791: 789: 786: 784: 781: 779: 776: 775: 774: 773: 769: 768: 764: 763: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 746: 743:Naval warfare 742: 741: 738: 733: 732:Eastern Front 725: 720: 718: 713: 711: 706: 705: 702: 690: 687: 684: 681: 680: 678: 677: 673: 667: 664: 661: 659: 656: 655: 649: 646: 641: 640: 638: 637: 633: 632: 627: 621: 620: 614: 610: 608: 604: 600: 598: 597:Berlin police 594: 590: 587: 584: 581: 579: 575: 572: 569: 566: 565: 563: 557: 553: 550: 547: 544: 538: 532: 531: 529: 528: 526: 525: 520: 511: 506: 504: 500: 496: 494: 490: 486: 485: 483: 478: 473: 468: 466: 461: 456: 454: 449: 444: 442: 437: 432: 430: 425: 420: 419: 417: 416: 411: 407: 402: 397: 390: 385: 380: 374: 369: 363: 358: 352: 350: 344: 339: 333: 328: 322: 321:Felix Steiner 317: 311: 306: 300: 298: 292: 291: 285: 280: 278: 267: 262: 256: 251: 245: 244:Georgy Zhukov 240: 235: 234: 229: 226: 224: 211: 206: 196: 194: 193: 181: 180: 178: 177: 172: 165: 162: 159:Soviet Union 158: 153: 152: 148: 145: 144: 139: 110: 106: 102: 99: 98: 92: 89: 88: 84: 80: 79: 73: 68: 65: 61: 60:Eastern Front 56: 51: 46: 41: 37: 30: 19: 10767: 10755:from Commons 10750: 10729: 10710:Soviet Union 10663:Bibliography 10646: 10507: 10459:Project Hula 10424:Vistula–Oder 10393: 10326: 10317: 10301: 10271: 10220: 10204: 10195: 10186: 10152: 10049: 9964: 9940: 9910: 9661: 9554: 9499:North Africa 9201:Soviet Union 9155:Soviet Union 9081:Soviet Union 8849:Vatican City 8752:Vichy France 8657:German Reich 8554:Soviet Union 8540:South Africa 8533:Sierra Leone 8486:Newfoundland 8305:Participants 8288:Marocchinate 7992: 7983: 7953: 7831:North Africa 7792:Indian Ocean 7651:Nazi plunder 7542:Cryptography 7415:World War II 7359:the original 7353: 7341:, retrieved 7327: 7302: 7298: 7290:the original 7284: 7265: 7247: 7226: 7214: 7196: 7176: 7146: 7136: 7126:, retrieved 7116: 7114:Antill, P., 7093:the original 7087: 7062: 7058: 7047:, retrieved 7043:the original 7037: 7020: 7011: 6984: 6964: 6952: 6934: 6925:13 September 6923:, retrieved 6912: 6888: 6878:Мир истории 6877: 6850: 6835:, retrieved 6825: 6814:, retrieved 6810:the original 6804: 6786: 6768: 6750: 6741: 6723: 6705: 6687: 6672:, retrieved 6662: 6643: 6629:, retrieved 6610: 6595:, retrieved 6591:the original 6585: 6566: 6544: 6523: 6505: 6483: 6475:the original 6469: 6449: 6434: 6412: 6394: 6390: 6372: 6354: 6332: 6310: 6291: 6273: 6261: 6239: 6221: 6199: 6177: 6158: 6145:13 September 6143:, retrieved 6134:The Guardian 6132: 6106: 6084: 6072: 6065:Ketchum 2014 6060: 6048: 6043:, p. 8. 6036: 6031:, p. 5. 6024: 6012: 6000: 5988: 5976: 5964: 5952: 5940: 5933:Bellamy 2007 5928: 5916: 5904: 5882:Bellamy 2007 5860: 5848: 5843:, p. 3. 5836: 5824: 5797: 5785: 5773: 5761: 5749: 5737: 5725: 5713: 5701: 5689: 5628: 5616: 5589: 5577: 5565: 5553: 5541: 5529: 5498: 5482: 5470: 5458: 5446: 5439:Bullock 1962 5434: 5422: 5415:Bellamy 2007 5410: 5398: 5386: 5342: 5330: 5318: 5306: 5294: 5282: 5270: 5263:Tiemann 1998 5259:Fischer 2008 5250: 5238: 5226: 5214: 5187: 5175: 5163: 5156:Fischer 2008 5151: 5139: 5127: 5115: 5095: 5083: 5039: 5027: 5015: 5003: 4974: 4962: 4935: 4923: 4892: 4880: 4834: 4822: 4795: 4768: 4741: 4729: 4683: 4671: 4659: 4647: 4635: 4623: 4616:McInnis 1946 4611: 4604:Milward 1980 4599: 4587: 4575: 4563: 4556:Bullock 1962 4551: 4544:Bullock 1962 4539: 4527: 4515: 4510:, p. 9. 4503: 4496:Tiemann 1998 4491: 4486:, p. 8. 4479: 4467: 4455: 4443: 4416: 4404: 4392: 4380: 4321: 4309: 4282: 4247: 4201: 4174: 4158: 4151:Bellamy 2007 4145: 4132: 4111: 4098: 4085: 4072:in both the 4064: 4047: 4034: 4021: 3996: 3983: 3967:Czechoslovak 3957: 3943: 3926: 3913: 3900: 3889:Kurt Student 3883: 3798: 3787: 3780: 3765: 3725: 3709: 3685: 3678: 3657: 3644: 3620: 3614: 3608: 3606: 3602: 3590:Halbe pocket 3574:made contact 3562: 3552: 3507: 3490: 3480: 3463: 3459: 3450: 3446: 3437:Kurt Student 3433: 3424: 3415: 3402: 3388: 3372: 3365: 3357: 3352:became the " 3339: 3297: 3277:Führerbunker 3276: 3267:crossed the 3262: 3214: 3210: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3168: 3160: 3126: 3116: 3105: 3092:Führerbunker 3091: 3078: 3070: 3064: 3060:Hitlerjugend 3058: 3044: 3038: 3036: 3031:Panzerfausts 3029: 3025: 2995: 2965: 2957: 2952: 2936: 2921: 2917: 2877: 2869: 2863: 2813: 2801: 2748: 2736: 2709: 2664: 2655: 2648: 2640: 2588: 2587:Feldmarshal 2580: 2574: 2566: 2528: 2489: 2481: 2475: 2467: 2412: 2405: 2386: 2378: 2372: 2364: 2328: 2307: 2299: 2293: 2285: 2245: 2238: 2231: 2223: 2163: 2103: 2082: 2051: 2036:Black Forest 2019:East Germany 2016: 2005:Preparations 1961: 1952:Führerbunker 1950: 1944: 1920:Adolf Hitler 1913: 1883: 1867:East Prussia 1852: 1824: 1820:Hitler Youth 1813: 1748: 1721: 1708: 1705:Soviet Union 1700: 1696: 1694: 1560:East Germany 1556:West Germany 1546: 1520:Nazi Germany 1499:1920s Berlin 1328: 1308: 1252: 1251: 1232:Lake Balaton 1220: 1205:East Prussia 1194:Vistula–Oder 1192: 1138: 1131: 1119: 1065: 1054:2nd Smolensk 1031: 1015: 998: 984: 977: 964: 942: 910: 889:Air war 1941 864: 827: 803:1st Smolensk 770: 759:Arctic Ocean 675: 674: 668:917 aircraft 657: 635: 634: 617: 607:Hitler Youth 570:36 divisions 348: 296: 290:Adolf Hitler 288: 212: 192:Soviet Union 182: 174:Belligerents 76: 64:World War II 58:Part of the 45: 40: 10818:Last stands 10394:Bodenplatte 10280:Gothic Line 9506:West Africa 9053:Philippines 9032:Netherlands 8897:Czech lands 8835:Switzerland 8779:Afghanistan 8723:Philippines 8591:Puerto Rico 8507:Philippines 8493:New Zealand 8479:Netherlands 8432:Free France 8183:Prosecution 7984:Osoaviakhim 7854:West Africa 7838:East Africa 7485:Conferences 7343:20 December 6914:Der Spiegel 6107:Berlin 1945 6053:Empric 2017 6041:Empric 2019 6029:Empric 2019 6017:Beevor 2002 6005:Ziemke 1990 5957:Beevor 2002 5921:Beevor 2002 5909:Beevor 2002 5853:Glantz 1998 5817:Beevor 2002 5802:Beevor 2002 5790:Beevor 2002 5778:Beevor 2002 5766:Ziemke 1969 5754:Ziemke 1969 5742:Beevor 2002 5706:Beevor 2003 5694:Beevor 2003 5682:Ziemke 1969 5667:Ziemke 1969 5650:Ziemke 1969 5621:Beevor 2002 5594:Beevor 2002 5582:Beevor 2002 5570:Ziemke 1969 5558:Beevor 2002 5546:Beevor 2003 5534:Beevor 2003 5503:Beevor 2003 5491:Beevor 2003 5475:Beevor 2002 5463:Beevor 2003 5427:Beevor 2002 5391:Beevor 2003 5362:Beevor 2003 5347:Beevor 2003 5335:Beevor 2003 5323:Beevor 2002 5311:Beevor 2002 5299:Beevor 2003 5287:Beevor 2002 5275:Beevor 2002 5255:Beevor 2002 5243:Beevor 2002 5231:Beevor 2002 5219:Beevor 2002 5207:Beevor 2002 5192:Ziemke 1969 5180:Beevor 2002 5168:Beevor 2002 5144:Ziemke 1969 5132:Beevor 2002 5120:Ziemke 1969 5100:Beevor 2002 5076:Ziemke 1969 5059:Beevor 2003 5044:Ziemke 1969 5020:Beevor 2002 5008:Ziemke 1969 4996:Beevor 2002 4979:Beevor 2003 4967:Beevor 2002 4940:Simons 1982 4928:Ziemke 1969 4916:Beevor 2002 4897:Beevor 2002 4873:Ziemke 1969 4856:Beevor 2002 4839:Beevor 2003 4827:Beevor 2002 4815:Beevor 2002 4788:Beevor 2002 4761:Beevor 2003 4722:Ziemke 1969 4705:Zuljan 2003 4676:Beevor 2003 4664:Beevor 2003 4652:Beevor 2012 4640:Beevor 2002 4628:Beevor 2003 4568:Beevor 2002 4532:Beevor 2002 4508:Beevor 2002 4484:Beevor 2002 4448:Beevor 2002 4409:Beevor 2002 4397:Antill 2005 4385:Glantz 2001 4373:Müller 2008 4314:Wagner 1974 4302:Glantz 1998 4287:Antill 2005 4275:Beevor 2002 4240:Ziemke 1969 4223:Glantz 1998 4206:Zaloga 1982 4189:Gareev 2005 4155:Ziemke 1969 4138:Beevor 2002 4121:Beevor 2002 4104:Beevor 2002 4002:Great Purge 3950:Ziemke 1983 3919:Glantz 1998 3870:Stunde Null 3805:Polish Army 3794:Victory Day 3748:Polish flag 3648:Schönhausen 3616:Scharnhorst 3527:Ludwigslust 3491:Randowbruch 3350:Karl Dönitz 3307:, close by 3223:Sonnenallee 3075:World War I 2924:Alfred Jodl 2791:the German 2772:Lelyushenko 2172:pieces and 2110:Rokossovsky 2063:skirmishing 1924:Nagykanizsa 1857:across the 1759:army groups 1588:(1948–1949) 1581:Berlin Wall 1576:East Berlin 1572:West Berlin 1563:(1945–1990) 1523:(1933–1945) 1490:(1919–1933) 1480:(1918–1947) 1470:(1871–1918) 1460:(1701–1918) 1450:(1157–1806) 1428:History of 1340:Oder–Neisse 1027:Gorky Blitz 1022:3rd Kharkov 938:2nd Kharkov 840:1st Kharkov 835:Sea of Azov 154:Territorial 133: / 10782:Categories 10494:West Hunan 10327:Pointblank 9663:Silver Fox 9649:Summer War 9402:Winter War 9381:Phoney War 9162:Azerbaijan 9123:Yugoslavia 9018:Luxembourg 8860:Resistance 8600:Yugoslavia 8465:Luxembourg 8267:Sook Ching 8063:War crimes 7665:Technology 7658:Opposition 7600:Lend-Lease 7577:Australian 7570:Home front 7528:Blitzkrieg 7478:Casualties 7469:Commanders 7441:Operations 6708:, Sutton, 6597:1 December 6098:References 6077:rg.ru 2007 5897:White 2003 5088:Lewis 1998 4472:Duffy 1991 4460:Duffy 1991 4421:Duffy 1991 4170:Duffy 1991 4070:war crimes 4006:Winter War 3697:railwaymen 3610:Clausewitz 3559:, Germany. 3541:See also: 3495:Montgomery 3439:. General 3309:Berlin Zoo 3249:See also: 3195:Hans Krebs 3183:Müncheberg 3179:Müncheberg 3106:Müncheberg 3071:Volkssturm 3066:Volkssturm 3063:, and the 3026:Volkssturm 3004:investment 2865:Volkssturm 2849:Werneuchen 2776:4th Guards 2666:Ivan Konev 2632:Ivan Konev 2406:Ninth Army 2106:Königsberg 2032:Haigerloch 1972:Eisenhower 1970:, General 1841:Background 1815:Volkssturm 1786:Ivan Konev 1742:, General 1722:After the 1713:offensives 1329:Clausewitz 1151:2nd Baltic 1146:Dukla Pass 1133:Doppelkopf 1105:2nd Crimea 1049:2nd Donbas 1039:1st Donbas 1016:Polar Star 966:Stalingrad 850:Sevastopol 845:1st Crimea 788:1st Baltic 772:Barbarossa 749:Baltic Sea 619:Volkssturm 556:investment 266:Ivan Konev 121:13°22′34″E 118:52°31′07″N 81:, May 1945 10559:Manchuria 10445:Indochina 10221:Bagration 9672:Lithuania 9317:Anschluss 9114:Viet Minh 9011:Lithuania 8953:Hong Kong 8716:Manchukuo 8671:Azad Hind 8330:Australia 8130:Aftermath 7993:Paperclip 7888:Aftermath 7688:Total war 7556:Diplomacy 7519:In Europe 7193:Anonymous 7169:978161722 7099:OnWar.com 7079:146414907 7049:5 October 6957:Doubleday 6549:Macmillan 6337:Routledge 6244:Ian Allan 5032:Ryan 1966 4592:Ryan 1966 3989:Bundestag 3855:Panzerbär 3720:BBC Radio 3712:mass rape 3663:Aftermath 3654:Surrender 3576:with the 3503:Stralsund 3384:Kuznetsov 3322:Neustroev 3318:Zinchenko 3285:Eva Braun 3235:Reichstag 3046:Waffen-SS 2968:pillboxes 2900:52nd Army 2821:Magdeburg 2170:artillery 2079:reservoir 2067:engineers 1999:Mosquitos 1905:Pomerania 1810:Waffen-SS 1749:When the 1385:Reichstag 1176:Gumbinnen 1121:Bagration 960:Sinyavino 944:Case Blue 829:Leningrad 754:Black Sea 10722:Politics 10670:Category 10619:document 10529:document 10386:Ardennes 10370:Budapest 10318:Crossbow 10196:Overlord 10035:Smolensk 9253:Timeline 9088:Slovakia 9074:Thailand 8925:Ethiopia 8890:Bulgaria 8814:Portugal 8745:Thailand 8627:Bulgaria 8405:Eswatini 8398:Ethiopia 8351:Bulgaria 8176:Unit 731 8137:Response 7954:Keelhaul 7904:Cold War 7877:Americas 7868:timeline 7861:Atlantic 7741:Theaters 7337:archived 7246:(1995), 7128:3 August 7122:archived 7010:(1982), 6919:archived 6848:(1966), 6831:archived 6674:22 March 6668:archived 6642:(1997), 6625:archived 6543:(2004), 6488:207, 208 6447:(1998), 6331:(1991), 6272:(1962), 6156:(2002), 6139:archived 4076:and the 3815:See also 3801:Flag Day 3627:XX Corps 3531:Schwerin 3342:breakout 3211:Nordland 3187:Nordland 3129:Berzarin 3117:Nordland 3113:was the 2974:Biesdorf 2960:Goebbels 2932:XII Army 2841:Bogdanov 2817:Juterbog 2793:9th Army 2663:Marshal 2488:Marshal 2306:Marshal 2095:trenches 1802:garrison 1771:Hitler's 1728:Red Army 1647:See also 1607:" (1987) 1600:" (1963) 1419:a series 1417:Part of 1370:Oderberg 1221:Solstice 1181:Budapest 1171:Courland 1161:Debrecen 1156:Belgrade 1078:2nd Kiev 950:Caucasus 923:Demyansk 884:Chechnya 818:1st Kiev 554:For the 522:Strength 161:occupies 100:Location 10698:Germany 10684:Portals 10596:Shumshu 10363:Hungary 10310:Estonia 10294:Lapland 10272:Dragoon 10205:Neptune 10187:Ichi-Go 10153:Tempest 10095:Changde 10050:Cottage 9942:Jubilee 9658:Finland 9556:Compass 9262:Prelude 9215:Finland 9101:Vietnam 9067:Romania 8939:Germany 8918:Estonia 8904:Denmark 8883:Belgium 8876:Austria 8869:Albania 8800:Ireland 8786:Andorra 8770:Neutral 8730:Romania 8664:Hungary 8649:Finland 8521:Romania 8413:Finland 8391:Denmark 8337:Belgium 8323:Algeria 8029:Romania 8015:Hungary 7771:Pacific 7495:General 7449:Leaders 7434:Battles 7427:Outline 7377:YouTube 6816:1 April 6742:The war 6726:, Pgw, 6569:, Pan, 4053:the war 3716:pillage 3693:firemen 3594:Potsdam 3580:of the 3568:of the 3410:Spandau 3346:suicide 3289:Gestapo 3215:Zentrum 3201:of the 3191:Rybalko 3171:Chuikov 3137:Katukov 3053:force, 2884:Cottbus 2853:IX Army 2829:Schwedt 2825:Stettin 2789:envelop 2764:Rybalko 2174:mortars 2161:River. 2153:out of 2143:Vistula 2099:bunkers 2034:in the 1909:Silesia 1881:River. 1779:Marshal 1777:led by 1715:of the 1703:by the 1392:Bautzen 1323:Schwedt 1215:Breslau 1210:Silesia 1115:Karelia 1067:Dnieper 933:Bamberg 874:Finland 823:Tallinn 616:40,000 349:† 297:† 223:Germany 156:changes 109:Germany 10573:Debate 10545:Taipei 10538:Borneo 10116:Tarawa 9310:Europe 9271:Africa 9060:Poland 9046:Norway 9025:Malaya 9004:Latvia 8946:Greece 8932:France 8828:Sweden 8793:Bhutan 8514:Poland 8500:Norway 8472:Mexico 8439:Greece 8425:France 8363:Canada 8344:Brazil 8314:Allies 8260:Serbia 8249:Poland 8022:Poland 8008:Baltic 7801:Europe 7503:Topics 7455:Allied 7319:120398 7317: 7272: 7254: 7233: 7206: 7183: 7167: 7157: 7077: 6997: 6991:Hodder 6971: 6941: 6897: 6862: 6837:1 June 6793: 6775: 6757: 6730: 6712: 6694: 6650: 6631:12 May 6617: 6573: 6555: 6530: 6512: 6494: 6457: 6423: 6401: 6379: 6361: 6343: 6318: 6298: 6280: 6250: 6228: 6210: 6188: 6166: 6117: 6111:Osprey 4057:Stalin 3619:, and 3586:Torgau 3557:Torgau 3519:Lübeck 3515:Wismar 3313:burned 3153:Teltow 2966:Steel 2756:Gordov 2710: 2649:Soviet 2575:German 2529: 2476:Soviet 2373:German 2329: 2294:Soviet 2232:German 2159:Neisse 2139:Danzig 2023:Stalin 1940:Vienna 1928:Danube 1875:Poznań 1873:, and 1871:Danzig 1863:Fronts 1755:fronts 1751:Soviet 1732:Berlin 1613:(1989) 1430:Berlin 1421:on the 1375:Pankow 1259:Prague 1253:Berlin 1242:Vienna 1059:Lenino 901:Lyuban 866:Moscow 855:Rostov 813:Odessa 576:1,519 403: 386: 345: 293: 220: 205:Poland 189: 146:Result 105:Berlin 10769:Texts 10752:Media 10349:Leyte 10179:Narva 10165:Anzio 10123:Makin 10081:Burma 9965:Torch 9934:Rzhev 9895:Kiska 8981:Korea 8967:Japan 8960:Italy 8842:Tibet 8821:Spain 8692:Italy 8453:Italy 8446:India 8370:China 8245:Japan 7845:Italy 7757:China 7709:Women 7315:JSTOR 7075:S2CID 6686:[ 6393:[ 4089:Made 3876:Notes 3584:near 3537:South 3477:North 3470:Corps 3199:Chief 2982:Spree 2940:Havel 2752:Forst 2147:Konev 2083:Wotan 2075:swamp 1859:Narew 1767:Halbe 1397:Halbe 1100:Narva 1073:Nevel 1033:Kursk 999:Iskra 928:Kholm 912:Rzhev 879:Kerch 860:Gorky 793:Brody 778:Brest 10415:1945 10143:1944 9984:1943 9912:Blue 9902:Attu 9809:1942 9568:1941 9420:1940 9358:1939 9287:Asia 9134:POWs 8974:Jews 8685:Iraq 8611:Axis 8561:Tuva 8377:Cuba 7462:Axis 7345:2019 7270:ISBN 7252:ISBN 7231:ISBN 7204:ISBN 7181:ISBN 7165:OCLC 7155:ISBN 7130:2007 7051:2008 6995:ISBN 6969:ISBN 6939:ISBN 6927:2008 6895:ISBN 6860:ISBN 6839:2011 6818:2012 6791:ISBN 6773:ISBN 6755:ISBN 6728:ISBN 6710:ISBN 6692:ISBN 6676:2012 6648:ISBN 6633:2011 6615:ISBN 6599:2014 6571:ISBN 6553:ISBN 6528:ISBN 6510:ISBN 6492:ISBN 6455:ISBN 6436:Trud 6421:ISBN 6399:ISBN 6377:ISBN 6359:ISBN 6341:ISBN 6316:ISBN 6296:ISBN 6278:ISBN 6248:ISBN 6226:ISBN 6208:ISBN 6186:ISBN 6164:ISBN 6147:2008 6115:ISBN 4191:). 4074:USSR 3838:and 3695:and 3637:The 3529:and 3517:and 3185:and 3135:and 3090:and 3055:boys 3043:and 3040:Heer 2902:and 2827:and 2780:Elbe 2770:and 2762:and 2097:and 1879:Oder 1818:and 1808:and 1806:Army 1765:and 1695:The 1637:and 1574:and 1558:and 1187:1945 1084:1944 992:1943 978:Mars 895:1942 808:Uman 765:1941 578:AFVs 90:Date 7375:on 7333:BBC 7307:doi 7153:), 7067:doi 4027:POW 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