50:
113:
treaty was to begin on 24 February 1229. In fact, it was on the parchment it was written than in reality, as the
Muslims kept key strategic points. The emperor had achieved his goal, to return to Jerusalem and be crowned as king, which he did on 18 March 1229. Frederick ended up crowning himself, as no one wished to violate the papal orders. Returning to Acre in the face of hostility, he embarked for Italy on 1 May 1229.
112:
in the midst of the troops negatively. Lacking a strong army, the emperor was not looking for confrontation but for negotiation which ended up being successful on 18 February 1229, resulting in
Jerusalem, Bethlehem and Nazareth being returned to the Franks. This ten-year, six-month and ten-day peace
713:
274:
144:
The
Hospitallers and Templars took advantage of the fact that they were excluded from the treaty and, in the fall of 1229, led a successful incursion into the north of the country against the Muslims of the fortress of
76:
on 28 June 1228 and, after a stay in Cyprus from July 21 to
September 3 to settle the suzerainty on the island for his benefit, landed at Acre on September 7. Frederick had been excommunicated by pope
136:). In August 1229, Gregory IX issued a papal bull to the Latin patriarch directing that the Hospitallers maintain jurisdiction over the Teutonic Knights, in punishment for their following Frederick.
699:
679:
84:
to promulgate the sentence of excommunication and three military orders to deny him obedience. Thessy thus refused to recognize him as king of
Jerusalem, followed in this regard by
108:. He was followed by the Templars and the Hospitallers one day's journey back, respecting the pope's position. They also viewed Frederick's thusly engaging with the sultan
171:
116:
Thessy, together with the
Templars and the patriarch GĂ©rold of Lausanne, representing the clergy of the Holy Land, refused to accept the treaty as the
783:
740:
31:
788:
599:
484:
157:, and he returned to the Hospitallers and the Templars the goods confiscated in Sicily. Thessy died at Acre in 1231. He was succeeded by
635:
153:
in July and August 1230. Hope returned when
Frederick obtained from the pope relief from his excommunication on 28 August 1230 at the
773:
80:
on 29 September 1227 and had prohibited all
Christians from all places where Frederick would set foot, asking the Latin patriarch
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upon his death on 1 March 1228. Thessy was either from France or Italy, most likely the former. He was succeeded by
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326:
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146:
128:. A further problem was the decision to leave two Christian shrines to the Muslims––the Temple of Our Lord (
778:
182:
513:
129:
396:
133:
154:
65:
Bertrand de Thessy's election to the responsibility of Grand Master corresponds to the arrival of
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were excluded from the considerations. No effort had been made to protect the interests of these
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Frederick led a small contingent south from Acre and in
November 1228 took charge of
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85:
96:, unused to disobedience vis-Ă -vis a German sovereign, fully supported the emperor.
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A History of the
Crusades, Volume Three: The Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades
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Prier et combattre, Dictionnaire européen des ordres militaires au Moyen Âge
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23:
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Essai d’armorial des Grands-Maîtres de l’Ordre de Saint Jean de Jérusalem
454:
Essai d'armorial des grands maîtres de l'Ordre de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem
219:
378:
The Hospitallers and the Holy Land: Financing the Latin East, 1187-1274
109:
73:
161:
as early as 1230 and at most at some time prior to 1 May 1231.
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Liste des grands maîtres de l'ordre de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem
275:
St John of Jerusalem, Knights of the Order of the Hospital of
105:
714:
Knights of the Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem
255:
150:
402:
Les Hospitaliers en Terre Sainte et Ă Chypre (1100-1310)
243:
288:
38:, serving between 1228 and 1230 or 1231. He succeeded
433:"The Emperor Frederick II's Crusade, 1215 – c. 1231"
370:. World's manuals. Oxford University Press, London.
724:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 12–19.
395:
285:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 12–19.
237:
413:Les Hospitaliers, De JĂ©rusalem Ă Rhodes 1050-1317
240:, pp. 160–166, Bertrand de Thessy et Guérin.
760:
643:. A History of the Crusades (Setton), Volume II.
172:Cartulaire général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers
661:. The Crusades––An Encyclopedia, pp. 313–315.
652:. The Crusades––An Encyclopedia, pp. 598–605.
604:. Six Volumes. University of Wisconsin Press.
659:Crusade of Emperor Frederick II (1227–1229)
633:
532:
461:
446:(4). Ph.D Dissertation, Keele University.
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261:
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784:Grand masters of the Knights Hospitaller
612:God's War: A New History of the Crusades
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440:Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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48:
741:Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller
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486:The Routledge Companion to the Crusades
339:The Crusades: The War for the Holy Land
16:Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitallers
789:13th-century French military personnel
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656:
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360:
700:Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem
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216:. Masters of the Hospitallers (2020).
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710:New York: Robert Appleton Company.
563:Annales de Terre Sainte, 1095-1291
228:, p. 984, Bertrand de Thessy.
14:
800:
695:. Museum of the Order of St John.
667:
273:Phillips, Walter Alison (1911). "
178:List of Knights Hospitaller sites
72:in the Holy Land. He embarked at
318:Frederick II: A Medieval Emperor
188:Flags of the Knights Hospitaller
774:Christians of the Sixth Crusade
304:
149:and a disastrous expedition to
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580:. Cambridge University Press.
267:
200:
88:, master of the Templars. The
1:
634:Van Cleve, Thomas C. (1969).
609:Tyerman, Christopher (2006).
193:
132:) and the Temple of Solomon (
657:Weiler, Björn K. U. (2006).
515:The Crusades—An Encyclopedia
462:Josserand, Philippe (2009).
183:Langue (Knights Hospitaller)
7:
637:The Crusade of Frederick II
321:. Oxford University Press.
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693:Seals of the Grand Masters
397:Delaville Le Roulx, Joseph
375:Bronstein, Judith (2005).
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648:Vann, Theresa M. (2006).
601:A History of the Crusades
336:Asbridge, Thomas (2012).
542:. Boydell & Brewer.
512:Murray, Alan V. (2006).
431:Giles, Keith R. (1987).
410:Demurger, Alain (2013).
718:Encyclopædia Britannica
539:The Knights Hospitaller
279:Encyclopædia Britannica
238:Delaville Le Roulx 1904
118:Principality of Antioch
451:Harot, Eugène (1911).
57:
53:Bertrand de Thessy by
704:Catholic Encyclopedia
650:Order of the Hospital
495:10.4324/9780203389638
416:. Tallandier, Paris.
52:
483:Lock, Peter (2006).
457:. Collegio araldico.
344:Simon & Schuster
30:, was the fifteenth
779:Knights Hospitaller
682:. French Knowledge.
676:. French Knowledge.
566:. E. Leroux, Paris.
534:Nicholson, Helen J.
405:. E. Leroux, Paris.
264:, pp. 454–458.
36:Knights Hospitaller
734:Guérin de Montaigu
674:Bertrand de Thessy
596:Setton, Kenneth M.
558:Röhricht, Reinhold
212:2021-12-03 at the
82:GĂ©rold of Lausanne
67:Holy Roman Emperor
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40:Guérin de Montaigu
28:Bertrand of Thercy
20:Bertrand de Thessy
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748:Succeeded by
698:Charles Moeller,
626:978-0-674-02387-1
525:978-1-57607-862-4
468:. Fayard, Paris.
381:. Boydell Press.
353:978-1-84983-688-3
207:Bernard de Thessy
155:Treaty of Ceprano
140:After the Crusade
122:County of Tripoli
100:The Sixth Crusade
86:Pedro de Montaigu
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147:Montferrand
763:Categories
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