40:
1980:
219:(8th century AD) and is usually translated as "tribal leader". The actual origin of the word is still disputed, though it is mostly agreed that it was a loan-word, in Old Turkic. This Turkic word is usually considered a borrowing from an Iranian language. However, German Turkologist
145:
in other parts of Europe). However the exact scope of power handed to the beks (alternative spelling to beys) varied with each country, thus there was no clear-cut system, rigidly applied to all countries defining all the possible power and prestige that came along with the title.
763:
word 'bő' originates from an Old Turkic loanword, cognate with
Ottoman 'bey', that used to mean 'clan leader' in Old Hungarian. Later, as an adjective, it acquired the meaning of "rich". Its contemporary meaning is "ample" or "baggy" (when referring to clothing).
548:(or Beglerbegi) "Lord of Lords", was the administrative rank formally enjoyed by the ruler of Algiers and by rulers of parts of the Balkans in their official capacity of Ottoman Governor-General within the Turkish empire.This title was also used in Safavid empire.
1665:
189:, being an example of the usage of this word in personal names and even names of whole ethnic groups. The general rule is that the honorific is used with first names and not with surnames or last names.
39:
1231:
97:
title traditionally applied to people with special lineages to the leaders or rulers of variously sized areas in the numerous Turkic kingdoms, emirates, sultanates and empires in
2206:
1724:
522:
itself was part of the territorial title of the ruler, and also as a title used by all male members of the family (rather like Sultan in the
Ottoman dynasty).
540:"Bey of the Table", the title of the Heir Presumptive, the eldest prince of the Beylical family, who enjoyed precedence immediately after the Bey al-Mahalla.
1916:
2114:
223:
assessed the derivation from
Iranian as superficially attractive but quite uncertain, and pointed out the possibility that the word may be genuinely
2191:
1717:
1979:
1959:
1989:
1161:
2036:
534:"Bey of the Camp", title used for the next most senior member of the Beylical family after the reigning Bey, the Heir Apparent to the throne.
1901:
2176:
1710:
1242:
2026:
1906:
1733:
1932:
2031:
1952:
1911:
1896:
1871:
1840:
1083:
634:
population declared independence, and when it was on 13 October 1837 conquered by France, until it was incorporated into
50:(d. 1781), bey of Turfan, who later settled in Beijing; painting by a European Jesuit artist at the Chinese court in 1775
479:) – in North Africa, including Egypt. A bey could maintain a similar office within Arab states that broke away from the
2201:
2021:
1371:
1337:
1805:
1439:
738:
1921:
1886:
502:
Even much earlier, the virtual sovereign's title in
Barbaresque North African 'regency' states was "Bey" (compare
789:
2161:
2041:
1498:
1405:
1303:
317:, and were used as honorific titles of kings and other men of high rank in the meaning of "lord". The Iranian
280:
2146:
1825:
1947:
2009:
17:
2186:
2119:
2048:
1490:
1518:
Vocabulaire français-arabe des dialectes vulgaires africains: d'Alger, de Tunis, de Marok, et d'Égypte
1400:. Studies on China. Vol. 28 (illustrated ed.). University of California Press. p. 121.
555:
was also the title that was awarded by the Sultan of Turkey in the twilight of the
Ottoman Empire to
1213:
P. Golden, "Turks and
Iranians: An historical sketch", in S. Agcagül/V. Karam/L. Johanson/C. Bulut,
372:
780:
575:
447:
2196:
2171:
2156:
2151:
2001:
906:
742:
642:
Bey or a variation has also been used as an aristocratic title in various Turkic states, such as
248:
149:
Today, the word is still used formally as a social title for men, similar to the way the titles "
756:, and its usage is similar to "chap" or "man". When used aggressively, it is an offensive term.
412:
that "distinguished persons and their sons" as well as "high government officials" could become
1775:
1469:
940:
623:
since 1525 (had its own Beys since 1567), the last incumbent, Ahmed Bey ben
Mohamed Chérif (b.
405:
1591:
1541:
1502:
1429:
1395:
1361:
710:, is still used as a family name or a part of a name in South and Central Asia as well as the
2181:
2166:
1855:
1642:
1516:
1327:
1293:
265:
157:" are used in the English language. Additionally, it is widely used in the naming customs of
33:
1473:
1702:
808:
597:
492:
364:
727:
723:
8:
1850:
559:
216:
499:(maintained in two rank classes after 1922), and a title of courtesy for a pasha's son.
760:
665:
581:, a tradition which has survived to the present day through their lineal descendants.
1891:
1763:
1494:
1435:
1401:
1367:
1333:
1299:
1012:
881:
873:
669:
307:
300:
276:
137:. The regions or provinces where "beys" ruled or which they administered were called
897:
889:
816:
800:
731:
715:
687:
Sometimes a Bey was a territorial vassal within a khanate, as in each of the three
661:
650:
511:
345:
269:
224:
198:
86:
2014:
1758:
1122:
931:
840:
832:
620:
436:
393:
region to maintain their previous status, and they administered the area for the
220:
130:
1043:
1737:
1431:
Beyond the pass: economy, ethnicity, and empire in Qing
Central Asia, 1759-1864
1227:
1017:
967:
923:
848:
824:
677:
589:
585:
416:, which was one of two "merely conventional designations as indefinite as our '
386:
232:
114:
110:
1267:
1091:
182:
2140:
1809:
1785:
1397:
Empire at the
Margins: Culture, Ethnicity, and Frontier in Early Modern China
865:
631:
563:
2100:
2053:
1845:
1461:
1022:
692:
186:
158:
126:
98:
1007:
468:
337:
106:
672:
used the "beks" as local administrations of "bekliks" or provinces. The
566:
who served as a senior leader of the Muslim community in the kingdom of
423:
The
Republican Turkish authorities abolished the title circa the 1930s.
1578:
1182:
1002:
997:
630:, in office 1826–1848, d. 1850), was maintained when in 1826 the local
480:
205:
174:
170:
166:
162:
102:
1780:
1394:
Crossley, Pamela Kyle; Siu, Helen F.; Sutton, Donald S., eds. (2006).
397:
as officials. High-ranking Begs were allowed to call themselves Begs.
2093:
2076:
977:
616:
544:
390:
94:
90:
1061:
1835:
1770:
255:
118:
1860:
1638:
2109:
2083:
1602:
1569:
982:
718:-influenced names, it can be seen in conjunction with the Slavic
711:
635:
571:
474:
417:
382:
122:
43:
1692:
1366:(illustrated ed.). Columbia University Press. p. 101.
2088:
2071:
1830:
1298:(illustrated ed.). Columbia University Press. p. 31.
1215:
Turkic-Iranian Contact Areas: Historical and Linguistic Aspects
987:
673:
658:
178:
154:
142:
141:, roughly meaning "governorate" or "region" (the equivalent of
47:
972:
794:
753:
647:
567:
556:
507:
496:
488:
484:
260:
134:
1732:
1295:
Oasis Identities: Uyghur Nationalism Along China's Silk Road
619:(Constantine in French), an Ottoman district subject to the
227:. Two principal etymologies have been proposed by scholars:
2105:
749:
394:
528:"Bey of the Throne", a term equivalent to reigning prince.
1565:, ou, suivant l'orthographe de la prononciation turques,
992:
963:
737:
The title is also used as an honorific by members of the
503:
150:
1292:
Rudelson, Justin Jon; Rudelson, Justin Ben-Adam (1997).
1088:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
514:
used a whole series of title and styles including Bey:
2207:
Titles in Bosnia and Herzegovina during Ottoman period
1329:
Xinjiang and China's Rise in Central Asia – A History
917:
911:
945:
570:. Subsequently, he and his children became known in
452:
859:
1427:
2138:
1639:"Private Drawing Room, I, Kasr-el-Said, Tunisia"
1291:
1546:(in French). C. L. F. Panckoucke. p. 475.
1487:History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey
1718:
1621:
1612:
1560:
1552:est un nom de dignité, synonyme de celui de
1523:
462:
1232:"Ardashir and the Sasanian's Rise to Power"
684:(taubey), meaning the "mountainous chief".
32:"Baig" redirects here. For other uses, see
1725:
1711:
1434:. Stanford University Press. p. 204.
1363:Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang
1241:, vol. 1, p. 239, archived from
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1663:
1455:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
784:
588:period, the lords of the semi-autonomous
321:(through connection with Old Indian noun
1196:
1194:
215:– has been mentioned as early as in the
38:
2192:Titles of national or ethnic leadership
1617:, qui, en Barbie est écrit et prononcé
1485:Shaw, Stanford J. and Ezel Kural Shaw.
1239:Anabasis: Studia Classica et Orientalia
1226:
1176:
1137:
14:
2139:
1539:
1514:
1265:
1106:
722:suffixes meaning "son of", such as in
446:
325:"possessions, lot") gave Turkish word
1706:
1521:(in French). C. Hingray. p. 90.
1272:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition
1204:, August Cesarec: Zagreb, pp. 123–124
1191:
351:; its historical pronunciation being
177:. Notably, the ethnic designation of
1631:
1603:
1570:
1332:. Taylor & Francis. p. 20.
562:, an African merchant prince of the
475:
283:languages retain forms derived from
133:. The feminine equivalent title was
1622:
1613:
1561:
1524:
935:
901:
748:'Bey' is also used colloquially in
463:
440:
287:in the sense "god": Middle Persian
27:Honorific title in Turkic languages
24:
2177:Positions of subnational authority
1266:Eilers, Wilhelm (22 August 2011).
1076:
1054:
25:
2218:
1917:Ministry of Trade and Agriculture
1686:
739:Moorish Science Temple of America
426:
1978:
1664:Tótfalusi, István (2005). "bő".
1596:(in French). 1854. p. 484.
1466:Turkish Life in Town and Country
410:Turkish Life in Town and Country
1841:Defterdars/Ministers of Finance
1657:
1584:
1533:
1508:
1479:
1421:
1387:
1353:
1319:
1285:
1259:
1220:
653:, in charge of a Beylik called
400:
264:) meaning "lord" and "master".
1540:Jomard, Edme-François (1826).
1207:
1036:
852:
774:
444:Egyptian Arabic pronunciation:
197:The word entered English from
161:, namely in countries such as
13:
1:
1029:
624:
611:promoted to statehood, e.g.:
1515:Marcel, Jean Joseph (1837).
1393:
1359:
1325:
1217:, Harrassowit, 2006, p. 19ff
795:
495:, where it was a rank below
469:
192:
7:
2115:Vassal and tributary states
1902:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1697:Encyclopaedia of the Orient
1626:est proprement un mot turc.
1360:Millward, James A. (2007).
1326:Clarke, Michael E. (2011).
1202:Hrvatski etimološki rječnik
956:
946:
918:
912:
860:
453:
329:(rich), whence Mongol name
10:
2223:
1491:Cambridge University Press
1428:James A. Millward (1998).
869:
31:
2202:Turkish words and phrases
2064:
2000:
1987:
1976:
1930:
1869:
1803:
1796:
1751:
1744:
1667:Magyar Etimológiai Szótár
966:– a judge and senator in
927:
893:
844:
836:
828:
607:Other Beys saw their own
1907:Ministry of the Interior
767:
680:highlands were known as
576:double-barrelled surname
381:It was also used by the
1938:(constitutional period)
1543:Description de l'Egypte
1462:Garnett, Lucy Mary Jane
743:Moorish Orthodox Church
408:wrote in the 1904 work
181:comes from the name of
1200:Alemko Gluhak (1993),
1164:. Encyclopædia Iranica
1125:. Encyclopædia Iranica
885:
877:
820:
812:
804:
596:(μπέης); for example,
406:Lucy Mary Jane Garnett
211:, which – in the form
204:, itself derived from
51:
2162:Noble titles of Egypt
1856:Dragoman of the Porte
1643:World Digital Library
268:derives the word via
42:
34:Baig (disambiguation)
2147:Gubernatorial titles
1581:≈ bey = beyk = beyg.
1501:, 9780521291668. p.
598:Petros Mavromichalis
493:Muhammad Ali Dynasty
420:' has come to be ".
1953:Chamber of Deputies
1912:Ministry of Justice
1897:Ministry of Finance
1872:Imperial Government
1670:. Budapest: Arcanum
1470:G. P. Putnam's Sons
1187:Nişanyan Dictionary
752:-speaking parts of
385:. It permitted the
363:, as reconstructed
217:Orkhon inscriptions
2032:Armenian Apostolic
1816:(classical period)
1734:State organisation
666:Emirate of Bukhara
592:used the title of
451:) was also called
57:, also spelled as
52:
2187:Titles in Lebanon
2134:
2133:
2130:
2129:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1960:political parties
1892:Ministry of Evkaf
1764:Ottoman Caliphate
1593:Journal asiatique
1064:. Merriam-Webster
1013:Anatolian beyliks
944:
910:
858:
793:
728:Alija Izetbegović
670:Khanate of Kokand
467:) – from Turkish
365:Edwin Pulleyblank
16:(Redirected from
2214:
2027:Eastern Orthodox
1998:
1997:
1982:
1963:
1940:
1933:General Assembly
1879:
1818:
1806:Imperial Council
1801:
1800:
1767:
1749:
1748:
1727:
1720:
1713:
1704:
1703:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1616:
1615:
1606:
1605:
1588:
1582:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1564:
1563:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1512:
1506:
1483:
1477:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1247:
1236:
1224:
1218:
1211:
1205:
1198:
1189:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1158:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1119:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1090:. Archived from
1080:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1040:
950:
949:
939:
937:
929:
921:
915:
905:
903:
895:
871:
863:
857:romanized:
856:
854:
846:
838:
830:
798:
788:
786:
778:
695:of the Kazakhs.
662:Khanate of Khiva
651:Khanate of Kazan
629:
626:
512:Husainid Dynasty
478:
477:
472:
466:
465:
456:
450:
445:
442:
21:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2126:
2060:
2042:Coptic Orthodox
2037:Syriac Orthodox
2015:Sheikh ul-Islam
1994:
1991:
1983:
1966:
1957:
1941:
1936:
1935:
1926:
1922:Ministry of War
1887:Cadastre Bureau
1880:
1877:(reform period)
1875:
1874:
1865:
1819:
1814:
1813:
1792:
1761:
1759:Ottoman dynasty
1740:
1731:
1689:
1684:
1683:
1673:
1671:
1662:
1658:
1648:
1646:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1538:
1534:
1513:
1509:
1493:, 27 May 1977.
1484:
1480:
1460:
1456:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1426:
1422:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1392:
1388:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1358:
1354:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1324:
1320:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1274:
1264:
1260:
1251:
1249:
1248:on 4 March 2016
1245:
1234:
1228:Daryaee, Touraj
1225:
1221:
1212:
1208:
1199:
1192:
1181:
1177:
1167:
1165:
1160:
1159:
1138:
1128:
1126:
1121:
1120:
1107:
1097:
1095:
1094:on 8 March 2008
1082:
1081:
1077:
1067:
1065:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1027:
959:
954:
953:
781:Ottoman Turkish
779:
775:
770:
676:princes in the
627:
621:Algiers regency
560:Mohammed Shitta
443:
429:
403:
221:Gerhard Doerfer
195:
131:Eurasian Steppe
117:or the various
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2220:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2197:Turkish titles
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2172:Ottoman titles
2169:
2164:
2159:
2157:Military ranks
2154:
2152:Heads of state
2149:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2112:
2103:
2101:Mutasarrifates
2098:
2097:
2096:
2086:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2006:
2004:
1995:
1990:Administrative
1988:
1985:
1984:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1955:
1950:
1944:
1942:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1883:
1881:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1851:Reis ül-Küttab
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1822:
1820:
1804:
1798:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1786:Palace Schools
1778:
1776:Imperial Harem
1773:
1768:
1755:
1753:
1752:House of Osman
1746:
1745:Central system
1742:
1741:
1738:Ottoman Empire
1730:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1688:
1687:External links
1685:
1682:
1681:
1656:
1630:
1583:
1532:
1507:
1478:
1454:
1440:
1420:
1406:
1386:
1373:978-0231139243
1372:
1352:
1339:978-1136827068
1338:
1318:
1304:
1284:
1258:
1219:
1206:
1190:
1175:
1136:
1105:
1075:
1053:
1044:"北京保利国际拍卖有限公司"
1034:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1018:Ottoman titles
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
968:Kazakh khanate
960:
958:
955:
952:
951:
772:
771:
769:
766:
732:Abai Kunanbaev
698:The variation
678:North Caucasus
640:
639:
590:Mani Peninsula
550:
549:
541:
535:
532:Bey al-Mahalla
529:
523:
506:). Notably in
428:
427:Beys elsewhere
425:
402:
399:
379:
378:
334:
281:Middle Iranian
275:from the same
233:Middle Persian
194:
191:
109:, such as the
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2219:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
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2074:
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2069:
2067:
2063:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1986:
1981:
1961:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1929:
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2167:Noble titles
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2022:Christianity
1937:
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1826:Grand Vizier
1815:
1696:
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1666:
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1633:
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1597:
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526:Bey al-Kursi
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159:Central Asia
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99:Central Asia
89:title for a
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367:), meaning
249:Old Iranian
183:Öz Beg Khan
107:Middle East
18:Bey (title)
2141:Categories
2094:Sanjakbeys
2077:Beylerbeys
2065:Provincial
1797:Government
1607:(prononcé
1579:sanjaq-bey
1528:beyk, bey.
1499:0521291666
1407:0520230159
1305:0231107862
1030:References
1003:Skanderbeg
998:Khagan Bek
691:under the
579:Shitta-Bey
545:Beylerbeyi
491:under the
483:, such as
481:High Porte
431:The title
313:, Sogdian
279:root. All
206:Old Turkic
175:Kyrgyzstan
171:Kazakhstan
167:Tajikistan
163:Uzbekistan
105:, and the
103:South Asia
1992:divisions
1836:Kazaskers
1611:) ou bek
1577:Summary:
1168:22 August
978:Beylerbey
941:romanized
907:romanized
790:romanized
761:Hungarian
617:Qusantina
391:Altishahr
193:Etymology
95:honorific
93:, and an
91:chieftain
2110:Kadiluks
2084:Vilayets
1771:Seraglio
1413:10 March
1379:10 March
1345:10 March
1311:24 April
1277:23 April
1252:24 April
1230:(2010),
1098:22 March
1068:22 March
957:See also
947:bēh, bek
882:Croatian
874:Albanian
741:and the
668:and The
638:in 1848.
602:Petrobey
346:Mandarin
308:Bactrian
301:Parthian
256:Sanskrit
129:and the
123:emirates
119:khanates
115:Timurids
111:Ottomans
46:General
2089:Sanjaks
2072:Eyalets
2049:Judaism
2002:Millets
1846:Nişancı
1831:Viziers
1781:Enderûn
1736:of the
1649:2 March
1550:sangiaq
1548:Le mot
983:Begzada
943::
936:بيه, بك
909::
898:Persian
890:Serbian
878:beu/bej
870:пий/пек
845:бий/бек
817:Turkmen
801:Turkish
792::
712:Balkans
646:in the
636:Algeria
586:Ottoman
584:In the
574:by the
572:Nigeria
418:Esquire
383:Uyghurs
338:Chinese
333:(rich).
291:(plur.
277:Iranian
270:Sogdian
199:Turkish
185:of the
153:" and "
85:, is a
1948:Senate
1674:2 July
1645:. 1899
1497:
1438:
1404:
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1162:"Baga"
988:Atabeg
932:Arabic
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833:Kazakh
730:, and
716:Slavic
682:taubiy
674:Balkar
657:. The
655:Bäklek
632:Kabyle
609:Beylik
510:, the
437:Arabic
387:Turkic
340:title
254:; cf.
239:(also
235:title
225:Turkic
179:Uzbeks
155:mister
143:county
139:beylik
87:Turkic
48:Khojis
44:Uyghur
2120:Rayas
2106:Kazas
2010:Islam
1861:Birûn
1810:Porte
1693:"Bey"
1268:"Bāḡ"
1246:(PDF)
1235:(PDF)
1183:"Bey"
1129:7 May
1123:"Beg"
1084:"Bey"
1062:"Bey"
973:Begum
924:Tajik
849:Tatar
825:Uzbek
768:Notes
754:India
724:Bakir
714:. In
689:zuzes
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648:Tatar
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557:Oloye
518:Just
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497:pasha
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261:bhaga
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135:begum
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1676:2024
1651:2013
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1571:بيـگ
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1558:beyk
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1436:ISBN
1415:2014
1402:ISBN
1381:2014
1368:ISBN
1347:2014
1334:ISBN
1313:2014
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1279:2015
1254:2015
1170:2011
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1100:2008
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759:The
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726:and
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487:and
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