311:. Many men hesitate to reach out for help out of fear of appearing weak, 'less like a man' or even homosexual. The pervasive stereotype that eating disorders primarily affect women has contributed to feelings of shame and isolation among men who are affected by these disorders. This gender-based stigma surrounding eating disorders and strongly feminine branding of eating disorder treatment centers create a significant barrier to men's willingness to reach out for support. Men are more likely to partake in compulsive or excessive exercising as a compensation to highly calorific diets, leading to
153:
eating patterns that they have never done before. These might include diets that cut out certain food groups completely such as a no dairy or no carb diet. Binge eating can begin after a first attempt at dieting. They might also steal or hoard food in unusual places. A person may be experiencing fluctuations in their weight. In addition, they may have feelings of disgust, depression, or guilt about overeating. Another possible warning sign of binge eating is that a person may be obsessed with their body image or weight.
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166:
had a family member who was affected by binge eating. Said person may not have a supportive or friendly home environment, and they have a hard time expressing their problems with BED. Having a history of going on extreme diets may cause an urge to binge eat. Psychological issues such as feeling negatively about oneself or the way they look may trigger a binge.
287:(DSM) - 3 in 1987. By including binge eating in the DSM-3, even if not on its own as a separate eating disorder, they brought awareness to the disorder and gave it mental disorder legitimacy. This allowed for people to receive the appropriate treatment for binge eating and for their disorder to be legitimized.
165:
There are no direct causes of binge eating; however, long-term dieting, psychological issues and an obsession with body image have been linked to binge eating. There are multiple factors that increase a person's risk of developing binge eating disorder. Family history could play a role if that person
152:
Typical warning signs of binge eating disorder include the disappearance of a large quantity of food in a relatively short period of time. A person who may be experiencing binge eating disorder may appear to be uncomfortable when eating around others or in public. A person may develop new and extreme
156:
Furthermore, patients who binge eat may also engage in other self-destructing behaviours like suicide attempts, drug use, shop-lifting, and drinking too much alcohol. The onset of binge eating without dieting is linked to a higher risk of mental health issues and a younger age of onset. BED patients
1053:
Peterson CB, Engel SG, Crosby RD, Strauman T, Smith TL, Klein M, et al. (September 2020). "Comparing integrative cognitive-affective therapy and guided self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy to treat binge-eating disorder using standard and naturalistic momentary outcome measures: A randomized
197:
Typically, the eating is done rapidly, and a person will feel emotionally numb and unable to stop eating. Most people who have eating binges try to hide this behavior from others, and often feel ashamed about being overweight or depressed about their overeating. Although people who do not have any
256:. A study conducted on the long term efficacy of psychological treatments for binge eating showed that both cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) effectively treat binge eating disorder, with 64.4% of patients completely recovering from binge eating.
307:. After men compare their bodies to the culturally constructed masculine ideals, they often develop heightened concerns about their own body image and internalize the belief that their bodies should be muscular, lean, and strong, developing unhealthy behaviors like binge eating or using
188:
and stress than those who did not have with binge eating disorder
Exposure to two major categories of risk factors—those that raise the risk for obesity and those that raise the risk for psychiatric disorders in general—can be associated with binge eating disorder.
1336:
1403:
DeBate, R., Lewis, M., Zhang, Y., Blunt, H., & Thompson, S. H. (2008). Similar but different: Sociocultural attitudes towards appearance, body shape dissatisfaction, and weight control behaviors among male and female college students.
295:
In
January 2015, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (Vyvanse), the first medication indicated for the treatment of moderate-to-severe binge eating disorder.
220:
Along with the social and physical health that is affected when suffering from BED, there are psychiatric disorders that are often linked to BED. Some of them being but are not limited to:
169:
Weight stigma has also been found to predict binge eating, highlighting the importance of weight inclusive approaches to binge eating disorder that do not exercerbate this potential cause.
1361:
Heal DJ, Gosden J (April 2022). "What pharmacological interventions are effective in binge-eating disorder? Insights from a critical evaluation of the evidence from clinical trials".
266:(FDA) for the treatment of moderate-to-severe binge eating disorder in adults as of 2024. However, some studies have called into question its effectiveness for this indication.
213:, or excessively exercise to compensate for binges. Additionally, these individuals tend to diet more often, enroll in weight-control programs and have a history of family
177:
There are several physical, emotional, and social health risks when associated with binge eating disorder. These risks include depression, anxiety, and heart disease.
595:
Newton JR, Freeman CP, Munro J (June 1993). "Impulsivity and dyscontrol in bulimia nervosa: is impulsivity an independent phenomenon or a marker of severity?".
716:
Noma S, Uwatoko T, Ono M, Miyagi T, Murai T (May 2015). "Differences between nonsuicidal self-injury and suicidal behavior in patients with eating disorders".
284:
1148:"Dialectical Behaviour Therapy Improves Emotion Dysregulation Mainly in Binge Eating Disorder and Bulimia Nervosa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"
335:
1497:
Arnow, Katherine D.; Feldman, Talya; Fichtel, Elizabeth; Lin, Iris Hsiao-Jung; Egan, Amber; Lock, James; Westerman, Marcus; Darcy, Alison M. (2017).
1197:
Hilbert, Anja; Bishop, Monica E.; Stein, Richard I.; Tanofsky-Kraff, Marian; Swenson, Anne K.; Welch, R. Robinson; Wilfley, Denise E. (March 2012).
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Hilbert, Anja; Bishop, Monica E.; Stein, Richard I.; Tanofsky-Kraff, Marian; Swenson, Anne K.; Welch, R. Robinson; Wilfley, Denise E. (March 2012).
681:
Stein D, Lilenfeld LR, Wildman PC, Marcus MD (2004). "Attempted suicide and self-injury in patients diagnosed with eating disorders".
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Reel, J. J., & Beals, K. A. (2009). The hidden faces of eating disorders and body image. Sewickley, P.A.: AAHPERD Pubs.
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1309:
1337:"Vyvanse (Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate): First FDA-Approved Drug for the Treatment of Adults with Binge-Eating Disorder"
1761:
1609:"The role of gendered constructions of eating disorders in delayed help-seeking in men: a qualitative interview study"
794:
Puhl R, Suh Y (June 2015). "Health
Consequences of Weight Stigma: Implications for Obesity Prevention and Treatment".
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Men with binge eating often face unique barriers to seeking treatment due to socio-cultural expectations surrounding
205:
BED is characterized by uncontrollable, excessive eating, followed by feelings of shame and guilt. Unlike those with
202:
may occasionally experience episodes of overeating, frequent binge eating is often a symptom of an eating disorder.
280:
89:
of binge eating is associated with feelings of loss of control. Binge eating disorder is also linked with being
1709:
759:
Hodges EL, Cochrane CE, Brewerton TD (March 1998). "Family characteristics of binge-eating disorder patients".
460:
517:<55::aid-eat7>3.0.co;2-2 "Age of onset for binge eating: Are there different pathways to binge eating?"
638:
Lacey JH (August 1993). "Self-damaging and addictive behaviour in bulimia nervosa. A catchment area study".
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Tanofsky-Kraff M, Wilfley DE, Young JF, Mufson L, Yanovski SZ, Glasofer DR, Salaita CG (June 2007).
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312:
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Current treatments for binge eating disorder mainly consist of psychological therapies, such as
1099:"Preventing excessive weight gain in adolescents: interpersonal psychotherapy for binge eating"
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995:
355:
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110:
78:
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mentioned and listed binge eating under the listed criteria and features of bulimia in the
888:"Obesity with Comorbid Eating Disorders: Associated Health Risks and Treatment Approaches"
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839:"The Psychological and Medical Factors Associated With Untreated Binge Eating Disorder"
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1705:""Is amenorrhea a clinically useful criterion for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa?""
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One study found that people with obesity who experience binge eating have a higher
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85:. During such binges, a person rapidly consumes an excessive quantity of food. A
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which consists of episodes of uncontrollable eating. It is a common symptom of
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Binge eating episodes are associated with three (or more) of the following:
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1199:"Long-term efficacy of psychological treatments for binge eating disorder"
939:"Long-term efficacy of psychological treatments for binge eating disorder"
780:
659:
651:
616:
540:
515:
Spurrell, E. B.; Wilfley, D. E.; Tanofsky, M. B.; Brownell, K. D. (1996).
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Feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed, or very guilty after overeating
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10.1002/(sici)1098-108x(199803)23:2<145::aid-eat4>3.0.co;2-k
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Treatment Plans and
Interventions for Bulimia and Binge-Eating Disorder
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10.1002/(sici)1098-108x(199701)21:1<55::aid-eat7>3.0.co;2-2
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Pattern characterized by disorderly eating foods in every life activity
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Eating alone because of being embarrassed by how much one is eating
1703:
Dalle Grave, Riccardo; Calugi, Simona; Marchesini, Giulio (2012).
217:. However, many who have bulimia also have binge-eating disorder.
1756:
1666:"Men, depression and masculinities: A review and recommendations"
1554:"Male experiences of life after recovery from an eating disorder"
214:
210:
206:
94:
1196:
1096:
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The
British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science
560:
International
Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders
376:
Mitchell JE, Devlin MJ, de Zwaan M, Crow SJ, Peterson C (2007).
262:, also known as Vyvanse, is the only medication approved by the
1145:
514:
1146:
Rozakou-Soumalia N, Dârvariu Ş, Sjögren JM (September 2021).
209:, those with BED symptoms typically do not purge their food,
106:
1702:
1052:
680:
410:
Wilson GT, Wilfley DE, Agras WS, Bryson SW (January 2010).
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Absence of regular compensatory behaviors (such as purging)
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1499:"A qualitative analysis of male eating disorder symptoms"
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Ray, S. L. (2004). Eating disorders in adolescent males.
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Binge-Eating
Disorder: Clinical Foundations and Treatment
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758:
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Eating large amounts of food when not physically hungry
1552:
Björk, Tabita; Wallin, Karin; Pettersen, Gunn (2012).
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285:
1767:
1551:
1429:"Treatment challenges for men with eating disorders"
1259:"Psychopharmacologic Management of Eating Disorders"
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da Luz FQ, Hay P, Touyz S, Sainsbury A (June 2018).
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1021:
554:Dingemans AE, Bruna MJ, van Furth EF (March 2002).
412:"Psychological treatments of binge eating disorder"
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336:Cognitive behavioral treatment of eating disorders
157:can experience comorbid psychiatric instability.
117:Recurrent and persistent episodes of binge eating
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1252:
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1664:Oliffe, John L.; Phillips, Melanie J. (2009).
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1056:The International Journal of Eating Disorders
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761:The International Journal of Eating Disorders
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843:The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders
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109:includes a disorder diagnosis criterion for
1433:CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal
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521:International Journal of Eating Disorders
461:"New in the DSM-5: Binge Eating Disorder"
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1310:"HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION"
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126:Eating until feeling uncomfortably full
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140:Marked distress regarding binge eating
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254:Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT)
1406:American Journal of Health Education
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837:Sheehan DV, Herman BK (2015-04-23).
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123:Eating much more rapidly than normal
1341:American Health & Drug Benefits
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246:Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
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1257:Muratore AF, Attia E (July 2022).
609:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03393.x
428:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.170
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1203:The British Journal of Psychiatry
1032:. McGraw Hill. pp. 345–346.
943:The British Journal of Psychiatry
556:"Binge eating disorder: a review"
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250:Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT)
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1363:International Journal of Obesity
1152:Journal of Personalized Medicine
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1000:. Guilford Press. p. 28.
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416:Archives of General Psychiatry
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1427:Collier, Roger (2013-02-19).
382:. Guilford Press. p. 4.
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730:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000067
264:Food and Drug Administration
234:substance abuse/use disorder
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994:Zweig RD, Leahy RL (2012).
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260:Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate
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1822:Eating behaviors of humans
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1682:10.1016/j.jomh.2008.03.016
1375:10.1038/s41366-021-01032-9
1275:10.1007/s11920-022-01340-5
1263:Current Psychiatry Reports
490:nationaleatingdisorder.org
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1028:Nolen-Hoeksema S (2013).
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113:(BED). It is as follows:
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683:Comprehensive Psychiatry
341:Counterregulatory eating
1670:Journal of Men's Health
796:Current Obesity Reports
486:"Binge Eating Disorder"
184:, and higher levels of
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573:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801949
1445:10.1503/cmaj.109-4363
1030:(Ab)normal Psychology
652:10.1192/bjp.163.2.190
356:Prader-Willi Syndrome
331:Binge eating disorder
299:Men with binge eating
111:Binge Eating Disorder
79:binge eating disorder
1115:10.1038/oby.2007.162
855:10.4088/PCC.14r01732
1165:10.3390/jpm11090931
1054:controlled trial".
1786:External resources
905:10.3390/nu10070829
492:. 26 February 2017
1827:Hyperalimentation
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