4514:
728:, species are one of the kinds of item to be classified. In principle, the names given to species could be completely independent of their classification. This is not the case for binomial names, since the first part of a binomial is the name of the genus into which the species is placed. Above the rank of genus, binomial nomenclature and classification are partly independent; for example, a species retains its binomial name if it is moved from one family to another or from one order to another, unless it better fits a different genus in the same or different family, or it is split from its old genus and placed in a newly created genus. The independence is only partial since the names of families and other higher taxa are usually based on genera.
640:
627:, generally the earliest published if two or more names are accidentally assigned to a species. This means the species a binomial name refers to can be clearly identified, as compared to the common names of species which are usually different in every language. However, establishing that two names actually refer to the same species and then determining which has priority can sometimes be difficult, particularly if the species was named by biologists from different countries. Therefore, a species may have more than one regularly used name; all but one of these names are "
57:
539:
4842:
44:
399:
4310:
1216:
1955:
4852:
410:
designate or label the species, and second, to be a diagnosis or description; however, these two goals were eventually found to be incompatible. In a simple genus, containing only two species, it was easy to tell them apart with a one-word genus and a one-word specific name; but as more species were discovered, the names necessarily became longer and unwieldy, for instance,
2071:
is the harlequin ladybird in its black or melanic forms having four large orange or red spots. In botany, there are many ranks below species and although the name itself is written in three parts, a "connecting term" (not part of the name) is needed to show the rank. Thus, the
American black elder is
757:
A complete binomial name is always treated grammatically as if it were a phrase in the Latin language (hence the common use of the term "Latin name" for a binomial name). However, the two parts of a binomial name can each be derived from a number of sources, of which Latin is only one. These include:
714:
Because genus names are unique only within a nomenclature code, it is possible for homonyms (two or more species sharing the same genus name) to happen, and even the same binomial if they occur in different kingdoms. At least 1,258 instances of genus name duplication occur (mainly between zoology and
1683:
The first part of the binomial, the genus name, is always written with an initial capital letter. Older sources, particularly botanical works published before the 1950s, used a different convention: if the second part of the name was derived from a proper noun, e.g., the name of a person or place, a
1613:
sets out precise rules by which a personal name is to be converted to a specific epithet. In particular, names ending in a consonant (but not "er") are treated as first being converted into Latin by adding "-ius" (for a man) or "-ia" (for a woman), and then being made genitive (i.e. meaning "of that
683:
element is constant. Similarly, if what were previously thought to be two distinct species are demoted to a lower rank, such as subspecies, the second part of the binomial name is retained as a trinomen (the third part of the new name). Thus, the
Tenerife robin may be treated as a different species
2029:
Binomial nomenclature, as described here, is a system for naming species. Implicitly, it includes a system for naming genera, since the first part of the name of the species is a genus name. In a classification system based on ranks, there are also ways of naming ranks above the level of genus and
1710:
The binomial name should generally be written in full. The exception to this is when several species from the same genus are being listed or discussed in the same paper or report, or the same species is mentioned repeatedly; in which case the genus is written in full when it is first used, but may
409:
Prior to the adoption of the modern binomial system of naming species, a scientific name consisted of a generic name combined with a specific name that was from one to several words long. Together they formed a system of polynomial nomenclature. These names had two separate functions. First, to
1805:
but not certainly identified as this species". In molecular systematics papers, "cf." may be used to indicate one or more undescribed species assumed to be related to a described species. For example, in a paper describing the phylogeny of small benthic freshwater fish called darters, five
657:, tend to favor stability. For example, when species are transferred between genera (as not uncommonly happens as a result of new knowledge), the second part of the binomial is kept the same (unless it becomes a homonym). Thus, there is disagreement among botanists as to whether the genera
1845:
In scholarly texts, at least the first or main use of the binomial name is usually followed by the "authority" – a way of designating the scientist(s) who first published the name. The authority is written in slightly different ways in zoology and botany. For names governed by the
710:
with the new genus if the specific epithet is an adjective modifying the genus name. Some biologists have argued for the combination of the genus name and specific epithet into a single unambiguous name, or for the use of uninomials (as used in nomenclature of ranks above species).
505:
Linnaeus's trivial names introduced the important new idea that the function of a name could simply be to give a species a unique label, meaning that the name no longer needed to be descriptive. Both parts could, for example, be derived from the names of people. Thus Gerard's
285:; the parentheses indicate that the species is now placed in a different genus. The ICZN does not require that the name of the person who changed the genus be given, nor the date on which the change was made, although nomenclatorial catalogs usually include such information.
1473:), it is a "specific epithet". Together, these two parts are referred to as a "species name" or "binomen" in the zoological code: or "species name", "binomial", or "binary combination" in the botanical code. "Species name" is the only term common to the two codes.
705:
Binomial nomenclature for species has the effect that when a species is moved from one genus to another, sometimes the specific name or epithet must be changed as well. This may happen because the specific name is already used in the new genus, or to
454:(1560–1624), took some important steps towards the binomial system by pruning the Latin descriptions, in many cases to two words. The adoption by biologists of a system of strictly binomial nomenclature is due to Swedish botanist and physician
186:) containing many names of genera that were later adopted by Linnaeus. Binomial nomenclature was introduced in order to provide succinct, relatively stable and verifiable names that could be used and understood internationally, unlike
1750:
The abbreviation "sp." is used when the actual specific name cannot or need not be specified. The abbreviation "spp." (plural) indicates "several species". These abbreviations are not italicised (or underlined). For example:
4236:
McNeill, J.; Barrie, F. R.; Buck, W. R.; Demoulin, V.; Greuter, W.; Hawksworth, D. L.; Herendeen, P. S.; Knapp, S.; Marhold, K.; Prado, J.; Prud'homme Van Reine, W. F.; Smith, G. F.; Wiersema, J. H.; Turland, N. J. (2012).
3212:
Radio San
Gabriel, "Instituto Radiofonico de Promoción Aymara" (IRPA) 1993, Republicado por Instituto de las Lenguas y Literaturas Andinas-Amazónicas (ILLLA-A) 2011, Transcripción del Vocabulario de la Lengua Aymara, P.
742:
organisms. Binomial nomenclature is thus an important part of taxonomy as it is the system by which species are named. Taxonomists are also concerned with classification, including its principles, procedures and rules.
1792:
in Latin) is used to compare individuals/taxa with known/described species. Conventions for use of the "cf." qualifier vary. In paleontology, it is typically used when the identification is not confirmed. For example,
2278:
1630:
does not require the intermediate creation of a Latin form of a personal name, allowing the genitive ending to be added directly to the personal name. This explains the difference between the names of the plant
723:
Nomenclature (including binomial nomenclature) is not the same as classification, although the two are related. Classification is the ordering of items into groups based on similarities or differences; in
430:
Such "polynomial names" may sometimes look like binomials, but are significantly different. For example, Gerard's herbal (as amended by
Johnson) describes various kinds of spiderwort: "The first is called
1583:", has been suggested, although implementation is not in sight. (There is also a published code for a different system of biotic nomenclature, which does not use ranks above species, but instead names
3508:
International code of zoological nomenclature, adopted by the XV International
Congress of Zoology / Code international de nomenclature zoologique, adopté par le XVe Congrès international de zoologie
265:
Linnaeus, 1758". The name "Linnaeus" tells the reader who published the name and description for this species; 1758 is the year the name and original description were published (in this case, in the
2835:
2363:
1043:. Latin nouns can have three genders, masculine, feminine and neuter, and many Latin adjectives will have two or three different endings, depending upon the gender of the noun they refer to. The
1382:
Whereas the first part of a binomial name must be unique within the purview of each nomenclatural code, the second part is quite commonly used in two or more genera (as is shown by examples of
2585:
The
Herball, or, Generall Historie of Plantes /gathered by John Gerarde of London, Master in Chirurgerie; very much enlarged and amended by Thomas Johnson, Citizen and Apothecarye of London
1806:
undescribed putative species (Ozark, Sheltowee, Wildcat, Ihiyo, and
Mamequit darters), notable for brightly colored nuptial males with distinctive color patterns, were referred to as "
530:, whose armies introduced eastern parakeets to Greece. Linnaeus's trivial names were much easier to remember and use than the parallel polynomial names, and eventually replaced them.
217:). Although the general principles underlying binomial nomenclature are common to these two codes, there are some differences in the terminology they use and their particular rules.
590:
Widespread use. The binomial system of nomenclature is governed by international codes and is used by biologists worldwide. A few binomials have also entered common speech, such as
2119:
1410:
752:
205:
2269:
2030:
below the level of species. Ranks above genus (e.g., family, order, class) receive one-part names, which are conventionally not written in italics. Thus, the house sparrow,
4240:
International Code of
Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code) adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011
1861:
recommends that the "original author and date of a name should be cited at least once in each work dealing with the taxon denoted by that name." For names governed by the
1818:(orangethroat darter). This view was supported to varying degrees by DNA analysis. The somewhat informal use of taxa names with qualifying abbreviations is referred to as
2274:
1769:". (These abbreviations should not be confused with the abbreviations "ssp." (zoology) or "subsp." (botany), plurals "sspp." or "subspp.", referring to one or more
1394:
From the early 19th century onwards it became ever more apparent that a body of rules was necessary to govern scientific names. In the course of time these became
555:
The value of the binomial nomenclature system derives primarily from its economy, its widespread use, and the uniqueness and stability of names that the Codes of
1035:
The second part of the name, which identifies the species within the genus, is also treated grammatically as a Latin word. It can have one of a number of forms:
575:
Economy. Compared to the polynomial system which it replaced, a binomial name is shorter and easier to remember. It corresponds to the noun-adjective form many
2975:
2049:. In zoology, the only formal rank below species is subspecies and the name is written simply as three parts (a trinomen). Thus, one of the subspecies of the
1850:
the surname is usually written in full together with the date (normally only the year) of publication. One example of author citation of scientific name is: "
220:
In modern usage, the first letter of the generic name is always capitalized in writing, while that of the specific epithet is not, even when derived from a
2843:
2375:
2041:
Ranks below species receive three-part names, conventionally written in italics like the names of species. There are significant differences between the
988:
1703:
When used with a common name, the scientific name often follows in parentheses, although this varies with publication. For example, "The house sparrow (
4270:
3972:
3910:
193:
The application of binomial nomenclature is now governed by various internationally agreed codes of rules, of which the two most important are the
4513:
1872:
When the original name is changed, e.g., the species is moved to a different genus, both codes use parentheses around the original authority; the
669:
are sufficiently different for them to be kept separate. Those who keep them separate give the plant commonly grown in gardens in Europe the name
579:
take to indicate a species within a group (for example, 'brown bear' to refer to a particular type of bear), as well as the widespread system of
3537:
3411:
1446:
1424:
3520:
4549:
2593:
1400:
195:
110:
982:
976:
623:
Uniqueness. Provided that taxonomists agree as to the limits of a species, it can have only one name that is correct under the appropriate
3376:
1462:
al nomenclature" is the technically correct term in zoology. A binomial name is also called a binomen (plural binomina) or binominal name.
1318:
would have been used. The person commemorated in the binomial name is not usually (if ever) the person who created the name; for example,
631:". Furthermore, within zoology or botany, each species name applies to only one species. If a name is used more than once, it is called a
4033:
2124:
238:. Often, after a species name is introduced in a text, the generic name is abbreviated to the first letter in subsequent mentions (e.g.,
4084:
Near, T. J.; Bossu, C. M.; Bradburd, G. S.; Carlson, R. L.; Harrington, R. C.; Hollingsworth, P. R.; Keck, B. P.; Etnier, D. A. (2011).
3887:
3643:
2533:
2402:
970:
3511:(in French and English). Vol. 1961 (1 ed.). London: The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature. pp. 11, 148.
2129:
3941:
2114:
4352:
4238:
3775:
2884:
1825:
In some contexts, the dagger symbol ("†") may be used before or after the binomial name to indicate that the species is extinct.
822:, "tree". Greek words are often converted to a Latinized form. Thus coca (the plant from which cocaine is obtained) has the name
2992:
2429:
Stearn, William T. (1959). "The
Background of Linnaeus's Contributions to the Nomenclature and Methods of Systematic Biology".
1976:
3150:
4248:
4219:
4198:
4179:
4150:
4068:
3857:
3815:
3747:
3489:
3093:
3064:
2818:
2760:
2724:
2695:
2658:
2627:
2566:
2527:
61:
1894:
L. – "L." is the standard abbreviation for "Linnaeus"; the absence of parentheses shows that this is his original name.
1747:, these two both often appearing in this form in popular writing even where the full genus name has not already been given.
653:
Stability. Although stability is far from absolute, the procedures associated with establishing binomial names, such as the
4559:
3554:
3166:
2906:
Michener, Charles D. (1964). "The possible use of uninominal nomenclature to increase the stability of names in biology".
1189:
The second part of a binomial may be a noun in the nominative case. An example is the binomial name of the lion, which is
3677:
1386:
above), but cannot be used more than once within a single genus. The full binomial name must be unique within each code.
249:
for a binomial name is usually given, at least when it is first mentioned, and the year of publication may be specified.
4855:
3415:
3158:
2464:
1465:
Both codes consider the first part of the two-part name for a species to be the "generic name". In the zoological code (
4812:
1039:
The second part of a binomial may be an adjective. If so, the form of the adjective must agree with the genus name in
2942:
2002:
1984:
1869:
maintains an approved list of botanical author abbreviations. Historically, abbreviations were used in zoology too.
474:) after a generic name (genus name) in a system of binomial nomenclature. Trivial names had already appeared in his
4878:
4314:
3841:
2941:
Cantino, P. D.; Bryant, H. D.; de
Queiroz, K.; Donoghue, M. J.; Eriksson, T.; Hillis, D. M.; Lee, M. S. Y. (1999).
1458:"Binomial nomenclature" is the correct term for botany, although it is also used by zoologists. Since 1961, "binomi
502:). The Bauhins' genus names were retained in many of these, but the descriptive part was reduced to a single word.
4678:
4118:
1866:
1495:
The starting points, the time from which these codes are in effect (retroactively), vary from group to group. In
443:, Soon-Fading Spiderwort of Virginia". The Latin phrases are short descriptions, rather than identifying labels.
266:
228:
in normal text (or underlined in handwriting). Thus the binomial name of the annual phlox (named after botanist
4883:
4724:
3918:
3294:
2494:
2371:
2038:. Family names are normally based on genus names, although the endings used differ between zoology and botany.
1980:
935:
17:
2589:
2316:
2238:. It is written in italic form. Followed by the last name of the scientist who discovered it (Heinrich Benno
2099:
1601:
As noted above, there are some differences between the codes in how binomials can be formed; for example the
1643:
requires names not published in the form required by the code to be corrected to conform to it, whereas the
4684:
1112:
is neuter. Some common endings for Latin adjectives in the three genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) are
4145:. illustrated by Robert Gillmor. Calton, Staffordshire, England: T. & A. D. Poyser. pp. 114–115.
3676:. Successful Learning, Center for Development of Teaching and Learning, National University of Singapore.
1609:
does not. Another difference is in how personal names are used in forming specific names or epithets. The
1480:, the plant code, does not allow the two parts of a binomial name to be the same (such a name is called a
4345:
4283:
3987:
3269:
3183:
3136:
2024:
517:
1711:
then be abbreviated to an initial (and a period/full stop). For example, a list of members of the genus
707:
639:
378:
may validly refer to either of the epithets in the binomial name, which can equally be referred to as a
4817:
4375:
3178:
1908:
1454:), a taxonomic code, which determines taxa as well as names. These codes differ in certain ways, e.g.:
996:
The first part of the name, which identifies the genus, must be a word which can be treated as a Latin
229:
4802:
4672:
4493:
2275:"Article 5. Principle of Binominal Nomenclature | International Code of Zoological Nomenclature"
2164:
1836:
487:
3534:
4807:
3506:
1965:
1937:
1840:
1727:". In rare cases, this abbreviated form has spread to more general use; for example, the bacterium
1509:
the starting point is 1758 (1 January 1758 is considered the date of the publication of Linnaeus's
1325:
1232:(possessive) case. The genitive case is constructed in a number of ways in Latin, depending on the
915:
31:
3228:
2583:
3831:
2016:
1969:
556:
512:
495:
4845:
4782:
4544:
4338:
3807:
3800:
3360:
2134:
2020:
1890:
1312:
endings show that in each case Hodgson was a man (not the same one); had Hodgson been a woman,
564:
560:
298:
126:
4013:
3739:
2748:
2648:
2556:
1183:
372:
was used to signify one term in a binomial expression in mathematics. In fact, the Latin word
3835:
3795:
3632:
2808:
2712:
2517:
2082:
1899:
1516:
522:
307:
142:– distinguishes the species within the genus. For example, modern humans belong to the genus
35:
3481:
2398:
4589:
4501:
4469:
4437:
4405:
4397:
3230:
Diccionario Bilingüe: Iskay simipi yuyayk’anch: Quechua – Castellano / Castellano – Quechua
2109:
927:
482:
3917:. Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University. Archived from
3282:
2836:"Hyacinthaceae – little blue bulbs (RHS Plant Trials and Awards, Bulletin Number 11)"
1328:, in honour of Hodgson. Rather than a person, the noun may be related to a place, as with
8:
4777:
4714:
4652:
4485:
4389:
3108:
2139:
1655:
By tradition, the binomial names of species are usually typeset in italics; for example,
1331:
1094:
906:
527:
4732:
56:
4772:
4569:
4533:
4528:
4139:
3949:
3879:
3474:
2923:
2446:
2050:
1778:
1395:
1285:
1279:
1220:
1040:
1024:
1005:
997:
880:
731:
725:
654:
628:
568:
70:
4254:
3781:
2866:
4827:
4579:
4574:
4538:
4477:
4445:
4244:
4215:
4194:
4175:
4146:
4107:
4064:
4057:
3871:
3863:
3853:
3811:
3743:
3716:
3485:
3286:
3214:
3089:
3060:
3000:
2967:
2814:
2756:
2720:
2691:
2654:
2623:
2562:
2523:
2144:
2063:
1920:
1819:
1501:
1266:
in the plural. The noun may be part of a person's name, often the surname, as in the
876:
861:
824:
671:
632:
624:
610:
460:
277:
170:
156:
4787:
4612:
3883:
2364:"What's in a name? A history of taxonomy: Linnaeus and the birth of modern taxonomy"
1692:. A capital was also used when the name is formed by two nouns in apposition, e.g.,
405:(1707–1778), a Swedish botanist, invented the modern system of binomial nomenclature
89:, although they can be based on words from other languages. Such a name is called a
4704:
4607:
4429:
4413:
4207:
4124:
4097:
3845:
3619:
3595:
3512:
3504:
3448:
3341:
3278:
3035:
2957:
2915:
2438:
2303:
2265:
1865:
the name is generally reduced to a standard abbreviation and the date omitted. The
1729:
1343:
1267:
1233:
734:
includes both nomenclature and classification. Its first stages (sometimes called "
544:
476:
234:
4637:
1199:
to the genus name and the two nouns do not have to agree in gender; in this case,
4742:
4709:
4647:
4642:
4632:
4564:
4421:
4381:
3541:
3188:
2777:
1511:
1499:
the starting point will often be in 1753 (the year Carl Linnaeus first published
1355:
1001:
872:
604:
261:
4668:
4622:
3562:
3332:, a new genus of microbombyliids from the New World (Diptera: Mythicomyiidae)".
3131:
85:
of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use
4822:
4689:
4602:
4209:
4086:"Phylogeny and temporal diversification of darters (Percidae: Etheostomatinae)"
3112:
3081:
2104:
2058:
1361:
1340:". Another use of genitive nouns is in, for example, the name of the bacterium
1337:
767:
735:
696:
element of the name is constant, as are its authorship and year of publication.
644:
451:
423:
418:
412:
Plantago foliis ovato-lanceolatus pubescentibus, spica cylindrica, scapo tereti
175:
3849:
3669:
2472:
1700:. In current usage, the second part is never written with an initial capital.
4872:
4797:
4767:
4694:
4597:
4461:
4453:
4361:
3875:
3720:
3174:
3040:
3023:
2875:
1739:
1419:
1229:
1044:
959:
919:
911:
805:
795:
538:
455:
402:
165:
86:
4320:
4272:
Plant Names: A Guide for Horticulturists, Nurserymen, Gardeners and Students
4102:
4085:
3516:
3345:
2962:
2205:
The modern notation was resisted by some, partly because writing names like
1469:), the second part of the name is a "specific name". In the botanical code (
879:. Since many dinosaur fossils were found in Mongolia, their names often use
4699:
4111:
3290:
2971:
2747:
Russell, Peter J.; Wolfe, Stephen L.; Hertz, Paul E.; Starr, Cecie (2007).
2359:
1657:
1523:
1010:
800:
592:
414:("plantain with pubescent ovate-lanceolate leaves, a cylindric spike and a
187:
150:
48:
3024:"The problem of hemihomonyms and the on-line hemihomonyms database (HHDB)"
738:") are concerned with finding, describing and naming species of living or
520:, an English botanist and gardener. A bird in the parrot family was named
4762:
4627:
3837:
Scientific Writing and Communication in Agriculture and Natural Resources
3399:
580:
576:
221:
30:"Latin name" redirects here. For personal names in the Roman Empire, see
4325:
4059:
Peterson field guide to freshwater fishes: North America north of Mexico
1673:." When handwritten, a binomial name should be underlined; for example,
850:(-on), when it is neuter, is often converted to the Latin neuter ending
351:
340:
4243:. Regnum Vegetabile 154. Königstein, Germany: Koeltz Scientific Books.
2927:
2471:. Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales. Archived from
2450:
2163:
Some sources say that both John Tradescant the Younger and his father,
2035:
1802:
1770:
1531:
Summary of terminology for the names of species in the ICZN and ICNafp
1196:
659:
584:
43:
3736:
Writing for Science and Engineering: Papers, Presentations and Reports
398:
4757:
4752:
4617:
4214:(4th ed.). The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature.
3476:
Guide to reference and information sources in the zoological sciences
3365: – A New Plant from Lower Devonian of Southeastern Yunnan China"
2519:
University botany: Angiosperms, plant embryology and plant physiology
1589:
897:
771:
616:
357:
225:
4792:
4191:
Plant Names Simplified: Their Pronunciation Derivation & Meaning
3260:
2919:
2620:
Plant Names Simplified: Their Pronunciation Derivation & Meaning
2442:
1954:
1215:
938:
or other re-orderings of existing names. Thus the name of the genus
4309:
3086:
Dry Store Room No. 1: The Secret Life of the Natural History Museum
1881:
1774:
1481:
1433:
323:
does not require that the dates of either publication be specified.
3867:
3561:. International Union of Microbiological Societies. Archived from
2312:
2307:
4737:
1876:
also requires the person who made the change to be given. In the
1851:
1814:" because they had been viewed as related to, but distinct from,
1506:
1488:, the animal code, does. Thus the American bison has the binomen
1437:
1060:
885:
598:
302:
L." – "L." is the standard abbreviation used for "Linnaeus".
254:
224:
such as the name of a person or place. Similarly, both parts are
82:
4330:
1924:(Linnaeus, 1758) – the original name given by Linnaeus was
4279:
4022:
from a late Quaternary cave deposit in northern Matanzas, Cuba"
3265:
as a vector of pathogens affecting humans in the United States"
2940:
2313:"Glossary | International Code of Zoological Nomenclature"
2120:
List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names
1936:
does not require the name of the person who changed the genus (
1496:
1411:
International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants
1236:
of the noun. Common endings for masculine and neuter nouns are
1019:
1015:
946:
940:
753:
List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names
739:
665:
447:
415:
311:(L.) Rothm." – Linnaeus first named this bluebell species
291:
206:
International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants
934:
Other sources. Some binomial names have been constructed from
718:
3167:
3159:
3151:
2235:
2187:
2177:
1903:(L.) Rothm. – Linnaeus first named the Italian bluebell
1757:
1584:
1441:
964:
951:
845:
839:
833:
809:
763:
345:
164:
introduction of this system of naming species is credited to
131:
4208:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1999).
3505:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1961).
1647:
is more protective of the form used by the original author.
904:
Names of people (often naturalists or biologists). The name
439:, Unbranched Spiderwort. The other ... is aptly termed
134:
to which the species belongs, whereas the second part – the
34:. For the practice of rendering names in a Latin style, see
1665:
different from that used in the normal text; for example, "
1662:
1059:("domestic") simply means "associated with the house". The
1029:
962:
described a number of species of flies in a genus he named
281:(Linnaeus, 1758)". The original name given by Linnaeus was
144:
3796:"Linnaean Nomenclature of Plants, Animals, & Bacteria"
3692:
2176:
The ending "-on" may derive from the neuter Greek ending -
1614:
person or persons"). This produces specific epithets like
3824:
3715:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. xix.
2717:
Conservation biology: foundations, concepts, applications
2613:
2611:
2588:. Adam Islip, Joice Norton and Richard Whitakers and the
2270:
Chapter 2, Article 5. Principle of Binominal Nomenclature
1785:
1596:
955:
366:, Latin for 'name'). In Medieval Latin, the related word
4125:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999
4083:
3670:"Understanding and Learning Scientific Names of Species"
3620:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999
3596:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999
3449:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999
2304:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999
2266:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999
2261:
2259:
2080:; the white-flowered form of the ivy-leaved cyclamen is
2618:
Johnson, A. T.; Smith, H. A.; Stockdale, A. P. (2019).
1492:; a name of this kind would not be allowed for a plant.
121:
a typographic error, meaning "two-name naming system".
117:, with an "n" before the "al" in "binominal", which is
3498:
2746:
2608:
1579:
Unifying the different codes into a single code, the "
1526:
started anew, with a starting point on 1 January 1980.
3226:
2617:
2486:
2256:
1801:" was used to indicate "a fossil bird similar to the
688:, or as only a subspecies, in which case its name is
4211:
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature online
486:(1751). This trivial name is what is now known as a
3780:. Sydney, NSW: Macquarie University. Archived from
2299:
2297:
1228:The second part of a binomial may be a noun in the
1182:, meaning "smaller"). For further information, see
684:from the European robin, in which case its name is
105:; more informally it is also historically called a
4138:
4056:
3799:
3473:
3259:Childs, James E.; Paddock, Christopher D. (2003).
2225:is derived from the Greek name for the cornflower.
4193:. Buckenhill, Herefordshire: Landsmans Bookshop.
3738:. Oxford; Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann. p.
2864:
1661:. Generally, the binomial should be printed in a
1567:species name, binary combination, binomial (name)
4870:
4282:, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. Archived from
3480:. Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited. p.
3217:1612 (Spanish-Aymara-Aymara-Spanish dictionary)
2294:
1755:sp." means "an unspecified species of the genus
1358:". This formation is common in parasites, as in
3397:
2810:Dictionary of concepts in physical anthropology
2642:
2640:
2308:Glossary – "binomen", "nomenclature, binominal"
2242:), a comma, and the year when it was published.
1684:capital letter was used. Thus, the modern form
1004:. It must be unique within the purview of each
890:
746:
190:which are usually different in every language.
93:(which may be shortened to just "binomial"), a
3788:
3710:
3412:International Union for Conservation of Nature
2833:
2755:. Vol. 2. Cengage Learning. p. 493.
1765:spp." means "two or more species of the genus
1447:International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
1425:International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria
160:is likely the most widely known binomial. The
4346:
4169:
4136:
3733:
3555:"A short history of the Bacteriological Code"
3436:
3315:
3258:
3246:
3200:
2842:. Royal Horticultural Society. Archived from
2673:
2581:
1822:and it is not subject to strict usage codes.
1401:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
859:Other languages. The second part of the name
196:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
111:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
4188:
4172:Plants and their names: A concise dictionary
3698:
3633:"How to Write Scientific Names of Organisms"
3107:
2943:"Species names in phylogenetic nomenclature"
2713:"Contemporary Issues of the Species Concept"
2637:
2469:Le Trésor de la langue française informatisé
1605:allows both parts to be the same, while the
1294:). The meaning is "of the person named", so
866:
464:that he began consistently using a one-word
3236:. La Paz, Bolivia: futatraw.ourproject.org.
2125:List of organisms named after famous people
1983:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1373:
1367:
1359:
1349:
1341:
1329:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1277:
1271:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1206:
1200:
1190:
1177:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1098:
1088:
1082:
1073:
1064:
1054:
1048:
851:
787:
781:
775:
719:Relationship to classification and taxonomy
469:
385:
379:
373:
367:
361:
349:
4353:
4339:
3119:. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd. p. 8.
2813:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 53.
1195:. Grammatically the noun is said to be in
4101:
3777:Writing Guide: Language, Words and Format
3039:
2961:
2834:Dashwood, Melanie; Mathew, Brian (2005).
2806:
2800:
2548:
2130:List of zoologists by author abbreviation
2003:Learn how and when to remove this message
1650:
1014:is an extinct species of plant, found as
1008:, but can be repeated between them. Thus
587:(s) used to name people in many cultures.
4054:
4011:
3970:
3830:
3327:
3021:
2905:
2710:
2704:
2688:Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
2646:
2509:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2213:is an adjective which should agree with
2115:List of botanists by author abbreviation
1626:for the Braun sisters. By contrast, the
1214:
774:. Thus, both parts of the binomial name
638:
537:
458:(1707–1778). It was in Linnaeus's 1753
397:
315:; Rothmaler transferred it to the genus
77:("two-term naming system"), also called
55:
42:
4063:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. plate 52.
3802:Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary
3768:
3471:
3054:
2865:Bergmann, H. H.; Schottler, B. (2001).
2685:
2622:. Sheffield, Yorkshire: 5M Publishing.
2354:
2352:
2350:
2339:Busby, Arthur III; et al. (1997).
2057:. Informally, in some circumstances, a
1880:, the original name is then called the
1743:is perhaps even better known simply as
14:
4871:
4851:
4321:Curiosities of Biological Nomenclature
4268:
3933:
3552:
3400:"IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:
3080:
3074:
2775:
2740:
2582:Gerard, John; Johnson, Thomas (1636).
2428:
1597:Differences in handling personal names
1254:in the plural, and for feminine nouns
526:, meaning "Alexander's parrot", after
168:, effectively beginning with his work
4334:
3902:
3625:
3283:10.1146/annurev.ento.48.091801.112728
2650:Systema naturae 250: The Linnaean ark
2554:
2522:. New Age International. p. 34.
2515:
2417:
2338:
1553:species name, binomen, binominal name
1408:) governs the naming of animals, the
931:, is widespread in the United States.
925:Names of places. The lone star tick,
148:and within this genus to the species
62:Trichocereus macrogonus var. pachanoi
4189:Johnson, A.T.; Smith, H. A. (1972).
4036:from the original on 27 January 2018
3442:
3418:from the original on 26 October 2012
3358:
3022:Shipunov, Alexey (16 January 2013).
3015:
2985:
2981:from the original on 9 October 2022.
2596:from the original on 11 October 2017
2561:. Frances Lincoln Ltd. p. 266.
2536:from the original on 2 February 2023
2405:from the original on 17 October 2016
2347:
2319:from the original on 6 February 2023
1981:adding citations to reliable sources
1948:
675:; those who do not give it the name
4174:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
4170:Hyam, R.; Pankhurst, R. J. (1995).
3661:
3059:. London: Elsevier Academic Press.
2769:
435:, Branched Spiderwort; the second,
24:
4813:Linnean Society of New South Wales
4262:
3939:
3890:from the original on 28 March 2023
3667:
3523:from the original on 29 March 2023
3398:Iskandar, D.; Mumpuni, D. (2004).
3297:from the original on 7 August 2020
3129:
2497:from the original on 11 April 2023
2396:
2281:from the original on 29 March 2023
1911:later transferred it to the genus
113:(ICZN), the system is also called
25:
4895:
4360:
4302:
4055:Page, L. M.; Burr, B. M. (1991).
3908:
3842:Springer International Publishing
3806:. Merriam-Webster. 2003. p.
3680:from the original on 21 July 2011
3117:Principles of Angiosperm Taxonomy
2749:"Species Concepts and Speciation"
2558:Linnaeus: The compleat naturalist
2358:
2186:, or the masculine Greek ending -
1093:is masculine. The tropical fruit
950:. Names may also be derived from
944:is derived by reversing the name
780:are Latin words, meaning "wise" (
648:, the Tenerife robin or petirrojo
124:The first part of the name – the
4850:
4841:
4840:
4512:
4308:
4137:Summers-Smith, J. Denis (1988).
4026:Journal of Caribbean Ornithology
3649:from the original on 4 July 2011
3379:from the original on 7 July 2011
2778:"General Principles of Taxonomy"
2234:Here Amabela is the name of the
1953:
1300:means "Hodgson's magnolia". The
832:is derived from the Greek words
762:Latin, from any period, whether
516:, where the genus name honoured
508:Phalangium ephemerum virginianum
441:Phalangium Ephemerum Virginianum
184:Illustrated exposition of plants
4269:Crinan, Alexander, ed. (2007).
4163:
4130:
4077:
4048:
4005:
3964:
3756:
3734:Silyn-Roberts, Heather (2000).
3727:
3704:
3613:
3601:
3589:
3577:
3546:
3465:
3453:
3430:
3391:
3352:
3321:
3309:
3252:
3240:
3220:
3206:
3194:
3144:
3123:
3101:
3048:
2934:
2899:
2887:from the original on 7 May 2019
2858:
2827:
2753:The Linnaean System of Taxonomy
2679:
2667:
2575:
2228:
2217:, i.e. that the name should be
2199:
2170:
2157:
1867:International Plant Names Index
1130:(as in the previous example of
174:in 1753. But as early as 1622,
81:, is a formal system of naming
52:, the orca or the killer whale
3668:Tan, Hugh T.W.; Tan, Kai-xin.
3227:Teofilo Laime Ajacopa (2007).
2871: – a species of its own?"
2479:
2457:
2390:
2372:Natural History Museum, London
2332:
1944:
1028:is a species of frog found in
246:
13:
1:
4747:including the Linnaeus Museum
4679:Elisabeth Christina von Linné
3713:Glossary of the British Flora
2869:Erithacus (rubecula) superbus
2590:Biodiversity Heritage Library
2249:
2100:Glossary of scientific naming
2061:may be appended. For example
1733:is often referred to as just
338:is composed of two elements:
4280:Horticultural Taxonomy Group
4235:
3986:(1): 223–227. Archived from
3762:
3607:
3583:
3459:
3088:, London: Harper Perennial,
3055:Simpson, Michael G. (2006).
2776:Darpan, Pratiyogita (2007).
2690:. London: Christopher Helm.
2401:. Kyoto University Library.
2341:A Guide to Rocks and Fossils
2167:, were intended by Linnaeus.
1830:
1707:) is decreasing in Europe."
1418:) that of plants (including
1372:means "of the wasps", since
1184:Latin declension: Adjectives
840:
834:
747:Derivation of binomial names
329:
7:
3711:Gilbert-Carter, H. (1955).
3328:Evenhuis, Neal L. (2002). "
3270:Annual Review of Entomology
3137:Online Etymology Dictionary
2807:Stevenson, Joan C. (1991).
2093:
2055:Anthus hodgsoni berezowskii
2025:Infraspecific name (botany)
871:, the name of the plant in
700:
690:Erithacus rubecula superbus
645:Erithacus rubecula superbus
518:John Tradescant the Younger
421:"), which we know today as
10:
4900:
4818:Linnean Tercentenary Medal
3942:"Taxonomy – A Primer"
3834:; Nair, Vimala D. (2014).
3640:Competition Science Vision
3371:(in Chinese and English).
3168:
3160:
3152:
2782:Competition Science Vision
2686:Jobling, James A. (2010).
2653:. CRC Press. p. 189.
2194:Rhodochiton atrosanguineus
2188:
2178:
2014:
1834:
1444:names are governed by the
1097:is a product of the plant
846:
844:, wood. The Greek ending -
810:
750:
393:
348:prefix meaning 'two') and
29:
4836:
4803:Linnean Society of London
4723:
4673:Carl Linnaeus the Younger
4661:
4588:
4541:(Linnaean classification)
4521:
4510:
4494:Mantissa Plantarum Altera
4368:
3850:10.1007/978-3-319-03101-9
3553:Sneath, P. H. A. (2003).
3437:Hyam & Pankhurst 1995
3316:Hyam & Pankhurst 1995
3247:Hyam & Pankhurst 1995
3201:Hyam & Pankhurst 1995
2674:Hyam & Pankhurst 1995
2647:Polaszek, Andrew (2009).
2165:John Tradescant the Elder
1837:Author citation (zoology)
1622:for Wilson (female), and
1515:, 10th Edition, and also
914:, a French botanist, and
910:commemorates two people:
726:biological classification
267:10th edition of the book
245:In scientific works, the
4808:Swedish Linnaeus Society
3832:Nair, P. K. Ramachandran
3699:Johnson & Smith 1972
3598:, Chap. 7, Article 3.1.2
3041:10.11646/bionomina.4.1.3
2719:. Springer. p. 86.
2399:"Pinax theatri botanici"
2150:
2034:, belongs to the family
1938:Mathurin Jacques Brisson
1907:; that is the basionym.
1841:Author citation (botany)
1556:generic name, genus name
1389:
1326:Charles Wallace Richmond
901:meaning "beautiful one".
548:, commonly shortened to
533:
32:Roman naming conventions
4879:Biological nomenclature
4550:Zoological nomenclature
3622:, Chap. 7, Article 32.3
3517:10.5962/bhl.title.50303
3472:Schmidt, Diane (2003).
3346:10.11646/zootaxa.36.1.1
3184:A Greek–English Lexicon
2963:10.1080/106351599260012
2711:Van Dyke, Fred (2008).
2555:Blunt, Wilfrid (2004).
2017:Biological nomenclature
1671:fossils were discovered
1378:is a parasite of wasps.
513:Tradescantia virginiana
178:introduced in his book
87:Latin grammatical forms
4560:Taxa named by Linnaeus
4545:Botanical nomenclature
4326:NCBI Taxonomy Database
4315:List of valid homonyms
3359:Geng, Bao-Yin (1985).
2993:"HemiHomonym Database"
2135:Scientific terminology
2021:Trinomial nomenclature
1891:Amaranthus retroflexus
1651:Writing binomial names
1374:
1368:
1360:
1350:
1342:
1330:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1278:
1272:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1244:
1238:
1224:
1207:
1201:
1191:
1178:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1160:, meaning "sad"); and
1156:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1099:
1089:
1083:
1074:
1065:
1055:
1049:
1047:has the binomial name
895:, meaning "brain", or
891:
867:
852:
814:, itself derived from
788:
782:
776:
649:
571:Nomenclature provide:
552:
470:
437:Phalangium non ramosum
406:
386:
380:
374:
368:
362:
350:
339:
299:Amaranthus retroflexus
203:) for animals and the
180:Pinax theatri botanici
115:binominal nomenclature
66:
65:, the San Pedro cactus
53:
4884:Neo-Latin terminology
4555:Binomial nomenclature
4376:Linnaeus bibliography
4127:, Recommendation 51a.
4103:10.1093/sysbio/syr052
4012:Orihuela, J. (2013).
3971:Bengtson, P. (1988).
3540:29 March 2023 at the
3175:Liddell, Henry George
2516:Reddy, S. M. (2007).
2083:Cyclamen hederifolium
1900:Hyacinthoides italica
1816:Etheostoma spectabile
1715:might be written as "
1218:
655:principle of priority
642:
541:
401:
308:Hyacinthoides italica
75:binomial nomenclature
59:
46:
36:Latinisation of names
27:Species naming system
4685:Students of Linnaeus
4590:Apostles of Linnaeus
4502:Systema Vegetabilium
4470:Philosophia Botanica
4438:Hortus Cliffortianus
4398:Bibliotheca Botanica
4289:on 27 September 2013
3911:"Plant Nomenclature"
3765:, Recommendation 60F
3586:, Recommendation 60C
3369:Acta Botanica Sinica
3263:Amblyomma americanum
2110:Hybrid name (botany)
1977:improve this section
1273:Pantholops hodgsonii
1260:in the singular and
1248:in the singular and
1087:is feminine whereas
928:Amblyomma americanum
808:from the Greek word
483:Philosophia Botanica
232:) is now written as
4783:Linnaeus's Hammarby
4778:Linnaeus University
4715:George Clifford III
4653:Carl Peter Thunberg
4486:Centuria Insectorum
4390:Fundamenta Botanica
4014:"Fossil Cuban crow
3973:"Open nomenclature"
3921:on 11 December 2012
3763:McNeill et al. 2012
3608:McNeill et al. 2012
3584:McNeill et al. 2012
3460:McNeill et al. 2012
3261:"The ascendancy of
2184:Rhodoxylon floridum
2140:Species description
1926:Fringilla domestica
1639:. Furthermore, the
1618:for Lecard (male),
1532:
1332:Latimeria chalumnae
907:Magnolia campbellii
528:Alexander the Great
523:Psittacus alexandri
283:Fringilla domestica
79:binary nomenclature
4773:Linnaeus Arboretum
4570:History of biology
4534:Linnaean Herbarium
4529:Taxonomy (biology)
4090:Systematic Biology
3909:Jenks, Matthew A.
3113:Heywood, Vernon H.
2950:Systematic Biology
2908:Systematic Zoology
2895:– via Issuu.
2493:. 27 August 2022.
2431:Systematic Zoology
2378:on 18 October 2014
2051:olive-backed pipit
1784:The abbreviation "
1779:infraspecific name
1633:Magnolia hodgsonii
1530:
1396:nomenclature codes
1336:, meaning "of the
1297:Magnolia hodgsonii
1286:olive-backed pipit
1280:Magnolia hodgsonii
1225:
1221:Magnolia hodgsonii
1006:nomenclatural code
936:taxonomic anagrams
916:Archibald Campbell
686:Erithacus superbus
650:
553:
433:Phalangium ramosum
407:
67:
54:
4866:
4865:
4828:Linneus, Missouri
4580:Scientific racism
4575:History of botany
4539:Linnaean taxonomy
4478:Species Plantarum
4446:Classes Plantarum
4406:Musa Cliffortiana
4250:978-3-87429-425-6
4221:978-0-85301-006-7
4200:978-0-900513-04-6
4181:978-0-19-866189-4
4152:978-0-85661-048-6
4070:978-0-547-24206-4
3993:on 6 October 2014
3859:978-3-319-03101-9
3817:978-0-87779-809-5
3749:978-0-7506-4636-9
3491:978-1-56308-977-0
3215:Ludovico Bertonio
3130:Harper, Douglas.
3095:978-0-00-720989-7
3066:978-0-12-644460-5
3057:Plant Systematics
2820:978-0-313-24756-9
2762:978-0-495-01033-3
2726:978-1-4020-6890-4
2697:978-1-4081-2501-4
2660:978-1-4200-9501-2
2629:978-1-910455-06-7
2568:978-0-7112-2362-2
2529:978-81-224-1547-6
2397:Bauhin, Gaspard.
2209:can suggest that
2145:Undescribed taxon
2064:Harmonia axyridis
2032:Passer domesticus
2013:
2012:
2005:
1921:Passer domesticus
1884:. Some examples:
1820:open nomenclature
1740:Tyrannosaurus rex
1705:Passer domesticus
1690:Berberis Darwinii
1686:Berberis darwinii
1587:. This is called
1577:
1576:
1573:specific epithet
1502:Species Plantarum
1100:Lansium parasitic
1050:Passer domesticus
1022:, China, whereas
989:Pieza deresistans
862:Erythroxylum coca
825:Erythroxylum coca
672:Chionodoxa siehei
625:nomenclature code
611:Tyrannosaurus rex
461:Species Plantarum
278:Passer domesticus
171:Species Plantarum
157:Tyrannosaurus rex
130:– identifies the
16:(Redirected from
4891:
4854:
4853:
4844:
4843:
4733:Expedition Linné
4705:Herman Boerhaave
4608:Johan Peter Falk
4516:
4430:Genera Plantarum
4414:Critica Botanica
4355:
4348:
4341:
4332:
4331:
4313:Data related to
4312:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4288:
4277:
4258:
4253:. Archived from
4232:
4230:
4228:
4204:
4185:
4157:
4156:
4144:
4134:
4128:
4122:
4116:
4115:
4105:
4081:
4075:
4074:
4062:
4052:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4041:
4009:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3992:
3977:
3968:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3952:on 7 August 2011
3948:. Archived from
3946:Peripatus.Gen.nz
3937:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3828:
3822:
3821:
3805:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3784:on 29 June 2011.
3772:
3766:
3760:
3754:
3753:
3731:
3725:
3724:
3708:
3702:
3696:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3665:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3648:
3637:
3629:
3623:
3617:
3611:
3605:
3599:
3593:
3587:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3570:
3550:
3544:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3502:
3496:
3495:
3479:
3469:
3463:
3457:
3451:
3446:
3440:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3325:
3319:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3256:
3250:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3224:
3218:
3210:
3204:
3198:
3192:
3171:
3170:
3163:
3162:
3155:
3154:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3078:
3072:
3070:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3019:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3008:
2999:. Archived from
2989:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2965:
2947:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2867:"Tenerife robin
2862:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2846:on 6 August 2011
2831:
2825:
2824:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2683:
2677:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2644:
2635:
2633:
2615:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2426:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2374:. Archived from
2356:
2345:
2344:
2336:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2301:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2263:
2243:
2232:
2226:
2207:Centaurea cyanus
2203:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2181:
2180:
2174:
2168:
2161:
2008:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1988:
1957:
1949:
1730:Escherichia coli
1698:Centaurea Cyanus
1533:
1529:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1353:
1347:
1344:Escherichia coli
1335:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1299:
1293:
1283:
1275:
1268:Tibetan antelope
1265:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1210:
1205:is feminine and
1204:
1194:
1181:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1135:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1075:Nandina domestic
1071:
1066:Nandina domestic
1058:
1052:
894:
870:
865:is derived from
855:
849:
848:
843:
837:
813:
812:
791:
785:
779:
577:vernacular names
545:Escherichia coli
488:specific epithet
477:Critica Botanica
473:
450:, in particular
389:
383:
377:
371:
365:
355:
235:Phlox drummondii
140:specific epithet
21:
4899:
4898:
4894:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4889:
4888:
4869:
4868:
4867:
4862:
4832:
4743:Linnaean Garden
4719:
4710:Johannes Burman
4657:
4648:Anders Sparrman
4643:Daniel Solander
4633:Daniel Rolander
4584:
4565:Natural history
4517:
4508:
4422:Flora Lapponica
4382:Systema Naturae
4369:Published works
4364:
4359:
4305:
4292:
4290:
4286:
4275:
4265:
4263:Further reading
4251:
4226:
4224:
4222:
4201:
4182:
4166:
4161:
4160:
4153:
4135:
4131:
4123:
4119:
4082:
4078:
4071:
4053:
4049:
4039:
4037:
4010:
4006:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3975:
3969:
3965:
3955:
3953:
3940:Clowes, Chris.
3938:
3934:
3924:
3922:
3915:Hort.Purdue.edu
3907:
3903:
3893:
3891:
3860:
3829:
3825:
3818:
3794:
3793:
3789:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3761:
3757:
3750:
3732:
3728:
3709:
3705:
3697:
3693:
3683:
3681:
3674:CDTL.NUS.edu.sg
3666:
3662:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3618:
3614:
3610:, Article 60.12
3606:
3602:
3594:
3590:
3582:
3578:
3568:
3566:
3551:
3547:
3542:Wayback Machine
3526:
3524:
3503:
3499:
3492:
3470:
3466:
3458:
3454:
3447:
3443:
3435:
3431:
3421:
3419:
3408:IUCNRedList.org
3396:
3392:
3382:
3380:
3357:
3353:
3326:
3322:
3314:
3310:
3300:
3298:
3257:
3253:
3245:
3241:
3233:
3225:
3221:
3211:
3207:
3199:
3195:
3189:Perseus Project
3149:
3145:
3128:
3124:
3109:Davis, Peter H.
3106:
3102:
3096:
3082:Fortey, Richard
3079:
3075:
3067:
3053:
3049:
3020:
3016:
3006:
3004:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2978:
2945:
2939:
2935:
2920:10.2307/2411777
2904:
2900:
2890:
2888:
2863:
2859:
2849:
2847:
2832:
2828:
2821:
2805:
2801:
2791:
2789:
2774:
2770:
2763:
2745:
2741:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2709:
2705:
2698:
2684:
2680:
2672:
2668:
2661:
2645:
2638:
2630:
2616:
2609:
2599:
2597:
2580:
2576:
2569:
2553:
2549:
2539:
2537:
2530:
2514:
2510:
2500:
2498:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2475:on 6 June 2017.
2463:
2462:
2458:
2443:10.2307/2411603
2427:
2418:
2408:
2406:
2395:
2391:
2381:
2379:
2357:
2348:
2337:
2333:
2322:
2320:
2311:
2302:
2295:
2284:
2282:
2273:
2264:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2246:
2233:
2229:
2219:Centaurea cyana
2204:
2200:
2175:
2171:
2162:
2158:
2153:
2096:
2027:
2015:Main articles:
2009:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1974:
1958:
1947:
1843:
1835:Main articles:
1833:
1688:was written as
1653:
1637:Anthus hodgsoni
1599:
1512:Systema Naturae
1484:), whereas the
1392:
1321:Anthus hodgsoni
1291:Anthus hodgsoni
1002:nominative case
958:. For example,
796:Classical Greek
786:) "human/man" (
755:
749:
721:
708:agree in gender
703:
605:Boa constrictor
536:
396:
332:
269:Systema Naturae
262:Patella vulgata
230:Thomas Drummond
103:scientific name
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4897:
4887:
4886:
4881:
4864:
4863:
4861:
4860:
4848:
4837:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4830:
4825:
4823:Linneus, Maine
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4788:Linné (crater)
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4740:
4735:
4729:
4727:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4690:Gaspard Bauhin
4687:
4682:
4676:
4665:
4663:
4662:Related people
4659:
4658:
4656:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4613:Peter Forsskål
4610:
4605:
4603:Andreas Berlin
4600:
4594:
4592:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4536:
4531:
4525:
4523:
4519:
4518:
4511:
4509:
4507:
4506:
4498:
4490:
4482:
4474:
4466:
4458:
4450:
4442:
4434:
4426:
4418:
4410:
4402:
4394:
4386:
4378:
4372:
4370:
4366:
4365:
4358:
4357:
4350:
4343:
4335:
4329:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4317:at Wikispecies
4304:
4303:External links
4301:
4300:
4299:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4257:on 7 May 2017.
4249:
4233:
4220:
4205:
4199:
4186:
4180:
4165:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4151:
4129:
4117:
4096:(5): 565–595.
4076:
4069:
4047:
4004:
3963:
3932:
3901:
3858:
3844:. p. 39.
3823:
3816:
3808:22a – 23a
3787:
3767:
3755:
3748:
3726:
3703:
3691:
3660:
3624:
3612:
3600:
3588:
3576:
3565:on 24 May 2012
3545:
3497:
3490:
3464:
3452:
3441:
3429:
3390:
3375:(4): 419–426.
3363:Huia recurvata
3351:
3320:
3308:
3277:(1): 307–337.
3251:
3239:
3219:
3205:
3193:
3143:
3132:"rhododendron"
3122:
3100:
3094:
3073:
3065:
3047:
3014:
3003:on 12 May 2015
2984:
2956:(4): 790–807.
2933:
2914:(4): 182–190.
2898:
2857:
2826:
2819:
2799:
2788:(114): 764–767
2768:
2761:
2739:
2725:
2703:
2696:
2678:
2666:
2659:
2636:
2628:
2607:
2574:
2567:
2547:
2528:
2508:
2478:
2456:
2416:
2389:
2346:
2343:. p. 103.
2331:
2293:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2227:
2198:
2169:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2105:Botanical name
2102:
2095:
2092:
2074:Sambucus nigra
2011:
2010:
1961:
1959:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1940:) to be given.
1916:
1905:Scilla italica
1895:
1855:Möschler, 1880
1832:
1829:
1777:(zoology) and
1652:
1649:
1598:
1595:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1559:specific name
1557:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1528:
1527:
1520:Aranei Svecici
1493:
1474:
1463:
1391:
1388:
1380:
1379:
1375:Xenos vesparum
1362:Xenos vesparum
1354:means "of the
1338:Chalumna River
1213:
1212:
1187:
1011:Huia recurvata
994:
993:
932:
923:
918:, a doctor in
902:
857:
818:, "rose", and
793:
748:
745:
736:alpha taxonomy
720:
717:
702:
699:
698:
697:
637:
636:
621:
588:
542:The bacterium
535:
532:
471:nomen triviale
424:Plantago media
395:
392:
331:
328:
327:
326:
325:
324:
313:Scilla italica
303:
288:
287:
286:
273:
176:Gaspard Bauhin
120:
99:binominal name
26:
18:Binominal name
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4896:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4859:
4858:
4849:
4847:
4839:
4838:
4835:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4798:Linnean Medal
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4768:7412 Linnaeus
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4748:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4726:
4722:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4695:Johann Bauhin
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4680:
4677:
4674:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4660:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4638:Göran Rothman
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4598:Adam Afzelius
4596:
4595:
4593:
4591:
4587:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4520:
4515:
4504:
4503:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4462:Fauna Svecica
4459:
4456:
4455:
4454:Flora Svecica
4451:
4448:
4447:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4403:
4400:
4399:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4362:Carl Linnaeus
4356:
4351:
4349:
4344:
4342:
4337:
4336:
4333:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4316:
4311:
4307:
4306:
4285:
4281:
4274:
4273:
4267:
4266:
4256:
4252:
4246:
4242:
4241:
4234:
4223:
4217:
4213:
4212:
4206:
4202:
4196:
4192:
4187:
4183:
4177:
4173:
4168:
4167:
4154:
4148:
4143:
4142:
4133:
4126:
4121:
4113:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4080:
4072:
4066:
4061:
4060:
4051:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4021:
4017:
4008:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3980:Palaeontology
3974:
3967:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3936:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3905:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3827:
3819:
3813:
3809:
3804:
3803:
3797:
3791:
3783:
3779:
3778:
3771:
3764:
3759:
3751:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3730:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3707:
3701:, p. 23.
3700:
3695:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3664:
3645:
3641:
3634:
3628:
3621:
3616:
3609:
3604:
3597:
3592:
3585:
3580:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3549:
3543:
3539:
3536:
3535:p148 Glossary
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3509:
3501:
3493:
3487:
3483:
3478:
3477:
3468:
3461:
3456:
3450:
3445:
3439:, p. 334
3438:
3433:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3403:
3394:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3364:
3355:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3324:
3318:, p. 329
3317:
3312:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3264:
3255:
3249:, p. 303
3248:
3243:
3232:
3231:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3203:, p. 182
3202:
3197:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3179:Scott, Robert
3176:
3172:
3164:
3156:
3147:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3126:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3104:
3097:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3077:
3068:
3062:
3058:
3051:
3042:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3018:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2988:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2944:
2937:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2902:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2877:
2876:Dutch Birding
2872:
2870:
2861:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2830:
2822:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2803:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2772:
2764:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2743:
2728:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2707:
2699:
2693:
2689:
2682:
2676:, p. 502
2675:
2670:
2662:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2643:
2641:
2631:
2625:
2621:
2614:
2612:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2586:
2578:
2570:
2564:
2560:
2559:
2551:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2521:
2520:
2512:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2482:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2404:
2400:
2393:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2360:Knapp, Sandra
2355:
2353:
2351:
2342:
2335:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2305:
2300:
2298:
2280:
2276:
2271:
2267:
2262:
2260:
2255:
2241:
2237:
2231:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2195:
2185:
2173:
2166:
2160:
2156:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2007:
2004:
1996:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1962:This section
1960:
1956:
1951:
1950:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1928:; unlike the
1927:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1914:
1913:Hyacinthoides
1910:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1854:
1849:
1842:
1838:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1708:
1706:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1667:Several more
1664:
1660:
1659:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1635:and the bird
1634:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1582:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1420:cyanobacteria
1417:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1387:
1385:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1357:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1339:
1334:
1333:
1327:
1324:was named by
1322:
1316:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1281:
1276:), the shrub
1274:
1269:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1211:is masculine.
1209:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1185:
1180:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1096:
1091:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1070:
1069:
1062:
1061:sacred bamboo
1057:
1051:
1046:
1045:house sparrow
1042:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1032:, Indonesia.
1031:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1003:
999:
991:
990:
985:
984:
979:
978:
973:
972:
967:
966:
961:
960:Neal Evenhuis
957:
953:
949:
948:
943:
942:
937:
933:
930:
929:
924:
921:
920:British India
917:
913:
912:Pierre Magnol
909:
908:
903:
900:
899:
893:
888:
887:
882:
878:
874:
869:
864:
863:
858:
854:
842:
836:
831:
827:
826:
821:
817:
807:
804:was named by
803:
802:
797:
794:
790:
784:
778:
773:
769:
765:
761:
760:
759:
754:
744:
741:
737:
733:
729:
727:
716:
712:
709:
695:
691:
687:
682:
678:
677:Scilla siehei
674:
673:
668:
667:
662:
661:
656:
652:
651:
647:
646:
641:
634:
630:
626:
622:
619:
618:
613:
612:
607:
606:
601:
600:
595:
594:
589:
586:
582:
578:
574:
573:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
551:
547:
546:
540:
531:
529:
525:
524:
519:
515:
514:
509:
503:
501:
497:
496:specific name
493:
489:
485:
484:
479:
478:
472:
467:
463:
462:
457:
456:Carl Linnaeus
453:
452:Caspar Bauhin
449:
444:
442:
438:
434:
428:
426:
425:
420:
417:
413:
404:
403:Carl Linnaeus
400:
391:
388:
382:
376:
370:
364:
359:
354:
353:
347:
343:
342:
337:
322:
318:
317:Hyacinthoides
314:
310:
309:
304:
301:
300:
295:
294:
293:
289:
284:
280:
279:
274:
271:
270:
264:
263:
258:
257:
256:
252:
251:
250:
248:
243:
241:
240:P. drummondii
237:
236:
231:
227:
223:
218:
216:
212:
208:
207:
202:
198:
197:
191:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
172:
167:
166:Carl Linnaeus
163:
159:
158:
153:
152:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:specific name
133:
129:
128:
122:
118:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
91:binomial name
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
64:
63:
58:
51:
50:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4856:
4746:
4725:Recognitions
4700:Peter Artedi
4623:Pehr Löfling
4554:
4500:
4492:
4484:
4476:
4468:
4460:
4452:
4444:
4436:
4428:
4420:
4412:
4404:
4396:
4388:
4380:
4291:. Retrieved
4284:the original
4271:
4255:the original
4239:
4225:. Retrieved
4210:
4190:
4171:
4164:Bibliography
4141:The Sparrows
4140:
4132:
4120:
4093:
4089:
4079:
4058:
4050:
4038:. Retrieved
4029:
4025:
4019:
4015:
4007:
3995:. Retrieved
3988:the original
3983:
3979:
3966:
3954:. Retrieved
3950:the original
3945:
3935:
3923:. Retrieved
3919:the original
3914:
3904:
3892:. Retrieved
3836:
3826:
3801:
3790:
3782:the original
3776:
3770:
3758:
3735:
3729:
3712:
3706:
3694:
3682:. Retrieved
3673:
3663:
3651:. Retrieved
3639:
3627:
3615:
3603:
3591:
3579:
3567:. Retrieved
3563:the original
3559:The-ICSP.org
3558:
3548:
3525:. Retrieved
3507:
3500:
3475:
3467:
3462:, Article 23
3455:
3444:
3432:
3420:. Retrieved
3407:
3402:Huia masonii
3401:
3393:
3381:. Retrieved
3372:
3368:
3362:
3354:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3323:
3311:
3299:. Retrieved
3274:
3268:
3262:
3254:
3242:
3229:
3222:
3208:
3196:
3182:
3146:
3135:
3125:
3116:
3103:
3085:
3076:
3056:
3050:
3034:(1): 65–72.
3031:
3027:
3017:
3005:. Retrieved
3001:the original
2997:herba.msu.ru
2996:
2987:
2953:
2949:
2936:
2911:
2907:
2901:
2889:. Retrieved
2880:
2874:
2868:
2860:
2848:. Retrieved
2844:the original
2839:
2829:
2809:
2802:
2790:. Retrieved
2785:
2781:
2771:
2752:
2742:
2730:. Retrieved
2716:
2706:
2687:
2681:
2669:
2649:
2619:
2598:. Retrieved
2584:
2577:
2557:
2550:
2538:. Retrieved
2518:
2511:
2499:. Retrieved
2490:
2481:
2473:the original
2468:
2459:
2434:
2430:
2407:. Retrieved
2392:
2380:. Retrieved
2376:the original
2367:
2340:
2334:
2321:. Retrieved
2283:. Retrieved
2239:
2230:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2193:
2183:
2172:
2159:
2087:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2068:
2062:
2054:
2046:
2042:
2040:
2031:
2028:
1999:
1990:
1975:Please help
1963:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1912:
1904:
1898:
1889:
1877:
1873:
1871:
1862:
1858:
1852:
1847:
1844:
1827:
1824:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1783:
1766:
1762:
1756:
1752:
1749:
1744:
1738:
1734:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1697:
1694:Panthera Leo
1693:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1669:Homo sapiens
1666:
1658:Homo sapiens
1656:
1654:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1600:
1588:
1580:
1578:
1570:generic name
1545:Second part
1524:Bacteriology
1519:
1510:
1500:
1489:
1485:
1477:
1470:
1466:
1459:
1451:
1445:
1429:
1423:
1415:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1383:
1381:
1219:
1192:Panthera leo
1101:
1076:
1072:rather than
1067:
1034:
1025:Huia masonii
1023:
1009:
1000:noun in the
995:
987:
981:
975:
969:
968:, including
963:
945:
939:
926:
905:
896:
884:
883:words, e.g.
860:
830:Erythroxylum
829:
823:
819:
815:
801:Rhododendron
799:
798:. The genus
777:Homo sapiens
756:
730:
722:
713:
704:
693:
689:
685:
680:
676:
670:
664:
658:
643:
615:
609:
603:
597:
593:Homo sapiens
591:
554:
549:
543:
521:
511:
507:
504:
499:
491:
481:
475:
466:trivial name
465:
459:
445:
440:
436:
432:
429:
422:
411:
408:
335:
333:
320:
316:
312:
306:
297:
282:
276:
268:
260:
244:
239:
233:
219:
214:
210:
204:
200:
194:
192:
188:common names
183:
179:
169:
161:
155:
151:Homo sapiens
149:
143:
139:
135:
127:generic name
125:
123:
114:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
78:
74:
68:
60:
49:Orcinus orca
47:
40:
4763:Linnaemyini
4681:(daughter))
4628:Pehr Osbeck
3340:(1): 1–28.
3301:13 December
3153:ῥοδόδενδρον
3007:17 November
2883:: 140–146.
2850:19 February
2540:13 November
2491:Wikitionary
2437:(1): 4–22.
2069:spectabilis
1945:Other ranks
1725:C. simensis
1717:Canis lupus
1490:Bison bison
1436:(including
1422:), and the
838:, red, and
811:ῥοδόδενδρον
581:family name
480:(1737) and
222:proper noun
4873:Categories
3868:2013953625
3383:7 February
2891:26 January
2840:RHS.org.uk
2600:14 January
2250:References
2221:, whereas
2088:albiflorum
2078:canadensis
2036:Passeridae
1812:spectabile
1808:Etheostoma
1803:Cuban crow
1771:subspecies
1761:", while "
1663:font style
1624:brauniarum
1542:First part
1432:) that of
1234:declension
1197:apposition
1133:domesticus
1056:domesticus
983:Pieza kake
977:Pieza rhea
751:See also:
660:Chionodoxa
585:given name
557:Zoological
226:italicized
182:(English,
107:Latin name
4857:Wikiquote
4758:Linnaemya
4753:Linnaeite
4618:Pehr Kalm
4040:22 August
4032:: 12–16.
3997:22 August
3876:881314963
3721:559413416
3028:Bionomina
2487:"Binomen"
2368:NHM.ac.uk
2215:Centaurea
1993:June 2011
1964:does not
1918:(Animal)
1909:Rothmaler
1831:Authority
1788:" (i.e.,
1721:C. aureus
1620:wilsoniae
1590:PhyloCode
1539:Full name
1384:hodgsonii
1315:hodgsonae
1284:, or the
898:Saichania
881:Mongolian
764:classical
715:botany).
617:Aloe vera
565:Bacterial
561:Botanical
358:adjective
334:The word
330:Etymology
247:authority
109:. In the
4846:Category
4112:21775340
4034:Archived
3894:20 March
3888:Archived
3884:11811479
3678:Archived
3644:Archived
3538:Archived
3527:29 March
3521:Archived
3416:Archived
3377:Archived
3295:Archived
3291:12414740
3115:(1965).
3084:(2008),
3071:, p. 552
2976:Archived
2972:12066299
2885:Archived
2594:Archived
2534:Archived
2501:11 April
2495:Archived
2465:"binôme"
2403:Archived
2323:29 March
2317:Archived
2285:29 March
2279:Archived
2240:Möschler
2192:, as in
2182:, as in
2094:See also
2045:and the
1897:(Plant)
1888:(Plant)
1882:basionym
1775:trinomen
1616:lecardii
1517:Clerck's
1482:tautonym
1434:bacteria
1369:vesparum
1366:, where
1348:, where
1230:genitive
1202:Panthera
1106:, since
1081:, since
998:singular
971:Pieza pi
835:erythros
806:Linnaeus
768:medieval
732:Taxonomy
701:Problems
694:superbus
629:synonyms
387:binomina
375:binomium
369:binomium
360:form of
336:binomial
71:taxonomy
4738:Linnaea
4522:General
4227:20 June
4020:nasicus
3956:20 June
3925:20 June
3684:20 June
3653:20 June
3569:20 June
3422:19 June
3334:Zootaxa
3187:at the
3169:δένδρον
2928:2411777
2792:20 June
2732:20 June
2451:2411603
2409:19 June
2382:17 June
2076:subsp.
1985:removed
1970:sources
1857:." The
1853:Amabela
1799:nasicus
1735:E. coli
1678:sapiens
1581:BioCode
1507:zoology
1438:Archaea
1176:(e.g.,
1157:tristis
1154:(e.g.,
1109:Lansium
1095:langsat
1084:Nandina
1053:. Here
1016:fossils
886:Tarchia
877:Quechua
820:dendron
783:sapiens
633:homonym
599:E. coli
550:E. coli
510:became
448:Bauhins
394:History
381:binomen
255:zoology
101:, or a
95:binomen
83:species
4793:Linnéa
4669:Family
4505:(1774)
4497:(1771)
4489:(1763)
4481:(1753)
4473:(1751)
4465:(1746)
4457:(1745)
4449:(1738)
4441:(1737)
4433:(1737)
4425:(1737)
4417:(1737)
4409:(1736)
4401:(1736)
4393:(1736)
4385:(1735)
4293:4 June
4247:
4218:
4197:
4178:
4149:
4110:
4067:
4016:Corvus
3882:
3874:
3866:
3856:
3814:
3746:
3719:
3488:
3289:
3092:
3063:
2970:
2926:
2817:
2759:
2723:
2694:
2657:
2634:, p. v
2626:
2565:
2526:
2449:
2223:Cyanus
2211:cyanus
2047:ICNafp
2023:, and
1932:, the
1930:ICNafp
1878:ICNafp
1874:ICNafp
1863:ICNafp
1795:Corvus
1790:confer
1773:. See
1745:T. rex
1737:, and
1641:ICNafp
1611:ICNafp
1607:ICNafp
1585:clades
1564:ICNafp
1505:). In
1497:botany
1478:ICNafp
1471:ICNafp
1416:ICNafp
1398:. The
1090:Passer
1041:gender
1020:Yunnan
986:, and
947:Allium
941:Muilla
892:tarkhi
873:Aymara
816:rhodon
772:modern
740:fossil
692:. The
681:siehei
679:. The
666:Scilla
614:, and
492:ICNafp
416:terete
352:nomial
321:ICNafp
319:; the
292:botany
211:ICNafp
162:formal
4675:(son)
4287:(PDF)
4276:(PDF)
3991:(PDF)
3976:(PDF)
3880:S2CID
3647:(PDF)
3636:(PDF)
3330:Pieza
3234:(PDF)
3161:ῥόδον
2979:(PDF)
2946:(PDF)
2924:JSTOR
2447:JSTOR
2236:genus
2151:Notes
1767:Canis
1763:Canis
1758:Canis
1753:Canis
1713:Canis
1442:Virus
1390:Codes
1356:colon
1263:-arum
1251:-orum
1179:minor
965:Pieza
952:jokes
889:from
841:xylon
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