387:
3049:
886:
22:
3059:
898:
186:
Around 8,800 people in the UK are directly employed in biotechnology, so it is not a labour-intensive industry. Other spending by
British biotechnology companies supports around 11,000 other workers indirectly. The average income for a worker in the British industry is around £48,000; in London, this
207:
study, the UK is fourth in the world for expenditure on biotechnology research, after the USA, France and
Switzerland. France spends around twice that of the UK on biotechnology. The expenditure on biotechnology research in the USA is far larger than any other country.
173:
In 2015, the UK had around 225 main biotechnology companies, turning over around £2.9bn. Exports accounted for around £1.5bn of turnover. The UK has an estimated 5% share of the global market. In Europe, by patent applications submitted under the
2061:
149:). Currently, most industrial biotechnology expenditure in the UK is in the field of healthcare, and consequently the UK is the leader in Europe in the development of biopharmaceuticals, by some distance.
2560:
2066:
871:
2989:
2214:
211:
The UK biotechnology industry leads in biopharmaceuticals research in Europe, well ahead of
Switzerland and Germany, in terms of numbers of products being developed.
1810:
3098:
3019:
2830:
1785:
1757:
228:
2073:
2951:
39:
240:
2931:
86:
998:
58:
3062:
2902:
2877:
936:
142:
3083:
2914:
2807:
2604:
65:
2897:
1750:
1571:
236:
2594:
1840:
203:
Around £920m is spent on biotechnology research in the UK, around 4.5% of all private sector research and development. According to an
2872:
2742:
2364:
72:
2924:
2867:
2695:
2184:
2104:
2089:
1654:
376:
2046:
2041:
1892:
1444:
343:
134:
54:
3052:
2599:
2589:
2574:
2509:
2006:
1941:
1743:
552:
2961:
2956:
2882:
2157:
2857:
2774:
1660:
1650:
2946:
2862:
2715:
278:
2892:
2543:
2531:
2487:
2001:
1601:
2720:
3088:
3004:
2907:
2852:
2631:
2614:
2584:
2349:
2199:
1862:
1857:
1611:
929:
257:
105:
2036:
2840:
2619:
1899:
1283:
138:
3093:
2994:
2941:
2802:
2747:
2579:
2482:
1961:
1909:
1835:
1619:
1162:
861:
583:
79:
301:
3014:
2919:
2825:
2678:
2526:
2514:
2435:
1921:
1665:
1334:
902:
866:
43:
2936:
2845:
2784:
2710:
2497:
2477:
2256:
1780:
1766:
1640:
1635:
1381:
1297:
953:
710:
477:
316:
252:
126:
2999:
2820:
2683:
2661:
2641:
2570:
2492:
2369:
2359:
2354:
2026:
1991:
1847:
1137:
1044:
922:
2835:
2815:
2656:
2519:
2301:
2204:
1914:
1887:
1867:
1645:
1271:
1256:
1200:
1191:
1142:
1067:
1008:
993:
700:
336:
3034:
2646:
1852:
1302:
1208:
1103:
975:
966:
557:
2666:
2504:
2440:
2430:
2425:
1497:
1439:
1343:
1278:
1261:
1172:
1026:
371:
175:
162:
1931:
727:
406:
366:
158:
2339:
1926:
1877:
623:
401:
32:
2124:
1147:
3024:
890:
795:
780:
608:
502:
482:
329:
121:
is the
British industry regarding organisms that manufacture commercial products, whether the
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2769:
2536:
2384:
2251:
2229:
2162:
1966:
1872:
1052:
2759:
2752:
2407:
2344:
2316:
2291:
2286:
2261:
2219:
2021:
1976:
1971:
1800:
1591:
1366:
1132:
820:
683:
547:
497:
8:
2379:
2334:
2326:
2271:
2179:
2114:
1805:
1581:
1513:
1451:
1315:
945:
705:
688:
668:
648:
2455:
2445:
2412:
2311:
2281:
2174:
2149:
2109:
1459:
1310:
715:
461:
192:
188:
1167:
2224:
2194:
1696:
1586:
1576:
840:
835:
790:
613:
487:
146:
130:
1085:
3009:
2450:
2399:
2209:
2189:
1469:
770:
737:
492:
2737:
2705:
2626:
2031:
1996:
1986:
1956:
1830:
1518:
1402:
1361:
1320:
1230:
603:
598:
588:
1735:
2732:
2276:
2016:
1904:
1795:
1790:
1544:
1539:
1474:
1464:
1376:
1213:
1177:
775:
752:
658:
653:
593:
578:
542:
427:
3077:
2609:
2389:
2167:
2119:
2099:
2011:
1719:
1596:
1534:
1351:
1240:
1127:
673:
628:
537:
352:
2636:
2727:
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2246:
1508:
1407:
1386:
1235:
1057:
825:
810:
722:
663:
562:
532:
441:
178:, the UK is third, second to Germany and France but seventh in the world.
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1882:
1371:
1034:
815:
805:
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527:
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1981:
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1157:
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1111:
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220:
219:
Organisations that represent the
British biotechnology industry are
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1016:
988:
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456:
451:
232:
321:
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830:
422:
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872:
List of largest biomedical companies by market capitalization
732:
170:, founded in 1980, was one of the earliest British biotechs.
446:
204:
122:
436:
432:
229:
Biotechnology and
Biological Sciences Research Council
999:
List of varieties of genetically modified maize/corn
279:"A British Biotech Biopedia: Early Days in the U.K."
241:
Medicines and
Healthcare products Regulatory Agency
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2743:Glasgow International Financial Services District
1765:
3075:
187:is £70,000. Employment is most found in London,
125:of the organism have been naturally procured or
243:(MHRA) regulates biopharmaceuticals in the UK.
3099:Research and development in the United Kingdom
1751:
930:
337:
282:Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News
1572:Detection of genetically modified organisms
237:National Centre for Biotechnology Education
1758:
1744:
937:
923:
344:
330:
276:
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
377:Competitions and prizes in biotechnology
2052:2020 Withdrawal from the European Union
1992:Second Industrial Revolution 1860s–1914
944:
3076:
1739:
918:
325:
55:"Biotechnology in the United Kingdom"
3058:
2775:London Platinum and Palladium Market
897:
44:adding citations to reliable sources
15:
3084:Biotechnology in the United Kingdom
119:Biotechnology in the United Kingdom
13:
1602:Genetic use restriction technology
317:Funding of biotechnology in the UK
14:
3110:
3005:Confederation of British Industry
2200:Expansion plans for Milton Keynes
1863:Department for Business and Trade
1858:Competition and Markets Authority
351:
310:
258:Regulation of genetic engineering
3057:
3048:
3047:
1900:Office for Budget Responsibility
896:
885:
884:
385:
239:supports secondary schools. The
214:
20:
1836:Governor of the Bank of England
1620:Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
862:Index of biotechnology articles
31:needs additional citations for
3015:Federation of Small Businesses
867:List of biotechnology articles
295:
270:
137:, and often overlaps with the
1:
2785:Alternative Investment Market
2765:London Interbank Offered Rate
2721:List of UK building societies
1767:Economy of the United Kingdom
1382:Somatic cell nuclear transfer
711:Genetically modified organism
478:Biotechnology industrial park
277:Tim Harris (4 October 2021).
263:
253:Genetic engineering in Europe
181:
3000:British Chambers of Commerce
2995:British Bankers' Association
7:
1888:Chancellor of the Exchequer
1868:Financial Conduct Authority
701:Environmental biotechnology
246:
198:
10:
3115:
3035:UK Payments Administration
1987:New Imperialism 1830s–1945
1811:Government-owned companies
156:
152:
3043:
2978:
2795:
2694:
2559:
2552:
2468:
2398:
2325:
2300:
2148:
2137:
2110:National champions policy
2105:Recessions and recoveries
2082:
2022:1979 Winter of Discontent
1957:1659–1849 Navigation Acts
1949:
1940:
1932:UK Trade & Investment
1841:Monetary Policy Committee
1819:
1773:
1705:
1674:
1628:
1610:
1557:
1527:
1495:
1440:Genetically modified food
1432:
1425:
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1342:
1333:
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1199:
1190:
1120:
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1084:
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1007:
974:
965:
952:
880:
854:
761:
641:
571:
520:
511:
470:
415:
394:
383:
372:Timeline of biotechnology
359:
176:Patent Cooperation Treaty
163:Timeline of biotechnology
3089:British medical research
2047:2009 bank rescue package
2042:2008 bank rescue package
2007:1929–39 Great Depression
1878:HM Revenue & Customs
1786:Employee-owned companies
728:Microbial biodegradation
407:Industrial biotechnology
367:History of biotechnology
159:History of biotechnology
2215:List of counties by GVA
1997:1873–79 Long Depression
1962:Agricultural Revolution
1927:UK Statistics Authority
402:Colors of biotechnology
143:pharmaceutical industry
133:). The industry can be
3094:Life sciences industry
3025:Institute of Directors
2990:Business organisations
2915:Science and technology
2808:International students
2520:Working Time Directive
1893:Debt Management Office
796:Biomedical engineering
503:Pharmaceutical company
483:Biotechnology products
302:BBSRC Report July 2015
3020:Industry trade groups
2780:London Stock Exchange
2770:London Metal Exchange
2537:Trades Union Congress
2230:East London Tech City
2074:Cost-of-living crisis
2012:1948–52 Marshall Plan
1967:Industrial Revolution
1053:Roundup ready soybean
2814:Entertainment &
2037:Late-2000s recession
2032:1992 Black Wednesday
1972:Financial Revolution
1801:FTSE Fledgling Index
1592:Reverse transfection
1367:Genetic transduction
821:Chemical engineering
684:Reproductive cloning
548:Hybridoma technology
498:Human Genome Project
40:improve this article
2510:Equal opportunities
2115:Economic liberalism
2017:1974 Three-Day Week
2002:1926 general strike
1806:FTSE SmallCap Index
1582:Genetics in fiction
1514:Genetic enhancement
1316:Hepatitis B vaccine
946:Genetic engineering
706:Genetic engineering
689:Therapeutic cloning
669:Bionic architecture
649:Animal cell culture
416:Biological concepts
2925:Telecommunications
2090:Economic geography
1692:Stem cell research
1311:Ice-minus bacteria
762:Interdisciplinary
716:Molecular genetics
462:Selective breeding
193:North West England
189:South East England
147:biopharmaceuticals
3071:
3070:
2974:
2973:
2753:Lloyd's of London
2464:
2463:
2436:Industrialisation
2350:Industrialisation
2133:
2132:
2062:COVID-19 pandemic
1982:1815–46 Corn Laws
1733:
1732:
1697:Synthetic biology
1587:Human enhancement
1577:Genetic pollution
1553:
1552:
1421:
1420:
1329:
1328:
1292:
1291:
1186:
1185:
912:
911:
841:Nanobiotechnology
836:Molecular biology
637:
636:
488:Biotechnology law
131:synthetic biology
116:
115:
108:
90:
3106:
3061:
3060:
3051:
3050:
3010:Co-operatives UK
2600:Hydroelectricity
2575:Renewable energy
2557:
2556:
2441:Renewable energy
2422:
2370:Renewable energy
2158:Atlantic Gateway
2146:
2145:
1977:Panic of 1796–97
1947:
1946:
1760:
1753:
1746:
1737:
1736:
1470:Dow AgroSciences
1430:
1429:
1340:
1339:
1197:
1196:
972:
971:
963:
962:
939:
932:
925:
916:
915:
900:
899:
888:
887:
738:Pharmacogenomics
518:
517:
512:Basic techniques
493:Green Revolution
471:General concepts
389:
346:
339:
332:
323:
322:
304:
299:
293:
292:
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274:
223:(Europe-wide in
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91:
89:
48:
24:
16:
3114:
3113:
3109:
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3105:
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3074:
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3072:
3067:
3039:
2982:
2980:
2970:
2878:Pharmaceuticals
2791:
2706:Baltic Exchange
2697:
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2562:
2548:
2470:
2460:
2416:
2394:
2321:
2303:
2296:
2141:
2139:
2129:
2125:Nationalisation
2078:
1936:
1831:Bank of England
1823:
1821:
1815:
1769:
1764:
1734:
1729:
1701:
1670:
1624:
1606:
1559:
1549:
1523:
1519:Genetic testing
1501:
1491:
1417:
1403:Recombinant DNA
1391:
1362:Electroporation
1325:
1321:Oncolytic virus
1300:
1288:
1245:
1231:Herman the Bull
1182:
1116:
1098:
1080:
1062:
1039:
1021:
1003:
957:
955:
948:
943:
913:
908:
876:
850:
791:Biopharmacology
763:
757:
633:
604:Electrophoresis
599:Kidney dialysis
589:Crystallization
567:
513:
507:
466:
411:
390:
381:
355:
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313:
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92:
49:
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37:
25:
12:
11:
5:
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2858:Legal services
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2738:Euronext.liffe
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2522:
2517:
2512:
2502:
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2500:
2490:
2485:
2483:Businesspeople
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2277:Thames Gateway
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2014:
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1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
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1953:
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1938:
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1934:
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1919:
1918:
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1912:
1905:Pound sterling
1902:
1897:
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1890:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
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1843:
1838:
1827:
1825:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1796:FTSE 250 Index
1793:
1791:FTSE 100 Index
1788:
1783:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1763:
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1755:
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1675:Similar fields
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1569:
1563:
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1555:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1545:Gene targeting
1542:
1540:Gene knockdown
1537:
1531:
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1525:
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1522:
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1516:
1511:
1505:
1503:
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1488:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1475:DuPont Pioneer
1472:
1467:
1462:
1454:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1436:
1434:
1433:In agriculture
1427:
1423:
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1415:
1410:
1405:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1377:Microinjection
1374:
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1247:
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1233:
1228:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1214:Knockout mouse
1205:
1203:
1194:
1188:
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1088:
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1078:
1072:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1049:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1031:
1029:
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629:Sedimentation
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353:Biotechnology
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215:Organisations
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57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
2932:Supermarkets
2898:Construction
2893:Architecture
2728:Canary Wharf
2561:Resource and
2544:Unemployment
2515:Minimum wage
2478:Billionaires
2375:Silicon Glen
2247:M11 Corridor
1509:Gene therapy
1408:Transgenesis
1387:Transfection
1352:Agrobacteria
1236:Knockout rat
1058:Vistive Gold
954:Genetically
901:
889:
826:Microbiology
811:Biochemicals
723:Gene therapy
664:Biosynthesis
642:Applications
563:Spectroscopy
533:Cell culture
442:Fermentation
297:
285:. Retrieved
281:
272:
218:
210:
202:
185:
172:
166:
118:
117:
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
2908:Real estate
2632:Agriculture
2419:Cardiff Bay
2408:Agriculture
2365:Oil and gas
2340:Agriculture
2267:Silicon Fen
2242:M4 corridor
2235:London Plan
2056:Growth deal
1883:HM Treasury
1853:Company law
1822:governance,
1528:In research
1502:diagnostics
1372:Lipofection
1133:Arabidopsis
1035:Golden rice
816:Biorobotics
806:Biomimetics
801:Biomedicine
231:(BBSRC) in
3078:Categories
2962:High-speed
2957:Inter-city
2873:Automotive
2853:Healthcare
2841:Television
2831:Newspapers
2675:Materials
2590:Geothermal
2563:production
2505:Labour law
2488:Demography
2471:and labour
2252:Manchester
2163:Birmingham
2095:Free trade
1824:regulation
1612:Regulation
1456:Companies
1413:Cisgenesis
1357:Biolistics
1163:Sugar beet
1076:Flavr Savr
976:Maize/corn
771:Bioeconomy
743:Stem cells
696:Embryology
619:Filtration
609:Extraction
528:Bioreactor
264:References
227:) and the
182:Employment
157:See also:
139:healthcare
66:newspapers
2979:Trade and
2942:Transport
2889:Property
2868:Aerospace
2803:Education
2748:Insurance
2696:Financial
2580:Biodiesel
2456:Transport
2385:Transport
2345:Edinburgh
2317:Transport
2292:Wiltshire
2287:Transport
2262:Sheffield
2220:Liverpool
2083:Recurrent
1910:Banknotes
1820:Currency,
1774:Companies
1725:Bioethics
1629:Geography
1567:Transgene
1335:Processes
1226:Enviropig
1219:Oncomouse
1158:SmartStax
1094:Bt cotton
958:organisms
614:Fed Batch
514:and tools
221:EuropaBio
3053:Category
2981:business
2947:Aviation
2920:Internet
2826:Gambling
2733:The City
2698:services
2679:Forestry
2662:Scottish
2653:Fishing
2595:Fracking
2527:Pensions
2335:Aberdeen
2327:Scotland
2302:Northern
2272:Somerset
2180:Cornwall
2140:regions,
2138:Nations,
1922:Taxation
1715:Genetics
1682:Eugenics
1560:articles
1485:Syngenta
1480:Monsanto
1452:Pharming
1298:Bacteria
994:StarLink
956:modified
891:Category
846:Virology
748:Telomere
395:Branches
247:See also
225:Brussels
199:Research
168:Celltech
3063:Commons
3030:Make UK
2937:Tourism
2903:Housing
2883:Exports
2846:Theatre
2711:Banking
2657:English
2553:Sectors
2498:Poverty
2451:Tourism
2446:Swansea
2431:History
2426:Fishing
2413:Cardiff
2380:Tourism
2360:History
2355:Fishing
2312:Belfast
2304:Ireland
2282:Tourism
2257:Reading
2205:Fishing
2185:Croydon
2175:Bristol
2150:England
1942:History
1915:Coinage
1710:Biology
1687:Cloning
1666:Oceania
1558:Related
1303:viruses
1267:GloFish
1257:Insects
1201:Mammals
1192:Animals
1178:Mustard
1168:Tobacco
1138:Brinjal
1045:Soybean
1017:Amflora
989:MON 863
984:MON 810
903:Commons
786:Biology
679:Cloning
457:Protein
452:Plasmid
360:History
233:Swindon
153:History
80:scholar
2821:Cinema
2684:Mining
2605:Marine
2571:Energy
2493:Income
2469:People
2415:
2390:Whisky
2225:London
2195:Dorset
2142:cities
2067:Impact
1848:Budget
1641:Africa
1636:Europe
1498:humans
1272:Salmon
1241:Rabbit
1148:Papaya
1143:Canola
1086:Cotton
1068:Tomato
1009:Potato
831:Mining
764:fields
423:Allele
287:18 May
235:. The
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
2836:Radio
2816:Media
2796:Other
2667:Welsh
2637:Cider
2615:Solar
2400:Wales
2210:Leeds
2190:Devon
1873:Gilts
1465:Bayer
1396:Types
1284:Frogs
1279:Birds
1209:Mouse
1173:Trees
1128:Apple
1121:Other
1104:Wheat
967:Crops
855:Lists
733:Omics
123:genes
87:JSTOR
73:books
2952:Rail
2647:Beer
2642:Wine
2627:Food
2620:Wind
2585:Coal
1646:Asia
1460:BASF
1426:Uses
1301:and
1262:Fish
1153:Rose
1027:Rice
584:CSTR
553:HPLC
447:Gene
428:Cell
289:2024
205:OECD
161:and
141:and
59:news
2760:LCH
1500:and
1496:In
1112:HB4
624:PFR
558:NMR
437:RNA
433:DNA
127:not
42:by
3080::
1655:US
191:,
2573:/
2421:)
2417:(
2058:)
2054:(
1759:e
1752:t
1745:v
1657:)
1653:(
938:e
931:t
924:v
435:/
345:e
338:t
331:v
291:.
145:(
129:(
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
36:.
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