31:
590:, "Bishr was a very agreeable young man, a governor who could be approached without difficulty, remarkably inclined to be merciful", but nonetheless responsible for the executions of Mus'ab's partisans who continued dissident activities in Basra. Bishr was criticized for certain ritual innovations and neglecting to distribute food to his subjects, a task which he entrusted to his
442:, governor of Egypt and had Bishr remain in the province to keep Abd al-Aziz company as the latter was posted far from the rest of his kinsmen in Syria. Relations between the brothers may have become tense, prompting Bishr to return to Syria. By then, the caliphal throne had passed to another son of Marwan,
483:
of Iraq, in 690/91, while Iraq was still under the control of the
Zubayrids. According to the modern historian Luke Treadwell, Bishr may have been promised the governorship by Abd al-Malik in return for his participation in the upcoming campaign against Zubayrid Iraq. Bishr took part in the 691
738:(Muslim freedmen, clients) and enlist non-Muslim slaves to neutralize the strong influence of the Arab tribes in the emirate. Bishr ibn Abd al-Malik's son Abd al-Malik was also a member of the Umayyad nobility in al-Andalus, and was married to a niece of the last Syria-based Umayyad caliph,
539:. Bishr formed a consultative council representing three key groups to help him govern Iraq: the Syrians sent by Abd al-Malik, namely Rawh ibn Zinba and Musa ibn Nusayr; two prominent local nobles, Ikrima ibn Rabi'a and Khalid ibn Attab al-Riyahi; and religious scholars, such as
599:
Bishr, like many of his kinsmen, drank wine and led a festive life with his friends. Some of these friends helped Bishr rid himself of the overarching presence of Rawh ibn Zinba by trickery. Bishr was fond of music and poetry, and was celebrated in
463:; this is a weight of twelve" was likely produced in Syria. According to the numismatist George C. Miles, the bronze weight indicates that Bishr occupied a government office in Syria, whether as a local governor or a controller of finance.
555:
to lead the war effort, but ultimately demurred. However, he still caused problems for al-Muhallab by persuading his deputy in Kufa to withhold cooperation with the commander.
453:). Bishr's activities in Syria upon his return are not specified by the literary sources, though an originally Byzantine bronze weight chiseled and re-inscribed with the
617:
364:
30:
570:, he died in his mid-forties. He was buried in Basra, but within days his grave had become indistinguishable from the grave of a certain
1236:
The
History of al-áčŹabarÄ«, Volume XXIV: The Empire in Transition: The Caliphates of SulaymÄn, ÊżUmar, and YazÄ«d, A.D. 715â724/A.H. 96â105
574:
who had died on the same day. Some soldiers in al-Muhallab's army defected upon hearing news of Bishr's death. Abd al-Malik appointed
1399:
528:
136:
620:, Ka'b al-Ashqari, Ibn al-Zabir and al-Uqayshir al-Asadi. Bishr was well known for instigating poetic duels between Jarir and
351:
During his governorship of Iraq, Bishr was known to be highly accessible and relatively merciful. Fond of poetry, he had many
1375:
1244:
1180:
1172:
The
History of al-áčŹabarÄ«, Volume XXVI: The Waning of the Umayyad Caliphate: Prelude to Revolution, A.D. 738â744/A.H. 121â126
1313:
1342:
1296:
Treadwell, Luke (2001). "The 'Orans' Drachms of Bishr ibn Marwan and the
Figural Coinage of the Early Marwanid Period".
1454:
1449:
1091:
552:
1411:
1286:
1265:
1156:
1070:
1046:
314:
105:
52:
563:
Bishr had contended with an unknown illness or infection from the time of his arrival in Basra. A few months later,
1459:
1444:
1105:
535:
revolt. At the end of 693, Bishr relocated to Basra, assigning as his deputy to Kufa the veteran Kufan statesman
435:
1325:
1190:
625:
492:
and Bishr taking up his office by 691/92. He returned to Syria at least once, in April 693, to visit his
663:
Bishr's son Abd al-Malik was appointed the deputy governor of Basra by his cousin, the governor of Iraq
668:
404:
322:
255:
726:
676:
548:
512:
380:
35:
1367:
Pens, Swords, And the
Springs of Art: The Oral Poetry Dueling of Palestinian Weddings in the Galilee
1321:
722:
664:
431:
1390:
707:
489:
443:
416:
372:
318:
85:
73:
680:
637:
497:
439:
399:(Umayyads) and his mother was Qutayya bint Bishr, who hailed from the aristocratic clan of the
337:
292:
1276:
1257:
Marriage in the Tribe of
Muhammad: A Statistical Study of Early Arabic Genealogical Literature
1146:
1365:
1309:
1239:. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
1175:. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
645:
587:
703:
8:
1439:
1421:
721:, in 756, and became a close adviser of Abd al-Rahman. He was credited by the historians
575:
379:
rebels in the province. However, he was forced to hand over command of the Iraqi army to
98:
1204:
Miles, George C. (May 1962). "A Byzantine Bronze Weight in the Name of BiĆĄr b. MarwÄn".
1221:
1166:
692:
1126:
1371:
1352:
1282:
1261:
1240:
1176:
1152:
1087:
1066:
1042:
578:
to replace Bishr as governor of Iraq, i.e. the combined provinces of Kufa and Basra.
540:
520:
408:
310:
1213:
1196:
Histoire de l'Espagne musulmane: La conquĂȘte et l'Ă©mirat hispano-umaiyade (710â912)
1131:
1121:
684:
485:
264:
1038:
The
Religious Elite of the Early Islamic កijÄz: Five Prosopographical Case Studies
1255:
1234:
1194:
1081:
1060:
1036:
718:
688:
641:
636:
Bishr was married to Umm Hakim bint
Muhammad ibn Umara, a great-granddaughter of
536:
516:
283:
1337:
1329:
1101:
1056:
547:(commander) on the Kharijite front, Bishr was ordered by Abd al-Malik to give
1433:
1356:
1333:
1317:
1151:. Paris: Mouton & Co and Ăcoles does Hautes Ătudes en Sciences Sociales.
424:
1217:
1148:
Structures sociales "orientales" et "occidentales" dans l'Espagne musulmane
1041:. University of Oxford Linacre College Unit for Prosopographical Research.
672:
609:
356:
657:
605:
551:
command over the army. Bishr opposed the move, as he intended to appoint
501:
403:, the Banu Ja'far. Bishr killed a chieftain of the Banu Kilab during the
396:
360:
1278:
The West and Islam: Western
Liberal Democracy Versus the System of Shura
1225:
1136:
699:
649:
400:
1170:
1001:
989:
739:
621:
613:
601:
505:
472:
420:
368:
624:. One poet who opposed Bishr was the pro-Zubayrid Kilabi chieftain,
493:
392:
383:. He died in office of an unknown illness and was buried in Basra.
326:
227:
836:
834:
832:
730:
653:
532:
376:
375:
in Basra and was officially in command of the war effort against
671:. In 740, Abd al-Malik provided safe haven to Yahya, the son of
348:
was added to his governorship, giving him full control of Iraq.
829:
734:
702:(the Iberian Peninsula) shortly after the establishment of the
592:
571:
504:(part of the Qays) to launch a retaliatory assault against the
457:
Arabic inscription: "In the name of God: Bishr ibn Marwan, the
39:
948:
656:, with whom he had a son, al-Hakam; and Hind bint Asma of the
1403:
667:, in 720, but was dismissed that year by Maslama's successor
524:
480:
454:
412:
345:
180:
960:
42:
minted in Aqola (near Kufa) by Bishr ibn Marwan, dated 693/4
1394:
795:
793:
791:
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
644:; Umm Kulthum al-Kubra bint Abi Salama, a granddaughter of
476:
459:
352:
341:
926:
924:
922:
897:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
779:
777:
775:
773:
771:
769:
767:
765:
763:
761:
523:. By 692/93, Abd al-Malik transferred the governorship of
411:
victory at Marj Rahit against the supporters of the rival
1083:
The
Umayyad Caliphate, 65â86/684â705: (A Political Study)
193:
Umm Hakim bint Muhammad ibn Umara ibn Uqba ibn Abi Mu'ayt
1013:
979:
977:
975:
919:
882:
858:
805:
758:
519:, a client of Abd al-Aziz and future conqueror of the
488:
which ended with the defeat and death of Iraq's ruler
438:, by early 685. Marwan appointed another of his sons,
1062:
Slaves on Horses: The Evolution of the Islamic Polity
907:
196:
Umm Kulthum bint Abi Salama ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf
972:
706:
there by his distant cousin, the grandson of Caliph
336:). Marwan posted Bishr to Egypt to keep his brother
297:
936:
870:
817:
846:
16:Umayyad prince and provincial governor (died 694)
1431:
683:against the Umayyads until Yahya could flee for
340:company. In 690/91, Bishr was made governor of
1189:
1007:
995:
628:, who castigated the Umayyad prince in verse.
729:(d. 1632) for advising Abd al-Rahman to use
698:Abd al-Malik ibn Bishr's son Bishr moved to
631:
367:, in his entourage and was elegized in many
1351:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 1242â1243.
1165:
966:
608:. Other poets under his patronage included
475:, Abd al-Malik appointed Bishr governor of
371:. He eliminated the remaining partisans of
1343:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
29:
1295:
1274:
1135:
1125:
1065:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
864:
840:
430:Bishr accompanied Marwan when he wrested
1308:
1253:
1144:
1019:
930:
901:
799:
386:
317:during the reign of his brother, Caliph
280:Abu Marwan Bishr ibn Marwan ibn al-Hakam
1400:Khalid ibn Abdallah ibn Khalid ibn Asid
616:, Suraka ibn Mirdas al-Bariqi, Nusayb,
529:Khalid ibn Abdallah ibn Khalid ibn Asid
515:, the senior aide of Abd al-Malik, and
471:According to the 8th-century historian
137:Khalid ibn Abdallah ibn Khalid ibn Asid
1432:
1232:
1100:
983:
954:
500:, Bishr patronized and encouraged the
1363:
1203:
1079:
1055:
1034:
942:
913:
876:
852:
823:
811:
687:. Abd al-Malik was executed by the
466:
287:
13:
14:
1471:
1127:10.3989/alqantara.1999.v20.i1.452
1275:Al-Sulami, Mishal Fahm (2003).
1028:
744:
712:
553:Umar ibn Ubayd Allah ibn Ma'mar
448:
436:Abd al-Rahman ibn Utba al-Fihri
331:
1233:Powers, David S., ed. (1989).
543:. Despite being made the lead
511:Bishr's advisers in Kufa were
1:
1298:Oxford Studies in Islamic Art
1260:. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
1080:Dixon, 'Abd al-Ameer (1971).
752:
604:by numerous poets, including
581:
564:
527:to Bishr after its governor,
303:
299:Bishr ibn MarwÄn ibn al-កakam
165:
1370:. Leiden and Boston: Brill.
719:Abd al-Rahman I ibn Mu'awiya
508:(part of the Yaman) in 693.
434:from its Zubayrid governor,
7:
1281:. London: RoutledgeCurzon.
1199:. Paris: G.-P. Maisonneuve.
537:Amr ibn Hurayth al-Makhzumi
298:
232:Qutayya bint Bishr (mother)
199:Hind bint Asma al-Fazariyya
10:
1476:
669:Umar ibn Hubayra al-Fazari
498:QaysâYaman tribal conflict
344:and about one year later,
1455:Umayyad governors of Kufa
1450:Umayyad governors of Iraq
1418:
1409:
1387:
1254:Robinson, Majied (2020).
1145:Guichard, Pierre (1977).
677:Yusuf ibn Umar al-Thaqafi
632:Marriages and descendants
586:According to Orientalist
549:al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra
513:Rawh ibn Zinba al-Judhami
381:al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra
273:
249:
244:
236:
223:
206:
186:
174:
161:
156:
152:
142:
130:
122:
111:
106:Umayyad governor of Basra
104:
92:
79:
69:
58:
51:
47:
28:
21:
1364:Yaqub, Nadia Y. (2007).
957:, pp. 149, 163â164.
693:toppling of the Umayyads
665:Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik
558:
325:with his father, Caliph
53:Umayyad governor of Kufa
1460:7th-century Arab people
1445:Sons of Umayyad caliphs
1218:10.1163/157005862X00628
1035:Ahmed, Asad Q. (2010).
708:Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik
531:, failed to put down a
417:Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr
1010:, p. 106, note 1.
998:, p. 130, note 1.
843:, p. 225, note 6.
681:Zayd's abortive revolt
479:, one of the two main
419:consolidated Marwan's
723:Ibn Sa'id al-Maghribi
646:Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf
588:Laura Veccia Vaglieri
481:Arab garrison centers
387:Early life and career
288:ۚێ۱ ŰšÙ Ù
۱ÙŰ§Ù ŰšÙ Ű§ÙŰÙÙ
1391:Mus'ab ibn al-Zubayr
1110:de ÊżAbd al-Raáž„mÄn I"
679:in the aftermath of
675:, from the governor
490:Mus'ab ibn al-Zubayr
405:Battle of Marj Rahit
373:Mus'ab ibn al-Zubayr
261:Conquest Egypt (685)
256:Battle of Marj Rahit
86:Mus'ab ibn al-Zubayr
1422:Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf
1310:Vaglieri, L. Veccia
1167:Hillenbrand, Carole
1008:Lévi-Provençal 1950
996:Lévi-Provençal 1950
814:, pp. 113â114.
638:Uqba ibn Abi Mu'ayt
626:Zufar ibn al-Harith
576:al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf
496:property. Amid the
393:Marwan ibn al-Hakam
391:Bishr's father was
148:Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf
99:Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf
1326:Lévi-Provençal, E.
1191:Lévi-Provençal, E.
640:, a member of the
321:. Bishr fought at
178:694 (aged mid-40s)
1428:
1427:
1419:Succeeded by
1377:978-90-04-15259-5
1314:"Bishr b. MarwÄn"
1246:978-0-7914-0072-2
1182:978-0-88706-810-2
1086:. London: Luzac.
969:, pp. 51â52.
916:, pp. 39â40.
691:in 750 after the
521:Iberian Peninsula
355:poets, including
296:
277:
276:
1467:
1412:Governor of Iraq
1388:Preceded by
1385:
1384:
1381:
1360:
1305:
1292:
1271:
1250:
1229:
1200:
1186:
1162:
1141:
1139:
1129:
1097:
1076:
1052:
1023:
1017:
1011:
1005:
999:
993:
987:
981:
970:
967:Hillenbrand 1989
964:
958:
952:
946:
940:
934:
928:
917:
911:
905:
899:
880:
874:
868:
862:
856:
850:
844:
838:
827:
821:
815:
809:
803:
797:
748:
746:
716:
714:
569:
566:
486:Battle of Maskin
467:Governor of Iraq
452:
450:
335:
333:
315:governor of Iraq
308:
305:
301:
291:
289:
265:Battle of Maskin
245:Military service
170:
167:
157:Personal details
145:
133:
116:
95:
82:
63:
33:
23:Bishr ibn Marwan
19:
18:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1415:
1407:
1398:
1378:
1289:
1268:
1247:
1183:
1159:
1102:Fierro, Maribel
1094:
1073:
1057:Crone, Patricia
1049:
1031:
1026:
1018:
1014:
1006:
1002:
994:
990:
982:
973:
965:
961:
953:
949:
941:
937:
929:
920:
912:
908:
904:, p. 1243.
900:
883:
875:
871:
863:
859:
851:
847:
839:
830:
822:
818:
810:
806:
802:, p. 1242.
798:
759:
755:
743:
711:
704:Umayyad emirate
689:Abbasid dynasty
634:
584:
567:
561:
517:Musa ibn Nusayr
469:
447:
389:
330:
306:
231:
219:
202:
179:
168:
143:
131:
117:
112:
93:
80:
64:
59:
43:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1473:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1417:
1408:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1376:
1361:
1322:Kramers, J. H.
1318:Gibb, H. A. R.
1306:
1293:
1287:
1272:
1266:
1251:
1245:
1230:
1212:(2): 113â118.
1201:
1187:
1181:
1169:, ed. (1989).
1163:
1157:
1142:
1098:
1093:978-0718901493
1092:
1077:
1071:
1053:
1047:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1022:, p. 159.
1012:
1000:
988:
971:
959:
947:
935:
933:, p. 143.
918:
906:
881:
879:, p. 232.
869:
867:, p. 209.
865:Al-Sulami 2003
857:
845:
841:Treadwell 2001
828:
826:, p. 114.
816:
804:
756:
754:
751:
747: 744â750
725:(d. 1286) and
715: 724â743
633:
630:
614:Kuthayyir Azza
583:
580:
560:
557:
541:Amir al-Sha'bi
468:
465:
451: 685â705
415:-based caliph
388:
385:
334: 684â685
275:
274:
271:
270:
269:
268:
262:
259:
251:
247:
246:
242:
241:
238:
234:
233:
225:
221:
220:
218:
217:
214:
210:
208:
204:
203:
201:
200:
197:
194:
190:
188:
184:
183:
176:
172:
171:
163:
159:
158:
154:
153:
150:
149:
146:
140:
139:
134:
128:
127:
124:
120:
119:
109:
108:
102:
101:
96:
90:
89:
83:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
56:
55:
49:
48:
45:
44:
36:Sasanian-style
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1472:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1423:
1414:
1413:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1386:
1379:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1304:(2): 223â269.
1303:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1288:0-415-31634-0
1284:
1280:
1279:
1273:
1269:
1267:9783110624168
1263:
1259:
1258:
1252:
1248:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1158:2-7193-0859-5
1154:
1150:
1149:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1109:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1078:
1074:
1072:0-521-52940-9
1068:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1048:9781900934138
1044:
1040:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1021:
1020:Guichard 1977
1016:
1009:
1004:
997:
992:
986:, p. 91.
985:
980:
978:
976:
968:
963:
956:
951:
945:, p. 61.
944:
939:
932:
931:Robinson 2020
927:
925:
923:
915:
910:
903:
902:Vaglieri 1960
898:
896:
894:
892:
890:
888:
886:
878:
873:
866:
861:
855:, p. 97.
854:
849:
842:
837:
835:
833:
825:
820:
813:
808:
801:
800:Vaglieri 1960
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
778:
776:
774:
772:
770:
768:
766:
764:
762:
757:
750:
741:
737:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
709:
705:
701:
696:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
661:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
629:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
597:
595:
594:
589:
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88:(non-Umayyad)
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1120:(1): 65â97.
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1029:Bibliography
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673:Zayd ibn Ali
662:
652:clan of the
642:Umayyad clan
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544:
510:
470:
458:
444:Abd al-Malik
429:
407:in 684. The
390:
350:
319:Abd al-Malik
279:
278:
250:Battles/wars
213:Abd al-Malik
144:Succeeded by
126:Abd al-Malik
113:
94:Succeeded by
74:Abd al-Malik
60:
1338:Pellat, Ch.
1330:Schacht, J.
1137:10261/47944
984:Fierro 1999
955:Powers 1989
658:Banu Fazara
606:al-Farazdaq
596:and court.
502:Banu Fazara
440:Abd al-Aziz
397:Banu Umayya
361:al-Farazdaq
338:Abd al-Aziz
313:prince and
307: 650s
169: 650s
132:Preceded by
81:Preceded by
1440:694 deaths
1434:Categories
1114:Al-Qantara
943:Ahmed 2010
914:Yaqub 2007
877:Crone 1980
853:Dixon 1971
824:Miles 1962
812:Miles 1962
753:References
727:al-Maqqari
700:al-Andalus
602:panegyrics
582:Assessment
568: 694
401:Banu Kilab
369:panegyrics
323:Marj Rahit
240:Abu Marwan
118:692/93â694
65:690/91â694
1357:495469456
1347:Volume I:
1334:Lewis, B.
740:Marwan II
622:al-Akhtal
533:Kharijite
506:Banu Kalb
473:al-Waqidi
421:caliphate
377:Kharijite
293:romanized
230:(father)
224:Parent(s)
114:In office
61:In office
1416:691â694
1340:(eds.).
1312:(1960).
1193:(1950).
1104:(1999).
1059:(1980).
685:Khurasan
660:tribe.
494:Damascus
327:Marwan I
237:Nickname
228:Marwan I
216:Al-Hakam
207:Children
1226:4055323
1206:Arabica
654:Quraysh
648:of the
618:al-Ra'i
572:African
409:Umayyad
395:of the
365:al-Ra'i
311:Umayyad
295::
187:Spouses
123:Monarch
70:Monarch
38:silver
1374:
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1336:&
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1224:
1179:
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1108:MawÄlÄ«
1090:
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735:mawali
731:Berber
593:shuráča
284:Arabic
40:dirham
1404:Basra
1316:. In
1222:JSTOR
1106:"Los
650:Zuhra
610:Jarir
559:Death
525:Basra
455:Kufic
432:Egypt
425:Syria
413:Mecca
357:Jarir
346:Basra
267:(691)
258:(684)
181:Basra
1395:Kufa
1372:ISBN
1353:OCLC
1283:ISBN
1262:ISBN
1241:ISBN
1177:ISBN
1153:ISBN
1088:ISBN
1067:ISBN
1043:ISBN
545:amir
477:Kufa
460:amir
363:and
353:Arab
342:Kufa
175:Died
162:Born
1349:AâB
1214:doi
1132:hdl
1122:doi
749:).
695:.
423:in
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1332:;
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1118:20
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974:^
921:^
884:^
831:^
760:^
745:r.
717:)
713:r.
612:,
565:c.
449:r.
427:.
359:,
332:r.
304:c.
302:;
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166:c.
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710:(
446:(
329:(
282:(
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