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currency to those customers directly. Customers buy or sell digital currency from digital currency exchanges, who transfer the digital currency into or out of the customer's DCP account. Some exchanges are subsidiaries of DCP, but many are legally independent businesses. The denomination of funds kept in DCP accounts may be of a real or fictitious currency.
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Spain, and New York "under charges for conspiracy to commit money laundering and conspiracy and operation of an unlicensed money transmitting business." Budovsky, a former U.S. citizen and naturalized Costa Rican, was convicted in connection with the 2006 Gold Age raid. More than $ 40 million in assets were placed under restraint pending
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Other data points in the survey included the problems that cryptocurrency traders experience with cryptocurrency exchanges and the expectation of traders. Security and high trading fees are the top concerns. The exchanges are all fairly new and privately held. Several do not report basic information
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and could be sent and received anonymously. The receiver could convert the
Liberty Reserve currency back into cash for a small fee. In May 2013, digital currency exchanger Liberty Reserve was shut down after the alleged founder, Arthur Budovsky Belanchuk, and four others were arrested in Costa Rica,
361:
and
Vladimir Kats were indicted "on charges of operating an illegal digital currency exchange and money transmittal business" from their apartments, transmitting more than $ 30 million to digital currency accounts. Customers provided limited identity documentation, and could transfer funds to anyone
516:
conference, financial industry executives said that "regulators must step in to protect crypto investors." Technology analyst Avivah Litan commented on the cryptocurrency ecosystem that "everything...needs to improve dramatically in terms of user experience, controls, safety, customer service." On
302:
The creators of digital currencies are typically independent of the digital currency exchange that facilitate trading in the currency. In one type of system, digital currency providers (DCP) are businesses that keep and administer accounts for their customers, but generally do not issue digital
306:
A digital currency exchange can be a brick-and-mortar business or a strictly online business. As a brick-and-mortar business, it exchanges traditional payment methods and digital currencies. As an online business, it exchanges electronically transferred money and digital currencies.
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to operate a cryptocurrency exchange. China and Korea remain hostile, with China banning bitcoin miners and freezing bank accounts. While
Australia is yet to announce its conclusive regulations on cryptocurrency, it does require its citizens to disclose their digital assets for
619:
maintained that "if a platform offers trading of digital assets that are securities and operates as an "exchange," as defined by the federal securities laws, then the platform must register with the SEC as a national securities exchange or be exempt from registration". The
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Also in July 2008 E-gold's three directors accepted a bargain with the prosecutors and pleaded guilty to one count of "conspiracy to engage in money laundering" and one count of the "operation of an unlicensed money transmitting business". E-gold ceased operations in 2009.
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Often, the digital currency exchanges operate outside the
Western countries to avoid regulation and prosecution. However, they do handle Western fiat currencies and maintain bank accounts in several countries to facilitate deposits in various national currencies.
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in 2008 and the subsequent introduction of other cryptocurrencies, many virtual platforms were created specifically for the exchange of decentralized cryptocurrencies. Their regulation differs from country to country.
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1096:"Written testimony of U.S. Secret Service for a Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Government Affairs hearing titled "Beyond Silk Road: Potential Risks, Threats, and Promises of Virtual Currencies""
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or other digital currencies. Exchanges may accept credit card payments, wire transfers or other forms of payment in exchange for digital currencies or cryptocurrencies. A cryptocurrency exchange can be a
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reported the largest cryptocurrency exchanges based on the volume and estimated revenues data collected by CoinMarketCap. Similar statistics was reported on
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Chatterjee, Sumeet; Davies, Megan; Aftab, Ahmed; McCrank, John; Nguyen, Lananh; Howcroft, Elizabeth; Azhar, Saeed; Sinclair Foley, John (2 December 2022).
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worldwide, with fees sometimes exceeding $ 100,000. Budovsky and Kats were sentenced in 2007 to five years in prison "for engaging in the business of
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changed its rules, affecting many exchanges. Since that time it became prohibited to exchange WebMoney to the most popular e-currencies like E-gold,
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in a survey by
Encrybit to understand cryptocurrency exchange problems. According to the survey, the top three cryptocurrency exchanges are:
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442:. A common approach to cyber money laundering was to use a digital currency exchanger service which converted dollars into
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Inc., a New York state business, was shut down by the U.S. Secret
Service after operating since 2002. Business operators
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Most or all of the missing bitcoins were stolen straight out of the Mt. Gox hot wallet over time, beginning in late 2011
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Sood, Aditya K; Enbody, Richard J; Bansal, Rohit (2013). "Cybercrime: Dissecting the State of
Underground Enterprise".
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Among the Asian countries, Japan is more forthcoming and regulations mandate the need for a special license from the
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604:. The adequacy of such licenses for the operation of a cryptocurrency exchange has not been judicially tested. The
295:. Some can convert digital currency balances into anonymous prepaid cards which can be used to withdraw funds from
17:
512:". The financial impact of the collapse extended beyond the immediate FTX customer base, as reported, while, at a
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administration to lock/block approximately 58 E-Gold accounts owned and used by The
Bullion Exchange, AnyGoldNow,
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2415:
1025:"#07-301: 04-27-07 Digital Currency Business E-Gold Indicted for Money Laundering and Illegal Money Transmitting"
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1847:"The SEC just made it clearer that securities laws apply to most cryptocurrencies and exchanges trading them"
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The
Terrorist-Criminal Nexus: An Alliance of International Drug Cartels, Organized Crime, and Terror Groups
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proceedings. This was the result of a large theft of bitcoins that were stolen straight out of the Mt. Gox
55:
1512:"Bitcoin briefly touches a new low for the year, FTX token plunges more than 75% in broad crypto sell-off"
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By 2016, several cryptocurrency exchanges operating in the
European Union obtained licenses under the EU
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2018:
1878:"Japanese regulator warns big cryptocurrency exchange for operating without a license, bitcoin falls"
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366:, a felony violation of state banking law", ultimately receiving sentences of five years' probation.
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such as Etherdelta, IDEX and HADAX do not store users' funds on the exchange, but instead facilitate
939:(Press release). Australian Securities & Investments Commission. 9 November 2004. Archived from
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342:-based digital currency exchange businesses voluntarily shut down following an investigation by the
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announced that they will issue regulations to impose stricter rules targeting exchange platforms.
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1939:"China's Regulators Freeze Multiple Bitcoin OTC Accounts in Latest Crackdown on Cryptocurrency"
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Richet, Jean-Loup (June 2013). "Laundering Money Online: a review of cybercriminals methods".
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as a transaction commission for its service or, as a matching platform, simply charges fees.
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worldwide while other digital currencies are backed by real-world commodities such as gold.
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were seized. The company was estimated to have laundered $ 6 billion in criminal proceeds.
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8:
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1967:
1122:"Digital currency biz Liberty Reserve shut down, founder arrested | by Sean Ludwig"
995:"Millions of dollars in limbo after shuttering of digital currency site Liberty Reserve"
963:
90:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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such as the names of the owners, financial data, or even the location of the business.
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813:"Draft Report on Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing through New Payment Methods"
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529:, was charged by the US attorney’s office for the southern district of New York with
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that affect other exchanges, but as of mid 2018 suffer from low trading volumes.
781:
Money Laundering, Asset Forfeiture and Recovery and Compliance – A Global Guide
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389:) and others, forcing G&SR (owner of OmniPay) to liquidate the seized assets.
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In June 2022, the US Securities and Exchange Commission launched an enquiry into
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A cryptocurrency exchange can typically send cryptocurrency to a user's personal
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1816:"Statement on Potentially Unlawful Online Platforms for Trading Digital Assets"
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709:"Substantiation – Money laundering in digital currencies (Unclassified)"
497:
1635:
Rushe, Dominic; Kari, Paul; Hern, Alex; Helmore, Edward (28 December 2022).
1477:
Ostroff, Caitlin; Ge Huang, Vicky; Gladstone, Alexander (11 November 2022).
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1641:
1052:"IDG News Service Internet currency firm pleads guilty to money laundering"
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715:. National Drug Intelligence Center, US Department of Justice. June 2008.
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1993:"Crypto-Currency Exchanges, Coin Offerings Facing Likely SEC Regulation"
1756:"Leading cryptocurrency exchanges according to traders 2018 | Statistic"
1726:"Expectations of traders from cryptocurrency exchanges 2018 | Statistic"
1309:"Cryptocurrency exchange MyCryptoWallet collapses, calls in liquidators"
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500:, which was at that time the third largest cryptocurrency exchange by
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Some brokerages which also focus on other assets such as stocks, like
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Tax treatment of cryptocurrencies in Australia - specifically bitcoin
346:(ASIC). The ASIC viewed the services offered as legally requiring an
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2010:
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1604:"After FTX's spectacular collapse, where does crypto go from here?"
1098:. United States Department of Homeland Security. 18 November 2013.
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provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject
1217:"Mt. Gox abandons rebuilding plans and files for liquidation: WSJ"
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2725:
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1909:"China's Shutdown of Bitcoin Miners Isn't Just About Electricity"
1637:"FTX founder Sam Bankman-Fried charged with defrauding investors"
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in the US court system, following what the exchange termed as "a
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as an entity and not into the crypto products it was dealing in.
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cryptocurrency trading. Decentralized exchanges are resistant to
276:
1278:"Mt. Gox Creditors Seek Trillions Where There Are Only Millions"
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now permits the trading of cryptocurrency derivatives publicly.
112:
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1696:"Traders: biggest problems of cryptoexchanges 2018 | Statistic"
1479:"FTX Files for Bankruptcy; Sam Bankman-Fried Steps Down as CEO"
1300:
899:"Cryptocurrency Exchanges Are Getting Hacked Because It's Easy"
386:
370:
1571:"After FTX collapse, pressure builds for tougher crypto rules"
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1370:"Crypto Exchange FTX Valued at $ 18 Billion in Funding Round"
937:"ASIC acts to shut down electronic currency trading websites"
530:
427:
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1786:"Bitcoin firm bags first electronic money licence in the UK"
1568:
1446:"FTX Goes Bankrupt in Stunning Reversal for Crypto Exchange"
2193:
2115:
810:
378:
1185:; Goldstein, Matthew; Tabuchi, Hiroko (28 February 2014).
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in Japan from creditors. In April 2014, the company began
271:, let users purchase but not withdraw cryptocurrencies to
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2845:
2451:
1339:"Binance.US Delists Cryptocurrency SEC Deemed A Security"
1153:"Bitcoin exchange Mt Gox files for bankruptcy protection"
333:
1476:
377:, GitGold, The Denver Gold Exchange, GoldPouch Express,
778:
Byrnes, William H.; Munro, Robert J. (2 October 2013).
482:
In December 2021 the MyCryptoWallet exchange called in
353:
In 2006, U.S.-based digital currency exchange business
1181:
395:
897:
Russolillo, Steven; Jeong, Eun-Young (16 July 2018).
1670:"Crypto Exchanges Are Raking in Billions of Dollars"
1634:
1412:"Embattled Crypto Exchange FTX Files for Bankruptcy"
1408:
27:
Trading exchange for crypto- and digital currencies
1410:
592:Legality of cryptocurrency by country or territory
392:A few weeks later, E-Gold faced four indictments.
1068:
3103:
1062:
742:
426:In 2013, Jean-Loup Richet, a research fellow at
344:Australian Securities and Investments Commission
239:), is a business that allows customers to trade
896:
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863:
861:
859:
857:
811:Working Group on Typologies (18 October 2010).
541:, and conspiracy to defraud the US and violate
1187:"Erosion of Faith Was Death Knell for Mt. Gox"
988:
986:
771:
283:do allow cryptocurrency withdrawals, however.
2026:
992:
451:, and more than 30 Liberty Reserve exchanger
275:. Dedicated cryptocurrency exchanges such as
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1049:
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369:In April 2007, the U.S. government ordered
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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2019:
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993:Boddiger, David; Arias, L (24 May 2013).
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215:Learn how and when to remove this message
197:Learn how and when to remove this message
1409:David Yaffe-Bellany (11 November 2022).
1209:
440:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
400:Following the launch of a decentralized
137:of all important aspects of the article.
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1315:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
1306:
1245:
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929:
870:Hesterman, Jennifer L (17 April 2013).
796:(Page number assigned by Google Books.)
731:
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617:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
438:were using in a report written for the
247:for other assets, such as conventional
14:
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1001:. San José, Costa Rica. Archived from
917:from the original on 11 September 2018
806:
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802:
713:Money Laundering in Digital Currencies
517:13 December 2022, FTX founder and CEO
334:2004–2008 Pre crypto regulatory issues
133:Please consider expanding the lead to
3000:Decentralized autonomous organization
2014:
1919:from the original on 3 September 2018
1888:from the original on 2 September 2018
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1844:
1667:
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1649:from the original on 31 December 2022
1628:
1616:from the original on 28 December 2022
1583:from the original on 28 December 2022
1491:from the original on 11 November 2022
1458:from the original on 11 November 2022
1437:
1425:from the original on 11 November 2022
1390:from the original on 18 November 2022
1368:Osipovich, Alexander (20 July 2017).
1349:from the original on 20 November 2022
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1197:from the original on 16 February 2022
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348:Australian Financial Services License
179:providing more context for the reader
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2040:
1990:
1820:U.S. Secured and exchange commission
1601:
1522:from the original on 8 November 2022
1443:
1319:from the original on 7 December 2021
1151:McLannahan, Ben (28 February 2014).
1144:
622:Commodity Futures Trading Commission
504:and valued at $ 18 billion, entered
364:transmitting money without a license
153:
106:
70:
29:
1595:
1534:
1510:Macheel, Tanaya (8 November 2022).
1307:Whitson, Rhiana (7 December 2021).
962:McCullagh, Declan (30 March 2001).
799:
751:(1). IEEE Computer Society: 60–68.
479:over time, beginning in late 2011.
396:2008–2014 advent of crypto currency
24:
1984:
1706:from the original on 12 April 2022
1676:from the original on 29 April 2022
1541:Khalili, Joel (11 November 2022).
1470:
1254:from the original on 19 April 2015
1031:from the original on 29 April 2007
719:from the original on 14 April 2022
458:
25:
3143:
3010:Distributed ledger technology law
1857:from the original on 1 April 2022
1796:from the original on 1 April 2022
1766:from the original on 29 June 2022
1736:from the original on 1 April 2022
1543:"The Fallout of the FTX Collapse"
1444:Hill, Jeremy (11 November 2022).
1276:Popper, Nathaniel (25 May 2016).
1227:from the original on 1 April 2022
1163:from the original on 3 April 2022
1132:from the original on 1 April 2022
1102:from the original on 1 April 2022
45:This article has multiple issues.
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1826:from the original on 9 July 2022
1288:from the original on 5 July 2022
158:
111:
75:
34:
1961:
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1906:
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1876:Cheng, Evelyn (23 March 2018).
1869:
1838:
1808:
1778:
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1718:
1688:
1503:
1331:
1114:
1017:
964:"Secret service raids Gold-Age"
125:may be too short to adequately
53:or discuss these issues on the
1845:Cheng, Evelyn (7 March 2018).
1668:Russo, Camila (5 March 2018).
1602:Wile, Rob (28 December 2022).
1246:Nilsson, Kim (19 April 2015).
955:
890:
585:
350:, which the companies lacked.
135:provide an accessible overview
13:
1:
691:
602:EU Electronic Money Directive
1991:Rash, Wayne (7 March 2018).
1248:"The missing MtGox bitcoins"
1050:Grant Gross (22 July 2007).
1027:. Usdoj.gov. 24 April 2007.
784:. LexisNexis. p. 2802.
629:Financial Services Authority
286:
7:
2071:Cryptographic hash function
820:Financial Action Task Force
639:
548:
10:
3148:
3117:Digital currency exchanges
876:. CRC Press. p. 218.
598:Payment Services Directive
589:
328:
3053:
3030:Initial exchange offering
3005:Decentralized application
2985:Cryptocurrency in Nigeria
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676:List of bitcoin companies
256:that typically takes the
233:digital currency exchange
84:This article needs to be
3035:List of cryptocurrencies
2922:Crypto service companies
2713:Cryptocurrency exchanges
1973:3 September 2018 at the
1484:The Wall Street Journal
1375:The Wall Street Journal
903:The Wall Street Journal
745:IEEE Internet Computing
681:Foreign exchange market
315:Decentralized exchanges
229:cryptocurrency exchange
2970:Complementary currency
2076:Decentralized exchange
2061:Cryptocurrency tumbler
842:Cite journal requires
506:bankruptcy proceedings
273:cryptocurrency wallets
3025:Initial coin offering
2980:Cryptocurrency bubble
2511:Basic Attention Token
2081:Decentralized finance
2066:Cryptocurrency wallet
671:Digital gold currency
496:On 11 November 2022,
469:bankruptcy protection
383:Digital Gold Currency
293:cryptocurrency wallet
3020:Environmental impact
2990:Cryptocurrency scams
829:on 11 February 2014.
2675:Inactive currencies
1005:on 31 December 2013
757:10.1109/MIC.2012.61
610:European Parliament
430:ISIS, surveyed new
175:improve the article
3112:Private currencies
2135:Proof of authority
2106:Non-fungible token
2086:Distributed ledger
1282:The New York Times
1191:The New York Times
686:Medium of exchange
463:In February 2014,
245:digital currencies
3122:Bitcoin exchanges
3097:
3096:
2917:
2916:
2396:
2395:
2096:Lightning Network
1949:on 8 January 2018
1345:. 2 August 2022.
1223:. 16 April 2014.
1058:on 14 April 2009.
883:978-1-4665-5761-1
791:978-0-327-17084-6
634:capital gains tax
519:Sam Bankman-Fried
323:security problems
225:
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217:
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152:
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105:
104:
68:
16:(Redirected from
3139:
3132:Cryptocurrencies
3085:
3084:
3073:
3072:
3061:
3060:
3045:Virtual currency
2995:Digital currency
2975:Crypto-anarchism
2867:
2866:
2620:HBAR (Hashgraph)
2603:Other currencies
2239:Ethereum Classic
2166:
2165:
2042:Cryptocurrencies
2035:
2028:
2021:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1978:
1965:
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1945:. Archived from
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1822:. 7 March 2018.
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1092:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1054:. Archived from
1047:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1010:
990:
981:
980:
978:
976:
959:
953:
952:
950:
948:
943:on 23 March 2011
933:
927:
926:
924:
922:
894:
888:
887:
867:
852:
851:
845:
840:
838:
830:
828:
822:. Archived from
817:
808:
797:
795:
775:
769:
768:
740:
729:
728:
726:
724:
705:
606:European Council
543:campaign finance
539:money laundering
510:liquidity crisis
434:techniques that
432:money laundering
241:cryptocurrencies
220:
213:
202:
195:
191:
188:
182:
162:
161:
154:
147:
144:
138:
115:
107:
100:
97:
91:
79:
78:
71:
60:
38:
37:
30:
21:
18:Bitcoin exchange
3147:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3093:
3049:
3015:Double-spending
2965:Blockchain game
2943:
2913:
2865:
2707:
2669:
2598:
2555:
2486:
2392:
2346:
2322:
2306:
2282:
2243:
2218:
2154:
2120:
2044:
2039:
2001:
1999:
1987:
1985:Further reading
1982:
1981:
1975:Wayback Machine
1966:
1962:
1952:
1950:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1922:
1920:
1905:
1901:
1891:
1889:
1874:
1870:
1860:
1858:
1843:
1839:
1829:
1827:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1799:
1797:
1792:. 4 July 2016.
1790:arstechnica.com
1784:
1783:
1779:
1769:
1767:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1739:
1737:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1709:
1707:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1679:
1677:
1666:
1662:
1652:
1650:
1633:
1629:
1619:
1617:
1600:
1596:
1586:
1584:
1567:
1563:
1553:
1551:
1539:
1535:
1525:
1523:
1508:
1504:
1494:
1492:
1475:
1471:
1461:
1459:
1442:
1438:
1428:
1426:
1407:
1403:
1393:
1391:
1366:
1362:
1352:
1350:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1322:
1320:
1305:
1301:
1291:
1289:
1274:
1270:
1257:
1255:
1244:
1240:
1230:
1228:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1200:
1198:
1180:
1176:
1166:
1164:
1157:Financial Times
1149:
1145:
1135:
1133:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1105:
1103:
1094:
1093:
1084:
1067:
1063:
1048:
1044:
1034:
1032:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1008:
1006:
991:
984:
974:
972:
960:
956:
946:
944:
935:
934:
930:
920:
918:
895:
891:
884:
868:
855:
843:
841:
832:
831:
826:
815:
809:
800:
792:
776:
772:
741:
732:
722:
720:
707:
706:
699:
694:
642:
594:
588:
553:In early 2018,
551:
461:
459:2014 to present
444:Liberty Reserve
417:Liberty Reserve
398:
359:Arthur Budovsky
336:
331:
289:
258:bid–ask spreads
221:
210:
209:
208:
203:
192:
186:
183:
172:
163:
159:
148:
142:
139:
132:
120:This article's
116:
101:
95:
92:
89:
80:
76:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3145:
3135:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3079:
3067:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2951:
2949:
2948:Related topics
2945:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
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2889:
2879:
2873:
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2864:
2863:
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2853:
2848:
2843:
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2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
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2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2717:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2679:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2565:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2497:
2495:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2407:
2405:
2402:Proof of stake
2398:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2373:Nervos Network
2370:
2365:
2360:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2333:
2331:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2299:
2293:
2291:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2254:
2252:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2229:
2227:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2175:
2173:
2163:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2145:Proof of stake
2142:
2140:Proof of space
2137:
2131:
2129:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2111:Smart contract
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2038:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2015:
2009:
2008:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1960:
1930:
1899:
1868:
1837:
1807:
1777:
1747:
1717:
1687:
1660:
1627:
1594:
1561:
1533:
1502:
1469:
1451:Bloomberg News
1436:
1418:New York Times
1401:
1360:
1330:
1299:
1268:
1238:
1208:
1183:Abrams, Rachel
1174:
1143:
1113:
1082:
1061:
1042:
1016:
999:The Tico Times
982:
954:
928:
889:
882:
853:
844:|journal=
798:
790:
770:
730:
696:
695:
693:
690:
689:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
661:Cryptocurrency
658:
653:
648:
641:
638:
587:
584:
579:
578:
573:
568:
555:Bloomberg News
550:
547:
521:, after being
460:
457:
436:cybercriminals
411:In July 2008,
402:cryptocurrency
397:
394:
338:In 2004 three
335:
332:
330:
327:
288:
285:
223:
222:
205:
204:
166:
164:
157:
150:
149:
129:the key points
119:
117:
110:
103:
102:
83:
81:
74:
69:
43:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3144:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3100:
3090:
3089:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2920:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2894:LocalBitcoins
2892:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2826:ItBit (Paxos)
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2718:
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2714:
2710:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
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2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2399:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2311:RandomX-based
2309:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2285:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2246:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2160:Proof of work
2157:
2151:
2150:Proof of work
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2036:
2031:
2029:
2024:
2022:
2017:
2016:
2013:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1988:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1964:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1934:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1903:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1872:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1841:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1781:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1751:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1721:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1675:
1672:. Bloomberg.
1671:
1664:
1648:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1631:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1598:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1565:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1537:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1506:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1473:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1440:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1413:
1405:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1364:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1303:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1272:
1265:
1253:
1249:
1242:
1226:
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1218:
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1196:
1192:
1188:
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1178:
1162:
1158:
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1147:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1101:
1097:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1077:
1072:
1065:
1057:
1053:
1046:
1030:
1026:
1020:
1004:
1000:
996:
989:
987:
971:
970:
965:
958:
942:
938:
932:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
893:
885:
879:
875:
874:
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
849:
836:
825:
821:
814:
807:
805:
803:
793:
787:
783:
782:
774:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
739:
737:
735:
718:
714:
710:
704:
702:
697:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
643:
637:
635:
630:
625:
623:
618:
615:In 2018, the
613:
611:
607:
603:
599:
593:
583:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
563:
562:
560:
556:
546:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
494:
492:
487:
485:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
456:
454:
450:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
424:
420:
418:
414:
409:
406:
403:
393:
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
367:
365:
360:
356:
351:
349:
345:
341:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
298:
294:
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
261:
259:
255:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
219:
216:
201:
198:
190:
187:November 2020
180:
176:
170:
167:This article
165:
156:
155:
146:
143:November 2020
136:
130:
128:
123:
118:
114:
109:
108:
99:
96:November 2020
87:
82:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
3099:
3086:
3074:
3062:
2939:Initiative Q
2712:
2297:Bitcoin Gold
2189:Counterparty
2184:Bitcoin Cash
2000:. Retrieved
1996:
1963:
1951:. Retrieved
1947:the original
1943:Yicai Global
1942:
1933:
1921:. Retrieved
1912:
1902:
1890:. Retrieved
1881:
1871:
1859:. Retrieved
1850:
1840:
1828:. Retrieved
1819:
1810:
1798:. Retrieved
1789:
1780:
1768:. Retrieved
1759:
1750:
1738:. Retrieved
1729:
1720:
1708:. Retrieved
1699:
1690:
1678:. Retrieved
1663:
1651:. Retrieved
1642:The Guardian
1640:
1630:
1618:. Retrieved
1607:
1597:
1585:. Retrieved
1574:
1564:
1552:. Retrieved
1546:
1536:
1524:. Retrieved
1515:
1505:
1493:. Retrieved
1482:
1472:
1460:. Retrieved
1449:
1439:
1427:. Retrieved
1416:
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1392:. Retrieved
1373:
1363:
1351:. Retrieved
1342:
1333:
1321:. Retrieved
1312:
1302:
1290:. Retrieved
1281:
1271:
1263:
1256:. Retrieved
1241:
1229:. Retrieved
1220:
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1199:. Retrieved
1190:
1177:
1165:. Retrieved
1156:
1146:
1134:. Retrieved
1125:
1116:
1104:. Retrieved
1064:
1056:the original
1045:
1033:. Retrieved
1019:
1007:. Retrieved
1003:the original
998:
973:. Retrieved
967:
957:
945:. Retrieved
941:the original
931:
921:11 September
919:. Retrieved
902:
892:
872:
835:cite journal
824:the original
780:
773:
748:
744:
721:. Retrieved
712:
666:Cryptography
626:
614:
595:
580:
552:
495:
488:
481:
462:
453:domain names
425:
421:
419:and others.
410:
399:
391:
368:
352:
337:
319:peer-to-peer
313:
309:
305:
301:
290:
262:
254:market maker
236:
232:
228:
226:
211:
193:
184:
173:Please help
168:
140:
124:
122:lead section
93:
85:
61:
54:
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717:Archived
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2330:-based
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2290:-based
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2251:-based
2249:Scrypt
2226:-based
2224:Ethash
2172:-based
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1955:2018
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907:ISSN
878:ISBN
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297:ATMs
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2882:FTX
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2645:NEO
2579:Pax
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2521:Kin
2482:TON
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