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1831:. Melissa Harris, ed. Aperture, 1972? Page 15ff. Cunningham and Cage met at the Cornish School. " remembers Miss Cornish saying that there were no grades, no schedules, ‘and I thought, if there’s a school like this in Seattle, imagine what there must be in New York. But I quickly found there was nothing like it there—in fact, the only other school I have found that offered the same kind of open experience was Black Mountain.’”
220:
195:
463:. The institution was established to "avoid the pitfalls of autocratic chancellors and trustees and allow for a more flexible curriculum," and "with the holistic aim 'to educate a student as a person and a citizen.'" The school was originally funded through a $ 10,000 gift from "Mac" Forbes, a former Rollins College faculty member, after the founders were unable to raise funds from traditional sources.
470:
approach, prioritizing art-making as a necessary component of education and attracting a faculty and lecturers that included many of
America's leading visual artists, composers, poets, and designers. During the 1930s and 1940s the school flourished, becoming well known as an incubator for artistic
692:
In May 1941, following the end of their lease at Blue Ridge
Assembly, the College moved its operations to Lake Eden, where it remained until its closing in 1957. Over these 16 years, College faculty, staff, and students established a working farm and constructed new buildings, including the iconic
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The students were involved at all levels of institutional decision-making. They were also left in charge of deciding when they were ready to graduate, which notoriously few ever did. There were no course requirements, official grades (except for transfer purposes), or accredited degrees. Graduates
578:
The school operated using non-hierarchical methodologies that placed students and educators on the same plane. Revolving around 20th-century ideals about the value and importance of balancing education, art, and cooperative labor, students were required to participate in farm work, construction
586:
The liberal arts program offered at Black
Mountain was broad, and supplemented by art making as a means of cultivating creative thinking within all fields. While Josef Albers led the school, the only two requirements were a course on materials and form taught by Albers and a course on Plato.
2824:
732:. The college suspended classes by court order due to debts; the school was unable to sustain itself financially given the greatly decreased number of students. In 1962, the school's books were finally closed, with all debts covered.
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Adolf Hitler's rise to power and the subsequent persecution taking place in Europe led many artists and intellectuals to flee and resettle in the US, populating Black
Mountain College with an influx of both students and faculty.
1112:
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755:, founded in 1933, continues the legacy of Black Mountain College through talks, exhibitions, performances, collection and preservation, and an annual fall conference that examines the college's history and impact.
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626:, an African-American woman who enrolled at Black Mountain College in 1944, is considered by some to be the first black student to enroll in an all-white institution of higher education in the South during the
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992:
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In addition, the college was operating in the South during the period of legal racial segregation at other colleges and universities in the region. While not immune from racial tensions, the student
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137:
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in
Germany, a similarly progressive arts-based educational institution. Many of the school's faculty left Europe for the US, and a number of them settled at Black Mountain, most notably
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2209:
2182:
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762:
is a multidisciplinary open-access digital publication that publishes articles, essays, and creative work related to the school and the individuals associated with it.
667:
2904:
701:), the Minimum House (designed by students), the Jalowetz House (Lawrence Kocher), and the Quiet House (a memorial to Mark Dreier designed by Alex "Bill" Reed).
2139:
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1688:
976:
1625:
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1021:
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1896:
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187:
716:'s {Re}HAPPENING. A number of the original structures are still in use as lodgings or administrative facilities, and two frescoes painted by
460:
1383:
1362:
It seems likely that
Williams was the first black student in the Jim Crow era to enroll at an all-white college or university in the South.
752:
713:
432:
1207:
686:
1096:
452:
1438:
315:
212:
53:
697:, music rehearsal cubicles (Paul Beidler), the Service Building (Lawrence Kocher), the Science Building (Paul Williams, Dan Rice, and
1344:
2859:
832:
1767:
510:. Black Mountain proved to be an important precursor to and prototype for many of the alternative colleges of today, ranging from
471:
talent. Notable events at the school were common; it was here that the first large-scale geodesic dome was made by faculty member
2233:
1806:
1287:
1135:""Which is the Black Mountain?": A Scholarly Introduction for The Black Mountain College Anthology of Poetry by Alessandro Porco"
807:
169:
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2834:
812:
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2024:
1960:
1937:
1106:
770:
663:
17:
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1030:
916:
519:
160:
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1052:
1034:(1942), reissued, with new introduction by Rice's grandson, William Craig Rice, University of South Carolina Press, 2014,
1880:
1655:
267:
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1861:
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1062:
673:
In 1937, it purchased a 667-acre (270 ha) property across the valley at Lake Eden. This property, developed by
424:
Although it was quite notable during its lifetime, the school closed in 1957 after 24 years due to funding issues;
337:
Many of the college's faculty and students were or would go on to become highly influential in the arts, including
2819:
1952:
1193:
Bloch, Mark., White Hot
Magazine: "January 2012: Black Mountain College and Its Legacy @ Loretta Howard Gallery"
1376:"Social Justice at BMC Before the Civil Rights Age: Desegregation, Racial Inclusion, and Racial Equality at BMC"
300:
2001:
1905:
1617:
1194:
1164:
1039:
938:
319:
240:
101:
2174:
1499:
see abstract, "Thomas E. Frank: The
Landlord: W. D. Weatherford and the Early Years of Black Mountain College"
735:
728:
Black
Mountain College closed in 1957, eight years after Albers left to direct the first design department at
2066:
459:
incident, specifically for refusing to sign a loyalty pledge, for which
Rollins was formally censured by the
1971:
1593:"Quiet House (inside view), Lake Eden campus, Black Mountain College - North Carolina Digital Collections"
689:
neighborhood, included a gate house, dining hall, sleeping lodges, several cottages and other structures.
1375:
877:
837:
704:
The property was later purchased and converted to an ecumenical Christian boys' residential summer camp (
527:
1483:
1460:
2899:
1018:
1710:
1416:
759:
2909:
892:
790:
330:'s educational philosophy, which emphasized holistic learning and the study of art as central to a
872:
795:
709:
678:
511:
2228:
1215:
882:
551:
425:
2825:
University and college buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
451:, Theodore Dreier, Frederick Georgia, and Ralph Lounsbury, who were dismissed as faculty from
2243:
2223:
1403:
921:
847:
583:
were presented with handcrafted diplomas as purely ceremonial symbols of their achievement.
555:
487:. In the 1950s, the focus of the school shifted to the literary arts under the rectorship of
1430:
1310:"Black Mountain College: A Brief Introduction - Black Mountain College Museum + Arts Center"
666:
south of Black Mountain, North Carolina, founded and owned by another progressive educator,
1566:
574:
Main Building of the former Black Mountain College, on the current grounds of Camp Rockmont
500:
8:
623:
398:
590:
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2036:
1976:
1890:
1353:
822:
739:
694:
559:
547:
472:
406:
374:
1798:
1540:
1279:
594:
From 1933 to 1941, Black Mountain College was located at the YMCA Blue Ridge Assembly.
326:, Theodore Dreier, and several others. The college was ideologically organized around
280:
2111:
2092:
2070:
2047:
2020:
1997:
1956:
1933:
1876:
1857:
1249:
1102:
1058:
1035:
984:
857:
674:
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515:
467:
390:
370:
366:
638:
during the 1945 Summer Music Institute; Percy H. Baker, hired on full-time in 1945;
562:, based on the same philosophy, was founded one year before Black Mountain College.
2084:
1683:
887:
867:
852:
774:
643:
539:
523:
476:
456:
448:
431:
The history and legacy of Black Mountain College are preserved and extended by the
358:
323:
71:
558:
located just minutes down the road from where Black Mountain College was located.
2125:
1985:
1025:
862:
817:
785:
729:
698:
543:
410:
312:
50:
2895:
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
1309:
708:). This has been used for years as the site of the Black Mountain Festival, the
2204:
2091:. Institute of Contemporary Art in Association with the Yale University Press.
1853:
651:
639:
535:
496:
402:
378:
354:
107:
2168:
654:
provided African-American teachers' salaries as well as student scholarships.
136:
2813:
2043:
2016:
1845:
1253:
988:
842:
778:
705:
488:
414:
394:
113:
1647:
1195:
https://whitehotmagazine.com/articles/its-legacy-loretta-howard-gallery/2446
1679:"North Carolina's Black Mountain College: A New Deal in American Education"
1564:
1481:
1013:
Mary Seymour, "The Ghosts of Rollins (and Other Skeletons in the Closet)",
827:
717:
682:
635:
608:
338:
331:
2063:
Black Mountain College: Sprouted Seeds: an Anthology of Personal Accounts
1993:
1332:
631:
612:
507:
386:
382:
342:
39:
1357:
1339:
2890:
National Register of Historic Places in Buncombe County, North Carolina
2134:
1848:& Biederman, Patricia Ward (1997). "Experiment at Black Mountain".
418:
346:
327:
2163:
1461:"Willis D. Weatherford - Swannanoa Valley Museum & History Center"
506:
Additionally, the College was an important incubator for the American
484:
480:
436:
350:
570:
1538:
977:"In the Spirit of Black Mountain College, an Avant-Garde Incubator"
647:
627:
362:
125:
1482:
Black Mountain College Museum + Arts Center (September 14, 2023).
1340:"Black Mountain College: A Pioneer in Southern Racial Integration"
1019:
http://www.rollins.edu/magazine/fall-2011/ghosts-of-rollins-2.html
911:
604:
579:
projects, and kitchen duty as part of their holistic education.
2265:
1906:"Black Mountain College and Its Legacy @ Loretta Howard Gallery"
939:"The Artists of Black Mountain College | American Masters | PBS"
765:
Black Mountain College was the subject of the museum exhibition
1565:
Black Mountain College Museum + Arts Center (January 6, 2022).
1949:
The Experimenters: Chance and Design at Black Mountain College
1054:
The Experimenters: Chance and Design at Black Mountain College
466:
Black Mountain was experimental in nature and committed to an
304:
Buckminster Fuller and students assemble a geodesic dome, 1948
1870:
685:
in Asheville) as a summer resort for residents of his nearby
2875:
Buildings and structures in Buncombe County, North Carolina
2850:
Defunct private universities and colleges in North Carolina
1242:"The Short Life and Long Legacy of Black Mountain College"
1972:"Why Are We Still Talking About Black Mountain College?"
1850:
Organizing Genius: The Secrets of Creative Collaboration
1768:"Leap Before You Look: Black Mountain College 1933-1957"
1737:"Leap Before You Look: Black Mountain College 1933-1957"
611:, who was selected to run the art program, and his wife
27:
Former liberal arts college in Asheville, North Carolina
767:
Leap Before You Look: Black Mountain College 1933–1957,
2089:
Leap Before You Look: Black Mountain College 1933-1957
1539:
Society of Architectural Historians (April 15, 2019).
1873:
Shape of Imagination: Women of Black Mountain College
495:
in 1954 and, together with his colleague and student
1871:
Black Mountain College Museum + Arts Center (2008).
777:
with Ruth Erickson. The show later exhibited at the
2239:
History of the National Register of Historic Places
1926:
Starting at Zero: Black Mountain College, 1933–1957
630:era. Notable African-American instructors included
2830:International style architecture in North Carolina
2035:
1618:"Charlot Fresco Conservation + the Summer of 1944"
933:
931:
2171:(Youtube; documentary by South Carolina ETV, 14m)
2130:"The Weirdness and Joy of Black Mountain College"
2811:
1208:"The Art Story: School - Black Mountain College"
2905:Educational institutions disestablished in 1957
1844:
1711:"The Journal of Black Mountain College Studies"
928:
753:Black Mountain College Museum & Arts Center
1728:
447:Black Mountain College was founded in 1933 by
219:
194:
2870:Universities and colleges established in 1933
2190:
1648:"Murals and Sculpture, timeline—Jean Charlot"
1095:South, Anne Chesky Smith and Heather (2014).
773:on October 10, 2015. The show was curated by
461:American Association of University Professors
2845:Education in Buncombe County, North Carolina
1715:Black Mountain College Museum + Arts Center
1622:Black Mountain College Museum + Arts Center
1571:Black Mountain College Museum + Arts Center
1516:Black Mountain College Museum + Arts Center
1488:Black Mountain College Museum + Arts Center
1314:Black Mountain College Museum + Arts Center
1169:Black Mountain College Museum + Arts Center
714:Black Mountain College Museum + Arts Center
433:Black Mountain College Museum + Arts Center
2197:
2183:
2105:
2083:
1990:Black Mountain An Exploration in Community
1930:Arnolfini Gallery and Cambridge University
1895:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1431:"Learning, the Black Mountain College Way"
646:during the 1946 Summer Art Institute; and
135:
2206:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
2124:
2038:Black Mountain College: Experiment in Art
1541:"Black Mountain College Studies Building"
1484:"ReVIEWING 14 Abstracts + Presenter Bios"
1384:Journal of Black Mountain College Studies
1374:Wilkins, Micah Wilford (March 23, 2014).
1345:The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education
1235:
1233:
1165:"Black Mountain Poets - Audio Recordings"
760:Journal of Black Mountain College Studies
615:, who taught weaving and textile design.
598:
161:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
2885:1957 disestablishments in North Carolina
1984:
1677:Harris, Mary Emma (September 13, 2010).
833:Milton Avery Graduate School of the Arts
808:Category: Black Mountain College faculty
734:
589:
569:
299:
153:Black Mountain College Historic District
2865:Liberal arts colleges in North Carolina
2060:
1969:
1923:
1734:
1373:
1115:from the original on September 28, 2020
1071:from the original on September 28, 2020
813:Category: Black Mountain College alumni
784:Black Mountain College was featured in
693:Studies Building designed by architect
14:
2812:
2010:
1735:Swenson, Kirsten (December 16, 2015).
1676:
1567:"Black Mountain College: Idea + Place"
1441:from the original on December 27, 2019
1390:from the original on September 6, 2019
1239:
1230:
970:
968:
966:
964:
912:"National Register Information System"
2880:1933 establishments in North Carolina
2178:
1903:
1809:from the original on October 29, 2017
1534:
1532:
1320:from the original on October 22, 2017
1290:from the original on October 23, 2017
1260:from the original on October 22, 2017
1240:Cotter, Holland (December 17, 2015).
1094:
949:from the original on October 11, 2017
771:Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston
2142:from the original on August 18, 2016
2033:
1946:
1796:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1050:
1031:I Came Out of the Eighteenth Century
974:
917:National Register of Historic Places
520:University of California, Santa Cruz
479:formed his dance company, and where
2169:'Black Mountain:A Thumbnail Sketch'
1628:from the original on April 15, 2019
995:from the original on April 14, 2019
961:
904:
24:
2013:The Arts at Black Mountain College
1529:
1280:"Josef and Anni Albers Foundation"
1175:from the original on July 11, 2019
1145:from the original on July 11, 2019
781:from February 21 to May 15, 2016.
664:YMCA Blue Ridge Assembly buildings
662:The college originally rented the
25:
2921:
2157:
1778:from the original on 4 April 2016
1774:. Los Angeles. 21 February 2016.
1658:from the original on May 31, 2020
1083:
742:at Black Mountain College in 1949
650:for the Spring 1946 quarter. The
603:In 1933, the Nazis shut down the
499:, developed the poetic school of
2264:
2257:
1970:Fortini, Amanda (July 7, 2022).
218:
211:
193:
186:
38:
2860:Music schools in North Carolina
1953:The University of Chicago Press
1924:Collier, Caroline, ed. (2005).
1837:
1821:
1790:
1760:
1703:
1670:
1640:
1610:
1585:
1558:
1504:
1475:
1453:
1423:
1367:
1302:
1272:
1200:
1057:. University of Chicago Press.
1051:Díaz, Eva (December 25, 2014).
428:now sits on the campus' site.
1187:
1157:
1127:
1044:
1007:
975:Kino, Carol (March 16, 2015).
320:Black Mountain, North Carolina
275:
241:Black Mountain, North Carolina
13:
1:
2840:Black Mountain College alumni
2835:Art schools in North Carolina
2067:University of Tennessee Press
2061:Lane, Marvin, ed. (c. 1990).
1904:Bloch, Mark. (January 2012).
1829:Merce Cunningham: Fifty Years
1573:. 1940s: A Place of Their Own
898:
227:Show map of the United States
2106:Rumaker, Michael (c. 2003).
657:
565:
322:. It was founded in 1933 by
7:
2799:National Historic Landmarks
2034:Katz, Vincent, ed. (2003).
878:Cornish College of the Arts
838:The Evergreen State College
801:
720:remain intact on the site.
528:The Evergreen State College
250:586.9 acres (237.5 ha)
10:
2926:
2011:Harris, Mary Emma (2002).
723:
554:, among others, including
442:
202:Show map of North Carolina
2786:
2273:
2255:
2216:
1512:"Transition to Lake Eden"
746:
493:The Black Mountain Review
483:staged his first musical
294:
286:
274:NRHP reference
273:
262:
254:
246:
236:
180:
176:
167:
158:
151:
147:
143:
134:
120:
96:
88:
78:
67:
59:
46:
37:
2110:. Black Mountain Press.
1797:Creative, The Uprising.
893:Woodstock Country School
263:Architectural style
1284:ww.albersfoundation.org
873:College of the Atlantic
710:Lake Eden Arts Festival
512:College of the Atlantic
2820:Black Mountain College
2229:Keeper of the Register
1411:Cite journal requires
1101:. Arcadia Publishing.
1098:Black Mountain College
883:New College of Florida
743:
599:Sociopolitical context
595:
575:
552:New College of Florida
435:, located in downtown
426:Camp Rockmont for Boys
403:Mary Caroline Richards
332:liberal arts education
309:Black Mountain College
305:
170:U.S. Historic district
33:Black Mountain College
2244:National Park Service
2224:Contributing property
1988:(December 17, 1971).
922:National Park Service
848:Warren Wilson College
796:2015 movie adaptation
738:
668:Willis D. Weatherford
652:Julius Rosenwald Fund
593:
573:
556:Warren Wilson College
303:
266:Bungalow, craftsman,
18:Black Mountain School
1856:. pp. 142–170.
1624:. December 6, 2017.
1028:; John Andrew Rice,
945:. October 16, 2006.
769:which opened at the
501:Black Mountain poets
475:and students, where
316:liberal arts college
126:blackmountaincollege
80:Administrative staff
54:liberal arts college
2108:Black Mountain Days
1437:. October 1, 2018.
1218:on October 16, 2017
1212:www.theartstory.org
1197:Retrieved 2022-1-13
624:Alma Stone Williams
399:Robert Rauschenberg
268:International Style
34:
2128:(March 14, 2016).
1977:The New York Times
1947:Díaz, Eva (2014).
1910:White Hot Magazine
1799:"The Longest Ride"
1435:Our State Magazine
1246:The New York Times
1024:2014-04-21 at the
981:The New York Times
823:Bennington College
798:of the same name.
744:
740:Buckminster Fuller
695:A. Lawrence Kocher
596:
576:
560:Bennington College
548:World College West
473:Buckminster Fuller
439:, North Carolina.
407:Dorothea Rockburne
375:Buckminster Fuller
306:
32:
2807:
2806:
2234:Historic district
2098:978-0-300-21191-7
2085:Molesworth, Helen
2076:978-0-87049-663-9
2053:978-0-262-60071-2
2026:978-0-262-58212-4
1962:978-0-226-06798-8
1939:978-0-907738-78-7
1875:. Asheville, NC.
1747:on April 19, 2016
1597:digital.ncdcr.gov
1108:978-1-4671-2235-1
858:Hampshire College
550:(1973–1992), and
532:Hampshire College
516:Naropa University
468:interdisciplinary
391:Robert Motherwell
371:Willem de Kooning
367:Elaine de Kooning
298:
297:
92:about 1,200 total
16:(Redirected from
2917:
2900:Academic freedom
2268:
2261:
2260:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2176:
2175:
2164:Official website
2152:(exhibit review)
2151:
2149:
2147:
2126:Schwabsky, Barry
2121:
2102:
2080:
2057:
2041:
2030:
2007:
1986:Duberman, Martin
1981:
1966:
1943:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1900:
1894:
1886:
1867:
1832:
1827:Vaughan, David.
1825:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1764:
1758:
1757:(exhibit review)
1756:
1754:
1752:
1743:. Archived from
1732:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1687:. Archived from
1674:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1589:
1583:
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1578:
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1556:
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1553:
1551:
1536:
1527:
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1524:
1522:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1494:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1463:. April 30, 2020
1457:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1414:
1409:
1407:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1237:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1214:. Archived from
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491:. Olson founded
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457:academic freedom
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2718:Transylvania
2144:. Retrieved
2133:
2107:
2088:
2062:
2037:
2012:
1989:
1975:
1948:
1925:
1913:. Retrieved
1909:
1872:
1849:
1838:Bibliography
1828:
1823:
1811:. Retrieved
1802:
1792:
1780:. Retrieved
1771:
1762:
1749:. Retrieved
1745:the original
1740:
1730:
1718:. Retrieved
1714:
1705:
1693:. Retrieved
1689:the original
1682:
1672:
1660:. Retrieved
1651:
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1630:. Retrieved
1621:
1612:
1600:. Retrieved
1596:
1587:
1575:. Retrieved
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1548:. Retrieved
1544:
1519:. Retrieved
1515:
1506:
1498:
1491:. Retrieved
1487:
1477:
1465:. Retrieved
1455:
1445:December 27,
1443:. Retrieved
1434:
1425:
1404:cite journal
1392:. Retrieved
1379:
1369:
1361:
1349:
1343:
1334:
1322:. Retrieved
1313:
1304:
1292:. Retrieved
1283:
1274:
1262:. Retrieved
1245:
1220:. Retrieved
1216:the original
1211:
1202:
1189:
1177:. Retrieved
1168:
1159:
1147:. Retrieved
1138:
1129:
1117:. Retrieved
1097:
1073:. Retrieved
1053:
1046:
1029:
1014:
1009:
997:. Retrieved
980:
951:. Retrieved
942:
915:
906:
828:Cooper Union
789:
783:
766:
764:
757:
750:
727:
718:Jean Charlot
712:(LEAF), and
703:
691:
683:Grove Arcade
672:
661:
636:Roland Hayes
621:
617:
609:Josef Albers
602:
585:
581:
577:
505:
492:
465:
446:
430:
423:
336:
308:
307:
237:Nearest city
74:(until 1940)
29:
2787:Other lists
2608:Northampton
2603:New Hanover
2578:Mecklenburg
1994:W.W. Norton
1915:January 13,
1813:October 21,
1720:December 5,
1602:December 5,
1577:December 5,
1550:December 5,
1521:December 5,
1493:December 5,
1467:December 5,
1324:October 22,
1294:October 22,
1264:October 22,
1222:October 23,
999:October 22,
953:October 22,
632:Carol Brice
613:Anni Albers
508:avant-garde
387:Franz Kline
383:Ray Johnson
343:Anni Albers
2814:Categories
2748:Washington
2683:Rutherford
2673:Rockingham
2638:Perquimans
2628:Pasquotank
2588:Montgomery
2408:Cumberland
2135:The Nation
2003:0393309533
1040:1611174368
899:References
675:E.W. Grove
419:Cy Twombly
347:Ruth Asawa
328:John Dewey
2855:Modernism
2503:Henderson
2473:Granville
2443:Edgecombe
2413:Currituck
2393:Cleveland
2328:Brunswick
2293:Alleghany
2288:Alexander
2276:by county
2146:August 4,
2138:: 27–30.
1891:cite book
1751:April 10,
1695:April 22,
1662:April 24,
1632:April 24,
1352:: 46–48.
1254:0362-4331
989:0362-4331
788:' novel,
687:Grovemont
658:Locations
566:Structure
485:happening
481:John Cage
437:Asheville
351:John Cage
63:1933–1957
2693:Scotland
2663:Richmond
2658:Randolph
2583:Mitchell
2573:McDowell
2533:Johnston
2508:Hertford
2483:Guilford
2453:Franklin
2423:Davidson
2398:Columbus
2378:Cherokee
2358:Carteret
2348:Caldwell
2343:Cabarrus
2333:Buncombe
2313:Beaufort
2283:Alamance
2140:Archived
2087:(2016).
1807:Archived
1782:11 April
1776:Archived
1656:Archived
1626:Archived
1439:Archived
1388:Archived
1358:25073557
1318:Archived
1288:Archived
1258:Archived
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