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the past, counting the cells in a patient's blood was performed manually, by viewing a slide prepared with a sample of the patient's blood under a microscope. Today, this process is generally automated by use of an automated analyzer, with only approximately 10-20% of samples now being examined manually. Abnormally high or low counts may indicate the presence of many forms of disease, and hence blood counts are amongst the most commonly performed blood tests in medicine, as they can provide an overview of a patient's general health status.
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The normal range (99% of population analyzed) for platelets is 150,000 to 450,000 per cubic millimeter. If the number of platelets is too low, excessive bleeding can occur. However, if the number of platelets is too high, blood clots can form thrombosis, which may obstruct blood vessels and result in
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A complete blood count (CBC) is a test panel requested by a doctor or other medical professional that gives information about the cells in a patient's blood. A scientist or lab technician performs the requested testing and provides the requesting medical professional with the results of the CBC. In
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from tissues to the lungs to be exhaled. Red blood cells are the most abundant cell in the blood, accounting for about 40-45% of its volume. Red blood cells are circular, biconcave, disk-shaped and deformable to allow them to squeeze through narrow capillaries. They do not have a nucleus. Red blood
304:. The average lifespan of a platelet is normally just 5 to 9 days. Platelets are a natural source of growth factors. They circulate in the blood of mammals and are involved in hemostasis, leading to the formation of blood clots. Platelets release thread-like fibers to form these clots.
343:, which stimulates the deposition of extracellular matrix. Both of these growth factors have been shown to play a significant role in the repair and regeneration of connective tissues. Other healing-associated growth factors produced by platelets include
153:. In adults, about 2.4 million RBCs are produced each second. The normal RBCs count is 4.5 to 5 millions per cu.mm. RBCs have a lifespan of approximately 100-120 days. After they have completed their lifespan, they are removed from the bloodstream by the
320:, or blockage of blood vessels to other parts of the body, such as the extremities of the arms or legs. An abnormality or disease of the platelets is called a thrombocytopathy, which can be either a low number of platelets (
405:, a new field of medicine, was established. Even though agents for staining tissues and cells were available, almost no advances were made in knowledge about the morphology of blood cells until 1879, when
277:. There are individual terms for the lack or overabundance of specific types of white blood cells. The number of white blood cells in circulation is commonly increased in the incidence of
324:), a decrease in function of platelets (thrombasthenia), or an increase in the number of platelets (thrombocytosis). There are disorders that reduce the number of platelets, such as
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Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is the rate at which RBCs sink to the bottom (when placed in a vertical column after adding an anticoagulant). Normal values of ESR are:
355:(VEGF). Local application of these factors in increased concentrations through platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been used as an adjunct to wound healing for several decades.
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Ross DW, Ayscue LH, Watson J, Bentley SA (September 1988). "Stability of hematologic parameters in healthy subjects. Intraindividual versus interindividual variation".
389:, also Dutch, was the first to draw an illustration of "red corpuscles", as they were called. No further blood cells were discovered until 1842 when French physician
78:(thrombocytes). Together, these three kinds of blood cells add up to a total 45% of the blood tissue by volume, with the remaining 55% of the volume composed of
227:. There are a variety of types of white blood cells that serve specific roles in the human immune system. WBCs constitute approximately 1% of the blood volume.
401:, a British physician, simultaneously. Both men believed that both red and white cells were altered in disease. With these discoveries,
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Maton, Anthea; Jean
Hopkins; Charles William McLaughlin; Susan Johnson; Maryanna Quon Warner; David LaHart; Jill D. Wright (1993).
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Artificially colored electron micrograph of blood cells. From left to right: erythrocyte, thrombocyte, leukocyte.
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Alberts, Bruce; Johnson, Alexander; Lewis, Julian; Raff, Martin; Roberts, Keith; Walter, Peter (2002).
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published his technique for staining blood films and his method for differential blood cell counting.
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Mature red blood cells are unique among cells in the human body in that they lack a nucleus (although
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The darker red blood syringes have deoxygenated blood, whereas the brighter red have oxygenated blood.
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and foreign materials. They are produced and derived from multipotent cells in the
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Red and white human blood cells as seen under a microscope using a blue slide stain
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was the first person to observe red blood cells under a microscope, and in 1695,
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Hajdu, Steven I. (2003). "A Note from
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discovered platelets. The following year leukocytes were first observed by
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are based on the inappropriate production of white blood cells.
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Diagram showing the development of different blood cells from
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Platelets release a multitude of growth factors including
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459:(3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. p. 434.
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The condition of having too few white blood cells is
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cells are much smaller than most other human cells.
434:. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, US: Prentice Hall.
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522:Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease
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123:hemoglobin
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374:Discovery
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