639:
772:
249:
232:
647:
665:, made it easier to study plasma, as ordinarily, upon coming in contact with a foreign surface – something other than the vascular endothelium – clotting factors become activated and clotting proceeds rapidly, trapping RBCs etc. in the plasma and preventing separation of plasma from the blood. Adding citrate and other anticoagulants is a relatively recent advance. Upon the formation of a clot, the remaining clear fluid (if any) is blood serum, which is essentially plasma without the clotting factors
358:
in the liver and play an important role in mineral transport and the inhibition of blood coagulation. An example of beta globulin found in blood plasma includes low-density lipoproteins (LDL) which are responsible for transporting fat to the cells for steroid and membrane synthesis. Gamma globulin, better known as immunoglobulins, are produced by plasma B cells, and provides the human body with a defense system against invading pathogens and other immune diseases.
29:
395:
832:) being spread through the blood supply, the British government began to phase out blood plasma from U.K. donors and by the end of 1999 had imported all blood products made with plasma from the United States. In 2002, the British government purchased Life Resources Incorporated, an American blood supply company, to import plasma. The company became Plasma Resources UK (PRUK) which owned
717:
to reconstitute the dried plasma contained within the other bottle. In about three minutes, the plasma would be ready to use and could stay fresh for around four hours. The Blood for
Britain program operated successfully for five months, with total collections of almost 15,000 people donating blood,
357:
The second most common type of protein in the blood plasma are globulins. Important globulins include immunoglobins which are important for the immune system and transport hormones and other compounds around the body. There are three main types of globulins. Alpha-1 and Alpha-2 globulins are formed
712:
Nevertheless, the decision was made to develop a dried plasma package for the armed forces as it would reduce breakage and make the transportation, packaging, and storage much simpler. The resulting dried plasma package came in two tin cans containing 400 cc bottles. One bottle contained enough
843:
At present (2024), blood donated in the United
Kingdom is used by UK Blood Services for the manufacture of plasma blood components (Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) and cryoprecipitate). However, plasma from UK donors is still not used for the commercial manufacture of fractionated plasma medicines.
668:
The use of blood plasma as a substitute for whole blood and for transfusion purposes was proposed in March 1918, in the correspondence columns of the
British Medical Journal, by Gordon R. Ward. "Dried plasmas" in powder or strips of material format were developed and first used in
689:, where a donor's red blood cells would be returned to the donor's body almost immediately after the separation of the blood plasma. This technique is still in practice today, almost 80 years later. In 1945, Dr. Grifols opened the world's first plasma donation center.
1933:
Pusateri, Anthony; Given, Michael; Schreiber, Martin; Spinella, Philip; Pati, Shibani; Kozar, Rosemary; Khan, Abdul; Dacorta, Joseph; Kupferer, Kevin; Prat, Nicolas; Pidcoke, Heather; Macdonald, Victor; Malloy, Wilbur; Sailliol, Anne; Cap, Andrew (April 21, 2016).
343:, the consistency of blood would be closer to that of water. The increased viscosity of blood prevents fluid from entering the bloodstream from outside the capillaries. Albumins are produced in the liver, assuming the absence of a hepatocellular deficiency.
812:, as their plasma does not contain the antibodies that may cross react with recipient antigens. As such, AB is often considered the "universal donor" for plasma. Special programs exist just to cater to the male AB plasma donor, because of concerns about
807:
and can be safely transfused to most recipients. Type AB+ is the "universal recipient" type for PRBC donations. However, for plasma the situation is somewhat reversed. Blood donation centers will sometimes collect only plasma from AB donors through
840:, in a deal estimated to be worth ÂŁ200 million. The sale was met with criticism in the UK. In 2009, the U.K. stopped importing plasma from the United States, as it was no longer a viable option due to regulatory and jurisdictional challenges.
2046:
214:. It is of critical importance in the treatment of many types of trauma which result in blood loss, and is therefore kept stocked universally in all medical facilities capable of treating trauma (e.g.,
2024:
2317:
1991:
816:(TRALI) and female donors who may have higher leukocyte antibodies. However, some studies show an increased risk of TRALI despite increased leukocyte antibodies in women who have been pregnant.
638:
748:. Drew insisted that there was no racial difference in human blood and that the policy would lead to needless deaths as soldiers and sailors were required to wait for "same race" blood.
701:'s contribution. A large project began in August 1940 to collect blood in New York City hospitals for the export of plasma to Britain. Drew was appointed medical supervisor of the "
855:(SBF) is a solution having a similar ion concentration to that of human blood plasma. SBF is normally used for the surface modification of metallic implants, and more recently in
685:
Dr. José Antonio
Grifols Lucas, a scientist from Vilanova i la GeltrĂş, Spain, founded Laboratorios Grifols in 1940. Dr. Grifols pioneered a first-of-its-kind technique called
442:
is released from broken blood cells. Plasma is normally relatively transparent, but sometimes it can be opaque. Opaqueness is typically due to elevated content of lipids like
2223:
588:
An unknown volume of anticoagulants can be added to a plasma sample by accident, which may ruin the sample as the analyte concentration is changed by an unknown amount.
2792:
1367:
986:
2974:
2129:
1048:
Tripathi S, Kumar V, Prabhakar A, Joshi S, Agrawal A (2015). "Passive blood plasma separation at the microscale: a review of design principles and microdevices".
1170:
2837:
2284:
2016:
2306:
1398:
934:
1983:
1772:"Evaluation of the BD Vacutainer(®) RST blood collection tube for routine chemistry analytes: clinical significance of differences and stability study"
1429:
627:
Plasma samples can form tiny clots if the added anticoagulant is not properly mixed with the sample. Non-uniform samples can cause measurement errors.
1337:
372:
Fibrinogen proteins make up most of the remaining proteins in the blood. Fibrinogens are responsible for clotting blood to help prevent blood loss.
2679:
2346:
2253:
1512:
2436:
755:
had provided enough blood for over six million plasma packages. Most of the surplus plasma was returned to the United States for civilian use.
2165:
2967:
3481:
3094:
2674:
1141:
339:
Serum albumins are the most common plasma proteins, and they are responsible for maintaining the osmotic pressure of the blood. Without
2684:
2557:
2370:"The Use of Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) for Assessing Materials Bioactivity in the Context of Tissue Engineering: Review and Challenges"
908:
1713:"Standardisation of flow cytometry for whole blood immunophenotyping of islet transplant and transplant clinical trial recipients"
192:
to allow for rapid testing of specific biomarkers. Blood plasma has a density of approximately 1,025 kg/m (1.025 g/ml).
2960:
729:
74:(all body fluid outside cells). It is mostly water (up to 95% by volume), and contains important dissolved proteins (6–8%; e.g.,
2215:
658:
in 1628, but knowledge of it probably dates as far back as
Vesalius (1514–1564). The discovery of fibrinogen by William Henson,
2700:
620:
No anticoagulants are added to serum samples, which decreases the preparation cost of the samples relative to plasma samples.
2669:
813:
207:
2695:
1359:
513:, which can cause expected and unexpected measurement errors. For example, anticoagulant salts can add extra cations like
2192:
994:
289:
1459:
697:
The "Blood for
Britain" program during the early 1940s was quite successful (and popular in the United States) based on
581:
Compared to serum, 15–20% larger volume of plasma can be obtained from a blood sample of certain size. Serum lacks some
2429:
2307:"Importation of plasma and use of apheresis platelets as risk reduction measures for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease"
1884:
Brake, Marisa; Ivanciu, Lacramioara; Maroney, Susan; Martinez, Nicolas; Mast, Alan; Westrick, Randal (March 15, 2019).
873:
2712:
2145:
2113:
1163:
1032:
938:
825:
2276:
237:
1390:
317:
642:
Private Roy W. Humphrey is being given blood plasma after he was wounded by shrapnel in Sicily in August 1943.
422:. In abnormal cases, plasma can have varying shades of orange, green, or brown. The green color can be due to
3571:
2497:
2422:
1197:"Usage of Blood Products in Multiple Casualty Incidents: The Experience of a Level I Trauma Center in Israel"
883:
1421:
3364:
3172:
2747:
2601:
560:), but they may also bind other ions. Even if such ions are not the analytes, chelators can interfere with
218:, hospitals, and ambulances) or that pose a risk of patient blood loss such as surgical suite facilities.
1333:
2617:
888:
741:
2342:
2245:
184:
until the blood cells fall to the bottom of the tube. The blood plasma is then poured or drawn off. For
1482:
1196:
868:
2827:
2822:
2787:
2767:
2722:
2664:
293:
282:
67:
2082:
1294:"Orthostatic hypercoagulability: a novel physiological mechanism to activate the coagulation system"
771:
593:
Serum preparation can cause measurement errors by increasing or decreasing the concentration of the
3426:
2644:
2634:
1420:
Biga LM, Dawson S, Harwell A, Hopkins R, Kaufmann J, LeMaster M, et al. (September 26, 2019).
1826:
Uges DR (October 1988). "Plasma or serum in therapeutic drug monitoring and clinical toxicology".
3556:
3528:
3447:
3316:
2941:
2892:
2872:
2519:
2161:
833:
573:
248:
189:
20:
2916:
2862:
2757:
2735:
2482:
614:
63:
740:. Drew argued against the armed forces directive that blood/plasma was to be separated by the
2902:
2857:
2762:
2414:
1935:
1243:"Role of the interstitium during septic shock: a key to the understanding of fluid dynamics?"
1133:
796:
795:(FFP) or Plasma Frozen within 24 hours after phlebotomy (PF24). When donating whole blood or
231:
185:
3561:
3523:
2867:
2782:
2772:
2654:
2596:
2475:
2449:
1724:
1057:
852:
569:
557:
466:. Tests can be done on plasma, serum or both. In addition, some tests have to be done with
399:
803:
is the most desirable and is considered a "universal donor," since it has neither A nor B
200:
is a medical therapy that involves blood plasma extraction, treatment, and reintegration.
8:
3566:
3311:
3286:
2852:
2842:
2492:
930:
792:
313:
305:
274:
262:
203:
173:
71:
1728:
1711:
Jimenez Vera E, Chew YV, Nicholson L, Burns H, Anderson P, Chen HT, et al. (2019).
1269:
1242:
1069:
1061:
916:
721:
Following the
Supplying Blood Plasma to England project, Drew was named director of the
709:
methods of many blood researchers into the first successful mass production techniques.
502:
and then analyzed. However, coagulation can be hastened down to a few minutes by adding
3457:
2882:
2396:
2369:
1910:
1885:
1851:
1796:
1771:
1747:
1712:
1654:
1627:
1562:
1535:
1310:
1293:
1073:
752:
737:
733:
702:
381:
646:
498:. Serum sample preparation requires about 30 minutes of waiting time before it can be
3321:
2936:
2931:
2817:
2514:
2445:
2401:
2141:
2134:
2109:
1955:
1915:
1843:
1801:
1752:
1659:
1608:
1567:
1504:
1315:
1274:
1216:
1114:
1077:
1028:
1021:
1019:
Maton A, Hopkins J, McLaughlin CW, Johnson S, Warner MQ, LaHart D, Wright JD (1993).
961:
788:
385:
1855:
3398:
3301:
3116:
2639:
2586:
2552:
2526:
2391:
2381:
1947:
1905:
1897:
1835:
1791:
1783:
1742:
1732:
1693:
1649:
1639:
1598:
1557:
1547:
1494:
1305:
1264:
1254:
1208:
1104:
1065:
836:. In 2013, the British government sold an 80% stake in PRUK to American hedge fund
597:
that is meant to be measured. For example, during coagulation, blood cells consume
91:
3347:
3136:
3068:
2952:
2926:
2740:
2507:
2502:
1737:
1499:
1109:
1092:
912:
714:
698:
561:
309:
266:
2136:
What Your 1st Grader Needs to Know: Fundamentals of a Good First-Grade
Education
1212:
165:
effect that keeps electrolyte concentration balanced and protects the body from
3551:
3413:
3393:
3342:
3186:
3131:
3111:
3106:
3028:
2992:
2812:
2707:
2622:
2582:
2547:
2386:
2189:"Female Plasma May Not Increase Risk for Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury"
1259:
800:
784:
745:
475:
427:
389:
270:
197:
154:
2188:
953:
3545:
3493:
3403:
3048:
2797:
2590:
2457:
1644:
1603:
1586:
1552:
1451:
856:
780:
756:
598:
510:
439:
423:
334:
215:
211:
193:
188:
applications, plasma can be extracted from whole blood via filtration or via
177:
75:
55:
43:
292:. As a result, approximately 12% of blood plasma volume will cross into the
3452:
3421:
3281:
3146:
3038:
3001:
2846:
2405:
1959:
1919:
1805:
1756:
1663:
1612:
1571:
1508:
1319:
1278:
1220:
1118:
965:
837:
670:
447:
278:
33:
1847:
3195:
3078:
2802:
2629:
2465:
1787:
1093:"Synthetic Paper Separates Plasma from Whole Blood with Low Protein Loss"
674:
617:
by secreting them. Glucose or these other compounds may be the analytes.
499:
495:
467:
459:
443:
431:
419:
157:(plasma being the main medium for excretory product transportation), and
95:
59:
673:. Prior to the United States' involvement in the war, liquid plasma and
3306:
3296:
3276:
3268:
3230:
3213:
3203:
3141:
3033:
2730:
2542:
1871:
Blood, Pure and
Eloquent: a story of discovery, of people, and of ideas
1839:
1697:
878:
760:
725:
650:
Dried plasma packages used by the
British and US militaries during WWII
471:
463:
415:
411:
367:
301:
181:
83:
51:
1951:
705:" project. His notable contribution at this time was to transform the
3513:
3359:
3291:
3242:
3208:
3073:
3053:
3043:
2807:
2689:
2578:
2314:
Advisory Committee on the Safety of Blood, Tissues and Organs (SaBTO)
1536:"Greenish discoloration of plasma: Is it really a matter of concern?"
809:
722:
706:
610:
606:
529:
435:
407:
352:
166:
1901:
66:. It makes up about 55% of the body's total blood volume. It is the
28:
3486:
3380:
3259:
3247:
3223:
3218:
3006:
2562:
2470:
804:
602:
541:
537:
503:
79:
1334:"Albumin: Liver Function Test - Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease"
654:
Plasma was already well known when described by William Harvey in
3388:
3235:
2921:
2887:
1688:"Use of anticoagulants in diagnostic laboratory investigations".
594:
582:
576:. Thus, phosphatase activity cannot be measured if EDTA is used.
553:
549:
521:
394:
340:
162:
150:
87:
1769:
1241:
Dargent A, Dumargne H, Labruyère M, et al. (October 2023).
288:
Standing still for a prolonged period will cause an increase in
240:, showing normal mass concentration of blood plasma constituents
3476:
3352:
3016:
2832:
952:
Mathew, Joscilin; Sankar, Parvathy; varacallo, Matthew (2024).
525:
434:
once ingested. A dark brown or reddish color can appear due to
158:
2444:
1932:
1710:
3431:
2911:
2897:
2877:
1018:
514:
430:. The latter may form due to medicines that are able to form
47:
1936:"Dried plasma: state of the science and recent developments"
1481:
Elkassabany NM, Meny GM, Doria RR, Marcucci C (April 2008).
1480:
585:
that partake in coagulation and increase the sample volume.
2906:
2777:
2752:
1883:
1090:
1047:
829:
565:
545:
533:
1886:"Assessing blood clotting and coagulation factors in mice"
453:
2277:"Bain Capital buys majority stake in Plasma Resources UK"
2074:
1164:"19th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (April 2015)"
1584:
1419:
1240:
254:
The same information, shown in molarity rather than mass
1291:
172:
Blood plasma can be separated from whole blood through
3000:
951:
261:
Blood plasma volume may be expanded by or drained to
1770:Kocijancic M, Cargonja J, Delic-Knezevic A (2014).
1585:Tesfazghi MT, McGill MR, Yarbrough ML (July 2019).
1292:Masoud M, Sarig G, Brenner B, Jacob G (June 2008).
929:
210:, the most important medications needed in a basic
2982:
2133:
1628:"Turbid plasma donations: Need for quantification"
1091:Guo W, Hansson J, van der Wijngaart W (May 2020).
1020:
2220:Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy
2216:"Blood transmission of vCJD suspected in Britain"
1533:
906:
3543:
2680:Transfusion-associated graft versus host disease
759:replaced dried plasma for combat use during the
180:to a tube filled with blood, which is spun in a
2106:Blood: An Epic History of Medicine and Commerce
1027:. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
680:
312:and, as a result of increased concentration of
2367:
1625:
1389:Thomas L (October 10, 2018). Simmons H (ed.).
605:increase the sample content of compounds like
2968:
2430:
1084:
470:, such as the determination of the amount of
509:Plasma preparation requires the addition of
161:. It plays a vital role in an intravascular
2675:Transfusion associated circulatory overload
1828:Pharmaceutisch Weekblad. Scientific Edition
718:and with over 5,500 vials of blood plasma.
2975:
2961:
2685:Febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction
2558:International Society of Blood Transfusion
2437:
2423:
2368:Baino, F.; Yamaguchi, S. (December 2020).
1591:The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine
979:
494:Plasma preparation is quick, as it is not
489:Some of the benefits of serum over plasma
486:Some of the benefits of plasma over serum
398:Bags of frozen plasma, from a person with
269:across capillary walls. For example, when
196:is blood plasma without clotting factors.
2395:
2385:
2128:
1909:
1795:
1746:
1736:
1653:
1643:
1602:
1561:
1551:
1498:
1309:
1268:
1258:
1108:
847:
2246:"NHS pays ÂŁ50m for US blood plasma firm"
1587:"What's Causing This Dark Brown Plasma?"
1131:
987:"Ways to Keep Your Blood Plasma Healthy"
775:A machine being used for plasma donation
770:
732:, in charge of blood collection for the
645:
637:
393:
27:
3482:Megakaryocyte–erythroid progenitor cell
2186:
2164:. NIH Clinical Center. March 20, 2008.
2069:
2067:
1340:from the original on September 13, 2021
1336:. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.
1156:
1014:
1012:
506:or similar agents to the serum sample.
454:Plasma vs. serum in medical diagnostics
277:, Starling forces drive fluid into the
3544:
2287:from the original on November 13, 2020
2274:
2195:from the original on February 12, 2022
2168:from the original on February 15, 2022
2097:
2085:from the original on December 11, 2021
2011:
2009:
1978:
1976:
1432:from the original on November 29, 2021
1401:from the original on November 29, 2021
1391:"Blood Plasma Components and Function"
1388:
1370:from the original on November 29, 2021
1194:
564:measurements. For example, EDTA binds
2956:
2670:Transfusion related acute lung injury
2418:
2103:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1534:Mani A, Poornima AP, Gupta D (2019).
1144:from the original on December 9, 2021
814:transfusion related acute lung injury
208:WHO Model List of Essential Medicines
2349:from the original on January 7, 2024
2213:
2064:
1868:
1825:
1632:Asian Journal of Transfusion Science
1540:Asian Journal of Transfusion Science
1440:– via Oregon State University.
1009:
692:
2140:. pp 232–233. New York: Doubleday.
2006:
1973:
1176:from the original on April 28, 2019
290:transcapillary hydrostatic pressure
169:and other blood-related disorders.
13:
2323:from the original on July 25, 2021
2256:from the original on June 24, 2021
2226:from the original on June 24, 2021
2027:from the original on July 25, 2021
1994:from the original on July 25, 2021
1890:Current Protocols in Mouse Biology
1812:
1670:
1626:Agnihotri N, Kumar L (July 2014).
1515:from the original on July 27, 2020
1462:from the original on July 18, 2021
1311:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.112003
1132:Shmukler M (2004). Elert G (ed.).
874:Chromatography in blood processing
766:
532:to the sample, or impurities like
323:
14:
3583:
2713:Transfusion transmitted infection
826:variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
819:
406:Plasma is normally yellow due to
402:(left) and typical plasma (right)
247:
238:Reference ranges for blood tests
230:
2361:
2335:
2299:
2268:
2238:
2207:
2180:
2154:
2122:
2039:
1926:
1877:
1862:
1763:
1704:
1619:
1578:
1527:
1474:
1444:
1413:
1382:
1352:
1326:
1285:
1234:
1188:
54:are absent, but which contains
2187:Barclay L (October 23, 2007).
1360:"Globulins | Encyclopedia.com"
1125:
1041:
945:
937:. tuskegee.edu. Archived from
923:
900:
728:and assistant director of the
318:orthostatic hypercoagulability
1:
2345:. blood.co.uk. January 2024.
1070:10.1088/0960-1317/25/8/083001
894:
884:Hypoxia preconditioned plasma
659:
361:
46:-colored liquid component of
3173:Extramedullary hematopoiesis
2602:Intraoperative blood salvage
2214:Roos R (December 19, 2003).
1738:10.1371/journal.pone.0217163
1500:10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181672668
1110:10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01474
681:The origin of plasmapheresis
346:
7:
2618:Blood compatibility testing
1213:10.1001/archsurg.143.10.983
889:Intravascular volume status
862:
328:
10:
3588:
2387:10.3390/biomimetics5040057
2275:Rankin J (July 18, 2013).
2047:"Father of the Blood Bank"
1260:10.1186/s40560-023-00694-z
954:"Physiology, blood plasma"
869:Blood plasma fractionation
751:By the end of the war the
633:
379:
365:
350:
332:
265:when there are changes in
58:and other constituents of
18:
3506:
3466:
3440:
3412:
3379:
3339:Antigen-presenting cells
3332:
3267:
3258:
3194:
3185:
3165:
3127:
3102:
3093:
3064:
3024:
3015:
2991:
2721:
2665:Transfusion hemosiderosis
2653:
2610:
2571:
2535:
2456:
2162:"AB Plasma Donor Program"
2017:"Biography: J.A. Grifols"
1984:"When a Dream Comes True"
1700:. WHO/DIL/LAB/99.1 Rev.2.
1690:World Health Organization
1422:"18.1 Functions of Blood"
730:National Research Council
294:extravascular compartment
221:
16:Liquid component of blood
3427:Nucleated red blood cell
2983:Myeloid blood cells and
2645:Monocyte monolayer assay
1645:10.4103/0973-6247.137436
1604:10.1373/jalm.2018.026633
1553:10.4103/ajts.AJTS_117_18
1483:"Green plasma-revisited"
1426:Anatomy & Physiology
1023:Human Biology and Health
375:
3529:Hematopoietic stem cell
3448:Leukocyte extravasation
3317:Foreign-body giant cell
2520:Granulocyte transfusion
834:Bio Products Laboratory
2380:(4). Biomimetics: 57.
1050:J. Micromech. Microeng
907:Dennis O'Neil (1999).
848:Synthetic blood plasma
776:
651:
643:
615:aspartate transaminase
552:salts work by binding
403:
300:causes an increase in
36:
2655:Transfusion reactions
2252:. December 17, 2002.
2021:discovertheplasma.com
941:on December 28, 2013.
799:(PRBC) transfusions,
797:packed red blood cell
774:
649:
641:
570:alkaline phosphatases
397:
186:point-of-care testing
31:
3572:Transfusion medicine
3524:Hematopoietic system
3312:Langhans giant cells
2635:Kleihauer–Betke test
2597:Exchange transfusion
2476:Platelet transfusion
2450:transfusion medicine
1788:10.11613/BM.2014.039
1364:www.encyclopedia.com
1138:The Physics Factbook
1097:Analytical Chemistry
853:Simulated body fluid
558:carboxyglutamic acid
544:anticoagulants like
400:hypercholesterolemia
19:For other uses, see
3287:Alveolar macrophage
2723:Blood group systems
2658:and adverse effects
2493:Fresh frozen plasma
2108:. New York: Quill.
1729:2019PLoSO..1417163J
1201:Archives of Surgery
1169:. WHO. April 2015.
1062:2015JMiMi..25h3001T
997:on November 1, 2013
931:Tuskegee University
824:Following fears of
793:fresh frozen plasma
482:
314:coagulation factors
306:serum total protein
263:extravascular fluid
204:Fresh frozen plasma
174:blood fractionation
72:extracellular fluid
3458:Intrinsic immunity
3322:Touton giant cells
1840:10.1007/BF01956868
1134:"Density of blood"
909:"Blood Components"
789:blood transfusions
777:
753:American Red Cross
734:United States Army
703:Plasma for Britain
652:
644:
481:
462:are often used in
404:
382:Sulfhemoglobinemia
68:intravascular part
37:
32:A unit of donated
3539:
3538:
3502:
3501:
3375:
3374:
3302:Epithelioid cells
3181:
3180:
3161:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3089:
3088:
2950:
2949:
2527:Blood substitutes
2515:White blood cells
2446:Blood transfusion
2343:"Focus on plasma"
2104:Starr DP (2000).
1952:10.1111/trf.13580
1195:Soffer D (2008).
935:"Chapter 9 Blood"
693:Blood for Britain
631:
630:
458:Blood plasma and
386:Methemoglobinemia
275:circulatory shock
3579:
3473:Precursor cells
3399:Promegakaryocyte
3265:
3264:
3192:
3191:
3117:Promegakaryocyte
3100:
3099:
3022:
3021:
3013:
3012:
2998:
2997:
2977:
2970:
2963:
2954:
2953:
2640:Antibody elution
2587:plateletpheresis
2553:Blood management
2536:General concepts
2439:
2432:
2425:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2409:
2399:
2389:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2322:
2311:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2139:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2071:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2013:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1990:. January 2015.
1980:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1913:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1823:
1810:
1809:
1799:
1776:Biochemia Medica
1767:
1761:
1760:
1750:
1740:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1685:
1668:
1667:
1657:
1647:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1606:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1565:
1555:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1502:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1395:News-Medical.net
1386:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1313:
1304:(6): 1545–1551.
1289:
1283:
1282:
1272:
1262:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1175:
1168:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1112:
1103:(9): 6194–6199.
1088:
1082:
1081:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1026:
1016:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1002:
993:. Archived from
983:
977:
976:
974:
972:
949:
943:
942:
933:(May 29, 2013).
927:
921:
920:
919:on June 5, 2013.
915:. Archived from
904:
664:
661:
483:
480:
251:
234:
148:
147:
146:
137:
130:
129:
128:
119:
118:
117:
108:
107:
106:
92:clotting factors
3587:
3586:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3535:
3498:
3462:
3441:Immune response
3436:
3414:Red blood cells
3408:
3371:
3348:Langerhans cell
3343:Dendritic cells
3328:
3254:
3177:
3153:
3137:Proerythroblast
3123:
3085:
3069:Monocytopoiesis
3060:
3004:
2987:
2981:
2951:
2946:
2741:Secretor status
2717:
2657:
2649:
2606:
2567:
2531:
2508:Cryosupernatant
2503:Cryoprecipitate
2483:Red blood cells
2452:
2443:
2413:
2366:
2362:
2352:
2350:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2309:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2290:
2288:
2273:
2269:
2259:
2257:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2229:
2227:
2212:
2208:
2198:
2196:
2185:
2181:
2171:
2169:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2148:
2127:
2123:
2116:
2102:
2098:
2088:
2086:
2073:
2072:
2065:
2055:
2053:
2051:Blood Cancer UK
2045:
2044:
2040:
2030:
2028:
2015:
2014:
2007:
1997:
1995:
1982:
1981:
1974:
1964:
1962:
1946:(S2): S128–39.
1931:
1927:
1902:10.1002/cpmo.61
1882:
1878:
1867:
1863:
1824:
1813:
1768:
1764:
1723:(5): e0217163.
1709:
1705:
1687:
1686:
1671:
1624:
1620:
1583:
1579:
1532:
1528:
1518:
1516:
1479:
1475:
1465:
1463:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1435:
1433:
1418:
1414:
1404:
1402:
1387:
1383:
1373:
1371:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1343:
1341:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1290:
1286:
1239:
1235:
1225:
1223:
1207:(10): 983–989.
1193:
1189:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1147:
1145:
1130:
1126:
1089:
1085:
1046:
1042:
1035:
1017:
1010:
1000:
998:
985:
984:
980:
970:
968:
950:
946:
928:
924:
913:Palomar College
905:
901:
897:
865:
850:
822:
791:, typically as
785:blood donations
769:
767:Plasma donation
715:distilled water
695:
683:
662:
636:
562:enzyme activity
518:
456:
392:
378:
370:
364:
355:
349:
337:
331:
326:
324:Plasma proteins
310:blood viscosity
267:Starling forces
259:
258:
257:
256:
255:
252:
243:
242:
241:
235:
224:
176:, by adding an
145:
143:
142:
141:
139:
136:
132:
127:
125:
124:
123:
121:
116:
114:
113:
112:
110:
105:
103:
102:
101:
99:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3585:
3575:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3557:Blood products
3554:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3521:
3516:
3510:
3508:
3504:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3470:
3468:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3418:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3394:Megakaryoblast
3391:
3385:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3357:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3336:
3334:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3273:
3271:
3262:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3200:
3198:
3189:
3187:Myeloid tissue
3183:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3132:Erythropoiesis
3128:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3112:Megakaryoblast
3107:Thrombopoiesis
3103:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3029:Granulopoiesis
3025:
3019:
3010:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2980:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2957:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2733:
2727:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2708:Serum sickness
2705:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2661:
2659:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2623:Cross-matching
2614:
2612:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2583:plasmapheresis
2575:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2548:Blood donation
2545:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2485:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2468:
2462:
2460:
2458:Blood products
2454:
2453:
2442:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2419:
2412:
2411:
2360:
2334:
2316:. March 2019.
2298:
2267:
2237:
2206:
2179:
2153:
2146:
2121:
2114:
2096:
2063:
2038:
2005:
1972:
1925:
1876:
1861:
1834:(5): 185–188.
1811:
1782:(3): 368–375.
1762:
1703:
1669:
1618:
1597:(1): 125–129.
1577:
1526:
1493:(4): 764–765.
1487:Anesthesiology
1473:
1443:
1412:
1381:
1351:
1325:
1284:
1247:Intensive Care
1233:
1187:
1155:
1124:
1083:
1040:
1033:
1008:
978:
944:
922:
898:
896:
893:
892:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
864:
861:
849:
846:
821:
820:United Kingdom
818:
783:prepared from
768:
765:
694:
691:
687:plasmapheresis
682:
679:
656:de Motu Cordis
635:
632:
629:
628:
625:
622:
621:
618:
590:
589:
586:
578:
577:
516:
511:anticoagulants
507:
491:
490:
487:
476:flow cytometry
455:
452:
428:sulfhemoglobin
390:Hyperlipidemia
377:
374:
366:Main article:
363:
360:
351:Main article:
348:
345:
333:Main article:
330:
327:
325:
322:
271:blood pressure
253:
246:
245:
244:
236:
229:
228:
227:
226:
225:
223:
220:
216:trauma centers
198:Plasmapheresis
155:carbon dioxide
144:
134:
126:
115:
104:
76:serum albumins
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3584:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3495:
3494:Myelomonocyte
3492:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3465:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3439:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3404:Megakaryocyte
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3378:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3358:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3331:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3282:Kupffer cells
3280:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3241:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3063:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3049:Metamyelocyte
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3003:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2993:Hematopoiesis
2990:
2986:
2978:
2973:
2971:
2966:
2964:
2959:
2958:
2955:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2758:Chido-Rodgers
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2591:leukapheresis
2588:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2528:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2440:
2435:
2433:
2428:
2426:
2421:
2420:
2417:
2407:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2364:
2348:
2344:
2338:
2319:
2315:
2308:
2302:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2271:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2210:
2194:
2190:
2183:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2149:
2147:9780385411172
2143:
2138:
2137:
2131:
2125:
2117:
2115:0-688-17649-6
2111:
2107:
2100:
2084:
2080:
2079:achh.army.mil
2076:
2070:
2068:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2010:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1977:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
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1917:
1912:
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1872:
1869:Wintrobe MM.
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1456:Basic Biology
1453:
1452:"Blood cells"
1447:
1431:
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1034:0-13-981176-1
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1024:
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859:application.
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806:
802:
798:
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781:blood product
773:
764:
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758:
757:Serum albumin
754:
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739:
735:
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727:
724:
719:
716:
710:
708:
704:
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676:
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626:
624:
623:
619:
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612:
608:
604:
600:
599:blood glucose
596:
592:
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587:
584:
580:
579:
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563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
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512:
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492:
488:
485:
484:
479:
477:
474:in blood via
473:
469:
465:
461:
451:
449:
448:triglycerides
445:
441:
440:methemoglobin
437:
433:
429:
425:
424:ceruloplasmin
421:
417:
413:
409:
401:
396:
391:
387:
383:
373:
369:
359:
354:
344:
342:
336:
335:Serum albumin
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
286:
284:
283:third spacing
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
250:
239:
233:
219:
217:
213:
212:health system
209:
205:
201:
199:
195:
191:
190:agglutination
187:
183:
179:
178:anticoagulant
175:
170:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
35:
30:
26:
22:
3518:
3453:Phagocytosis
3422:Reticulocyte
3196:Granulocytes
3147:Reticulocyte
3039:Promyelocyte
3002:Myelopoiesis
2984:
2487:
2377:
2373:
2363:
2351:. Retrieved
2337:
2325:. Retrieved
2313:
2301:
2289:. Retrieved
2281:The Guardian
2280:
2270:
2258:. Retrieved
2250:The Guardian
2249:
2240:
2228:. Retrieved
2219:
2209:
2197:. Retrieved
2191:. Medscape.
2182:
2170:. Retrieved
2156:
2135:
2130:Hirsch Jr ED
2124:
2105:
2099:
2087:. Retrieved
2078:
2054:. Retrieved
2050:
2041:
2029:. Retrieved
2020:
1996:. Retrieved
1987:
1963:. Retrieved
1943:
1939:
1928:
1893:
1889:
1879:
1870:
1864:
1831:
1827:
1779:
1775:
1765:
1720:
1716:
1706:
1689:
1638:(2): 78–79.
1635:
1631:
1621:
1594:
1590:
1580:
1543:
1539:
1529:
1517:. Retrieved
1490:
1486:
1476:
1464:. Retrieved
1455:
1446:
1436:November 29,
1434:. Retrieved
1428:. OpenStax.
1425:
1415:
1405:November 29,
1403:. Retrieved
1394:
1384:
1374:November 29,
1372:. Retrieved
1363:
1354:
1342:. Retrieved
1328:
1301:
1298:Hypertension
1297:
1287:
1250:
1246:
1236:
1224:. Retrieved
1204:
1200:
1190:
1178:. Retrieved
1158:
1146:. Retrieved
1137:
1127:
1100:
1096:
1086:
1053:
1049:
1043:
1022:
1001:November 10,
999:. Retrieved
995:the original
990:
981:
969:. Retrieved
957:
947:
939:the original
925:
917:the original
902:
851:
842:
838:Bain Capital
823:
779:Plasma as a
778:
750:
720:
711:
699:Charles Drew
696:
686:
684:
671:World War II
667:
655:
653:
568:ions, which
457:
432:sulfonamides
405:
371:
356:
338:
316:, it causes
298:plasma shift
297:
287:
279:interstitium
260:
202:
171:
96:electrolytes
40:Blood plasma
39:
38:
34:fresh plasma
25:
3562:Body fluids
3307:giant cells
3297:Osteoclasts
3277:Histiocytes
3269:Macrophages
3079:Promonocyte
2731:Blood types
2630:Coombs test
2466:Whole blood
2374:Biomimetics
2089:December 9,
2056:January 24,
1988:grifols.com
1965:January 23,
1940:Transfusion
1698:10665/65957
1226:January 23,
1148:January 23,
991:BloodBanker
971:January 23,
787:is used in
677:were used.
675:whole blood
663: 1770
500:centrifuged
472:blood cells
468:whole blood
464:blood tests
460:blood serum
444:cholesterol
438:, in which
420:transferrin
412:carotenoids
194:Blood serum
60:whole blood
52:blood cells
42:is a light
3567:Hematology
3546:Categories
3231:Eosinophil
3214:Neutrophil
3204:Myeloblast
3142:Normoblast
3034:Myeloblast
2543:Blood bank
2353:January 7,
1896:(2): e61.
1546:(1): 1–2.
1253:(44): 44.
958:Europe PMC
895:References
879:Diag Human
761:Korean War
726:blood bank
611:phosphates
496:coagulated
416:hemoglobin
380:See also:
368:Fibrinogen
362:Fibrinogen
302:hematocrit
281:, causing
206:is on the
182:centrifuge
84:fibrinogen
64:suspension
3514:Phagocyte
3381:Platelets
3360:Monoblast
3292:Microglia
3260:Monocytes
3243:Mast cell
3209:Band cell
3074:Monoblast
3054:Band cell
3044:Myelocyte
2748:Augustine
2692:reaction
2690:Hemolytic
2579:Apheresis
2471:Platelets
2172:March 18,
2031:March 21,
1998:March 21,
1519:March 21,
1466:March 17,
1344:March 15,
1078:138153068
810:apheresis
723:Red Cross
707:test tube
607:potassium
603:platelets
574:cofactors
436:hemolysis
408:bilirubin
353:Globulins
347:Globulins
273:drops in
167:infection
149:, etc.),
80:globulins
50:in which
3487:CFU-GEMM
3248:CFU-Mast
3224:CFU-Baso
3219:Basophil
3007:CFU-GEMM
2873:Lutheran
2778:Dombrock
2563:ISBT 128
2406:33138246
2347:Archived
2327:June 24,
2318:Archived
2291:June 24,
2285:Archived
2260:June 24,
2254:Archived
2230:June 24,
2224:Archived
2193:Archived
2166:Archived
2132:(1991).
2083:Archived
2025:Archived
1992:Archived
1960:27100749
1920:30875463
1856:32330414
1806:25351355
1757:31116766
1717:PLOS ONE
1692:. 2002.
1664:25161342
1613:31639715
1572:31360002
1513:Archived
1509:18362615
1460:Archived
1458:. 2015.
1430:Archived
1399:Archived
1368:Archived
1338:Archived
1320:18413485
1279:37817235
1270:10565984
1221:18936378
1171:Archived
1142:Archived
1119:32323979
966:30285399
863:See also
805:antigens
583:proteins
572:need as
542:Chelator
538:aluminum
504:thrombin
341:albumins
329:Albumins
151:hormones
56:proteins
3389:CFU-Meg
3236:CFU-Eos
3166:General
2912:Scianna
2798:Gerbich
2701:delayed
2572:Methods
2397:7709622
2199:July 2,
1911:6771260
1848:3060834
1797:4210257
1748:6530858
1725:Bibcode
1655:4140067
1563:6580839
1180:May 10,
1058:Bibcode
744:of the
634:History
595:analyte
554:calcium
550:citrate
296:. This
163:osmotic
88:glucose
3519:Plasma
3477:CFU-GM
3353:CFU-DL
3017:CFU-GM
2985:plasma
2823:Indian
2768:Cromer
2763:Colton
2488:Plasma
2404:
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2144:
2112:
2075:"Home"
1958:
1918:
1908:
1854:
1846:
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1117:
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418:, and
388:, and
222:Volume
159:oxygen
82:, and
21:Plasma
3552:Blood
3507:Other
3467:Other
3432:CFU-E
3333:Other
2942:Other
2868:Lewis
2858:Knops
2838:KANNO
2783:Duffy
2773:Diego
2696:acute
2611:Tests
2321:(PDF)
2310:(PDF)
1852:S2CID
1174:(PDF)
1167:(PDF)
1074:S2CID
746:donor
556:(see
376:Color
48:blood
44:amber
2922:T-Tn
2907:RHAG
2905:and
2898:Raph
2893:P1PK
2853:Kidd
2843:Kell
2808:GLOB
2793:FORS
2753:CD59
2498:PF24
2448:and
2402:PMID
2355:2024
2329:2021
2293:2021
2262:2021
2232:2021
2201:2011
2174:2011
2142:ISBN
2110:ISBN
2091:2021
2058:2024
2033:2020
2000:2020
1967:2024
1956:PMID
1916:PMID
1844:PMID
1802:PMID
1753:PMID
1660:PMID
1609:PMID
1568:PMID
1521:2020
1505:PMID
1468:2020
1438:2021
1407:2021
1376:2021
1346:2021
1316:PMID
1275:PMID
1228:2024
1217:PMID
1182:2015
1150:2022
1115:PMID
1029:ISBN
1003:2011
973:2024
962:PMID
830:vCJD
742:race
738:Navy
736:and
613:and
601:and
566:zinc
548:and
546:EDTA
536:and
534:lead
528:and
446:and
3365:MPS
3095:MEP
2927:Vel
2917:Sid
2883:MNS
2863:Lan
2833:JMH
2803:GIL
2736:ABO
2392:PMC
2382:doi
1948:doi
1906:PMC
1898:doi
1836:doi
1792:PMC
1784:doi
1743:PMC
1733:doi
1694:hdl
1650:PMC
1640:doi
1599:doi
1558:PMC
1548:doi
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1306:doi
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1066:doi
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