936:(public service announcements from the Mexican government, which include campaign ads during elections) per-day, and give station identification in Spanish. This is usually done softly or during commercial breaks so the listeners on the American side won't usually notice it. The PSA requirement has produced controversy even amongst officials in Mexico, for reasons including reinforcing negative perceptions of the country, taking up airtime that could be used to promote cross-border tourism and interactions instead, and their poor quality.
301:
919:
supplanted by FM signals just over the border and able to reach major
American cities like San Diego or El Paso with city-grade signals. During those decades border radio was used by preachers who solicited donations, and advertisers who sold products of dubious value. The American side leases the station from the Mexican station owners/license holders and feeds programming from their American studios to the Mexican transmitters via satellite.
138:
1299:, signed on in 1951 as Mexico's third television station on air, the first outside Mexico City and the first TV border blaster. It held affiliations with all major American networks, though its primary connection was with CBS. It was the only station in the area until 1953; weakened by economic conditions, new stations in the US and the deterioration and destruction of its physical plant, the station was gone by the middle of 1954.
43:
84:
1180:: In September 1935 Brinkley gained a new license for Villa Acuña from the Government of Mexico with new call letters of XERA. His new operating company was Cía Mexicana Radiodifusora Fronteriza and the station came on the air from the same location as the old XER but with a directional antenna. His new transmitter power was 500 kW, but with his new antenna he claimed an output of 1MW. XERA called itself "
240:
1345:: The first radio station in Mexico to be considered a border-blaster. XED was originally located at Reynosa, Tamaulipas, and was under the advertising sales management of the International Broadcasting Company. Located across the Rio Grande from McAllen, Texas, the station broadcast with a power of 10 kilowatts that was the most powerful transmitter in Mexico at that time.
1328:, as was itself forced off the air in 1931. Brochures for the clinic urged patients to "phone 666 upon arrival in Laredo," attracting many complaints to the American Medical Association as invoked reference to Revelation 13:18, citing 666 as the Mark of the Beast. When the original XENT was dismantled, the callsign was assigned to a new and unrelated station at
945:
1858:"Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the United Mexican States Relating to the FM Broadcasting Services in the Band 88–108 MHz", dated August 11, 1992. This agreement implies the existence of an earlier agreement, dated November 9, 1972. (Article 10)
918:
As was the case between the 1930s and the 1970s, some border blaster stations in areas near larger
American border cities such as San Diego are leased out by American broadcasting companies and air English-language programming targeting American audiences, although the AM stations have sometimes been
715:
on
Canadian-based stations, made it difficult for CKLW to continue to compete for listeners with Detroit-based, US-licensed FM music stations, which offered clean stereo sound and faced no program content or music playlist restrictions. CKLW abandoned the Top 40 format and its efforts to compete in
1204:
and sales presentations between 1962 and 1964. This station came on the air long after the era of both XERA and
Brinkley, but it initially used his old facilities although the powerful transmitter of XERA had been dismantled and shipped elsewhere. The station later moved to a new building where a
413:
With broadcasting signals far more powerful than those of U.S. stations, the
Mexican border blasters could be heard over large areas of the U.S. from the 1940s to the 1970s, often to the great irritation of American radio stations, whose signals could be overpowered by their Mexican counterparts.
620:
Signals of many US and Canada radio stations (and to a lesser extent television outlets) encroach on neighboring territory. Such stations are usually not deemed "border blasters," as their programming is not primarily targeted at listeners and viewers across the border. US and
Canadian stations
611:
The
British government created countermeasures after World War II: the state-owned telephone monopoly prevented studios in Britain from linking by telephone to the transmitters of Radio Luxembourg. These restrictions were mostly lifted following the privatisation and demonopolisation of the UK
473:
used a border blaster in his successful campaign for governor of Texas. The US, unlike the UK, has never required a license to listen to broadcast radio or television. The only restriction placed upon border-blasters was a law which prohibited studios in the US from linking by telephone to
560:. (Coincidentally, a large percent of the Republic of Ireland could receive spillover from Northern Ireland, Wales and the west of England BBC TV and radio broadcasts for decades.) Listening to the broadcasts was technically a violation of UK radio-license laws of the day. The same "
1049:. From the station's launch in 1953 to 2017, programming and sales rights were managed by Bay City Television, Inc. (a California-based corporation). Afterwards, it converted to a Canal 5 relay, with signal remained to cover the Spanish community on the American side of the border.
621:
adhere to comparable maximum power levels, and the encroachment is regarded as unintentional and largely unavoidable. However, in areas where a US radio station is close to a significantly larger
Canadian metropolitan area (or vice versa), true border blasters do exist.
555:
because the Sunday broadcast was reserved for
British listeners (deliberately coinciding with the BBC Sundays of religious programmes). The broadcasts were considered illegal on British soil as these stations were breaking the monopoly of the non-commercial
644:. To improve reception of the station within its target market, KRPI applied and received an FCC construction permit to increase its nighttime power from 10 to 50 kilowatts, change the community it served and move its transmitter from Ferndale to
914:
Most border blaster stations today program
Spanish-language programming targeted at the Mexican side of the border. Some of the Spanish language border blasters target the growing Latino audience living in the southwestern US. Some target both.
1722:
1263:.) From the late 1960s through the early 1980s, XEG was known for its nighttime Black/R&B/Disco music programming block, transcribed from KGFJ, Los Angeles. XEG ran a huge 150kW signal at night, with 50kW daytime, on 1050 kHz.
823:
requirements to prevent losing revenue to these American border-blasters (this forced KCND's owners to sell the station to Canadian interests, who transformed the station into modern-day Winnipeg, Manitoba-based
730:
holds an ownership stake in its U.S.-based licensee. Numerous stations in northern New York target larger cities in Ontario and Quebec in addition to their local areas of New York, including (but not limited to)
774:
Attempts at border-blasting were somewhat more common on the other side of the border, where smaller markets in the United States could find lucrative larger markets in Canada within their broadcast range.
1607:
1158:
as the Villa Acuña Broadcasting Company. It first signed on August 18, 1932 with a 50 kW transmitter and claimed 75 kW ERP via an omnidirectional antenna. The engineering was by Will Branch of
833:
1714:
453:
stations which broadcast illegally, border blasters are generally licensed by the government upon whose soil they are located. Pirate radio stations are freebooters from offshore, outside the
803:; Pembina was a small border town of less than 1,000 residents, which normally would be far too small a market to support a television station, but spent its fifteen-year existence targeting
425:
On November 9, 1972, in Washington, D.C., the United States and Mexico signed an "Agreement Concerning Frequency Modulation Broadcasting in the 87.5 to 108 MHz Band". Since then, in the
707:), it functioned essentially as a Detroit-market station during the 1960s and 1970s. Its Motown-flavored personality Top 40 format made it one of the most highly rated stations in the
675:
licence (i.e., protection of the entire Mexican border nights and protection of co-channel Canadian stations days and nights), CKLW's 50,000-watt directional signal blanketed much of
1794:
1190:
magazine claimed that it could be heard in New York City. Following the signing of various treaties, the Government of Mexico revoked the license of XERA in the closing days of 1939.
1630:
716:
the Detroit market in the 1980s. Today it is a news/talk station aimed largely at an Ontario audience, though still containing a significant amount of American syndicated talk.
1657:
648:, a community adjacent to the Canada–US border. The move has attracted much criticism from the local citizens of Point Roberts and the adjacent densely populated community of
486:. The Brinkley Act remains on the books in the US, but licenses under that act are now routinely granted as long as the station follows applicable US and Mexican regulations.
433:
border blasters still exist, though they are largely ignored due to the decline of AM radio in the U.S. and in Mexico. There are several such stations licensed by Mexico's
461:
broadcasters, which operate on frequencies expressly designated for international broadcasts, whereas border blasters use frequencies designated for domestic broadcasts.
768:
434:
1599:
671:. Originally licensed as a Class II-B (now Class B) station and always operating in full compliance with the technical specifications and operating rules of its
1683:
791:
reduced the maximum allowed power for that band to 80,000 watts. (WIVB did not make significant attempts to reach the Canadian market, although rival station
1549:
1397:
860:
holding the station's license and claiming himself as "operations manager" even as he seldom appears at the station's nominal U.S. studio in person.
457:
of the nation they target, or ones that are illegally operating in defiance of national law within its sovereign territory. They also contrast with
1884:
1501:
836:
in 1977, competed mainly by focusing on its unique brand of local news, which could not be simsubbed). Also in Western New York, radio station
779:, prior to the digital television transition, could be seen as a U.S. border blaster into Canada (as Western New York is a smaller market than
311:
386:, is, in practice, used to target another country. The term "border blaster" is of North American origin, and usually associated with Mexican
1392:
1786:
672:
1634:
711:. The decline of AM radio as a music source in the 1970s, combined with new Canadian government rules imposing domestic ownership of and
1320:
invented by Baker) promoted a cancer-cure clinic of Baker's, essentially continuing his former station KTNT ("Know The Naked Truth") of
1661:
469:
In Mexico and the US, while the federal government of the US did not particularly like them, the stations were allowed to flourish.
1387:
1748:
1836:
1832:
1474:
202:
174:
1174:. It was shut down by the Mexican authorities on February 24, 1933 and the Villa Acuña Broadcasting Company was dissolved.
1879:
848:
covering Southern Ontario but very little American territory, and is brokered to a Canadian ethnic broadcaster based in
1580:
398:. Conceptually similar European broadcasting included some pre-World War II broadcasting towards the United Kingdom, "
181:
1853:
1822:
1718:
1532:
788:
363:
345:
282:
221:
119:
70:
1690:
1894:
880:
722:
is another example of a border blaster, broadcasting from a transmitter in New York State and serving the adjacent
94:
1899:
902:
broadcasts its religious programming on a 50,000-watt clear-channel directional signal pointed due west from the
857:
383:
264:
155:
56:
687:
days and nights, and south to Toledo, Lima and Dayton in the daytime. American-owned until 1970 as part of the
188:
1889:
1439:
260:
Needs more info on US-to-Mexico, Canada-to-US, and US-to-Canada border blasters, as well as TV border blasters.
159:
27:
1557:
1715:"FCC Form 323 (Ownership Report for Commercial Broadcast Stations) for Border International Broadcasting Inc"
1434:
1467:
Border Radio: Quacks, Yodelers, Pitchmen, Psychics, and Other Amazing Broadcasters of the American Airwaves
649:
170:
1491:
1329:
1769:
876:
633:
540:
820:
645:
569:
255:
429:
power levels and frequency assignments have been set by mutual agreement between the two countries.
1874:
834:
unsuccessfully suing to bar the CRTC from enforcing it on systems that only operate in one province
438:
327:
1296:
923:
879:
for many years. In fact, KVOS' inaugural broadcast, in June of 1953, was a kinescope film of the
511:
148:
568:
from the 1930s until the legalization of private broadcasting in the early 1980s, which allowed
1417:
868:
832:
entered into a famous cross-border scheduling feud over the simsub problems, while WKBW, after
1257:, who also came to represent XERB near Tijuana/Rosarito (the station made famous in the movie
812:
800:
727:
195:
1316:
from 1933 until forced off the air in 1940; "The Calliaphone Station" (for an air-operated
1147:
841:
787:); it operated with 100,000 watts of power on the VHF low band (channel 4), even after the
637:
629:
506:
1143:
8:
1292:
845:
808:
736:
323:
62:
20:
1859:
319:
101:
1496:
1186:
1125:- Broadcasts in the English language with a Top 40/CHR format targeted to listeners in
771:
regulations, Canadian radio stations must be operated from studios within the country.
470:
454:
1849:
1828:
1818:
1528:
1470:
1259:
976:
752:
723:
589:
403:
250:
1744:
632:. It is owned by BBC Broadcasting, Inc., a Washington state company with studios in
1422:
1352:
1317:
1151:
928:
903:
895:
780:
712:
664:
561:
479:
399:
1745:"CKEY-FM Fort Erie and its transmitter CKEY-FM-1 St. Catharines - Licence renewal"
1445:
1382:
1321:
1313:
1250:
807:, a much larger city sixty miles north of Pembina. Likewise, the small market of
641:
458:
430:
1827:"Una radio entre dos reinos", by José Luis Ortiz Garza, Mexico, Ed. Ruz, 2010.
1126:
944:
884:
700:
548:
520:
441:
similar to those of major licensed commercial stations located within the U.S.
1868:
1848:, by Gilder, Eric. – "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu Press, Romania. 2003
1270:
1055:: programming originates in San Diego but is sent to a transmitter in Tijuana
1024:: Broadcasts with an English top 40 format targeted exclusively at San Diego.
853:
708:
704:
577:
516:
391:
1412:
1377:
1197:
981:
971:
544:
528:
524:
475:
450:
419:
407:
422:: Mexico assigns callsigns beginning with XE or XH to broadcast stations.
1249:: In 1950 the advertising time of this station came under the control of
1226:
was sister station to XER/XERA, and was also controlled by John Brinkley.
1201:
1167:
985:
849:
696:
688:
659:
Another possible exception to that general rule on the Canadian side was
490:
1840:
1210:
1159:
653:
573:
608:, to begin legally broadcasting signals across international borders.
1163:
1027:
926:
at midnight and 6 a.m. daily, the government-produced radio magazine
899:
872:
756:
684:
636:. The station airs a mixture of music, news and talk focused on the
581:
502:
494:
31:
137:
1402:
1229:
1112:
1087:
1052:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1021:
1001:
995:
963:
922:
Due to Mexican government regulations, these stations must air the
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804:
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597:
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1348:
1309:
1288:
1254:
1223:
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1097:
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1032:
1016:
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989:
967:
864:
829:
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792:
784:
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840:
is licensed to the northwesternmost municipality in the region (
1342:
1266:
1246:
1155:
1102:
1092:
795:
did.) Another famous U.S.-based border blaster into Canada was
593:
565:
498:
493:
inspired by the border blaster stations is extensive: the 1971
395:
394:, and United States border AM stations covering large parts of
1846:
Mass Media Moments in the United Kingdom, the USSR and the USA
1581:"Ireland Television - Irish TV is well on its way to digital"
1407:
474:
border-blaster transmitters in Mexico. This law, part of the
1351:: Another station that came under the management control of
93:
may be in need of reorganization to comply with Knowledge's
1774:
On the Border: Portraits of America’s Southwestern Frontier
1325:
1269:, nicknamed La T Grande, went on the air in 1930, made the
888:
837:
760:
748:
744:
740:
732:
719:
680:
660:
625:
852:; it maintains its U.S. license and transmitter site as a
1435:
Dedication of the Wolfman Jack Memorial in Del Rio, Texas
1206:
1146:: "Sunshine Station between the Nations" broadcasting on
557:
539:
A similar situation developed in Europe, beginning with
1597:
939:
906:, one of the westernmost land masses in North America.
402:" around France and the U.S. government-funded station
382:
is a broadcast station that, though not licensed as an
1213:
transmitter has not been operational for many decades.
1787:"Public-service spots have radio listeners wondering"
1684:"Letters and Comments from Ferndale Residents to FCC"
1547:
1150:
at 735kHz. This was the original station licensed to
1550:"The digital switchover and RTE in Northern Ireland"
1527:(Pbk. ed.). London: P. Peregrinus. p. 46.
1464:
1813:"Border Radio" by Fowler, Gene and Crawford, Bill.
691:chain (along with such other top 40 powerhouses as
162:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
16:
Radio broadcast station targeting a foreign country
1398:List of international religious radio broadcasters
1860:Link to Texts of Broadcast Agreements with Mexico
1291:: This station, owned in a joint venture between
988:. He moved to this station following his work on
564:" , or "peripheral radio", phenomenon existed in
1866:
1448:, conducted by broadcast engineer Donald Mussell
1446:Investigation of radio operations in Tijuana, BC
497:song "The WASP (Texas Radio and the Big Beat)",
435:Secretariat of Communications and Transportation
966:: This is the radio station, formerly known as
883:, which was broadcast over KVOS as Vancouver's
390:whose broadcast areas cover large parts of the
1182:the world's most powerful broadcasting station
104:to make improvements to the overall structure.
1393:List of international television broadcasters
308:The examples and perspective in this article
1658:"Radio towers spark high wattage opposition"
815:, found it could reach a larger audience in
1631:"Heavy static greets radio towers proposal"
615:
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1578:
1469:. University of Texas Press. p. 181.
406:, targeting European countries behind the
1655:
1628:
998:: This is the FM counterpart to XEPRS-AM.
364:Learn how and when to remove this message
346:Learn how and when to remove this message
283:Learn how and when to remove this message
222:Learn how and when to remove this message
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1707:
1440:Official Ciudad Acuña municipal website
1388:List of international radio broadcasters
943:
894:At least one border blaster targets the
551:government identified these stations as
482:'s fraudulent medical advice program on
414:These are also sometimes referred to as
1885:United States communications regulation
783:, which boasts the major world city of
1867:
1610:from the original on November 23, 2015
1489:
505:" (1975), "The Wolfman of Del Rio" by
1525:History of international broadcasting
1504:from the original on October 23, 2009
1465:Fowler, Gene; Crawford, Bill (2002).
957:
624:An exception to that general rule is
1751:from the original on October 1, 2012
1660:. All Point Bulletin. Archived from
1633:. All Point Bulletin. Archived from
1522:
1483:
1209:main transmitter was installed. The
940:Geographical list of border blasters
932:on Sunday nights, and 48 minutes of
294:
233:
160:adding citations to reliable sources
131:
77:
36:
26:"X station" redirects here. For the
1196:: from 1947. The station that made
13:
1797:from the original on July 17, 2020
1725:from the original on March 8, 2021
952:
14:
1911:
1719:Federal Communications Commission
1428:
1217:
789:Federal Communications Commission
652:, because it would cause harmful
464:
52:This article has multiple issues.
1081:
881:Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II
478:, was introduced in the wake of
299:
238:
136:
82:
41:
1779:
1763:
1737:
1303:
1137:
147:needs additional citations for
60:or discuss these issues on the
1676:
1649:
1622:
1591:
1572:
1541:
1516:
1490:Rohter, Larry (May 24, 1987).
1458:
1273:music well known in the 1930s.
909:
713:minimum domestic music content
1:
1656:Pat Grubb (August 22, 2013).
1629:Pat Grubb (August 30, 2013).
1598:FCC Internet Services Staff.
1452:
1277:
1235:
819:. Canadian regulators put in
444:
1579:Lucy Rouse (June 10, 2008).
1282:
1240:
1076:
948:Map of border blaster cities
650:Tsawwassen, British Columbia
7:
1548:Centre for Media Research.
1492:"Border Music's Long Reach"
1371:
1330:La Paz, Baja California Sur
1132:
437:using transmitters with an
322:, discuss the issue on the
258:. The specific problem is:
10:
1916:
1880:Radio in the United States
1747:. CRTC. January 31, 2005.
1600:"Legal Action Information"
1359:
1336:
1064:
871:, targeted an audience in
856:, with ethnic broadcaster
634:Richmond, British Columbia
25:
18:
1059:
821:simultaneous substitution
534:
1172:Fort Worth Star-Telegram
1045:: Owned and operated by
667:, across the river from
616:Northern U.S. and Canada
439:effective radiated power
1895:International relations
1791:San Diego Union-Tribune
924:Mexican national anthem
512:Lubbock (On Everything)
1900:Broadcast transmitters
949:
891:, had yet to sign on.
869:Bellingham, Washington
1890:Broadcast engineering
1355:. (See XER and XERA.)
1200:world famous for his
947:
828:; Burlington station
813:Plattsburgh, New York
801:Pembina, North Dakota
728:Rogers Communications
726:, area; its operator
1721:. October 28, 2011.
1560:on February 15, 2016
1554:University of Ulster
1523:Wood, James (1994).
767:. By contrast under
630:Ferndale, Washington
328:create a new article
320:improve this article
310:may not represent a
265:improve this article
254:to meet Knowledge's
156:improve this article
1815:Texas Monthly Press
1696:on October 18, 2014
1664:on October 19, 2014
1637:on November 5, 2013
1162:who had engineered
844:), operates with a
809:Burlington, Vermont
102:editing the article
21:The Border Blasters
1793:. March 12, 2012.
1497:The New York Times
970:, featured in the
958:Tijuana / Rosarito
950:
846:directional signal
612:telephone system.
562:radio périphérique
509:on his 1979 album
455:territorial waters
400:radio périphérique
19:For the band, see
1833:978-607-7617-16-7
1476:978-0-292-72535-5
1260:American Graffiti
977:American Graffiti
934:tiempos oficiales
724:Kingston, Ontario
590:Radio Monte Carlo
527:" movie theme by
503:Heard It on the X
404:Radio Free Europe
374:
373:
366:
356:
355:
348:
330:, as appropriate.
293:
292:
285:
256:quality standards
247:This article may
232:
231:
224:
206:
130:
129:
122:
95:layout guidelines
75:
30:synthesizer, see
1907:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1783:
1777:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1695:
1689:. Archived from
1688:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1556:. Archived from
1545:
1539:
1538:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1462:
1423:Signal overspill
1353:John R. Brinkley
1297:Emilio Azcárraga
1293:Romulo O'Farrill
1211:RCA "Ampliphase"
1152:John R. Brinkley
929:La Hora Nacional
904:Seward Peninsula
896:Russian Far East
781:Southern Ontario
665:Windsor, Ontario
570:Radio Luxembourg
541:Radio Luxembourg
480:John R. Brinkley
384:external service
369:
362:
351:
344:
340:
337:
331:
303:
302:
295:
288:
281:
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171:"Border blaster"
164:
140:
132:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
86:
85:
78:
67:
45:
44:
37:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1875:Radio in Mexico
1865:
1864:
1817:, Austin. 1987
1810:
1800:
1798:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1768:
1764:
1754:
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1596:
1592:
1585:mediaweek.co.uk
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1573:
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1535:
1521:
1517:
1507:
1505:
1488:
1484:
1477:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1431:
1383:City of license
1374:
1362:
1339:
1314:Norman G. Baker
1306:
1285:
1280:
1251:Harold Schwartz
1243:
1238:
1220:
1170:, owner of the
1140:
1135:
1084:
1079:
1067:
1062:
960:
955:
953:Baja California
942:
912:
642:Metro Vancouver
640:communities in
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173: –
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167:Find sources:
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145:This article
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110:November 2012
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1799:. Retrieved
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1776:, pp. 76–87.
1773:
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1753:. Retrieved
1739:
1727:. Retrieved
1709:
1698:. Retrieved
1691:the original
1678:
1666:. Retrieved
1662:the original
1651:
1639:. Retrieved
1635:the original
1624:
1614:November 23,
1612:. Retrieved
1603:
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1562:. Retrieved
1558:the original
1553:
1543:
1524:
1518:
1506:. Retrieved
1495:
1485:
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1460:
1413:Pirate radio
1378:Atlantic 252
1304:Nuevo Laredo
1258:
1198:Wolfman Jack
1185:
1181:
1171:
1138:Ciudad Acuña
982:Wolfman Jack
975:
972:George Lucas
933:
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773:
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658:
623:
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552:
545:World War II
538:
529:The Blasters
525:Border Radio
510:
488:
476:Brinkley Act
468:
451:pirate radio
448:
424:
420:call letters
415:
412:
408:Iron Curtain
379:
377:
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342:
336:October 2021
333:
309:
279:
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263:Please help
259:
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185:
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154:Please help
149:verification
146:
116:
107:
92:
68:
61:
55:
54:Please help
51:
1801:February 9,
1755:October 31,
1564:February 3,
1508:January 10,
1202:disc jockey
1168:Amon Carter
986:disc jockey
910:Programming
858:Sima Birach
850:Mississauga
697:Los Angeles
689:RKO General
638:South Asian
628:located in
507:Terry Allen
491:pop culture
388:AM stations
267:if you can.
1869:Categories
1841:B0043RSC7Y
1770:Tom Miller
1700:2013-09-09
1453:References
1278:Tamaulipas
1236:Nuevo León
1160:Fort Worth
842:Youngstown
763:targeting
751:targeting
737:Brockville
735:targeting
654:blanketing
574:Luxembourg
515:, 1983's "
445:Background
418:for their
416:X stations
273:April 2018
182:newspapers
57:improve it
1322:Muscatine
1283:Matamoros
1241:Monterrey
1077:Chihuahua
1028:XHMORE-FM
980:starring
887:station,
873:Vancouver
685:Cleveland
582:Sud Radio
501:'s song "
324:talk page
63:talk page
32:X-Station
1795:Archived
1749:Archived
1729:June 19,
1723:Archived
1668:April 8,
1641:April 8,
1608:Archived
1502:Archived
1403:LM Radio
1372:See also
1318:calliope
1133:Coahuila
1113:XHUAR-FM
1088:XEROK-AM
1053:XHAS-TDT
1047:Televisa
1043:XETV-TDT
1038:XHRST-FM
1022:XHITZ-FM
1007:XETRA-AM
1002:XETRA-FM
996:XHPRS-FM
964:XEPRS-AM
877:Victoria
817:Montreal
805:Winnipeg
765:Montreal
753:Cornwall
683:east to
677:Michigan
602:Saarland
598:Europe 1
431:AM radio
318:You may
249:require
28:Novation
1604:fcc.gov
1418:Rimshot
1366:XEFW-AM
1360:Tampico
1349:XEAW-AM
1337:Reynosa
1310:XENT-AM
1289:XELD-TV
1255:Chicago
1230:XELO-AM
1224:XEPN-AM
1194:XERF-AM
1187:Variety
1123:XHTO-FM
1118:XHNZ-FM
1108:XHPX-FM
1098:XHGU-FM
1071:XELO-AM
1065:Nogales
1033:XHRM-FM
1017:XELO-AM
1012:XEAK-AM
984:as the
865:KVOS-TV
830:WFFF-TV
826:CKND-TV
797:KCND-TV
793:WKBW-TV
785:Toronto
777:WIVB-TV
669:Detroit
606:Germany
586:Andorra
553:pirates
549:British
427:FM band
251:cleanup
196:scholar
1852:
1839:
1831:
1821:
1531:
1473:
1343:XED-AM
1267:XET-AM
1247:XEG-AM
1205:250kW
1184:" and
1156:Mexico
1103:XHH-FM
1093:XEJ-AM
1060:Sonora
974:movie
811:, and
755:; and
596:, and
594:Monaco
566:France
547:. The
543:after
535:Europe
499:ZZ Top
396:Canada
198:
191:
184:
177:
169:
1694:(PDF)
1687:(PDF)
1408:MW DX
600:from
592:from
584:from
572:from
519:" by
495:Doors
326:, or
203:JSTOR
189:books
1850:ISBN
1837:ASIN
1829:ISBN
1819:ISBN
1803:2020
1757:2021
1731:2013
1670:2016
1643:2016
1616:2015
1566:2016
1529:ISBN
1510:2011
1471:ISBN
1326:Iowa
1295:and
1178:XERA
1166:for
1164:WBAP
990:XERF
968:XERB
900:KICY
889:CBUT
875:and
838:WTOR
769:CRTC
761:WBTZ
759:and
757:WQLR
749:WMWA
747:and
745:WVLF
741:WRCD
733:WYSX
720:WLYK
701:KFRC
699:and
681:Ohio
673:CRTC
661:CKLW
626:KRPI
580:and
489:The
484:XERA
175:news
1253:of
1207:RCA
1154:in
1144:XER
867:in
799:in
703:in
695:in
693:KHJ
663:in
558:BBC
158:by
1871::
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1789:.
1772:.
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1602:.
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1500:.
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1324:,
1148:AM
898::
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378:A
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