Botswana - Knowledge

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and 5% for males. Botswana is one of 21 priority countries identified by the UN AIDS group in 2011 in the Global Plan to eliminate new HIV infections among children and to keep their mothers alive. From 2009 to 2013, the country saw a decrease of over 50% in new HIV infections in children. Less than 10% of pregnant HIV-infected women were not receiving antiretroviral medications in 2013, with a large, corresponding decrease (over 50%) in the number of new HIV infections in children under five. Among the UN Global Plan countries, people living with HIV in Botswana have the highest percentage receiving antiretroviral treatment: about 75% for adults (age 15+) and about 98% for children.

1539: 2702: 129: 10535: 1562: 2290: 4153: 3950:) consists of thousands of dishes and antennas spread over large distances linked together to form one giant telescope. Additional dishes will be located in eight other African countries, Botswana among them. Botswana was selected to participate because of its ideal location in the southern hemisphere and environment, which could enable easier data collection from the universe. The Botswana government has built the SKA precursor telescope at Kgale View, which is the African Very Long Base Line Interferometry Network (AVN). It sent students on astronomy scholarships. 1384: 2575: 1435: 4013: 12432: 2692: 3817: 3354: 2443: 10934: 65: 11343: 2207: 2143: 139: 3632: 1241: 14255: 1102: 2035: 642: 51: 2199: 13540: 12647: 3502: 2432: 10835: 4027: 3491: 12659: 3954: 2360: 1149:

top of the hill with his helpers or assistants. These states, located outside of current Botswana's borders, appear to have kept massive herds of cattle—apparently at numbers approaching modern cattle density—in what is now the Central District. This massive cattle-raising complex prospered until around 1300 and seems to have regressed following the collapse of Mapungubwe. During this era, the first Tswana-speaking groups, the

1212: 3864: 10825: 2745: 667: 619: 600: 567: 548: 3894:(R&D) from 0.26% of GDP in 2012 to over 2% of GDP by 2016. This target can only be reached within the specified time frame by raising public spending on R&D. Botswana counts one of the highest researcher densities in sub-Saharan Africa: 344 per million inhabitants (in head counts), compared to an average of 91 per million inhabitants for the subcontinent in 2013. Botswana was ranked 85th in the 1038: 1779:

in the community to draw indigenous people in, which in turn increases their opportunities to earn an income, thus decreasing poverty. The UNDP also stated that the government has to effectively implement policies to allow people to manage their own local resources and the programme is giving the government information to help with policy development.

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Langhammer, P.; Laurance, W. F.; Lieberman, S.; Linkie, M.; Malhi, Y.; Maxwell, S.; Mendez, M.; Mittermeier, R.; Murray, N. J.; Possingham, H.; Radachowsky, J.; Saatchi, S.; Samper, C.; Silverman, J.; Shapiro, A.; Strassburg, B.; Stevens, T.; Stokes, E.; Taylor, R.; Tear, T.; Tizard, R.; Venter, O.; Visconti, P.; Wang, S.; Watson, J. E. M. (2020).

1267:, Bangwaketse, Bangwato and Batawana cooperated to control the lucrative ivory trade and used the proceeds to import horses and guns, which in turn enabled them to establish control over what is now Botswana. This process was largely complete by 1880, and the Batswana subjugated thus the Bushmen, Kalanga, Bakgalagadi and other current minorities. 4001:

to GISAID are among the highest in the African region on a per capita basis, on a par with its well-resourced neighbour South Africa. Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership (BHP) was built in 2003, two years after the umbrella organisation opened the BHHRL, its purpose-built HIV research lab which was one of the first on the continent.

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Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J.; Franco, P.; Goldman, E.; Goetz, S.; Hansen, A.; Hofsvang, E.; Jantz, P.; Jupiter, S.; Kang, A.;

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Omicron variant, subsequently designated B.1.1.529, and then named "Omicron," becoming the first country in the world to discover the variant. Since early 2021, they have genome-sequenced some 2,300 positive SARS-CoV-2 virus samples. According to Dr. Gaseitsiwe, Botswana's genome sequence submissions

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Botswana has 971 kilometres (603 mi) of railway lines, 18,443.8 kilometres (11,460.4 mi) of roads, and 92 airports, of which 12 have paved runways. Of these roads, 7,383.2 kilometres (4,587.7 mi) are paved, while the other 11,060.6 kilometres (6,872.7 mi) are unpaved. The national

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use through deep borehole drilling has somewhat eased the effects of drought. Surface water is scarce in Botswana, and less than 5% of the agriculture in the country is sustainable by rainfall. In the remaining 95% of the country, raising livestock is the primary source of rural income. Approximately

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However, agriculture also played a vital role in the longevity of Toutswemogala Hill's extended occupation, as many grain storage structures have also been found on the site. Many different stratified layers of housing floors further signal continuous occupation over hundreds of years. The arrival of

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drugs as well as an information campaign designed to stop the spread of the virus; in 2013, over 40% of adults in Botswana had access to antiretroviral therapy. In the 15–19 age group, prevalence was estimated at 6% for females and 3.5% for males in 2013, and for the 20–24 age group, 15% for females

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An expansion of British central authority and the evolution of native government resulted in the 1920 establishment of two advisory councils to represent both Africans and Europeans. The African Council consisted of the eight heads of the Tswana tribes and some elected members. Proclamations in 1934

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Iron Age settlement's radio-carbon dates range from the 7th to late 19th century, indicating it was occupied for more than 1,000 years. The hill was part of the formation of early states in southern Africa, with cattle as a major source of economy. The Toutswe settlement includes house-floors, large

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was a silver medalist in the 200 metres at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics and reached the semi-finals at the 2014 World Junior Championships in Athletics. Ross Branch Ross, a motor-biker, holds the number one place in the South African Cross Country Championship and has competed at the Dakar Rally.

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is the national railway company, operating primarily in the Southern African regional railway system. Botswana Railways offers rail-based transport facilities for moving a range of commodities for the mining sector and primary materials industries, as well as passenger train services and dry ports.

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In 1977, Botswana's administrative divisions were Ngamiland, Chobe, Francistown, Ngwato, Tuli, Ghanzi, Kgalagadi, Ngwaketse, Kweneng, Gaborone and Lobatse. In 2006, Chobe was removed from being an administrative division, and Ngamiland's name was changed to North West district. Chobe was readded on

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of resources, including land, in Botswana. The UNDP joined in with a project started in the southern community of Struizendam in Botswana. The project's purpose is to draw from "indigenous knowledge and traditional land management systems". The leaders of this movement are supposed to be the people

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The first written records relating to modern-day Botswana appear in 1824. These records show that the Bangwaketse had become the predominant power in the region. Under the rule of Makaba II, the Bangwaketse kept vast herds of cattle in well-protected desert areas, and used their military prowess to

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has a strong following; it was first played in Botswana around 40 years ago, and it grew in popularity during the 1980s. Many British expatriate school teachers informally taught the game in Botswana's secondary schools. The Botswana Bridge Federation (BBF) was founded in 1988. Bridge has remained

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Since independence, Botswana has had one of the fastest growth rates in per capita income in the world. Formerly one of the world's poorest countries—with a GDP per capita of about US$ 70 per year in the late 1960s—Botswana has transformed itself into an upper middle-income country. GDP per capita

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ruins, a cultural and heritage site in Botswana initially occupied towards the end of the Great Zimbabwe period (1250–1450), with stone walls that have an average height of 1.8 metres. The site is a respected place for the people living in the region, and it is believed that the chief lived on the

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The mineral industry provides about 40% of all government revenues. Botswana has not begun mining uranium, however the Letlhakane Uranium Project in Africa is one of the largest undeveloped uranium projects. The government announced in early 2009 that they would try to diversify their economy and

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Botswana's healthcare system has been steadily improving and expanding. Specifically, infant mortality and maternal mortality rates are steadily declining. Eighty-five per cent of the population live within a five-kilometre (3.1 mi) radius of a health facility. Seventy-three per cent of pregnant

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The constitution provides for an independent judiciary, and the government respects this in practice. The legal system is sufficient to conduct secure commercial dealings, although a growing backlog of cases prevents timely trials. Botswana is ranked second only to South Africa among sub-Saharan

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became president and vice-president, respectively, they aligned with the A Team. Khama effectively expelled the A Team from the party in 2010 after he became president. A new rivalry formed in 2018 when Khama's chosen successor, Mokgweetsi Masisi, became president. He opposed Khama, and the two

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hopes that investing a large part of national income in education will make the country less dependent on diamonds for its economic survival, and less dependent on expatriates for its skilled workers. NPVET (National Policy on Vocational Education and Training) introduced policies in favour of

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Botswana has made educational progress since independence in 1966 when there were only 22 graduates in the country and only a very small percentage of the population attended secondary school. Botswana increased its adult literacy rate from 69% in 1991 to 83% in 2008. Among sub-Saharan African

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that is a member of the Union for International Cancer Control. The Association supplements existing services through provision of cancer prevention and health awareness programs, facilitating access to health services for cancer patients and offering support and counselling to those affected.

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In terms of power infrastructure in Botswana, the country produces coal for electricity and imports oil. Recently, the country has taken a large interest in renewable energy sources and has designed a comprehensive strategy to attract investors in the wind, solar and biomass renewable energy

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Botswana's music is mostly vocal and performed, sometimes without drums depending on the occasion; it also makes heavy use of string instruments. Botswana folk music has instruments such as setinkane (a sort of miniature piano), segankure/segaba (a Motswana version of the Chinese instrument

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were illegal in Botswana. A Botswana High Court decision of 11 June of that year struck down provisions in the Criminal Code that punished "carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature" and "acts of gross indecency", making Botswana one of 22 African countries that have either

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is made when milk and sugar is added to fermented sorghum or maize. Ting without the milk and sugar is sometimes eaten with meat or vegetables for lunch or dinner. Another way of making bogobe is to add sour milk and a cooking melon (lerotse). The Kalanga tribe calls this dish is called

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years. Environmentalists report that the Okavango Delta is drying up due to increased livestock grazing. The Okavango Delta is one of the major semi-forested wetlands in Botswana and one of the largest inland deltas in the world; the ecosystem is crucial to the survival of many animals.

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field. Officially, the government denies that there is any link to mining, claiming the relocation is to preserve the wildlife and ecosystem, even though the San people have lived sustainably on the land for millennia. On the reservations, they struggle to find employment, and

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The Department of Forestry and Range Resources has already begun to implement a project to reintroduce indigenous vegetation into communities in Kgalagadi South, Kweneng North and Boteti. Reintroduction of indigenous vegetation will help reduce the degradation of the land. The

114: 1185:, a chieftaincy under a leader named Kgabo II, made their way into the southern Kalahari by AD 1500, at the latest, and his people drove the Bakgalagadi inhabitants west into the desert. Over the years, several offshoots of the Bakwena moved into adjoining territories. The 1994:. Furthermore, they show that Botswana lost its status as a "liberal democracy" in 2021, with its liberal, participatory and deliberative components decreasing "at a statistically significant level", with the latter component being noted as becoming "significantly worse". 1236:

raided repeatedly and took large numbers of cattle, women and children from the Batswana—most of whom were driven into the desert or sanctuary areas such as hilltops and caves. Only after 1843, when the Amandebele moved into western Zimbabwe, did this threat subside.

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is around 27% of the total land area, equivalent to 15,254,700 hectares (ha) of forest in 2020, down from 18,803,700 hectares (ha) in 1990. In 2020, naturally regenerating forest covered 15,254,700 hectares, of the naturally regenerating forest 0% was reported to be

5306: 3555:. The baskets are generally woven into three types: large, lidded baskets used for storage; large, open baskets for carrying objects on the head or for winnowing threshed grain; and smaller plates for winnowing pounded grain. These baskets steadily use colour. 112: 2159:

have been forcibly relocated from their land to reservations. To make them relocate, they were denied access to water on their land and faced arrest if they hunted, which was their primary source of food. Their lands lie in the middle of the world's richest

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language families whose members hunted, gathered and traded over long distances. When cattle were first introduced into southern Africa about 2,000 years ago, pastoralism became a major feature of the economy since the region had large grasslands free of

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dried, cured meat ranging from beef to game meats, either fillets of meat cut into strips following the grain of the muscle, or flat pieces sliced across the grain. Botswana's cuisine shares some characteristics with other cuisine of southern Africa.

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In 2009, Botswana-based company Deaftronics launched a solar-powered hearing aid after six years of prototype development. Since then, Deaftronics has sold over 10,000 of the hearing aids. Priced at $ 200 per unit, each hearing aid includes four

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for them. The product is inexpensive compared to many similar devices, which can start at around $ 600. In 2011, Botswana's Department of Agricultural Research (DAR) unveiled Musi cattle, designed to optimise beef production. As a hybrid of the

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was that development programs should promote, in consultation with indigenous communities such as the San and Bakgalagadi people, activities in harmony with the culture of those communities such as traditional hunting and gathering activities.

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In January 2006, Botswana announced the reintroduction of school fees after two decades of free state education, though the government still provides full scholarships with living expenses to any Botswana citizen in university, either at the

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grew from $ 439 in 1950 to $ 15,842 in 2018. Although Botswana was resource-abundant, a good institutional framework allowed the country to reinvest resource-income to generate stable future income. By one estimate, it has the fourth-highest

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At 581,730 km (224,607 sq mi), Botswana is the world's 48th-largest country. It also has a mean altitude of roughly 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) above sea level. Botswana is predominantly flat, tending towards gently rolling

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which is the language. For example, the main ethnic group of Botswana is the Tswana people, hence the name Botswana for its country. The people as a whole are Batswana, one person is a Motswana, and the language they speak is Setswana.

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In 1890, areas north of 22 degrees were added to the new Bechuanaland Protectorate. During the 1890s, the new territory was divided into eight different reserves, with fairly small amounts of land being left as freehold for white

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rose from 290,000 in 2005 to 320,000 in 2013. However, in recent years, the country has made strides in combating HIV/AIDS, with efforts being made to provide proper treatment and lower the rate of mother-to-child transmission.

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from around 200,000 years ago. Evidence left by modern humans, such as cave paintings, is about 73,000 years old. The earliest known inhabitants of southern Africa are thought to have been the forebears of present-day

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The Botswana Tourism Organisation is the country's official tourism group. Other destinations in Botswana include the Gaborone Yacht Club and the Kalahari Fishing Club. The country has natural attractions such as the

8468: 1354:, Britain decided to annex Botswana to safeguard the Road to the North and thus connect the Cape Colony to its territories further north. It unilaterally annexed Tswana territories in January 1885 and then sent the 3375:

at birth was 55 in 2009 according to the World Bank, having previously fallen from a peak of 64.1 in 1990 to a low of 49 in 2002. Since Botswana's 2011 census, current life expectancy is estimated at 54.06 years.

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With a nationwide Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission program, Botswana has reduced HIV transmission from infected mothers to their children from about 40% in 2003 to 4% in 2010. Under the leadership of

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Since raising livestock has been profitable for the people of Botswana, they continue to exploit the land with dramatically increasing numbers of animals. From 1966 to 1991, the livestock population grew from

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In June 1964, the United Kingdom accepted proposals for a democratic self-government in Botswana. An independence conference was held in London in February 1966. The seat of government was moved in 1965 from

5032:; Baldi, Benedetta F.; Moore, Andy E.; Lyons, Ruth J.; Lee, Sun-Seon; Kalsbeek, Anton MF; Petersen, Desiree C.; Rautenbach, Hannes; Förtsch, Hagen EA; Bornman, MS Riana; Hayes, Vanessa M. (28 October 2019). 5162:

Staurset, S.; Coulson, S. (2014). "Sub-surface movement of stone artefacts at White Paintings Shelter, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana: Implications for the Middle Stone Age chronology of central southern Africa".

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is considerable. Economic development spending was cut by 10% in 2002–2003 as a result of recurring budget deficits and rising expenditures on healthcare services. Botswana has been hit very hard by the

1500:, which has also won a majority in every parliamentary election since independence. All the previous presidents have also represented the same party. A long-running dispute over the northern border with 8759: 4552: 2176:, Fernand de Varennes, issued a statement calling on Botswana "to step up efforts to recognise and protect the rights of minorities in relation to public services, land and resource use, and the use of 1143:

moved into what is now the north-eastern area of the country. These proto-Kalanga were closely connected to states in Zimbabwe as well as to the Mapungubwe state. One notable remanant of this period is

9276: 3805: 1469:, located near Botswana's border with South Africa. Based on the 1965 constitution, the country held its first general elections under universal suffrage and gained independence on 30 September 1966. 4281:

Botswana has a number of tribes across the country, collectively known as Batswana. The official language is English and Setswana is the national language, although there are other spoken languages.

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in which national law supersedes local law. Local laws are developed by local councils and district councils. They are heavily influenced by tribal governments, which are led by the tribe's chief.

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in 2011, within a UNESCO project sponsored by the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation and Development (AECID). This policy was formulated in strategic documents that include Botswana's

9484: 4453: 2093:, and a large segment of its officer corps have received U.S. training. The Botswana government gave the United States permission to explore the possibility of establishing an Africa Command ( 3931:

breeds, it is hoped that the composite will lead to increased beef production. In 2016, the Botswana Institute of Technology Research and Innovation (BITRI) developed a rapid testing kit for

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in 1860. From that point on, the modern-day border between South Africa and Botswana was agreed on, and the Afrikaners and Batswana traded and worked together comparatively peacefully.

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has also entered into an agreement with Botswana, giving them US$ 7 million to reduce Botswana's debt by US$ 8.3 million. The US stipulated that Botswana will focus on more extensive

5380:"Archaeological impact assessment for the Bosa transmission line project from Theisang substation to the Tlokweng border post in the South Eastern and Kgatleng districts of Botswana" 11323: 5928: 3724: 2598:

way of life. Since the mid-1990s, the central government of Botswana has been trying to move the San out of their historic lands, likely because they live on a diamond-rich region.

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The oldest paintings from both Botswana and South Africa depict hunting, animal and human figures, and were made by the Khoisan (Kung San/Bushmen) over 20,000 years ago within the

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over the past 10 years, recording its lowest ever score on the indices. The indices classify Botswana as an electoral democracy in a 'grey zone' between electoral democracy and

10330: 8524: 8276: 7370: 8464: 5846: 4670: 14219: 10398: 1824:. Botswana's governing institutions were established after it became an independent nation in 1966. Botswana's governmental structure is based on both the United Kingdom's 13064: 12135: 10429: 5686:"Warren informed Chiefs Bathoen of Bangwaketse, Khama of Bangwato and Sebele of Bakwena about the protection in May 1885 (Mogalakwe, 2006)." (from T.E. Malebeswa (2020): 5465: 4607: 9566: 9152: 8864: 3966: 3868: 3442:(ARVs) to help combat the epidemic. Despite the launch of programs to make treatment available and to educate the populace about the epidemic, the number of people with 9423: 7588: 3530:

for plural) and phala (a whistle used mostly during celebrations). The hands are sometimes used as musical instruments too, by either clapping them together or against

4730: 1376:. This plan, which was well on its way to fruition despite the entreaties of Tswana leaders who toured England in protest, was eventually foiled by the failure of the 6044: 14129: 3874:

In 2015, Botswana planned to use science and technology to diversify its economy and thereby reduce its dependence on diamond mining. Botswana published its updated

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countries, Botswana has one of the highest literacy rates. As of 2024, 88.5% of the population aged 15 and over could read and write and were respectively literate.

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In 1884, Batawana, a northern-based Tswana clan's cavalry under the command of Kgosi Moremi, fought and defeated the Ndebele's invasion of northern Botswana at the

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regulated tribal rule and powers. A European-African advisory council was formed in 1951, and the 1961 constitution established a consultative legislative council.

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raid their neighbours. Other chiefdoms in the area, by this time, had capitals of 10,000 or so and were fairly prosperous. This equilibrium came to end during the

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71% of the country's land is used for communal grazing, which has been a major cause of the desertification and the accelerating soil erosion in the country.

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north to consolidate control over the area and convince the chiefs to accept British overrule. Despite their misgivings, they eventually acquiesced to this

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period, 1823–1843, when a succession of invading peoples from South Africa entered the country. Although the Bangwaketse were able to defeat the invading

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In Botswana, the Department of Mines and Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security maintains data regarding mining throughout the country.

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in Africa and has stockpiled foreign exchange reserves (over $ 7 billion in 2005/2006) amounting to almost two and a half years of current imports.

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heaps of vitrified cow dung, and burials while the outstanding structure is the stone wall. Around 1000 AD, the Toutswe people moved into Botswana.

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31 March 2014. That same day, the administrative divisions Francistown, Gaborone, Jwaneng, Lobatse, Selibe Phikwe, and Sowa Town were also added.

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has been the only ruling party from independence until 2024. As of 2024, Botswana is the third-least corrupt country in Africa, according to the

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or, if the student wishes to pursue an education in any field not offered locally, they are provided with a full scholarship to study abroad.

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is common within Botswana's political parties, and several groups have formed new parties by splitting from established ones. Since 2019, the

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Makgala, Christian John (3 July 2014). "Neil Parsons, National Coat of Arms, and Introduction of the Pula Currency in Botswana, 1975–1976".

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and the Merck Foundation, which together formed the African Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Partnership (ACHAP). Other early partners include the

3423:; in 2006, it was estimated that life expectancy at birth had dropped from 65 to 35 years. The life expectancy is 66.4 years as of 2024. 1884: 1320:

both became established in the country by 1856. By 1880, every major village had a resident missionary, and their influence slowly grew.

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Morton, Barry (14 January 2009). "The Hunting Trade and the Reconstruction of Northern Tswana Societies after the Difaqane, 1838–1880".

5137: 14224: 13576: 13219: 10804: 10096: 9241: 3471:. According to the 2011 UNAIDS Report, universal access to treatment—defined as 80% coverage or greater—has been achieved in Botswana. 460: 9974: 5357: 4986: 14486: 14234: 13143: 10884: 10338: 9729: 3464: 2310: 571: 10615:

Cunningham, A.B.; Milton, S.J. (1987). "Effects of basket-weaving industry on mokola palm and dye plants in northwestern Botswana".

10281: 9803: 9699: 6533:"New opportunities for combating desertification in Botswana: Women in action for sustainable land and natural resources management" 4697: 1480:, who was elected in his own right in 1984 and re-elected in 1989 and 1994. Masire retired from office in 1998. He was succeeded by 14476: 14346: 14294: 11172: 8516: 7934: 7451: 6820: 6412: 5980: 5115: 4662: 3985:, Almaz opened a first-of-its-kind computer assembly company. Ditec, a Botswana company, also customises, designs and manufactures 1978:, which was the second-highest rating in Africa, and the highest ranking in continental Africa (only the offshore island nation of 925: 9212:"Botswana is first country with severe HIV epidemic to reach key milestone in the elimination of mother-to-child HIV transmission" 8899: 6567:"Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material" 6286: 13406: 13214: 12925: 12441: 10964: 10390: 9901: 4645: 3536:(goat skin turned inside out wrapped around the calf area, only used by men) to create music and rhythm. The national anthem is " 2055: 1756: 10421: 9415: 4755: 3761: 1399:

was formed from the main British colonies in the region in 1910, the High Commission Territories—the Bechuanaland Protectorate,

14194: 13353: 13059: 12706: 11390: 8340: 5083: 1725:, which are heavily linked. Three-quarters of the country's human and animal populations depend on groundwater due to drought. 984: 10165: 9674: 9558: 9351: 9126: 7536: 1488:(son of the first president), who had been serving as Mogae's vice-president since resigning his position as Commander of the 13176: 13158: 13022: 12985: 12491: 11439: 11037: 10661: 10464: 10018: 9968: 9381: 8101: 6532: 5541:

Morton, Barry (1997). "The Hunting Trade and the Reconstruction of Northern Tswana Societies after the Difaqane, 1838–1880".

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moved northeast into former Kalanga areas. Not long afterwards, a Bangwato offshoot known as the Batawana migrated into the

14284: 14274: 13388: 13377: 13138: 9531: 9505: 7909: 7853: 7768: 7393: 6438: 6036: 5425:

Tlou, T. (1974). "The Nature of Batswana States: Towards a Theory of Batswana Traditional Government – The Batawana Case".

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women access antenal care services at least four times. Almost 100 per cent of births in Botswana take place in hospitals.

14436: 13473: 13468: 13199: 13194: 13027: 10217: 8814: 8115: 5786: 2614: 1877:, the Court of Appeal and Magistrates' Courts. Cases are often settled by customary courts with tribal chiefs presiding. 10074: 9175: 6478: 5854: 1849:

serves an advisory body made up of tribal chiefs and other appointed members. Botswana's executive branch is led by the

163: 14159: 13032: 10368: 8494: 6193: 6163: 4585: 3858: 3757: 3732: 3456: 3455:, the government of Botswana solicited outside help in curing people with HIV/AIDS and received early support from the 2077:

Following political changes in South Africa and the region, the BDF's missions have increasingly focused on preventing

604: 9618: 7511: 1576:

Basin, the major landform of all of southern Africa, lies partly in Botswana, with the basins of its tributaries, the

13959: 12119: 10567: 10483: 8021: 5579: 5413: 5214: 5016: 4923: 1018:

was originally applied to the Tswana, and has also come to be used generally as a term for all citizens of Botswana.

1662:. The park covers about 11,000 km (4,247 sq mi) and supports about 350 species of birds. In Botswana 1305:. This is the start of the collapse of the Ndebele Kingdom in Zimbabwe and it helped the Tswana speaking authority. 14279: 13802: 13368: 13301: 13291: 13227: 13087: 12731: 12452: 12210: 11584: 8585: 8064: 7332: 6969: 6748: 6692: 6309: 4884: 4843: 4384: 4349: 2605:, as the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights and fundamental freedoms of indigenous people for the 1764: 1232:

in 1826, over time, all the major chiefdoms in Botswana were attacked, weakened and impoverished. The Bakololo and

1056:. Stone tools and animal remains indicate that all areas of the country were inhabited at least 400,000 years ago. 9180: 8784: 8442: 8391: 8137: 6256: 6066: 4268: 4085: 2701: 1543: 13443: 11380: 11261: 10897: 8836: 8682: 6636: 6509: 4045: 3936: 3649: 3402: 3236: 10575: 8412: 8370: 7654: 6665:"The Mutation of Parliament into a "Registration Chamber": Executive Dominance over the Legislature in Botswana" 6014: 2502:

is in the planning and design stage at the Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security.

1797: 1473:, a leader in the independence movement, was elected as the first president, and subsequently re-elected twice. 14392: 14204: 14189: 14029: 13938: 13569: 13296: 13014: 12873: 12009: 11096: 8659: 8554: 8163: 5910: 5705: 4486: 3380: 2934: 2882: 2848: 2832: 2764: 2719: 2483: 2479: 2136: 1916: 1912: 1509: 1294:

and, after about eight years of intermittent tensions and hostilities, eventually came to a peace agreement in

980: 963:) of about $ 20,158 as of 2024. Botswana is the world's biggest diamond-producing country. Its relatively high 552: 7879: 7692: 3996:

On 19 November 2021, scientists at the Botswana Harvard HIV Reference Laboratory (BHHRL) first discovered the

1165:; trade goods from Asia such as beads made their way to Botswana, most likely in exchange for ivory, gold and 14446: 14199: 13520: 13348: 13336: 13079: 12991: 11332: 11215: 11073: 11025: 11010: 10877: 9825: 6215: 3739:

is a sprinter who specialises in the 400 metres who was the gold medalist at the Commonwealth Games in 2018.

3685: 3384: 3357: 3206: 2610: 2551:. The Indian minority is made up of both recent migrants and descendants of Indian migrants who arrived from 2025: 1975: 1955: 1939: 1687: 1416: 1112: 761: 737: 403: 12356: 7982: 7674: 4538: 1181:

the Tswana speakers' ancestors who came to control the region has yet to be dated precisely. Members of the

64: 14481: 14179: 13435: 13398: 13373: 13184: 13037: 12942: 12112: 11628: 7176: 6125: 5335: 3769: 3540:", which was written and composed by Kgalemang Tumediso Motsete; it was adopted upon independence in 1966. 3305: 3221: 2984: 2735: 2094: 2001: 1373: 1372:. During the early 1890s, the British government decided to hand over the Bechuanaland Protectorate to the 941: 727: 9770: 9445: 8244: 7560:"S. Africa Raids 3 Nearby Nations : Attacks Rebel Bases in Capitals of Zimbabwe, Zambia and Botswana" 14320: 14023: 13932: 13411: 13148: 13047: 12918: 11162: 11083: 10798: 9648: 8579: 4830: 4524: 4371: 4343: 4312: 3415: 3052: 3036: 3018: 2968: 2900: 2814: 2780: 2354: 2318: 1703: 952: 9918: 8716: 7559: 6849:"Role of local government in Botswana for effective service delivery: Challenges, prospects and lessons" 6770: 1427:

in 1961, ended any prospect of the UK or these territories agreeing to incorporation into South Africa.

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Countries and territories where English is the national language or the native language of the majority

11195: 11047: 10969: 10954: 9588: 6848: 6096: 4786: 3689: 3645: 3635: 3468: 2681: 2671: 2666: 2661: 2651: 2646: 2499: 1998: 1862: 1533: 1046: 945: 705: 363: 2520:

are the majority ethnic group in Botswana, making up approximately 79% of the population, followed by

885:

to the northeast. With a population of slightly over 2.4 million people and a comparable land area to

13562: 13416: 11205: 10918: 10828: 10494: 10304: 7723: 7249: 5271:"The glass beads of Kaitshàa and early Indian Ocean trade into the far hinterland of southern Africa" 3120: 2330: 2193: 1900: 1638:

Botswana has diverse areas of wildlife habitat. In addition to the delta and desert areas, there are

1538: 1497: 1388: 1337: 1317: 1008: 937: 917: 11737:

Countries and territories where English is an official language, but not the majority first language

10126: 10052: 8951: 7823: 2691: 2271:

These are administered by 16 local authorities (district councils, city councils or town councils).

2218:, 2 city districts, 4 towns, 11 sub-districts and, in total, 16 administrative divisions. They are: 1600:, located in the eastern part of the country. The Notwane provides water to the capital through the 14089: 13597: 13453: 13097: 12955: 12195: 12025: 11616: 11268: 11230: 11182: 11106: 11015: 11000: 10933: 10870: 6374: 5619: 4069: 3891: 3420: 3176: 2529: 2511: 2113: 1817: 1077: 921: 478: 431: 265: 70: 10000: 7791:"Botswana minorities need boost in education and health care, says UN expert urging Bill of Right" 6355: 4939: 1903:

has ruled with a majority government since independence. The nation's elections are recognized as

1869:

members. The president has significant power in Botswana, and the legislature has little power to

14372: 14367: 14325: 13949: 13589: 13525: 13515: 13253: 11901: 11020: 10595:

Cohen, Dennis L (1979). "The Botswana Political Elite: Evidence from the 1974 General Election".

8038: 5876: 3895: 3833: 3367:

The Ministry of Health in Botswana is responsible for overseeing the quality and distribution of

3315: 2587: 2491: 2403: 2303: 2123: 2013: 1983: 1424: 1355: 1233: 988: 972: 960: 656: 529: 12675: 10534: 8218: 8188: 4781: 865:. Botswana is topographically flat, with approximately 70 per cent of its territory part of the 14351: 14145: 14034: 13543: 13510: 13421: 13130: 12975: 12911: 11515: 11375: 11147: 11032: 10848: 10755: 8438: 5816: 4398:"Monopoly Politikos: How Botswana's Opposition Parties Have Helped Sustain One-Party Dominance" 3982: 3943: 3932: 3846: 3837: 3427: 3310: 2090: 2063: 2039: 2029: 1987: 1904: 1874: 1836: 1829: 1813: 1792: 1699: 1489: 1279: 929: 579: 523: 398: 288: 12612: 8302: 7473: 2089:. The United States has been the largest single foreign contributor to the development of the 128: 14054: 14007: 13792: 13276: 13248: 12215: 11953: 11574: 11200: 11111: 11042: 11005: 10959: 10942: 10852: 10788: 9879: 9003: 8921: 3811: 3700:

has an amateur golf league in which golfers compete in tournaments and championships. Runner

3439: 3295: 3070: 2676: 2656: 2376: 2299: 2189: 1896: 1880: 1850: 1805: 1659: 1525: 1396: 933: 447: 348: 8569: 4820: 4514: 4361: 4333: 4302: 2306:

in Africa, giving it a relatively high standard of living in Africa, around that of Mexico.

50: 13974: 13243: 12881: 11683: 11235: 11225: 11190: 10988: 10974: 10624: 10543: 9955: 6578: 5172: 5051: 4966: 4089: 3903: 3793: 3777: 3727:

in the 400 metres and won Botswana's first athletics medal at the world level. High jumper

3641: 3435: 3397: 3150: 3140: 2364: 2314: 2082: 1951: 1870: 1788: 1760: 1625: 329: 9725: 6663:

Sebudubudu, David; Maripe, Bugalo; Botlhomilwe, Mokganedi Z.; Malila, Ikanyeng S. (2013).

5728:

King Khama, Emperor Joe, and the Great White Queen: Victorian Britain Through African Eyes

5591:

Ramsay, J. (1991). "The Botswana-Boer War of 1852–53: How the Batswana Achieved Victory".

3697: 3334: 2574: 1383: 8: 14299: 13915: 13857: 13607: 13554: 12473: 12456: 12082: 11654: 11610: 11487: 11452: 11254: 11125: 11101: 11061: 10923: 10905: 10512: 9795: 9703: 8875: 8630:"Zimbabwe diaspora in Botswana commends GoZ engagement efforts, acknowledges IOM support" 7724:"THE DEATH PENALTY IN BOTSWANA IN THE LIGHT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW: THE CASE FOR ABOLITION" 7052:"Botswana at 50: democratic deficit, elite corruption and poverty in the midst of plenty" 5652:

The Realm of the Word: Language, Gender, and Christianity in the Southern African Kingdom

4693: 4073: 4040: 3548: 3537: 3480: 3154: 2533: 2487: 2415: 2392: 2289: 2284: 1991: 1866: 1714: 1683: 1651: 1529: 1496:

was sworn in as the fifth president of Botswana, succeeding Ian Khama. He represents the

1343: 1027: 956: 711: 100: 10628: 7931: 7443: 6800: 6725:

The African Review: A Journal of African Politics, Development and International Affairs

6669:

The African Review: A Journal of African Politics, Development and International Affairs

6582: 6404: 5984: 5176: 5105: 5055: 3426:

In 2003, the government began a comprehensive programme involving free or cheap generic

3270:

make up the majority of Christian denominations. The country also has congregations of:

1561: 1434: 13494: 13447: 11210: 11078: 10793: 10747: 10731: 10695: 10640: 10040: 9325: 9185: 9060: 8891: 8574: 8405:"World Heritage List reaches 1000 sites with inscription of Okavango Delta in Botswana" 8249: 7324: 7145: 7020: 6961: 6907: 6740: 6684: 6609: 6566: 6278: 5765: 5600: 5496: 5442: 5298: 5251: 5243: 5075: 4876: 4825: 4642: 4519: 4427: 4366: 4338: 4307: 4065: 3970: 3603: 2101: 2067: 2051: 1971:

formed a political rivalry that continues to loom over Batswana politics in the 2020s.

1888: 1858: 1825: 1173: 1150: 1060: 976: 968: 858: 12104: 9898: 4915: 3961:

Botswana launched its own three-year programme to build and launch a Micro Satellite (

3816: 1861:. The members of parliament choose the president, and the president then appoints the 14431: 13954: 13281: 12980: 12819: 12658: 12231: 11885: 11277: 11167: 11157: 11152: 10751: 10739: 10699: 10657: 10563: 10479: 10460: 10014: 9964: 9476: 9329: 9317: 9238:"Partnership for Success: CDC and Botswana Lead Progress Toward HIV Epidemic Control" 9144: 9064: 9052: 9047: 9030: 8107: 8097: 8017: 7609:"Chapter XXVI: Disarmament – No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons" 7413: 7358: 7316: 7149: 7137: 7073: 7012: 6992: 6953: 6911: 6899: 6732: 6676: 6614: 6596: 5757: 5575: 5434: 5409: 5302: 5290: 5255: 5210: 5188: 5079: 5067: 5012: 4919: 4868: 4759: 4419: 4093: 3728: 3002: 2470: 2177: 2139:

is a legal penalty for murder in Botswana, and executions are carried out by hanging.

2128: 1920: 1915:

has operated as a coalition of opposition parties. The most recent election was held

1908: 1840: 1801: 1646:. Northern Botswana has one of the few remaining large populations of the endangered 1493: 1351: 967:(by some estimates the fourth-largest in Africa) gives the country a relatively high 964: 354: 8332: 7024: 5033: 3841:

vocational education. Botswana invests 21% of its government spending in education.

3353: 2070:

of the armed forces and appoints a defence council. In 2019, Botswana signed the UN

1938:

in 1991, factionalism and political rivalries have dominated Botswana politics. The

1820:. It is the longest uninterrupted democracy in Africa. Its seat of government is in 1081: 14105: 14074: 14044: 13944: 13892: 13782: 12960: 12036: 12004: 11894: 11709: 11539: 11142: 11137: 10814: 10723: 10687: 10632: 10006: 9373: 9309: 9042: 7528: 7405: 7129: 7063: 7004: 6891: 6812: 6604: 6586: 5749: 5550: 5523: 5282: 5235: 5180: 5059: 5038: 4978: 4409: 4172: 4116: 4106: 3928: 3920: 3693: 3112: 2950: 2916: 2866: 2798: 2548: 2442: 2059: 1974:

Botswana was ranked as a "flawed democracy" and 33rd out of 167 states in the 2023

1947: 1935: 1775: 1707: 1695: 1686:(in the Okavango Delta) are major tourist destinations. Other reserves include the 1676: 1647: 1581: 1484:, who was elected in 1999 and re-elected in 2004. The presidency passed in 2008 to 1476:

Khama died in office in 1980. The presidency passed to the sitting vice-president,

1291: 631: 384: 369: 198: 56: 12845: 9675:"Letsile Tebogo stuns American trio for 200m Olympic gold in Paris | NBC Olympics" 7133: 7068: 7051: 6539: 5753: 5740:

Hayes, Frank (1980). "South Africa's Departure from the Commonwealth, 1960–1961".

4982: 1742:

million. Similarly, the human population has increased from 574,000 in 1971 to 1.5

13983: 13827: 12651: 12560: 12147: 12046: 10913: 10839: 9905: 9886: 9313: 8871: 8666: 7938: 7760: 7678: 7641: 7595: 7515: 7118:"An assessment of Botswana's electoral management body to deliver fair elections" 5950: 5365: 5331: 5184: 5047: 5029: 4649: 4166: 4032: 3965:) Botswana Satellite Technology (Sat-1 Project) in Gaborone on 18 December 2020. 3788: 3720: 3681: 3559: 3372: 3284: 3088: 3080: 2730: 2595: 2414:

of Botswana, the largest inland delta in the world, was inscribed as the 1,000th

2046:

At the time of independence, Botswana had no armed forces. It was only after the

1959: 1845: 1722: 1691: 1672: 1593: 1555: 1308:

Due to newly peaceful conditions, trade thrived between 1860 and 1880. Christian

1154: 1136: 1073: 905: 866: 862: 828: 208: 36: 9535: 9509: 7901: 7857: 7117: 6895: 6531:

Mogotsi, Kebadire; Kanego, Arabang; Sebele, Neelo; Kgaswane, Medi; Gabaitse, H.

6445: 3087:

are more important than they are in many other languages, because Setswana is a

2379:

company operating in Botswana, is a joint venture, 50% owned by the government.

2206: 2198: 14039: 13964: 13872: 12965: 12950: 12814: 12597: 12581: 11976: 11702: 11673: 11590: 11527: 11385: 9140: 9131: 7215: 6816: 6591: 3773: 3745: 3740: 3665: 3631: 3116: 2827: 2749: 2606: 2521: 2411: 2100:

Botswana is the 50th most peaceful country in the world, according to the 2024

1907:, but the ruling party has institutional advantages that other parties do not. 1668: 1655: 1566: 1194: 1140: 992: 913: 417: 233: 10727: 10691: 9559:"Teenage sprinter Letsile Tebogo wants to be remembered as an athletics great" 8810: 7179:(Report). Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa. p. 6. 7008: 6879: 5794: 5554: 5527: 5239: 5063: 4546:"Statistics Botswana - Census 2023 - Population of cities, towns and villages" 2613:(CKGR) as a special example. Among Anaya's recommendations in a report to the 2321:, economic growth averaged over 9% per year from 1966 to 1999. Botswana has a 1278:

from the Cape Colony established themselves on the borders of Botswana in the

1240: 138: 14425: 14407: 14394: 12934: 12840: 12835: 12663: 12271: 11622: 11568: 11472: 11220: 11088: 10843: 10808: 10743: 10735: 10273: 10247: 10157: 9343: 9321: 8977: 8111: 7417: 7320: 7141: 7077: 7016: 6957: 6903: 6736: 6680: 6600: 6470: 6341:

Terms and Definitions FRA 2025 Forest Resources Assessment, Working Paper 194

6185: 5761: 5438: 5294: 4908: 4872: 4791: 4485:(Report). United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. 2015. p. 9. 4423: 4018: 3912: 3907: 3832:

is working to establish libraries in primary schools in partnership with the

3736: 3705: 2775: 2517: 2338: 2334: 2326: 1927: 1854: 1589: 1577: 1573: 1505: 1470: 1438: 1347: 1302: 1295: 1283: 1260: 1229: 1158: 1085: 1004: 901: 894: 815: 754: 689: 271: 227: 178: 165: 10609:

The Political Economy of Botswana: A Study of Growth and Income Distribution

8922:"Africa :: Botswana — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency" 8490: 6155: 5702:"The Invention and Perpetuation of Botswana's National Mythology, 1885–1966" 5666:"The Invention and Perpetuation of Botswana's National Mythology, 1885–1966" 5226:

Denbow, James (1986). "A New Look at the Later Prehistory of the Kalahari".

4577: 2142: 14330: 14254: 13900: 13832: 13817: 12776: 12381: 12371: 12175: 11982: 11827: 11817: 11597: 10539: 9619:"Botswana ready to host Netball World Youth Cup - Xinhua | English.news.cn" 9148: 9056: 7509: 6721:"The Politics of Opposition Electoral Coalitions and Alliances in Botswana" 6618: 5567: 5401: 5192: 5071: 4414: 4397: 3986: 3978: 3806:

Ministry of Tertiary Education, Research, Science and Technology (Botswana)

3709: 3452: 3124: 2793: 2744: 2568: 2544: 2466: 2448: 2399: 2325:

compared to other African countries. The government has maintained a sound

2132: 2086: 2034: 1963: 1931: 1663: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1481: 1477: 1445: 1377: 1216: 1190: 1162: 870: 411: 215: 8091: 6942:"The Uneasy Relationship Between Parliament and the Executive in Botswana" 1101: 1011:. The Constitution of Botswana recognizes a homogeneous Tswana state. The 14114: 14059: 13797: 13767: 13617: 12555: 12386: 12276: 11924: 11874: 11832: 11696: 11660: 11579: 11492: 11395: 11301: 10097:"Botswana's hearing aid pioneers are betting on solar power to go global" 5286: 5034:"Human origins in a southern African palaeo-wetland and first migrations" 3969:(BIUST) will lead satellite development, with technical support from the 3924: 3368: 3274: 3259: 2759: 2706: 2602: 2540: 2407: 2119: 1943: 1726: 1325: 1313: 1264: 1256: 1186: 1182: 1053: 909: 10010: 9829: 7953:"Consolidating Democratic Governance in Southern Africa : Botswana" 7693:"Botswana scraps gay sex laws in big victory for LGBTQ rights in Africa" 7409: 7328: 7304: 6965: 6941: 6744: 6720: 6688: 6664: 5769: 5604: 5500: 5446: 4880: 4856: 4431: 2004:

ranks Botswana is the third-least corrupt country in Africa, just below

1157:. These various peoples were connected to trade routes that ran via the 14069: 13812: 13752: 13682: 13622: 13489: 12771: 12761: 12746: 12462: 12366: 12331: 12316: 12301: 12256: 12190: 11822: 11767: 11561: 10644: 10636: 8434: 8240: 6248: 4260: 3981:. It can also help predict and forecast harvest time. In 2016, for the 3792:

popular and the BBF has over 800 members. In 2007, the BBF invited the

3753: 3701: 3620: 3361: 3338: 3326: 3300: 3255: 3191: 2861: 2809: 2591: 2552: 2525: 2166: 2156: 2009: 2005: 1400: 1309: 1275: 1271: 1166: 1145: 1118: 1090: 1065: 928:

under its current name on 30 September 1966. Since then, it has been a

239: 12539: 10579: 8404: 7951:

Maundeni, Zibani; Mpabanga, Dorothy; Mfundisi, Adam (1 January 2007).

7394:"Botswana's 2019 General Elections: A Referendum on General Ian Khama" 6632: 6505: 5247: 4967:"Fossiliferous Neogene karst fillings in Angola, Botswana and Namibia" 3501: 2498:(300 MW), which is expected to be online in the near future. A 200-MW 2431: 1843:, which serves as the nation's formal and sole legislature, while the 14049: 13999: 13924: 13837: 13822: 13747: 13612: 12756: 12321: 11946: 11929: 11908: 11797: 11691: 10678:

Good, Kenneth (1992). "Interpreting the Exceptionality of Botswana".

8362: 6156:"Drought impact mitigation and prevention in the Limpopo River Basin" 6006: 3990: 3953: 3669: 3591: 3543:

In the northern part of Botswana, women in the villages of Etsha and

3490: 3263: 3128: 3031: 2564: 2495: 1979: 1967: 1767:

mean score of 9.13/10, ranking it 8th globally out of 172 countries.

1639: 1613: 1585: 1485: 1420: 1408: 1321: 1287: 1244: 277: 10862: 10574:

Acemoglu, Daron; Johnson, Simon; Robinson, James A. (11 July 2001).

8996: 5701: 5665: 5461: 4578:"Home | 2022 Population and Housing Census Dissemination Conference" 4475: 2359: 14012: 13842: 13777: 13737: 13732: 13717: 13667: 13662: 13647: 13627: 12791: 12781: 12736: 12421: 12396: 12246: 12241: 12220: 12185: 11999: 11919: 11857: 11842: 11762: 11757: 11648: 11533: 11497: 11481: 11288: 10818: 8517:"Unusual Tourism ministry solar power plant tender raises eyebrows" 7871: 4476:

Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015 – Country Report – Botswana

4225: 4217: 3997: 3974: 3916: 3673: 3653: 3443: 3407: 3279: 3074: 3047: 2929: 2843: 2714: 2696: 2583: 2560: 2372: 2345:

African countries in the 2014 International Property Rights Index.

2215: 2078: 2047: 1821: 1466: 1462: 1412: 1069: 882: 749: 693: 157: 10391:"Youth Company Shines With Their Locally Made Ditec Pioneer Phone" 9477:"Microbiome of madila - a southern-african fermented milk product" 8865:

Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Botswana

8722:(Report). United Nations Human Rights Council. A/HRC/15/37/Add.2. 6719:

Sebudubudu, David; Bodilenyane, Keratilwe; Kwerepe, Phana (2016).

5487:

Morton, B. (1993). "Pre-1904 Population Estimates of the Tswana".

1926:

In Botswana's early years, its politics were managed by President

1919:, with the Botswana Democratic Party maintaining its majority and 1211: 893:

countries in the world. It is essentially the nation-state of the

14017: 13989: 13877: 13772: 13757: 13722: 13707: 13692: 12766: 12741: 12705: 12628: 12607: 12576: 12534: 12406: 12376: 12361: 12346: 12336: 12326: 12291: 12286: 12236: 12205: 12180: 12155: 12063: 12052: 11807: 11802: 11787: 11782: 11555: 11545: 11508: 7671: 6662: 6037:"Botswana Geography & Maps | Botswana Safari 2024/25 | Goway" 5847:"U.K.: Bechuanaland independence conference opens in London 1966" 3962: 3947: 3863: 3657: 3599: 3575: 3406:

Life expectancy in select Southern African countries, 1950–2019.

2997: 2979: 2963: 2945: 2911: 2877: 2161: 1718: 1643: 1609: 1551: 1501: 1404: 1369: 1225: 1206: 1042: 1012: 874: 310: 12903: 10709:"Corruption and Mismanagement in Botswana: A Best-Case Example?" 6993:"The Political Foundations of Development: The Case of Botswana" 6344:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2023. 4965:

Pickford, Martin; Mein, Pierre; Senut, Brigitte (1 April 1994).

3890:(2011) sets the target of raising gross domestic expenditure on 2536:, and a number of other smaller Southern African ethnic groups. 1215:

1905 German map of Southern Africa, showing the still-undivided

14442:

Countries and territories where English is an official language

14064: 13882: 13867: 13862: 13787: 13727: 13697: 13657: 13652: 13642: 13632: 12786: 12751: 12721: 12431: 12416: 12411: 12351: 12306: 12266: 12160: 12139: 12058: 11852: 11847: 11812: 11792: 11667: 11550: 11521: 11502: 10542:

work. Licensed under CC BY-SA IGO 3.0. Text taken from

9508:. Botswana Press Agency (BOPA). 26 January 2006. Archived from 8333:"International Kimberlite Conference - Host Country - Botswana" 8138:"The International Property Rights Index 2014: Africa by Score" 6798: 5905:

Rotberg, Robert I., 'Botswana: Africa’s Democratic Exception',

5462:"The Rise of a Raiding State: Makaba II's Ngwaketse, 1780–1824" 3888:

National Policy on Research, Science, Technology and Innovation

3661: 3616: 3571: 3544: 3330: 3084: 3013: 2895: 1513: 886: 878: 294: 10857: 9766: 5138:"Ancestral homeland of modern humans in Botswana, study finds" 4855:

Monaka, Kemmonye Collete; Chebanne, Anderson Monthusi (2019).

3939:. The kit developed in Botswana allows for on-site diagnosis. 13852: 13807: 13762: 13742: 13712: 13702: 13687: 13677: 13306: 12602: 12391: 12341: 12296: 12281: 12261: 12251: 12225: 12165: 12041: 12031: 12014: 11959: 11914: 11837: 11777: 11772: 9396: 5909:(New York, 2023; online edn, Oxford Academic, 19 Jan. 2023), 5907:

Overcoming the Oppressors: White and Black in Southern Africa

5624: 5387: 5269:

Denbow, James; Klehm, Carla; Dussubieux, Laure (April 2015).

4196: 4137: 3765: 3587: 3583: 3322: 3091:

and has noun classes denoted by these prefixes. They include

2556: 2469:, which flies domestically and to other countries in Africa. 1248: 742: 10508:"How democratic is Botswana after 50 years of independence?" 6718: 5572:

The Magic of Perseverance: The Autobiography of David Magang

5406:

The Magic of Perseverance: The Autobiography of David Magang

4940:"Botswanan or Batswana? It's complicated – Voices of Africa" 4446:"Masisi to Lead Botswana as Khama Steps Down After a Decade" 3615:. Madila is a traditional fermented milk product similar to 2582:

Since 2000, because of deteriorating economic conditions in

1037: 13905: 13847: 13672: 12401: 12311: 12200: 12019: 11993: 11987: 10495:"Botswana's Masisi retains presidency as BDP wins election" 8758:. Gaborone: Statistics Botswana. June 2022. pp. 3–37. 8192: 5207:

Land Filled With Flies: A Political Economy of the Kalahari

4608:"Population Distribution Structure and Density in Botswana" 4143: 3967:

Botswana International University of Science and Technology

3869:

Botswana International University of Science and Technology

3677: 3595: 3523: 2410:

that the Botswana Golf Union (BGU) maintains. In 2014, the

1828:

and the Tswana people's tribal governments. Botswana has a

1052:

It is estimated that hominids lived in Botswana during the

13584: 8717:

Addendum – The situation of indigenous peoples in Botswana

7250:"Botswana opposition groups unite to challenge ruling BDP" 5688:

Tribal Territories Act, indirect rule, chiefs and subjects

4190: 4178: 4122: 3644:

is the most popular sport in Botswana. Qualifying for the

3321:

According to the 2001 census, the nation has around 5,000

1350:

and Britain coveted the territory of Botswana. During the

9475:

Ohenhen, Regina; Imarenezor, E.P.K; Kihuha, A.N. (2013),

8955: 8014:

A History of the Global Economy. From 1500 to the Present

7195: 7050:

Mogalakwe, Monageng; Nyamnjoh, Francis (2 January 2017).

5110: 3935:

in collaboration with the Botswana Vaccine Institute and

3652:'s highest achievement to date. Other popular sports are 3552: 2122:, Ditshwanelo, was established in 1993. Until June 2019, 1873:

the president once appointed. The judiciary includes the

1774:(UNDP) claims that poverty is a major problem behind the 766: 10005:. World Intellectual Property Organization. p. 63. 7950: 7635:

Botswana Defence Force, U.S. Army Leaders Meet in Europe

6799:

Mooketsane, K.; Bodilenyane, K.; Motshekgwa, B. (2017).

6563: 5027: 2590:

has risen into the tens of thousands. Fewer than 10,000

1492:

in 1998 to take up this civilian role. On 1 April 2018,

12134: 11417:

List of countries where English is an official language

9474: 7214:

Sebudubudu, David; Botlhomilwe, Mokganedi Zara (2010).

6801:"Is decentralisation in Botswana a democratic fallacy?" 6530: 5391:. Lentswe Archaeological Consultants. 2017. p. 10. 3254:

An estimated 77% of the country's citizens identify as

897:, who constitute nearly 80 per cent of the population. 10218:"BITRI Develops Rapid Foot and Mouth Disease Test Kit" 3438:. In 2002, Botswana became the first country to offer 12866:

Southern African Development Coordination Conference

9446:"The Food of Botswana - Traditional Botswana Cuisine" 9344:"Welcome to Daily News .:. General - Birth of nation" 9031:"The first postmodern pandemic: 25 years of HIV/AIDS" 8214: 8065:"Botswana ranked Africa's leader in economic freedom" 7213: 6126:"Botswana Country Profile - National Geographic Kids" 5268: 4199: 4140: 4134: 4131: 932:

with a consistent record of uninterrupted democratic

916:

colonised the area and declared a protectorate named

908:, including modern Botswana, in several waves before 779: 10548:, 546–547, UNESCO, UNESCO Publishing. 9826:"Ministry of Education and Skills Development: Home" 7305:"President Festus Mogae: The Regent Who Became King" 4187: 4181: 4175: 4125: 4119: 4008: 3796:

to host a week-long teaching programme in May 2008.

3776:

won Botswana's first-ever Olympic gold medal at the

3768:. Botswana was the first African nation to host the 3531: 3079:

The official language of Botswana is English, while

1982:

bested its ranking). However, according to the 2024

9744: 9481:

International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

7284: 7216:"The management of elections: the case of Botswana" 6360:

Food Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

6356:"Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020, Botswana" 5983:. Southern-eagle.com. 21 March 1990. Archived from 4193: 4128: 3876:

National Policy on Research, Science and Technology

3547:are noted for their skill at crafting baskets from 336:

parliamentary republic with an executive presidency

11342: 9889:. Unevoc.unesco.org. Retrieved on 27 October 2016. 9852:"Library Partner – Botswana Ministry of Education" 9702:. Botswana National Sports Council. Archived from 9649:"Netball World Youth Cup Gaborone 2017 | NWYC2017" 8269: 7854:"Botswana Government Ministries & Authorities" 6777:, Central Intelligence Agency, 25 September 2023, 6557: 4907: 4255: 4253: 4251: 3083:is widely spoken across the country. In Setswana, 2150: 1059:It was claimed to have been the birthplace of all 979:(after South Africa). Botswana is a member of the 900:The Tswana ethnic group are descended mainly from 13323:Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention 10422:"Inside the Botswana lab that discovered Omicron" 8683:"Visit Central Kalahari Game Reserve In Botswana" 7611:. United Nations Treaty Collection. 7 July 2017. 7359:"The 2010 split of the Botswana Democratic Party" 7357:Lotshwao, Kebapetse; Suping, Kekgaoditse (2013). 7272: 7049: 4964: 4756:"Chapter: 01:04 Interpretation Act 1984 (§40(1))" 2019: 1200: 14423: 11412:List of countries by English-speaking population 10614: 9402: 8660:African Bushmen Tour U.S. to Fund Fight for Land 8394:. Botswana Golf Union. Retrieved on 19 May 2017. 7761:"Botswana bushmen: Modern life is destroying us" 6940:Botlhale, Emmanuel; Lotshwao, Kebapetse (2013). 6939: 5787:"Botswana: Late British colonialism (1945–1966)" 2348: 1619: 13364:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights 7906:Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA 6991:Beaulier, Scott A.; Subrick, J. Robert (2006). 6990: 6506:"Botswana, US sign 'Debt-for-Nature' agreement" 5209:. Chicago: Chicago University Press, pp. 71–5. 5161: 4248: 3574:, pounded meat made from goat meat or beef, or 3434:The country has been adversely affected by the 3290:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 3268:United Congregational Church of Southern Africa 1986:, Botswana has been experiencing an episode of 459:581,730 km (224,610 sq mi) ( 12890:Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa 10248:"Botswana takes part in revolutionary mission" 9534:. Botswana Press Agency (BOPA). Archived from 7356: 5106:"Origin of modern humans 'traced to Botswana'" 5007:Morton, F.; Ramsay, J. and Mgadla, T. (2008). 4906:Bolaane, Maitseo; Mgadla, Part Themba (1997). 4854: 3337:. Approximately 20% of citizens identify with 2478:industries. Botswana's power stations include 1895:compete in elections, but it is effectually a 1883:are held every five years and overseen by the 1558:, which covers up to 70% of its land surface. 1247:, who led a Batswana Merafe Coalition against 14290:Companies and Intellectual Property Authority 14130: 13570: 12919: 12691: 12120: 11317: 10878: 10652:Denbow, James & Thebe, Phenyo C. (2006). 10607:Colclough, Christopher and Stephen McCarthy. 10274:"Satellite technology development giant leap" 8036: 7783: 7391: 6007:"A25DX - A25RJ Botswana - News - Information" 4905: 4857:"Setswana and the Building of a Nation State" 14457:Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations 14270:Botswana Communications Regulatory Authority 14085:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 14080:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 13359:African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 12506:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 11605:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 11462:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 10670:Edge, Wayne A. and Mogopodi H. Lekorwe eds. 10538: This article incorporates text from a 9589:"Letsile TEBOGO | Profile | World Athletics" 8714: 6880:"How many bicameral legislatures are there?" 6633:"Botswana villages fighting desertification" 6500: 6498: 6496: 6216:"Crossing a River Where Four Countries Meet" 6103:, Central Intelligence Agency, 22 May 2024, 5021: 4638: 4636: 4634: 4632: 2333:in 2002 and 2003, and a negligible level of 2072:treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons 98: 83: 28: 14106:Commonwealth Secretariat – Member Countries 10545:UNESCO Science Report: Towards 2030 10454: 9790: 9788: 8140:. The International Property Rights Index. 8016:. Cambridge University Press. p. 159. 8011: 7201: 3111:Other languages spoken in Botswana include 2214:Botswana is divided into 10 administrative 2183: 2066:(BDF) was formed in 1977. The president is 1259:-based merchants opened up and enabled the 14462:States and territories established in 1966 14144: 14137: 14123: 13577: 13563: 13167:African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights 12926: 12912: 12698: 12684: 12127: 12113: 11331: 11324: 11310: 10885: 10871: 10331:"Botswana opens first tech assembly plant" 10305:"Botswana Launches National Space Program" 10155: 10002:Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition 9919:"Scholarship Funding to Study in Botswana" 9875: 9873: 9828:. Moe.gov.bw. 27 July 2011. Archived from 9242:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 9006:. Union for International Cancer Control. 8749:"POPULATION OF CITIES, TOWNS AND VILLAGES" 8465:"Ministry of Transport and Communications" 6444:. IS: Rala. pp. 61–64. Archived from 6432: 6430: 5590: 5486: 5362:Rethinking Heritage Management in Botswana 3784:, finishing with a time of 19.46 seconds. 3467:and the Botswana–UPenn Partnership of the 3414:Like elsewhere in Sub-Saharan Africa, the 2311:Ministry of Trade and Industry of Botswana 1782: 1465:in South Africa, to the newly established 137: 127: 9963:. Paris: UNESCO. 2015. pp. 546–547. 9046: 9022: 8710: 8708: 8539: 8233: 7392:Seabo, Batlang; Nyenhuis, Robert (2021). 7363:Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies 7174: 7115: 7084: 7067: 6608: 6590: 6493: 4629: 4413: 4395: 3852: 3684:. Botswana is an associate member of the 2317:throughout the country. According to the 1658:has the world's largest concentration of 1423:, and South Africa's withdrawal from the 1312:were able to take advantage of this. The 641: 14472:Republics in the Commonwealth of Nations 14347:Directorate of Intelligence and Security 14165:Communications, Knowledge and Technology 9785: 9127:"Botswana's high-stakes assault on AIDS" 9124: 9028: 8837:"What Languages Are Spoken In Botswana?" 7846: 7755: 7753: 7751: 7589:Republic of Botswana – Government portal 6853:Commonwealth Journal of Local Governance 6375:"Top 10 Tourist Attractions In Botswana" 6249:"Botswana | African Wildlife Foundation" 5699: 5663: 5332:"Toutswemogala Hill Iron Age Settlement" 3952: 3862: 3815: 3630: 3410:has caused a decline in life expectancy. 3401: 3352: 2573: 2358: 2293:GDP per capita of Botswana, 1950 to 2018 2288: 2205: 2197: 2180:in education and other critical areas." 2141: 2033: 1796: 1629: 1560: 1537: 1433: 1382: 1239: 1210: 1036: 132: 9870: 9761: 9759: 9299: 9176:"Mogae shifts stress to HIV prevention" 9099:. Geneva: UN AIDS. 2014. Archived from 9088: 9086: 9084: 9082: 9080: 9078: 9076: 9074: 8886: 8884: 8860: 8858: 8164:"RANKED: World's richest diamond mines" 7598:. Gov.bw. Retrieved on 27 October 2016. 7352: 7350: 7122:Journal of Contemporary African Studies 7056:Journal of Contemporary African Studies 6427: 5781: 5779: 5730:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 5358:"From Monuments to Cultural Landscapes" 5355: 4774: 3820:Botswana Ministry of Education building 1255:During the 1840s and 1850s, trade with 1153:, moved into the southern areas of the 14424: 14220:Local Government and Rural Development 12707:Southern African Development Community 11391:English in the Commonwealth of Nations 10849:Key Development Forecasts for Botswana 10505: 10302: 10127:"Solar Powered Hearing Aids, Botswana" 9950: 9948: 9946: 9944: 9750: 9556: 9173: 8705: 8640:from the original on 25 September 2023 8363:"Home | Botswana Tourism Organisation" 8239: 8089: 7818: 7816: 7814: 7812: 7721: 7302: 7296: 7116:Mogalakwe, Monageng (2 January 2015). 6935: 6933: 6877: 6846: 6658: 6656: 6654: 6625: 6310:"Too many elephants in African parks?" 6243: 6241: 5540: 5513: 5326: 5324: 5225: 4914:. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 4663:"HDR23-24 Summary (Specifically IHDI)" 3780:after finishing in first place in the 2210:Districts and subdistricts of Botswana 1746:million in 1995, a 161% increase in 24 1189:occupied areas to the west, while the 1003:The country's name means "Land of the 985:Southern African Development Community 14118: 13558: 13316:Specialised agencies and institutions 12907: 12679: 12108: 11357: 11305: 11292: 10892: 10866: 10594: 10560:Botswana's Top50 Ultimate Experiences 10492: 10473: 10432:from the original on 14 December 2021 10419: 10303:Africa, Space in (23 December 2020). 10254:from the original on 24 November 2020 10188:"Hardy breed named Musi at unveiling" 9858:from the original on 3 September 2011 9732:from the original on 27 February 2008 9416:"An Introduction to Bushman Rock Art" 8843:from the original on 21 February 2024 7834:from the original on 23 February 2024 7824:"Administrative Division of Botswana" 7748: 7557: 7454:from the original on 14 February 2024 7290: 7278: 7260:from the original on 14 November 2022 7111: 7109: 6972:from the original on 13 February 2024 6842: 6840: 6838: 6714: 6712: 6710: 6695:from the original on 14 November 2022 6372: 5922: 5739: 5632:from the original on 24 November 2020 4815: 4813: 4297: 4295: 4293: 4291: 4289: 4224: 1930:and vice-president (later president) 1451:at independence talks in London, 1965 1419:government in 1948, which instituted 1290:defeated Afrikaner incursions at the 924:, Bechuanaland became an independent 14285:Civil Aviation Authority of Botswana 14275:Botswana Energy Regulatory Authority 13065:Permanent Representatives' Committee 11293: 10773:Tlou, Thomas, and Alec C. Campbell. 10677: 10576:"An African Success Story: Botswana" 10506:Dionne, Kim Yi (30 September 2016). 10457:Botswana – A Modern Economic History 10455:Hillbom, Ellen; Bolt, Jutta (2018). 10228:from the original on 10 January 2019 10198:from the original on 10 January 2019 10027:from the original on 18 January 2024 9998: 9756: 9354:from the original on 26 January 2020 9155:from the original on 13 January 2023 9071: 8932:from the original on 8 February 2024 8914: 8881: 8855: 8817:from the original on 3 February 2024 8785:"Culture and Traditions of Botswana" 8693:from the original on 27 October 2020 8658:Lovgren, Stefan (14 September 2004) 8527:from the original on 28 October 2020 8497:from the original on 21 January 2019 8445:from the original on 22 October 2023 8373:from the original on 24 January 2024 8221:from the original on 9 February 2008 8144:from the original on 8 December 2015 8045:from the original on 15 January 2010 7902:"Botswana, administrative divisions" 7570:from the original on 11 January 2012 7539:from the original on 31 October 2022 7385: 7347: 7175:Somolekae, Gloria (1 January 2005). 6847:Sharma, Keshav C. (23 August 2020). 6781:from the original on 8 February 2024 6751:from the original on 13 October 2023 6639:from the original on 2 November 2009 6512:from the original on 1 December 2009 6405:"Central Botswana | Botswana Safari" 6107:from the original on 8 February 2024 5887:from the original on 3 November 2016 5776: 5708:from the original on 28 October 2021 5424: 5086:from the original on 29 October 2019 4942:. Voices of Africa. 17 August 2015. 4932: 4727:United Nations Development Programme 4720:"Human Development Report 2023/2024" 4502:Total Country Area ('000)ha / 58 173 4271:from the original on 22 October 2023 3762:4 × 400 metres relay at the Olympics 3391: 2578:Population pyramid of Botswana, 2016 2528:at 3%. The remaining 7% consists of 2056:Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army 1772:United Nations Development Programme 1763:of the land. The country had a 2018 14467:Member states of the United Nations 13474:Single African Air Transport Market 13469:African Continental Free Trade Area 10597:Journal of Southern African Affairs 10478:. McGill-Queen's University Press. 10401:from the original on 9 January 2019 10311:from the original on 2 January 2021 10158:"Dept pleads for marketing of Musi" 10156:Kgathileng, Tebogo (27 July 2015). 10137:from the original on 9 January 2019 10107:from the original on 9 January 2019 9957:UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 9941: 9456:from the original on 6 January 2023 8765:from the original on 9 October 2022 8729:from the original on 6 October 2018 8547:"Botswana - energy sector overview" 8257:from the original on 29 August 2011 8215:"The Government of Botswana – Home" 8071:from the original on 22 August 2017 7882:from the original on 12 August 2011 7864: 7809: 7335:from the original on 3 October 2023 7043: 6984: 6930: 6878:Norton, Philip (21 December 2004). 6763: 6651: 6307: 6238: 5851:British Pathé historical collection 5468:from the original on 16 August 2020 5321: 4946:from the original on 6 January 2018 4700:from the original on 12 August 2022 4691: 4558:from the original on 9 October 2022 3989:. Ditec specialises in customising 2633:Largest cities or towns in Botswana 2615:United Nations Human Rights Council 2594:are still living their traditional 2174:UN Special Rapporteur on Minorities 2012:. Botswana is also a member of the 1508:was the subject of a ruling by the 13: 14452:Member states of the African Union 11341: 10551: 10528: 10361:"Almaz enters Botswana ICT sector" 10284:from the original on 15 April 2021 9980:from the original on 22 March 2017 9599:from the original on 18 April 2024 9483:, vol. 2 (2) (2013) 170–175, 9384:from the original on 21 March 2020 9248:from the original on 29 March 2023 9192:from the original on 29 March 2023 9125:Rollnick, Roman (September 2002). 8902:from the original on 31 March 2022 8791:from the original on 21 April 2024 8756:POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS 2022 8313:from the original on 13 March 2024 8283:from the original on 27 April 2009 8245:"Diamonds are Forever in Botswana" 7963:from the original on 26 March 2023 7771:from the original on 25 March 2016 7615:from the original on 6 August 2019 7207: 7106: 6884:The Journal of Legislative Studies 6871: 6835: 6792: 6707: 6436: 5617: 5459: 5118:from the original on 15 April 2024 4989:from the original on 17 April 2024 4810: 4736:from the original on 13 March 2024 4492:from the original on 17 March 2023 4286: 3906:(lasting up to three years) and a 3859:Science and technology in Botswana 3758:2022 World Athletics Championships 3690:International Badminton Federation 3688:. Botswana became a member of the 2337:. It earned the highest sovereign 1839:consists of the President and the 1690:located in the Kalahari Desert in 14: 14498: 13960:Heard Island and McDonald Islands 12933: 11358: 10858:Government Directory for Botswana 10782: 10716:Journal of Modern African Studies 10680:Journal of Modern African Studies 10674:(Pretoria: J.L. van Schaik, 1998) 10656:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. 10073:. 28 October 2013. Archived from 9806:from the original on 1 April 2023 9773:from the original on 25 July 2008 9767:"UNESCO Institute for Statistics" 9557:Ramsay, George (4 October 2022). 9218:from the original on 31 July 2022 8471:from the original on 29 July 2018 8415:from the original on 26 July 2018 7993:from the original on 20 July 2019 7722:Tshosa, Onkemetse (25 May 2021). 7703:from the original on 11 June 2019 7633:Pounds, Lance (14 December 2015) 7490:from the original on 7 March 2024 6805:African Journal of Public Affairs 6196:from the original on 27 June 2016 5961:from the original on 7 March 2021 5356:Dichaba, Tsholofelo Sele (2009). 5009:Historical Dictionary of Botswana 4887:from the original on 7 April 2023 4798:from the original on 26 July 2019 4456:from the original on 1 April 2018 3457:Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation 2421: 2042:plane to Mozambique in July 2021. 1634:Zebras roaming the Okavango Basin 959:. Botswana has a per capita GDP ( 14487:Former least developed countries 14280:Botswana Unified Revenue Service 14253: 14245:Youth, Gender, Sport and Culture 14175:Education and Skills Development 13803:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 13539: 13538: 13389:African Union–Ethiopia relations 13070:Specialized Technical Committees 12732:Democratic Republic of the Congo 12657: 12646: 12645: 12453:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 12430: 12211:Democratic Republic of the Congo 11585:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 10932: 10833: 10823: 10707:Good, Kenneth (September 1994). 10533: 10493:Benza, Brian (25 October 2019). 10413: 10383: 10353: 10323: 10296: 10266: 10240: 10210: 10180: 10168:from the original on 20 May 2020 10149: 10119: 10089: 10059: 9992: 9929:from the original on 1 June 2024 9911: 9899:Botswana brings back school fees 9892: 9880:UNESCO-UNEVOC's Botswana profile 9844: 9818: 9718: 9692: 9667: 9655:from the original on 4 June 2024 9641: 9629:from the original on 31 May 2024 9611: 9581: 9569:from the original on 1 July 2024 9550: 9524: 9498: 9487:from the original on 4 June 2024 9468: 9438: 9426:from the original on 4 June 2024 9408: 9366: 9336: 9302:South African Historical Journal 9293: 9282:from the original on 1 June 2013 9260: 9230: 9204: 9167: 9118: 9048:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01910.x 9010:from the original on 28 May 2013 9004:"Cancer Association of Botswana" 8984:from the original on 9 July 2011 8970: 8944: 8829: 8803: 8777: 8741: 8675: 8652: 8622: 8610:from the original on 31 May 2024 8590: 8562: 8509: 8483: 8457: 8427: 8397: 8385: 8355: 8343:from the original on 31 May 2024 8325: 8295: 8207: 8181: 8156: 8130: 8118:from the original on 4 June 2024 8083: 8057: 8030: 8005: 7975: 7944: 7930:US Department of State website, 7924: 7912:from the original on 1 June 2024 7894: 7797:from the original on 4 June 2024 7736:from the original on 25 May 2021 7715: 7684: 7664: 7647: 7627: 7601: 7582: 7551: 7521: 7502: 7466: 7436: 7424:from the original on 4 June 2024 7373:from the original on 4 June 2024 7230:from the original on 4 June 2024 7183:from the original on 1 June 2023 7156:from the original on 4 June 2024 7031:from the original on 4 June 2024 6997:Constitutional Political Economy 6918:from the original on 4 June 2024 6859:from the original on 4 June 2024 6823:from the original on 4 June 2024 6415:from the original on 31 May 2024 6385:from the original on 31 May 2023 6320:from the original on 31 May 2024 6289:from the original on 4 June 2024 6259:from the original on 31 May 2024 6226:from the original on 31 May 2024 6166:from the original on 4 June 2024 6136:from the original on 31 May 2024 6077:from the original on 31 May 2024 6047:from the original on 31 May 2024 6017:from the original on 31 May 2024 5931:from the original on 6 June 2024 5857:from the original on 4 June 2024 5827:from the original on 2 June 2024 5742:The International History Review 5620:"The Guns of Khutiyabasadi (II)" 5543:South African Historical Journal 5516:South African Historical Journal 5309:from the original on 24 May 2019 4971:South African Journal of Science 4673:from the original on 21 May 2024 4588:from the original on 1 July 2024 4171: 4115: 4025: 4011: 3500: 3489: 2743: 2700: 2690: 2441: 2430: 2383:avoid overreliance on diamonds. 2120:Botswana Centre for Human Rights 1885:Independent Electoral Commission 1765:Forest Landscape Integrity Index 1512:in December 1999. It ruled that 1494:Mokgweetsi Eric Keabetswe Masisi 1111: 1100: 965:gross national income per capita 666: 665: 640: 618: 617: 599: 598: 566: 565: 547: 546: 108: 63: 49: 14477:1966 establishments in Botswana 12874:Southern African Customs Union 11381:History of the English language 10654:Culture and Customs of Botswana 10611:(Oxford University Press, 1980) 10420:Flood, Zoe (14 December 2021). 9796:"Literacy - The World Factbook" 9174:Powell, Alvin (16 April 2009). 8435:"About Our Country § Transport" 7690: 7242: 7168: 6524: 6481:from the original on 1 May 2024 6463: 6397: 6366: 6348: 6332: 6301: 6271: 6208: 6178: 6148: 6118: 6089: 6059: 6029: 5999: 5973: 5943: 5916: 5899: 5869: 5839: 5821:clintonwhitehouse3.archives.gov 5809: 5733: 5720: 5693: 5680: 5657: 5644: 5611: 5584: 5574:. Cape Town: CASAS, pp. 28–38. 5561: 5534: 5507: 5480: 5453: 5418: 5408:. Cape Town: CASAS, pp. 10–14; 5395: 5372: 5349: 5262: 5219: 5199: 5155: 5130: 5098: 5001: 4958: 4899: 4848: 4748: 4712: 4685: 4655: 4600: 4570: 4507: 4210: 4099: 4046:List of Botswana-related topics 3937:Canadian Food Inspection Agency 3880:Tenth National Development Plan 3582:Examples of Botswana food are: 3465:Harvard School of Public Health 3461:Botswana–Harvard AIDS Institute 3095:, which refers to the country, 2505: 2151:San and other indigenous tribes 2107: 1976:Democracy Index (The Economist) 1696:Makgadikgadi Pans National Park 1554:. Botswana is dominated by the 1455: 1387:Postage stamp of British-ruled 14030:British Indian Ocean Territory 13939:Australian Antarctic Territory 10672:Botswana: Politics and Society 10448: 9214:. Brazzaville: UN AIDS. 2021. 8811:"South African History Online" 8553:. 22 June 2012. Archived from 8191:. 20 July 2007. Archived from 8037:Kästle, Klaus (24 July 2009). 7941:, May 2009. Retrieved 7–23–09. 7558:Parks, Michael (20 May 1986). 5654:. Portsmouth, N.H.: Heinemann. 5228:The Journal of African History 4758:. 20 July 1984. Archived from 4729:. 13 March 2024. p. 275. 4468: 4438: 4389: 4354: 4326: 4226:[lɪˈfatsʰɪlabʊˈtswana] 4078: 4058: 3957:Cubesat miniaturized satellite 3830:Botswana Ministry of Education 3381:Cancer Association of Botswana 3099:, which refers to the people, 2323:high level of economic freedom 2020:Foreign relations and military 1913:Umbrella for Democratic Change 1510:International Court of Justice 1331: 1201:Mfecane and Batswana-Boer Wars 1032: 981:Southern African Customs Union 514:4.1/km (10.6/sq mi) ( 1: 14295:Office of the Auditor General 13521:United States of Latin Africa 13215:Rural Economy and Agriculture 12992:Organisation of African Unity 9908:. BBC News (11 January 2006). 9854:. Africanlibraryproject.org. 8598:"Botswana U-PENN Partnership" 8523:. Gaborone. 3 December 2017. 7177:Political Parties in Botswana 7134:10.1080/02589001.2015.1021210 7092:"The Hierarchy of the Courts" 7069:10.1080/02589001.2017.1286636 6439:"Desertification in Botswana" 6373:Bunge, Bianca (31 May 2021). 5981:"Namibia General Information" 5925:"Seretse Khama (1921-1980) •" 5923:Zuber, David (4 April 2022). 5754:10.1080/07075332.1980.9640222 5700:Morton, Barry; Ramsay, Jeff. 5664:Morton, Barry; Ramsay, Jeff. 4236: 3686:International Cricket Council 3385:non-governmental organisation 3358:Scottish Livingstone Hospital 2611:Central Kalahari Game Reserve 2349:Gemstones and precious metals 2313:is responsible for promoting 2202:Districts of Botswana in 1977 2026:Foreign relations of Botswana 1688:Central Kalahari Game Reserve 1620:Biodiversity and conservation 1544:Köppen climate classification 1007:", referring to the dominant 906:migrated into southern Africa 14240:Transport and Communications 14180:Ministry of Entrepreneurship 13378:United States military bases 13374:United States Africa Command 11629:United States Virgin Islands 9700:"Botswana Bridge Federation" 9532:"Opinion the Academic World" 9403:Cunningham & Milton 1987 9314:10.1080/02582473.2014.898081 8715:Anaya, James (2 June 2010). 5336:UNESCO World Heritage Centre 5185:10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.04.006 4396:Selolwane, Onalenna (2002). 4241: 3799: 3127:, Yeyi, and, in some parts, 3064: 2062:bases respectively that the 1923:being re-elected president. 1682:The Chobe National Park and 1519: 1374:British South Africa Company 1041:The 'Two Rhino' painting at 998: 951:The economy is dominated by 942:Corruption Perceptions Index 873:to the south and southeast, 106:"Blessed Be This Noble Land" 7: 14321:Water Utilities Corporation 14024:British Antarctic Territory 13933:Ashmore and Cartier Islands 13205:HR, Sciences and Technology 10838:Geographic data related to 10829:Wikimedia Atlas of Botswana 10799:Central Intelligence Agency 10558:Charles, Thalefang (2016). 9923:www.collegescholarships.org 8580:Central Intelligence Agency 7508:Transparency International 7483:. pp. 14, 16, 21, 28. 7448:Economist Intelligence Unit 6896:10.1080/1357233042000322436 6279:"African wild dog | Canids" 4861:Anthropological Linguistics 4831:Central Intelligence Agency 4525:Central Intelligence Agency 4402:African Sociological Review 4372:Central Intelligence Agency 4344:Central Intelligence Agency 4313:Central Intelligence Agency 4004: 3756:with a time of 9.94 at the 3694:Africa Badminton Federation 3532: 3507:Folklore musician Sereetsi 3134: 3103:, which is one person, and 2355:Mining industry of Botswana 2319:International Monetary Fund 1887:(IEC). Botswana operates a 1072:peoples. Both groups speak 10: 14503: 14437:Southern African countries 14361:Law Enforcement and Prison 14316:Botswana Power Corporation 13459:African Economic Community 13264:Peace and Security Council 12971:African and Malagasy Union 11346:English speaking countries 10777:(Macmillan Botswana, 1984) 10562:. Mmegi Publishing House. 9506:"Sparks to fly at Diamond" 8978:"World Bank Botswana Data" 8096:. : Lulu Com. p. 66. 7518:. Retrieved 12 April 2024. 7309:Botswana Notes and Records 6946:Botswana Notes and Records 6592:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 5951:"Botswana country profile" 5593:Botswana Notes and Records 5489:Botswana Notes and Records 5427:Botswana Notes and Records 5165:Journal of Human Evolution 5011:. Scarecrow Press, p. 34; 4787:Collins English Dictionary 4696:(Report). United Nations. 3856: 3809: 3803: 3646:2012 Africa Cup of Nations 3636:Obed Itani Chilume Stadium 3565: 3478: 3474: 3469:University of Pennsylvania 3395: 3138: 3068: 2742: 2689: 2624: 2539:Native groups include the 2509: 2390: 2386: 2352: 2282: 2278: 2187: 2111: 2038:Botswana soldiers board a 2023: 1999:Transparency International 1786: 1623: 1534:Climate Change in Botswana 1523: 1335: 1282:. In 1852, a coalition of 1263:chiefdoms to rebuild. The 1204: 1047:UNESCO World Heritage Site 1025: 1021: 946:Transparency International 16:Country in Southern Africa 14360: 14340:Military and Intelligence 14339: 14308: 14262: 14251: 14152: 14102: 13998: 13973: 13923: 13914: 13891: 13596: 13534: 13503: 13482: 13434: 13397: 13384:United States ambassadors 13344: 13335: 13315: 13262: 13236: 13200:Social Affairs and Health 13195:Infrastructure and Energy 13175: 13157: 13129: 13096: 13078: 13055: 13046: 13013: 12941: 12858: 12828: 12807: 12800: 12714: 12641: 12621: 12590: 12569: 12548: 12527: 12516: 12500: 12484: 12471: 12439: 12428: 12146: 12136:Countries and territories 12080: 11968: 11938: 11884: 11866: 11745: 11732: 11723: 11682: 11638: 11471: 11451: 11438: 11429: 11425: 11404: 11368: 11364: 11353: 11339: 11299: 11248: 11181: 11133: 11124: 11069: 11060: 10996: 10987: 10950: 10941: 10930: 10919:Bechuanaland Protectorate 10904: 10728:10.1017/S0022278X00015202 10692:10.1017/S0022278X00007734 10067:"Global Innovation Index" 8367:www.botswanatourism.co.bw 8067:. mmegi.bw. 19 May 2017. 7932:Background Note: Botswana 7655:"2024 Global Peace Index" 7009:10.1007/s10602-006-0002-x 5716:– via academia.edu. 5676:– via academia.edu. 5555:10.1080/02582479708671276 5528:10.1080/02582479708671276 5240:10.1017/S0021853700029170 5064:10.1038/s41586-019-1714-1 3626: 3344: 3245: 3235: 3230: 3220: 3215: 3205: 3200: 3190: 3185: 3175: 3166: 3161: 3149: 2194:Sub-districts of Botswana 2085:, and supporting foreign 1901:Botswana Democratic Party 1853:, who serves as both the 1713:Botswana faces two major 1498:Botswana Democratic Party 1338:Bechuanaland Protectorate 1318:London Missionary Society 1197:, probably in the 1790s. 938:Botswana Democratic Party 889:, Botswana is one of the 837: 824: 811: 800: 795: 772: 760: 748: 736: 726: 718: 700: 685: 655: 630: 611: 592: 578: 559: 540: 522: 508: 498: 484: 477: 467: 453: 446: 442: 428: 424: 410: 394: 390: 379:National Assembly Speaker 375: 360: 345: 341: 328: 309: 251: 214: 204: 194: 150: 124: 93: 79: 45: 23: 14090:Turks and Caicos Islands 13159:African Court of Justice 12956:Decolonisation of Africa 12196:Central African Republic 12026:Northern Mariana Islands 11617:Turks and Caicos Islands 10769:– via harvard.edu. 10474:Leith, J. Clark (2005). 9769:. Stats.uis.unesco.org. 9728:. English Bridge Union. 9420:VISIONARY ART EXHIBITION 8870:16 December 2013 at the 8671:National Geographic News 8586:(Archived 2022 edition.) 8277:"Botswana Country Brief" 8090:Mugoti, Godfrey (2009). 7677:18 February 2018 at the 7303:Ntuane, Botsalo (2018). 5913:, accessed 11 June 2024. 4844:(Archived 2007 edition.) 4385:(Archived 2019 edition.) 4350:(Archived 2022 edition.) 4051: 3892:research and development 3371:throughout the country. 2512:Demographics of Botswana 2484:Morupule A Power Station 2480:Morupule B Power Station 2454:and Thapama Interchange 2184:Administrative divisions 2114:Human rights in Botswana 1818:Constitution of Botswana 1757:United States Government 1009:ethnic group in Botswana 922:Decolonisation of Africa 14373:Botswana Prison Service 14368:Botswana Police Service 14326:Botswana Fibre Networks 14215:Lands and Water Affairs 14210:Labour and Home Affairs 14185:Environment and Tourism 13950:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 13590:Commonwealth of Nations 13526:East African Federation 13516:United States of Africa 13254:African Investment Bank 11902:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 9904:3 February 2006 at the 7514:4 February 2023 at the 7474:"V-Dem Democracy Index" 7202:Hillbom & Bolt 2018 6538:. UNCCD. Archived from 5877:"Fireworks at Midnight" 3896:Global Innovation Index 3834:African Library Project 3770:Netball World Youth Cup 3704:won Botswana its first 3511:and traditional basket 3416:economic impact of AIDS 3123:, Kgalagadi, Tswapong, 2588:Zimbabweans in Botswana 2496:Mmamabula Power Station 2492:Phakalane Power Station 2404:Mokolodi Nature Reserve 2304:purchasing power parity 2172:On 24 August 2018, the 2155:Many of the indigenous 2097:) base in the country. 2083:preparing for disasters 2014:Commonwealth of Nations 1984:V-Dem Democracy Indices 1783:Government and politics 1303:Battle of Khutiyabasadi 1125:and clay pottery plate 989:Commonwealth of Nations 973:Human Development Index 971:and the second-highest 961:purchasing power parity 891:most sparsely populated 877:to the west and north, 500:• 2022 census 334:Unitary dominant-party 195:Official languages 14352:Botswana Defence Force 14146:Government of Botswana 14035:British Virgin Islands 13237:Financial institutions 13228:Cross-Cutting Programs 13131:Pan-African Parliament 11516:British Virgin Islands 11376:English-speaking world 11347: 11333:English-speaking world 10476:Why Botswana Prospered 10459:. Palgrave Macmillan. 9726:"English Bridge Union" 8892:"Health and nutrition" 8439:Government of Botswana 7444:"Democracy Index 2023" 7398:African Studies Review 7096:Government of Botswana 4983:10520/AJA00382353_5386 4415:10.4314/asr.v6i1.23203 4221: 4110: 3958: 3944:Square Kilometre Array 3933:foot-and-mouth disease 3904:rechargeable batteries 3871: 3867:Physicist in a lab at 3853:Science and technology 3847:University of Botswana 3838:Government of Botswana 3821: 3638: 3411: 3364: 3306:Seventh-day Adventists 2579: 2368: 2367:, richest in the world 2329:, despite consecutive 2294: 2211: 2203: 2147: 2064:Botswana Defence Force 2043: 2040:Botswana Defence Force 2030:Botswana Defence Force 1988:democratic backsliding 1962:and Jacob Nkate. When 1893:many political parties 1875:High Court of Botswana 1837:Parliament of Botswana 1830:centralised government 1814:parliamentary republic 1809: 1793:Government of Botswana 1700:Nxai Pan National Park 1635: 1569: 1546: 1490:Botswana Defence Force 1452: 1392: 1252: 1220: 1049: 930:parliamentary republic 902:Bantu-speaking peoples 551:$ 54.647 billion ( 99: 84: 29: 14008:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 13916:Dependent territories 13793:Saint Kitts and Nevis 13277:African Standby Force 13249:African Monetary Fund 12882:Common Monetary Area 12357:São Tomé and Príncipe 12216:Republic of the Congo 11954:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 11575:Saint Kitts and Nevis 11345: 10853:International Futures 10222:rapidmicromethods.com 9885:16 April 2014 at the 9269:World AIDS Day Report 9244:. 30 September 2022. 9029:Kallings, LO (2008). 8665:8 August 2016 at the 8303:"Letlhakane Overview" 8189:"Department of Mines" 8041:. Nationsonline.org. 6571:Nature Communications 4694:Specific country data 4652:Retrieved 30 May 2024 3956: 3866: 3819: 3812:Education in Botswana 3634: 3570:The national dish is 3440:anti-retroviral drugs 3405: 3356: 3296:Dutch Reformed Church 3071:Languages of Botswana 2577: 2362: 2300:gross national income 2292: 2209: 2201: 2190:Districts of Botswana 2145: 2037: 1881:Elections in Botswana 1851:President of Botswana 1806:President of Botswana 1800: 1633: 1564: 1541: 1526:Geography of Botswana 1516:belongs to Botswana. 1437: 1397:Union of South Africa 1386: 1243: 1214: 1040: 926:Commonwealth republic 603:$ 21.90 billion ( 469:• Water (%) 14447:Landlocked countries 14170:Defense and Security 13668:Eswatini (Swaziland) 13244:African Central Bank 11173:World Heritage Sites 10590:– via mit.edu. 10280:. 20 December 2020. 10224:. 20 December 2016. 9348:www.dailynews.gov.bw 8952:"Ministry of Health" 8195:on 10 September 2013 8012:Baten, Jörg (2016). 7872:"Botswana Districts" 7640:18 July 2017 at the 7102:on 18 February 2011. 6308:Moseley, William G. 6067:"Where is Botswana?" 5287:10.15184/aqy.2014.50 4582:www.statsbots.org.bw 4346:. 14 September 2022. 4222:Lefatshe la Botswana 3794:English Bridge Union 3772:. On 8 August 2024, 3398:HIV/AIDS in Botswana 3151:Religion in Botswana 3141:Religion in Botswana 2637:Census Botswana 2022 2532:/European Batswana, 2365:Jwaneng diamond mine 2315:business development 2052:South African armies 1952:Ponatshego Kedikilwe 1789:Politics of Botswana 1626:Wildlife of Botswana 869:. It is bordered by 855:Republic of Botswana 486:• 2023 estimate 430:• Established ( 30:Lefatshe la Botswana 25:Republic of Botswana 14482:Countries in Africa 14408:24.6583°S 25.9083°E 14404: / 14300:Statistics Botswana 14225:Minerals and Energy 13858:Trinidad and Tobago 13608:Antigua and Barbuda 12829:Secretaries-General 12613:Plazas de soberanía 12517:African territories 12457:unclear sovereignty 12442:States with limited 11611:Trinidad and Tobago 11488:Antigua and Barbuda 10965:Reservoirs and dams 10924:History of Gaborone 10775:History of Botswana 10629:1987EcBot..41..386C 10513:The Washington Post 10278:Botswana Daily News 10162:Botswana Daily News 10077:on 2 September 2021 10011:10.34667/tind.46596 9706:on 27 February 2008 9679:www.nbcolympics.com 8876:Pew Research Center 8557:on 21 January 2019. 8491:"Botswana Railways" 8217:. 9 February 2008. 7937:4 June 2019 at the 7672:Ditshwanelo Website 7594:6 July 2011 at the 7410:10.1017/asr.2021.69 7256:. 3 February 2017. 6817:10520/EJC-6a061f80d 6583:2020NatCo..11.5978G 5881:Britishempire.co.uk 5726:Parsons, N. (1998) 5205:Wilmsen, E. (1989) 5177:2014JHumE..75..153S 5114:. 28 October 2019. 5056:2019Natur.575..185C 4648:2 June 2024 at the 4261:"About Our Country" 4041:Outline of Botswana 3778:2024 Paris Olympics 3750:world junior record 3698:Botswana Golf Union 3538:Fatshe leno la rona 3481:Culture of Botswana 3311:Jehovah's Witnesses 2488:Orapa Power Station 2416:World Heritage Site 2393:Tourism in Botswana 2285:Economy of Botswana 1992:electoral autocracy 1958:faction was led by 1942:faction was led by 1899:state in which the 1684:Moremi Game Reserve 1652:Chobe National Park 1530:Climate of Botswana 1344:Scramble for Africa 1135:It is unclear when 1028:History of Botswana 712:Central Africa Time 321:Motswana (singular) 179:24.6583°S 25.9083°E 175: / 101:Fatshe leno la rona 14235:Trade and Industry 13495:African Border Day 13210:Trade and Industry 13185:Peace and Security 13177:ECOSOCC Committees 13111:Deputy Chairperson 12521:non-African states 11348: 11097:Telecommunications 10794:The World Factbook 10637:10.1007/BF02859055 10341:on 10 January 2019 9593:worldathletics.org 9512:on 14 January 2009 9450:www.botswana.co.za 9186:Harvard University 8958:on 24 October 2017 8687:Kubwa Five Safaris 8575:The World Factbook 8250:The New York Times 7793:. United Nations. 7767:. 7 January 2014. 7644:. U.S. Army Africa 7529:"Member countries" 6775:The World Factbook 6451:on 10 October 2010 6101:The World Factbook 6071:www.botswana.co.za 5650:Landau, P. (1995) 4826:The World Factbook 4617:. 2022. p. 12 4520:The World Factbook 4367:The World Factbook 4339:The World Factbook 4308:The World Factbook 4111:Land of the Tswana 3993:-powered devices. 3971:University of Oulu 3959: 3872: 3822: 3639: 3590:(maize porridge), 3412: 3365: 2580: 2369: 2295: 2212: 2204: 2178:minority languages 2148: 2137:Capital punishment 2102:Global Peace Index 2068:commander-in-chief 2044: 1889:multi-party system 1859:head of government 1826:Westminster system 1810: 1636: 1612:at a place called 1570: 1547: 1453: 1393: 1253: 1221: 1174:Toutswemogala Hill 1050: 977:Sub-Saharan Africa 969:standard of living 912:600. In 1885, the 859:landlocked country 588:2024 estimate 536:2024 estimate 216:Ethnic groups 143:Show map of Africa 14413:-24.6583; 25.9083 14387: 14386: 14381: 14380: 14112: 14111: 14098: 14097: 13955:Coral Sea Islands 13893:Associated states 13552: 13551: 13430: 13429: 13354:Foreign relations 13331: 13330: 13282:Panel of the Wise 13190:Political Affairs 13060:Executive Council 13003:Secretary General 12981:Sirte Declaration 12901: 12900: 12854: 12853: 12820:Kgalema Motlanthe 12673: 12672: 12637: 12636: 12512: 12511: 12232:Equatorial Guinea 12102: 12101: 12098: 12097: 12094: 12093: 12076: 12075: 12072: 12071: 11719: 11718: 11286: 11285: 11244: 11243: 11216:Human trafficking 11120: 11119: 11056: 11055: 11038:Political parties 11026:Human trafficking 11011:Foreign relations 10983: 10982: 10663:978-0-313-33178-7 10466:978-3-319-73144-5 10397:. 5 August 2016. 10395:botswanayouth.com 10371:on 9 January 2019 10194:. 6 August 2007. 10020:978-92-805-3432-0 9970:978-92-3-100129-1 9538:on 3 October 2006 8578:(2024 ed.). 8243:(8 August 2008). 8103:978-1-4357-2890-5 7987:Our World in Data 7564:Los Angeles Times 6437:Darkoh, Michael. 6409:www.itravelto.com 6132:. 20 March 2014. 5704:. pp. 7–11. 4829:(2024 ed.). 4692:Nations, United. 4523:(2024 ed.). 4452:. 28 March 2018. 4370:(2024 ed.). 4342:(2024 ed.). 4311:(2024 ed.). 3729:Kabelo Kgosiemang 3436:HIV/AIDS epidemic 3392:HIV/AIDS epidemic 3333:, and 700 of the 3250: 3249: 3061: 3060: 2526:the San (Basarwa) 2500:solar power plant 2471:Botswana Railways 2135:homosexual acts. 2060:Umkhonto we Sizwe 1921:Mokgweetsi Masisi 1841:National Assembly 1802:Mokgweetsi Masisi 1677:private ownership 1660:African elephants 1608:r meets with the 1380:in January 1896. 1356:Warren Expedition 1352:Berlin Conference 1286:chiefdoms led by 1121:Ruins Stone Wall 920:. As part of the 881:to the north and 853:, officially the 848: 847: 791: 790: 649:medium inequality 613:• Per capita 561:• Per capita 438:30 September 1966 404:National Assembly 355:Mokgweetsi Masisi 318:Batswana (plural) 205:National language 184:-24.6583; 25.9083 117: 14494: 14419: 14418: 14416: 14415: 14414: 14409: 14405: 14402: 14401: 14400: 14397: 14257: 14139: 14132: 14125: 14116: 14115: 14075:Pitcairn Islands 14045:Falkland Islands 13945:Christmas Island 13921: 13920: 13783:Papua New Guinea 13598:Sovereign states 13579: 13572: 13565: 13556: 13555: 13542: 13541: 13454:Development Bank 13342: 13341: 13224:Women and Gender 13220:Economic Affairs 13149:Gallagher Estate 13053: 13052: 12961:Casablanca Group 12928: 12921: 12914: 12905: 12904: 12893: 12885: 12877: 12869: 12805: 12804: 12700: 12693: 12686: 12677: 12676: 12661: 12649: 12648: 12525: 12524: 12482: 12481: 12434: 12228:(partly in Asia) 12148:Sovereign states 12129: 12122: 12115: 12106: 12105: 12037:Papua New Guinea 12005:Marshall Islands 11895:Christmas Island 11730: 11729: 11726: 11710:Pitcairn Islands 11540:Falkland Islands 11436: 11435: 11432: 11427: 11426: 11366: 11365: 11355: 11354: 11344: 11326: 11319: 11312: 11303: 11302: 11294:Related articles 11290: 11289: 11271: 11264: 11257: 11131: 11130: 11092: 11067: 11066: 10994: 10993: 10948: 10947: 10936: 10887: 10880: 10873: 10864: 10863: 10837: 10836: 10827: 10826: 10770: 10768: 10766: 10760: 10754:. Archived from 10713: 10703: 10667: 10648: 10604: 10591: 10589: 10587: 10578:. Archived from 10537: 10524: 10522: 10520: 10502: 10489: 10470: 10442: 10441: 10439: 10437: 10417: 10411: 10410: 10408: 10406: 10387: 10381: 10380: 10378: 10376: 10367:. Archived from 10357: 10351: 10350: 10348: 10346: 10337:. Archived from 10327: 10321: 10320: 10318: 10316: 10300: 10294: 10293: 10291: 10289: 10270: 10264: 10263: 10261: 10259: 10244: 10238: 10237: 10235: 10233: 10214: 10208: 10207: 10205: 10203: 10184: 10178: 10177: 10175: 10173: 10153: 10147: 10146: 10144: 10142: 10123: 10117: 10116: 10114: 10112: 10093: 10087: 10086: 10084: 10082: 10071:INSEAD Knowledge 10063: 10057: 10056: 10050: 10046: 10044: 10036: 10034: 10032: 9996: 9990: 9989: 9987: 9985: 9979: 9962: 9952: 9939: 9938: 9936: 9934: 9915: 9909: 9896: 9890: 9877: 9868: 9867: 9865: 9863: 9848: 9842: 9841: 9839: 9837: 9832:on 4 August 2012 9822: 9816: 9815: 9813: 9811: 9792: 9783: 9782: 9780: 9778: 9763: 9754: 9748: 9742: 9741: 9739: 9737: 9722: 9716: 9715: 9713: 9711: 9696: 9690: 9689: 9687: 9685: 9671: 9665: 9664: 9662: 9660: 9651:. 22 July 2019. 9645: 9639: 9638: 9636: 9634: 9615: 9609: 9608: 9606: 9604: 9585: 9579: 9578: 9576: 9574: 9554: 9548: 9547: 9545: 9543: 9528: 9522: 9521: 9519: 9517: 9502: 9496: 9495: 9494: 9492: 9472: 9466: 9465: 9463: 9461: 9442: 9436: 9435: 9433: 9431: 9412: 9406: 9400: 9394: 9393: 9391: 9389: 9374:"Botswana Music" 9370: 9364: 9363: 9361: 9359: 9340: 9334: 9333: 9297: 9291: 9290: 9289: 9287: 9281: 9275:, UNAIDS, 2011, 9274: 9264: 9258: 9257: 9255: 9253: 9234: 9228: 9227: 9225: 9223: 9208: 9202: 9201: 9199: 9197: 9171: 9165: 9164: 9162: 9160: 9122: 9116: 9115: 9113: 9111: 9105: 9098: 9094:"The Gap Report" 9090: 9069: 9068: 9050: 9026: 9020: 9019: 9017: 9015: 9000: 8994: 8993: 8991: 8989: 8974: 8968: 8967: 8965: 8963: 8954:. Archived from 8948: 8942: 8941: 8939: 8937: 8918: 8912: 8911: 8909: 8907: 8888: 8879: 8862: 8853: 8852: 8850: 8848: 8833: 8827: 8826: 8824: 8822: 8807: 8801: 8800: 8798: 8796: 8781: 8775: 8774: 8772: 8770: 8764: 8753: 8745: 8739: 8738: 8736: 8734: 8728: 8721: 8712: 8703: 8702: 8700: 8698: 8679: 8673: 8656: 8650: 8649: 8647: 8645: 8626: 8620: 8619: 8617: 8615: 8609: 8602: 8594: 8588: 8583: 8566: 8560: 8558: 8543: 8537: 8536: 8534: 8532: 8513: 8507: 8506: 8504: 8502: 8487: 8481: 8480: 8478: 8476: 8461: 8455: 8454: 8452: 8450: 8431: 8425: 8424: 8422: 8420: 8401: 8395: 8389: 8383: 8382: 8380: 8378: 8359: 8353: 8352: 8350: 8348: 8329: 8323: 8322: 8320: 8318: 8299: 8293: 8292: 8290: 8288: 8273: 8267: 8266: 8264: 8262: 8237: 8231: 8230: 8228: 8226: 8211: 8205: 8204: 8202: 8200: 8185: 8179: 8178: 8176: 8174: 8160: 8154: 8153: 8151: 8149: 8134: 8128: 8127: 8125: 8123: 8087: 8081: 8080: 8078: 8076: 8061: 8055: 8054: 8052: 8050: 8034: 8028: 8027: 8009: 8003: 8002: 8000: 7998: 7983:"GDP per capita" 7979: 7973: 7972: 7970: 7968: 7948: 7942: 7928: 7922: 7921: 7919: 7917: 7898: 7892: 7891: 7889: 7887: 7876:www.statoids.com 7868: 7862: 7861: 7856:. Archived from 7850: 7844: 7843: 7841: 7839: 7828:www.geonames.org 7820: 7807: 7806: 7804: 7802: 7787: 7781: 7780: 7778: 7776: 7757: 7746: 7745: 7743: 7741: 7735: 7728: 7719: 7713: 7712: 7710: 7708: 7688: 7682: 7668: 7662: 7661: 7659: 7651: 7645: 7631: 7625: 7624: 7622: 7620: 7605: 7599: 7586: 7580: 7579: 7577: 7575: 7555: 7549: 7548: 7546: 7544: 7525: 7519: 7506: 7500: 7499: 7497: 7495: 7489: 7478: 7470: 7464: 7463: 7461: 7459: 7440: 7434: 7433: 7431: 7429: 7389: 7383: 7382: 7380: 7378: 7354: 7345: 7344: 7342: 7340: 7300: 7294: 7288: 7282: 7276: 7270: 7269: 7267: 7265: 7246: 7240: 7239: 7237: 7235: 7211: 7205: 7199: 7193: 7192: 7190: 7188: 7172: 7166: 7165: 7163: 7161: 7113: 7104: 7103: 7098:. Archived from 7088: 7082: 7081: 7071: 7047: 7041: 7040: 7038: 7036: 6988: 6982: 6981: 6979: 6977: 6937: 6928: 6927: 6925: 6923: 6875: 6869: 6868: 6866: 6864: 6844: 6833: 6832: 6830: 6828: 6796: 6790: 6789: 6788: 6786: 6767: 6761: 6760: 6758: 6756: 6716: 6705: 6704: 6702: 6700: 6660: 6649: 6648: 6646: 6644: 6629: 6623: 6622: 6612: 6594: 6561: 6555: 6554: 6552: 6550: 6544: 6537: 6528: 6522: 6521: 6519: 6517: 6502: 6491: 6490: 6488: 6486: 6467: 6461: 6460: 6458: 6456: 6450: 6443: 6434: 6425: 6424: 6422: 6420: 6401: 6395: 6394: 6392: 6390: 6370: 6364: 6363: 6352: 6346: 6345: 6336: 6330: 6329: 6327: 6325: 6305: 6299: 6298: 6296: 6294: 6275: 6269: 6268: 6266: 6264: 6245: 6236: 6235: 6233: 6231: 6212: 6206: 6205: 6203: 6201: 6182: 6176: 6175: 6173: 6171: 6152: 6146: 6145: 6143: 6141: 6122: 6116: 6115: 6114: 6112: 6093: 6087: 6086: 6084: 6082: 6063: 6057: 6056: 6054: 6052: 6033: 6027: 6026: 6024: 6022: 6003: 5997: 5996: 5994: 5992: 5977: 5971: 5970: 5968: 5966: 5957:. 3 April 2018. 5947: 5941: 5940: 5938: 5936: 5920: 5914: 5903: 5897: 5896: 5894: 5892: 5873: 5867: 5866: 5864: 5862: 5843: 5837: 5836: 5834: 5832: 5813: 5807: 5806: 5804: 5802: 5793:. Archived from 5783: 5774: 5773: 5737: 5731: 5724: 5718: 5717: 5715: 5713: 5697: 5691: 5684: 5678: 5677: 5675: 5673: 5661: 5655: 5648: 5642: 5641: 5639: 5637: 5615: 5609: 5608: 5588: 5582: 5565: 5559: 5558: 5538: 5532: 5531: 5511: 5505: 5504: 5484: 5478: 5477: 5475: 5473: 5464:. pp. 5–9. 5457: 5451: 5450: 5422: 5416: 5399: 5393: 5392: 5384: 5376: 5370: 5369: 5353: 5347: 5346: 5344: 5342: 5328: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5314: 5281:(344): 361–377. 5266: 5260: 5259: 5223: 5217: 5203: 5197: 5196: 5159: 5153: 5152: 5150: 5148: 5134: 5128: 5127: 5125: 5123: 5102: 5096: 5095: 5093: 5091: 5030:Timmermann, Axel 5025: 5019: 5005: 4999: 4998: 4996: 4994: 4962: 4956: 4955: 4953: 4951: 4936: 4930: 4929: 4913: 4903: 4897: 4896: 4894: 4892: 4852: 4846: 4841: 4839: 4837: 4817: 4808: 4807: 4805: 4803: 4778: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4767: 4762:on 28 March 2017 4752: 4746: 4745: 4743: 4741: 4735: 4724: 4716: 4710: 4709: 4707: 4705: 4689: 4683: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4659: 4653: 4640: 4627: 4626: 4624: 4622: 4612: 4604: 4598: 4597: 4595: 4593: 4574: 4568: 4567: 4565: 4563: 4557: 4550: 4542: 4536: 4535: 4533: 4531: 4511: 4505: 4504: 4499: 4497: 4491: 4480: 4472: 4466: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4442: 4436: 4435: 4417: 4393: 4387: 4382: 4380: 4378: 4358: 4352: 4347: 4330: 4324: 4323: 4321: 4319: 4299: 4284: 4283: 4278: 4276: 4257: 4230: 4228: 4214: 4208: 4206: 4205: 4202: 4201: 4198: 4195: 4192: 4189: 4184: 4183: 4180: 4177: 4170: 4163: 4159: 4158: 4157: 4156: 4149: 4146: 4145: 4142: 4139: 4136: 4133: 4130: 4127: 4124: 4121: 4103: 4097: 4082: 4076: 4062: 4035: 4030: 4029: 4028: 4021: 4016: 4015: 4014: 3782:men's 200m final 3733:African champion 3731:is a three-time 3708:in 2012, taking 3535: 3504: 3493: 3316:Serbian Orthodox 3170: 3147: 3146: 2747: 2704: 2694: 2634: 2622: 2621: 2586:, the number of 2516:As of 2024, the 2445: 2434: 2002:Corruption Index 1948:Daniel Kwelagobe 1936:Kgabo Commission 1816:governed by the 1776:overexploitation 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1708:Makgadikgadi Pan 1704:Central District 1673:public ownership 1648:African wild dog 1542:Botswana map of 1292:Battle of Dimawe 1115: 1104: 1068:("Bushmen") and 793: 792: 786: 783: 781: 709: 676: 675: 669: 668: 662: 651: 650: 644: 643: 637: 621: 620: 602: 601: 585: 569: 568: 550: 549: 533: 385:Phandu Skelemani 370:Slumber Tsogwane 302:0.3% unspecified 190: 189: 187: 186: 185: 180: 176: 173: 172: 171: 168: 153:and largest city 144: 141: 134: 131: 119: 118: 104: 87: 67: 53: 40: 32: 21: 20: 14502: 14501: 14497: 14496: 14495: 14493: 14492: 14491: 14422: 14421: 14412: 14410: 14406: 14403: 14398: 14395: 14393: 14391: 14390: 14388: 14383: 14382: 14377: 14356: 14335: 14304: 14258: 14249: 14230:State President 14195:Foreign Affairs 14148: 14143: 14113: 14108: 14094: 13994: 13984:Ross Dependency 13969: 13910: 13887: 13828:Solomon Islands 13600: 13592: 13583: 13553: 13548: 13530: 13499: 13478: 13426: 13393: 13327: 13311: 13258: 13232: 13171: 13153: 13125: 13092: 13074: 13042: 13009: 12937: 12932: 12902: 12897: 12891: 12883: 12875: 12867: 12850: 12824: 12796: 12710: 12704: 12674: 12669: 12633: 12617: 12586: 12565: 12561:Pelagie Islands 12544: 12520: 12518: 12508: 12496: 12478: 12475: 12467: 12446: 12443: 12435: 12426: 12142: 12133: 12103: 12090: 12068: 12047:Solomon Islands 11964: 11934: 11880: 11862: 11741: 11724: 11715: 11678: 11634: 11467: 11447: 11430: 11421: 11400: 11360: 11349: 11335: 11330: 11295: 11287: 11282: 11274: 11267: 11260: 11253: 11240: 11177: 11163:Public holidays 11116: 11090: 11052: 10979: 10937: 10928: 10914:Bantu expansion 10900: 10891: 10834: 10824: 10785: 10780: 10764: 10762: 10761:on 3 April 2018 10758: 10711: 10706: 10664: 10651: 10617:Economic Botany 10585: 10583: 10582:on 18 July 2018 10573: 10554: 10552:Further reading 10531: 10529:General sources 10518: 10516: 10486: 10467: 10451: 10446: 10445: 10435: 10433: 10418: 10414: 10404: 10402: 10389: 10388: 10384: 10374: 10372: 10359: 10358: 10354: 10344: 10342: 10335:itwebafrica.com 10329: 10328: 10324: 10314: 10312: 10301: 10297: 10287: 10285: 10272: 10271: 10267: 10257: 10255: 10246: 10245: 10241: 10231: 10229: 10216: 10215: 10211: 10201: 10199: 10186: 10185: 10181: 10171: 10169: 10154: 10150: 10140: 10138: 10133:. 2 June 2017. 10125: 10124: 10120: 10110: 10108: 10103:. 6 July 2015. 10095: 10094: 10090: 10080: 10078: 10065: 10064: 10060: 10048: 10047: 10038: 10037: 10030: 10028: 10021: 9997: 9993: 9983: 9981: 9977: 9971: 9960: 9954: 9953: 9942: 9932: 9930: 9917: 9916: 9912: 9906:Wayback Machine 9897: 9893: 9887:Wayback Machine 9878: 9871: 9861: 9859: 9850: 9849: 9845: 9835: 9833: 9824: 9823: 9819: 9809: 9807: 9794: 9793: 9786: 9776: 9774: 9765: 9764: 9757: 9749: 9745: 9735: 9733: 9724: 9723: 9719: 9709: 9707: 9698: 9697: 9693: 9683: 9681: 9673: 9672: 9668: 9658: 9656: 9647: 9646: 9642: 9632: 9630: 9617: 9616: 9612: 9602: 9600: 9587: 9586: 9582: 9572: 9570: 9555: 9551: 9541: 9539: 9530: 9529: 9525: 9515: 9513: 9504: 9503: 9499: 9490: 9488: 9473: 9469: 9459: 9457: 9444: 9443: 9439: 9429: 9427: 9414: 9413: 9409: 9401: 9397: 9387: 9385: 9372: 9371: 9367: 9357: 9355: 9342: 9341: 9337: 9298: 9294: 9285: 9283: 9279: 9272: 9266: 9265: 9261: 9251: 9249: 9236: 9235: 9231: 9221: 9219: 9210: 9209: 9205: 9195: 9193: 9181:Harvard Gazette 9172: 9168: 9158: 9156: 9123: 9119: 9109: 9107: 9106:on 20 June 2016 9103: 9096: 9092: 9091: 9072: 9027: 9023: 9013: 9011: 9002: 9001: 8997: 8987: 8985: 8976: 8975: 8971: 8961: 8959: 8950: 8949: 8945: 8935: 8933: 8920: 8919: 8915: 8905: 8903: 8890: 8889: 8882: 8872:Wayback Machine 8863: 8856: 8846: 8844: 8839:. August 2017. 8835: 8834: 8830: 8820: 8818: 8809: 8808: 8804: 8794: 8792: 8783: 8782: 8778: 8768: 8766: 8762: 8751: 8747: 8746: 8742: 8732: 8730: 8726: 8719: 8713: 8706: 8696: 8694: 8681: 8680: 8676: 8667:Wayback Machine 8657: 8653: 8643: 8641: 8628: 8627: 8623: 8613: 8611: 8607: 8600: 8596: 8595: 8591: 8568: 8567: 8563: 8545: 8544: 8540: 8530: 8528: 8521:Sunday Standard 8515: 8514: 8510: 8500: 8498: 8489: 8488: 8484: 8474: 8472: 8463: 8462: 8458: 8448: 8446: 8433: 8432: 8428: 8418: 8416: 8403: 8402: 8398: 8390: 8386: 8376: 8374: 8361: 8360: 8356: 8346: 8344: 8331: 8330: 8326: 8316: 8314: 8307:Lotus Resources 8301: 8300: 8296: 8286: 8284: 8275: 8274: 8270: 8260: 8258: 8238: 8234: 8224: 8222: 8213: 8212: 8208: 8198: 8196: 8187: 8186: 8182: 8172: 8170: 8162: 8161: 8157: 8147: 8145: 8136: 8135: 8131: 8121: 8119: 8104: 8088: 8084: 8074: 8072: 8063: 8062: 8058: 8048: 8046: 8039:"GNI PPP table" 8035: 8031: 8024: 8010: 8006: 7996: 7994: 7981: 7980: 7976: 7966: 7964: 7949: 7945: 7939:Wayback Machine 7929: 7925: 7915: 7913: 7900: 7899: 7895: 7885: 7883: 7870: 7869: 7865: 7860:on 6 June 2017. 7852: 7851: 7847: 7837: 7835: 7822: 7821: 7810: 7800: 7798: 7789: 7788: 7784: 7774: 7772: 7759: 7758: 7749: 7739: 7737: 7733: 7726: 7720: 7716: 7706: 7704: 7689: 7685: 7679:Wayback Machine 7669: 7665: 7657: 7653: 7652: 7648: 7642:Wayback Machine 7632: 7628: 7618: 7616: 7607: 7606: 7602: 7596:Wayback Machine 7587: 7583: 7573: 7571: 7556: 7552: 7542: 7540: 7527: 7526: 7522: 7516:Wayback Machine 7507: 7503: 7493: 7491: 7487: 7476: 7472: 7471: 7467: 7457: 7455: 7442: 7441: 7437: 7427: 7425: 7390: 7386: 7376: 7374: 7355: 7348: 7338: 7336: 7301: 7297: 7289: 7285: 7277: 7273: 7263: 7261: 7248: 7247: 7243: 7233: 7231: 7212: 7208: 7200: 7196: 7186: 7184: 7173: 7169: 7159: 7157: 7114: 7107: 7090: 7089: 7085: 7048: 7044: 7034: 7032: 6989: 6985: 6975: 6973: 6938: 6931: 6921: 6919: 6876: 6872: 6862: 6860: 6845: 6836: 6826: 6824: 6797: 6793: 6784: 6782: 6769: 6768: 6764: 6754: 6752: 6717: 6708: 6698: 6696: 6661: 6652: 6642: 6640: 6631: 6630: 6626: 6562: 6558: 6548: 6546: 6545:on 24 July 2010 6542: 6535: 6529: 6525: 6515: 6513: 6504: 6503: 6494: 6484: 6482: 6469: 6468: 6464: 6454: 6452: 6448: 6441: 6435: 6428: 6418: 6416: 6403: 6402: 6398: 6388: 6386: 6371: 6367: 6354: 6353: 6349: 6338: 6337: 6333: 6323: 6321: 6306: 6302: 6292: 6290: 6277: 6276: 6272: 6262: 6260: 6247: 6246: 6239: 6229: 6227: 6222:. 1 July 2013. 6214: 6213: 6209: 6199: 6197: 6184: 6183: 6179: 6169: 6167: 6154: 6153: 6149: 6139: 6137: 6124: 6123: 6119: 6110: 6108: 6095: 6094: 6090: 6080: 6078: 6065: 6064: 6060: 6050: 6048: 6035: 6034: 6030: 6020: 6018: 6005: 6004: 6000: 5990: 5988: 5987:on 16 July 2011 5979: 5978: 5974: 5964: 5962: 5949: 5948: 5944: 5934: 5932: 5921: 5917: 5904: 5900: 5890: 5888: 5875: 5874: 5870: 5860: 5858: 5845: 5844: 5840: 5830: 5828: 5815: 5814: 5810: 5800: 5798: 5785: 5784: 5777: 5738: 5734: 5725: 5721: 5711: 5709: 5698: 5694: 5685: 5681: 5671: 5669: 5662: 5658: 5649: 5645: 5635: 5633: 5616: 5612: 5589: 5585: 5566: 5562: 5539: 5535: 5512: 5508: 5485: 5481: 5471: 5469: 5458: 5454: 5423: 5419: 5400: 5396: 5382: 5378: 5377: 5373: 5366:Rice University 5354: 5350: 5340: 5338: 5330: 5329: 5322: 5312: 5310: 5267: 5263: 5224: 5220: 5204: 5200: 5160: 5156: 5146: 5144: 5136: 5135: 5131: 5121: 5119: 5104: 5103: 5099: 5089: 5087: 5048:Nature Research 5026: 5022: 5006: 5002: 4992: 4990: 4963: 4959: 4949: 4947: 4938: 4937: 4933: 4926: 4904: 4900: 4890: 4888: 4853: 4849: 4835: 4833: 4819: 4818: 4811: 4801: 4799: 4780: 4779: 4775: 4765: 4763: 4754: 4753: 4749: 4739: 4737: 4733: 4722: 4718: 4717: 4713: 4703: 4701: 4690: 4686: 4676: 4674: 4661: 4660: 4656: 4650:Wayback Machine 4641: 4630: 4620: 4618: 4610: 4606: 4605: 4601: 4591: 4589: 4576: 4575: 4571: 4561: 4559: 4555: 4548: 4544: 4543: 4539: 4529: 4527: 4513: 4512: 4508: 4495: 4493: 4489: 4478: 4474: 4473: 4469: 4459: 4457: 4444: 4443: 4439: 4394: 4390: 4376: 4374: 4360: 4359: 4355: 4332: 4331: 4327: 4317: 4315: 4301: 4300: 4287: 4274: 4272: 4259: 4258: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4233: 4215: 4211: 4186: 4174: 4165: 4164: 4161: 4152: 4151: 4118: 4114: 4104: 4100: 4083: 4079: 4063: 4059: 4054: 4033:Botswana portal 4031: 4026: 4024: 4017: 4012: 4010: 4007: 3979:virtual tourism 3973:in Finland and 3861: 3855: 3814: 3808: 3802: 3721:Amantle Montsho 3682:track and field 3629: 3568: 3560:Kalahari Desert 3519: 3518: 3517: 3516: 3515: 3505: 3496: 3495: 3494: 3483: 3477: 3400: 3394: 3383:is a voluntary 3373:Life expectancy 3347: 3285:Roman Catholics 3252: 3251: 3243: 3228: 3213: 3198: 3183: 3168: 3143: 3137: 3077: 3069:Main articles: 3067: 3062: 2748: 2705: 2699: 2695: 2639: 2638: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2596:hunter-gatherer 2547:, Baherero and 2514: 2508: 2462: 2461: 2460: 2459: 2458: 2446: 2437: 2436: 2435: 2424: 2395: 2389: 2357: 2351: 2331:budget deficits 2287: 2281: 2196: 2188:Main articles: 2186: 2153: 2124:homosexual acts 2116: 2110: 2032: 2024:Main articles: 2022: 1960:Mompati Merafhe 1846:Ntlo ya Dikgosi 1795: 1787:Main articles: 1785: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1723:desertification 1692:Ghanzi District 1628: 1622: 1556:Kalahari Desert 1536: 1524:Main articles: 1522: 1514:Kasikili Island 1458: 1340: 1334: 1209: 1203: 1167:rhinoceros horn 1133: 1132: 1131: 1130: 1129: 1116: 1107: 1106: 1105: 1076:from the small 1074:click languages 1035: 1030: 1024: 1001: 975:of continental 936:, although the 867:Kalahari Desert 863:Southern Africa 787: 778: 777: 704: 673: 672: 671: 660: 648: 647: 646: 635: 614: 595: 583: 562: 543: 527: 511: 501: 490:2,417,596 ( 487: 470: 456: 435: 420: 401: 381: 366: 351: 324: 305: 284: 255: 247: 220: 183: 181: 177: 174: 169: 166: 164: 162: 161: 160: 154: 146: 145: 142: 135: 120: 109: 105: 88: 75: 74: 73: 68: 60: 59: 54: 41: 34: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 14500: 14490: 14489: 14484: 14479: 14474: 14469: 14464: 14459: 14454: 14449: 14444: 14439: 14434: 14385: 14384: 14379: 14378: 14376: 14375: 14370: 14364: 14362: 14358: 14357: 14355: 14354: 14349: 14343: 14341: 14337: 14336: 14334: 14333: 14328: 14323: 14318: 14312: 14310: 14306: 14305: 14303: 14302: 14297: 14292: 14287: 14282: 14277: 14272: 14266: 14264: 14260: 14259: 14252: 14250: 14248: 14247: 14242: 14237: 14232: 14227: 14222: 14217: 14212: 14207: 14202: 14197: 14192: 14187: 14182: 14177: 14172: 14167: 14162: 14156: 14154: 14150: 14149: 14142: 14141: 14134: 14127: 14119: 14110: 14109: 14103: 14100: 14099: 14096: 14095: 14093: 14092: 14087: 14082: 14077: 14072: 14067: 14062: 14057: 14052: 14047: 14042: 14040:Cayman Islands 14037: 14032: 14027: 14020: 14015: 14010: 14004: 14002: 14000:United Kingdom 13996: 13995: 13993: 13992: 13987: 13979: 13977: 13971: 13970: 13968: 13967: 13965:Norfolk Island 13962: 13957: 13952: 13947: 13942: 13935: 13929: 13927: 13918: 13912: 13911: 13909: 13908: 13903: 13897: 13895: 13889: 13888: 13886: 13885: 13880: 13875: 13873:United Kingdom 13870: 13865: 13860: 13855: 13850: 13845: 13840: 13835: 13830: 13825: 13820: 13815: 13810: 13805: 13800: 13795: 13790: 13785: 13780: 13775: 13770: 13765: 13760: 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13163: 13161: 13155: 13154: 13152: 13151: 13146: 13141: 13135: 13133: 13127: 13126: 13124: 13123: 13118: 13113: 13108: 13102: 13100: 13094: 13093: 13091: 13090: 13084: 13082: 13076: 13075: 13073: 13072: 13067: 13062: 13056: 13050: 13044: 13043: 13041: 13040: 13035: 13030: 13028:Extreme points 13025: 13019: 13017: 13011: 13010: 13008: 13007: 13006: 13005: 13000: 12988: 12983: 12978: 12973: 12968: 12966:Monrovia Group 12963: 12958: 12953: 12951:Pan-Africanism 12947: 12945: 12939: 12938: 12931: 12930: 12923: 12916: 12908: 12899: 12898: 12896: 12895: 12887: 12879: 12871: 12862: 12860: 12856: 12855: 12852: 12851: 12849: 12848: 12843: 12838: 12832: 12830: 12826: 12825: 12823: 12822: 12817: 12815:Levy Mwanawasa 12811: 12809: 12802: 12798: 12797: 12795: 12794: 12789: 12784: 12779: 12774: 12769: 12764: 12759: 12754: 12749: 12744: 12739: 12734: 12729: 12724: 12718: 12716: 12712: 12711: 12703: 12702: 12695: 12688: 12680: 12671: 12670: 12668: 12667: 12655: 12642: 12639: 12638: 12635: 12634: 12632: 12631: 12625: 12623: 12619: 12618: 12616: 12615: 12610: 12605: 12600: 12598:Canary Islands 12594: 12592: 12588: 12587: 12585: 12584: 12582:Savage Islands 12579: 12573: 12571: 12567: 12566: 12564: 12563: 12558: 12552: 12550: 12546: 12545: 12543: 12542: 12537: 12531: 12529: 12522: 12514: 12513: 12510: 12509: 12504: 12502: 12501:United Kingdom 12498: 12497: 12495: 12494: 12488: 12486: 12479: 12472: 12469: 12468: 12466: 12465: 12460: 12449: 12447: 12440: 12437: 12436: 12429: 12427: 12425: 12424: 12419: 12414: 12409: 12404: 12399: 12394: 12389: 12384: 12379: 12374: 12369: 12364: 12359: 12354: 12349: 12344: 12339: 12334: 12329: 12324: 12319: 12314: 12309: 12304: 12299: 12294: 12289: 12284: 12279: 12274: 12269: 12264: 12259: 12254: 12249: 12244: 12239: 12234: 12229: 12223: 12218: 12213: 12208: 12203: 12198: 12193: 12188: 12183: 12178: 12173: 12168: 12163: 12158: 12152: 12150: 12144: 12143: 12132: 12131: 12124: 12117: 12109: 12100: 12099: 12096: 12095: 12092: 12091: 12081: 12078: 12077: 12074: 12073: 12070: 12069: 12067: 12066: 12061: 12056: 12049: 12044: 12039: 12034: 12029: 12022: 12017: 12012: 12007: 12002: 11997: 11990: 11985: 11980: 11977:American Samoa 11972: 11970: 11966: 11965: 11963: 11962: 11957: 11950: 11942: 11940: 11936: 11935: 11933: 11932: 11927: 11922: 11917: 11912: 11905: 11898: 11890: 11888: 11882: 11881: 11879: 11878: 11870: 11868: 11864: 11863: 11861: 11860: 11855: 11850: 11845: 11840: 11835: 11830: 11825: 11820: 11815: 11810: 11805: 11800: 11795: 11790: 11785: 11780: 11775: 11770: 11765: 11760: 11755: 11749: 11747: 11743: 11742: 11740: 11739: 11727: 11721: 11720: 11717: 11716: 11714: 11713: 11706: 11703:Norfolk Island 11699: 11694: 11688: 11686: 11680: 11679: 11677: 11676: 11674:United Kingdom 11671: 11664: 11657: 11652: 11644: 11642: 11636: 11635: 11633: 11632: 11625: 11620: 11613: 11608: 11601: 11594: 11591:Sint Eustatius 11587: 11582: 11577: 11572: 11565: 11558: 11553: 11548: 11543: 11536: 11531: 11528:Cayman Islands 11524: 11519: 11512: 11505: 11500: 11495: 11490: 11485: 11477: 11475: 11469: 11468: 11466: 11465: 11457: 11455: 11449: 11448: 11446: 11445: 11433: 11423: 11422: 11420: 11419: 11414: 11408: 11406: 11402: 11401: 11399: 11398: 11393: 11388: 11386:British Empire 11383: 11378: 11372: 11370: 11362: 11361: 11351: 11350: 11340: 11337: 11336: 11329: 11328: 11321: 11314: 11306: 11300: 11297: 11296: 11284: 11283: 11281: 11280: 11273: 11272: 11265: 11258: 11250: 11249: 11246: 11245: 11242: 11241: 11239: 11238: 11233: 11228: 11223: 11218: 11213: 11208: 11203: 11198: 11196:Child marriage 11193: 11187: 11185: 11179: 11178: 11176: 11175: 11170: 11165: 11160: 11155: 11150: 11145: 11140: 11134: 11128: 11122: 11121: 11118: 11117: 11115: 11114: 11109: 11104: 11099: 11094: 11086: 11081: 11076: 11070: 11064: 11058: 11057: 11054: 11053: 11051: 11050: 11048:Vice-President 11045: 11040: 11035: 11030: 11029: 11028: 11023: 11013: 11008: 11003: 10997: 10991: 10985: 10984: 10981: 10980: 10978: 10977: 10972: 10967: 10962: 10957: 10951: 10945: 10939: 10938: 10931: 10929: 10927: 10926: 10921: 10916: 10910: 10908: 10902: 10901: 10890: 10889: 10882: 10875: 10867: 10861: 10860: 10855: 10846: 10831: 10821: 10812: 10802: 10784: 10783:External links 10781: 10779: 10778: 10771: 10722:(3): 499–521. 10704: 10675: 10668: 10662: 10649: 10623:(3): 386–402. 10612: 10605: 10592: 10571: 10555: 10553: 10550: 10530: 10527: 10526: 10525: 10503: 10490: 10484: 10471: 10465: 10450: 10447: 10444: 10443: 10412: 10382: 10352: 10322: 10295: 10265: 10239: 10209: 10179: 10148: 10131:deutschland.de 10118: 10088: 10058: 10049:|website= 10019: 9991: 9969: 9940: 9910: 9891: 9869: 9843: 9817: 9784: 9755: 9743: 9717: 9691: 9666: 9640: 9610: 9580: 9549: 9523: 9497: 9467: 9437: 9407: 9395: 9365: 9335: 9308:(3): 504–520. 9292: 9259: 9229: 9203: 9166: 9141:United Nations 9132:Africa Renewal 9117: 9070: 9041:(3): 218–243. 9021: 8995: 8969: 8943: 8913: 8896:www.unicef.org 8880: 8854: 8828: 8802: 8776: 8740: 8704: 8674: 8651: 8621: 8603:. p. 10. 8589: 8582:. 10 May 2022. 8561: 8538: 8508: 8482: 8456: 8426: 8409:whc.unesco.org 8396: 8384: 8354: 8324: 8294: 8279:. World Bank. 8268: 8232: 8206: 8180: 8155: 8129: 8102: 8082: 8056: 8029: 8022: 8004: 7974: 7943: 7923: 7893: 7863: 7845: 7808: 7782: 7747: 7714: 7683: 7663: 7646: 7626: 7600: 7581: 7550: 7520: 7501: 7465: 7435: 7404:(4): 854–883. 7384: 7369:(2): 343–360. 7346: 7295: 7283: 7271: 7241: 7206: 7194: 7167: 7128:(1): 105–120. 7105: 7083: 7042: 7003:(2): 103–115. 6983: 6929: 6870: 6855:(7): 135–142. 6834: 6791: 6762: 6706: 6650: 6624: 6556: 6523: 6492: 6475:Compton Herald 6462: 6426: 6396: 6365: 6347: 6331: 6300: 6283:www.canids.org 6270: 6237: 6207: 6177: 6147: 6117: 6088: 6058: 6028: 5998: 5972: 5942: 5915: 5898: 5868: 5838: 5808: 5797:on 3 June 2012 5775: 5748:(3): 453–484. 5732: 5719: 5692: 5679: 5668:. pp. 4–7 5656: 5643: 5618:Ramsay, Jeff. 5610: 5583: 5560: 5533: 5506: 5479: 5460:Morton, Fred. 5452: 5417: 5394: 5371: 5348: 5320: 5261: 5218: 5198: 5154: 5129: 5097: 5028:Chan, Eva KF; 5020: 5000: 4977:(4): 227–230. 4957: 4931: 4924: 4898: 4847: 4809: 4773: 4747: 4711: 4684: 4654: 4628: 4599: 4569: 4537: 4506: 4467: 4437: 4388: 4353: 4325: 4285: 4246: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4232: 4231: 4209: 4098: 4077: 4056: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4049: 4048: 4043: 4037: 4036: 4022: 4006: 4003: 3857:Main article: 3854: 3851: 3810:Main article: 3801: 3798: 3787:The card game 3774:Letsile Tebogo 3746:Letsile Tebogo 3741:Baboloki Thebe 3725:world champion 3628: 3625: 3567: 3564: 3506: 3499: 3498: 3497: 3488: 3487: 3486: 3485: 3484: 3479:Main article: 3476: 3473: 3428:antiretroviral 3396:Main article: 3393: 3390: 3346: 3343: 3319: 3318: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3292: 3287: 3282: 3277: 3248: 3247: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3233: 3232: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3218: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3203: 3202: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3188: 3187: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3173: 3172: 3165: 3163: 3159: 3158: 3145: 3144: 3139:Main article: 3136: 3133: 3089:Bantu language 3066: 3063: 3059: 3058: 3055: 3050: 3045: 3042: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3025: 3024: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3008: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2991: 2990: 2987: 2982: 2977: 2974: 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article: 2109: 2106: 2021: 2018: 2010:the Seychelles 1897:dominant-party 1863:vice-president 1812:Botswana is a 1784: 1781: 1738:million to 5.5 1669:primary forest 1656:Chobe District 1624:Main article: 1621: 1618: 1567:Okavango Delta 1521: 1518: 1457: 1454: 1336:Main article: 1333: 1330: 1270:Following the 1205:Main article: 1202: 1199: 1195:Okavango Delta 1117: 1110: 1109: 1108: 1099: 1098: 1097: 1096: 1095: 1034: 1031: 1026:Main article: 1023: 1020: 1000: 997: 993:United Nations 846: 845: 839: 835: 834: 826: 822: 821: 813: 809: 808: 802: 798: 797: 789: 788: 773: 770: 769: 764: 758: 757: 752: 746: 745: 740: 734: 733: 730: 724: 723: 720: 716: 715: 702: 698: 697: 687: 683: 682: 663: 653: 652: 638: 628: 627: 615: 612: 609: 608: 596: 593: 590: 589: 586: 576: 575: 570:$ 20,158 ( 563: 560: 557: 556: 544: 541: 538: 537: 534: 520: 519: 512: 510:• Density 509: 506: 505: 502: 499: 496: 495: 488: 485: 482: 481: 475: 474: 471: 468: 465: 464: 457: 454: 451: 450: 444: 443: 440: 439: 436: 429: 426: 425: 422: 421: 418:United Kingdom 415: 408: 407: 396: 392: 391: 388: 387: 382: 376: 373: 372: 367: 364:Vice-President 361: 358: 357: 352: 346: 343: 342: 339: 338: 332: 326: 325: 323: 322: 319: 315: 313: 307: 306: 304: 303: 300: 297: 291: 285: 283: 282: 281: 280: 274: 261: 258: 256: 253: 249: 248: 246: 245: 242: 236: 230: 223: 221: 218: 212: 211: 206: 202: 201: 196: 192: 191: 155: 152: 148: 147: 136: 126: 125: 122: 121: 107: 91: 90: 77: 76: 69: 62: 61: 55: 48: 47: 46: 43: 42: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14499: 14488: 14485: 14483: 14480: 14478: 14475: 14473: 14470: 14468: 14465: 14463: 14460: 14458: 14455: 14453: 14450: 14448: 14445: 14443: 14440: 14438: 14435: 14433: 14430: 14429: 14427: 14420: 14417: 14374: 14371: 14369: 14366: 14365: 14363: 14359: 14353: 14350: 14348: 14345: 14344: 14342: 14338: 14332: 14329: 14327: 14324: 14322: 14319: 14317: 14314: 14313: 14311: 14307: 14301: 14298: 14296: 14293: 14291: 14288: 14286: 14283: 14281: 14278: 14276: 14273: 14271: 14268: 14267: 14265: 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13851: 13849: 13846: 13844: 13841: 13839: 13836: 13834: 13831: 13829: 13826: 13824: 13821: 13819: 13816: 13814: 13811: 13809: 13806: 13804: 13801: 13799: 13796: 13794: 13791: 13789: 13786: 13784: 13781: 13779: 13776: 13774: 13771: 13769: 13766: 13764: 13761: 13759: 13756: 13754: 13751: 13749: 13746: 13744: 13741: 13739: 13736: 13734: 13731: 13729: 13726: 13724: 13721: 13719: 13716: 13714: 13711: 13709: 13706: 13704: 13701: 13699: 13696: 13694: 13691: 13689: 13686: 13684: 13681: 13679: 13676: 13674: 13671: 13669: 13666: 13664: 13661: 13659: 13656: 13654: 13651: 13649: 13646: 13644: 13641: 13639: 13636: 13634: 13631: 13629: 13626: 13624: 13621: 13619: 13616: 13614: 13611: 13609: 13606: 13605: 13603: 13599: 13595: 13591: 13587: 13580: 13575: 13573: 13568: 13566: 13561: 13560: 13557: 13545: 13537: 13536: 13533: 13527: 13524: 13522: 13519: 13517: 13514: 13512: 13509: 13508: 13506: 13502: 13496: 13493: 13491: 13488: 13487: 13485: 13481: 13475: 13472: 13470: 13467: 13465: 13462: 13460: 13457: 13455: 13452: 13449: 13448:Gold standard 13445: 13442: 13441: 13439: 13437: 13433: 13423: 13420: 13418: 13415: 13413: 13410: 13408: 13405: 13404: 13402: 13400: 13396: 13390: 13387: 13385: 13382: 13379: 13375: 13372: 13370: 13367: 13365: 13362: 13360: 13357: 13355: 13352: 13350: 13347: 13346: 13343: 13340: 13338: 13334: 13324: 13321: 13320: 13318: 13314: 13308: 13305: 13303: 13300: 13298: 13295: 13293: 13290: 13288: 13285: 13283: 13280: 13278: 13275: 13273: 13270: 13269: 13267: 13265: 13261: 13255: 13252: 13250: 13247: 13245: 13242: 13241: 13239: 13235: 13229: 13226: 13223: 13221: 13218: 13216: 13213: 13211: 13208: 13206: 13203: 13201: 13198: 13196: 13193: 13191: 13188: 13186: 13183: 13182: 13180: 13178: 13174: 13168: 13165: 13164: 13162: 13160: 13156: 13150: 13147: 13145: 13142: 13140: 13137: 13136: 13134: 13132: 13128: 13122: 13121:2025 election 13119: 13117: 13114: 13112: 13109: 13107: 13104: 13103: 13101: 13099: 13095: 13089: 13086: 13085: 13083: 13081: 13077: 13071: 13068: 13066: 13063: 13061: 13058: 13057: 13054: 13051: 13049: 13045: 13039: 13036: 13034: 13033:Member states 13031: 13029: 13026: 13024: 13021: 13020: 13018: 13016: 13012: 13004: 13001: 12999: 12996: 12995: 12994: 12993: 12989: 12987: 12984: 12982: 12979: 12977: 12974: 12972: 12969: 12967: 12964: 12962: 12959: 12957: 12954: 12952: 12949: 12948: 12946: 12944: 12940: 12936: 12935:African Union 12929: 12924: 12922: 12917: 12915: 12910: 12909: 12906: 12894: 12888: 12886: 12880: 12878: 12872: 12870: 12864: 12863: 12861: 12857: 12847: 12846:Tomaz Salomão 12844: 12842: 12841:Prega Ramsamy 12839: 12837: 12836:Kaire Mbuende 12834: 12833: 12831: 12827: 12821: 12818: 12816: 12813: 12812: 12810: 12806: 12803: 12799: 12793: 12790: 12788: 12785: 12783: 12780: 12778: 12775: 12773: 12770: 12768: 12765: 12763: 12760: 12758: 12755: 12753: 12750: 12748: 12745: 12743: 12740: 12738: 12735: 12733: 12730: 12728: 12725: 12723: 12720: 12719: 12717: 12715:Member states 12713: 12708: 12701: 12696: 12694: 12689: 12687: 12682: 12681: 12678: 12666: 12665: 12664:Africa portal 12660: 12656: 12654: 12653: 12644: 12643: 12640: 12630: 12627: 12626: 12624: 12620: 12614: 12611: 12609: 12606: 12604: 12601: 12599: 12596: 12595: 12593: 12589: 12583: 12580: 12578: 12575: 12574: 12572: 12568: 12562: 12559: 12557: 12554: 12553: 12551: 12547: 12541: 12538: 12536: 12533: 12532: 12530: 12526: 12523: 12519:fully part of 12515: 12507: 12503: 12499: 12493: 12490: 12489: 12487: 12483: 12480: 12477: 12470: 12464: 12461: 12458: 12454: 12451: 12450: 12448: 12445: 12438: 12433: 12423: 12420: 12418: 12415: 12413: 12410: 12408: 12405: 12403: 12400: 12398: 12395: 12393: 12390: 12388: 12385: 12383: 12380: 12378: 12375: 12373: 12370: 12368: 12365: 12363: 12360: 12358: 12355: 12353: 12350: 12348: 12345: 12343: 12340: 12338: 12335: 12333: 12330: 12328: 12325: 12323: 12320: 12318: 12315: 12313: 12310: 12308: 12305: 12303: 12300: 12298: 12295: 12293: 12290: 12288: 12285: 12283: 12280: 12278: 12275: 12273: 12272:Guinea-Bissau 12270: 12268: 12265: 12263: 12260: 12258: 12255: 12253: 12250: 12248: 12245: 12243: 12240: 12238: 12235: 12233: 12230: 12227: 12224: 12222: 12219: 12217: 12214: 12212: 12209: 12207: 12204: 12202: 12199: 12197: 12194: 12192: 12189: 12187: 12184: 12182: 12179: 12177: 12174: 12172: 12169: 12167: 12164: 12162: 12159: 12157: 12154: 12153: 12151: 12149: 12145: 12141: 12137: 12130: 12125: 12123: 12118: 12116: 12111: 12110: 12107: 12088: 12084: 12079: 12065: 12062: 12060: 12057: 12055: 12054: 12050: 12048: 12045: 12043: 12040: 12038: 12035: 12033: 12030: 12028: 12027: 12023: 12021: 12018: 12016: 12013: 12011: 12008: 12006: 12003: 12001: 11998: 11996: 11995: 11991: 11989: 11986: 11984: 11981: 11979: 11978: 11974: 11973: 11971: 11967: 11961: 11958: 11956: 11955: 11951: 11949: 11948: 11944: 11943: 11941: 11937: 11931: 11928: 11926: 11923: 11921: 11918: 11916: 11913: 11911: 11910: 11906: 11904: 11903: 11899: 11897: 11896: 11892: 11891: 11889: 11887: 11883: 11877: 11876: 11872: 11871: 11869: 11865: 11859: 11856: 11854: 11851: 11849: 11846: 11844: 11841: 11839: 11836: 11834: 11831: 11829: 11826: 11824: 11821: 11819: 11816: 11814: 11811: 11809: 11806: 11804: 11801: 11799: 11796: 11794: 11791: 11789: 11786: 11784: 11781: 11779: 11776: 11774: 11771: 11769: 11766: 11764: 11761: 11759: 11756: 11754: 11751: 11750: 11748: 11744: 11738: 11735: 11734: 11731: 11728: 11722: 11712: 11711: 11707: 11705: 11704: 11700: 11698: 11695: 11693: 11690: 11689: 11687: 11685: 11681: 11675: 11672: 11670: 11669: 11665: 11663: 11662: 11658: 11656: 11653: 11651: 11650: 11646: 11645: 11643: 11641: 11637: 11631: 11630: 11626: 11624: 11623:United States 11621: 11619: 11618: 11614: 11612: 11609: 11607: 11606: 11602: 11600: 11599: 11595: 11593: 11592: 11588: 11586: 11583: 11581: 11578: 11576: 11573: 11571: 11570: 11566: 11564: 11563: 11559: 11557: 11554: 11552: 11549: 11547: 11544: 11542: 11541: 11537: 11535: 11532: 11530: 11529: 11525: 11523: 11520: 11518: 11517: 11513: 11511: 11510: 11506: 11504: 11501: 11499: 11496: 11494: 11491: 11489: 11486: 11484: 11483: 11479: 11478: 11476: 11474: 11470: 11464: 11463: 11459: 11458: 11456: 11454: 11450: 11444: 11441: 11440: 11437: 11434: 11428: 11424: 11418: 11415: 11413: 11410: 11409: 11407: 11403: 11397: 11394: 11392: 11389: 11387: 11384: 11382: 11379: 11377: 11374: 11373: 11371: 11367: 11363: 11359:Further links 11356: 11352: 11338: 11334: 11327: 11322: 11320: 11315: 11313: 11308: 11307: 11304: 11298: 11291: 11279: 11276: 11275: 11270: 11266: 11263: 11259: 11256: 11252: 11251: 11247: 11237: 11234: 11232: 11229: 11227: 11224: 11222: 11219: 11217: 11214: 11212: 11209: 11207: 11206:Ethnic groups 11204: 11202: 11199: 11197: 11194: 11192: 11189: 11188: 11186: 11184: 11180: 11174: 11171: 11169: 11166: 11164: 11161: 11159: 11156: 11154: 11151: 11149: 11146: 11144: 11141: 11139: 11136: 11135: 11132: 11129: 11127: 11123: 11113: 11110: 11108: 11105: 11103: 11100: 11098: 11095: 11093: 11087: 11085: 11082: 11080: 11077: 11075: 11072: 11071: 11068: 11065: 11063: 11059: 11049: 11046: 11044: 11041: 11039: 11036: 11034: 11031: 11027: 11024: 11022: 11019: 11018: 11017: 11014: 11012: 11009: 11007: 11004: 11002: 10999: 10998: 10995: 10992: 10990: 10986: 10976: 10973: 10971: 10968: 10966: 10963: 10961: 10958: 10956: 10953: 10952: 10949: 10946: 10944: 10940: 10935: 10925: 10922: 10920: 10917: 10915: 10912: 10911: 10909: 10907: 10903: 10899: 10895: 10888: 10883: 10881: 10876: 10874: 10869: 10868: 10865: 10859: 10856: 10854: 10850: 10847: 10845: 10844:OpenStreetMap 10841: 10832: 10830: 10822: 10820: 10816: 10813: 10810: 10809:UCB Libraries 10806: 10803: 10800: 10796: 10795: 10790: 10787: 10786: 10776: 10772: 10757: 10753: 10749: 10745: 10741: 10737: 10733: 10729: 10725: 10721: 10717: 10710: 10705: 10701: 10697: 10693: 10689: 10685: 10681: 10676: 10673: 10669: 10665: 10659: 10655: 10650: 10646: 10642: 10638: 10634: 10630: 10626: 10622: 10618: 10613: 10610: 10606: 10602: 10598: 10593: 10581: 10577: 10572: 10569: 10568:9789996845413 10565: 10561: 10557: 10556: 10549: 10547: 10546: 10541: 10536: 10515: 10514: 10509: 10504: 10500: 10496: 10491: 10487: 10485:0-7735-2820-2 10481: 10477: 10472: 10468: 10462: 10458: 10453: 10452: 10431: 10427: 10423: 10416: 10400: 10396: 10392: 10386: 10370: 10366: 10362: 10356: 10340: 10336: 10332: 10326: 10310: 10306: 10299: 10283: 10279: 10275: 10269: 10253: 10249: 10243: 10227: 10223: 10219: 10213: 10197: 10193: 10189: 10183: 10167: 10163: 10159: 10152: 10136: 10132: 10128: 10122: 10106: 10102: 10101:Quartz Africa 10098: 10092: 10076: 10072: 10068: 10062: 10054: 10042: 10026: 10022: 10016: 10012: 10008: 10004: 10003: 9999:WIPO (2022). 9995: 9976: 9972: 9966: 9959: 9958: 9951: 9949: 9947: 9945: 9928: 9924: 9920: 9914: 9907: 9903: 9900: 9895: 9888: 9884: 9881: 9876: 9874: 9857: 9853: 9847: 9831: 9827: 9821: 9805: 9801: 9797: 9791: 9789: 9772: 9768: 9762: 9760: 9752: 9747: 9731: 9727: 9721: 9705: 9701: 9695: 9680: 9676: 9670: 9654: 9650: 9644: 9628: 9624: 9620: 9614: 9598: 9594: 9590: 9584: 9568: 9564: 9560: 9553: 9537: 9533: 9527: 9511: 9507: 9501: 9486: 9482: 9478: 9471: 9455: 9451: 9447: 9441: 9425: 9421: 9417: 9411: 9404: 9399: 9383: 9379: 9375: 9369: 9353: 9349: 9345: 9339: 9331: 9327: 9323: 9319: 9315: 9311: 9307: 9303: 9296: 9278: 9271: 9270: 9263: 9247: 9243: 9239: 9233: 9217: 9213: 9207: 9191: 9187: 9183: 9182: 9177: 9170: 9154: 9150: 9146: 9142: 9138: 9134: 9133: 9128: 9121: 9102: 9095: 9089: 9087: 9085: 9083: 9081: 9079: 9077: 9075: 9066: 9062: 9058: 9054: 9049: 9044: 9040: 9036: 9032: 9025: 9009: 9005: 8999: 8983: 8979: 8973: 8957: 8953: 8947: 8931: 8927: 8923: 8917: 8901: 8897: 8893: 8887: 8885: 8877: 8873: 8869: 8866: 8861: 8859: 8842: 8838: 8832: 8816: 8812: 8806: 8790: 8786: 8780: 8761: 8757: 8750: 8744: 8725: 8718: 8711: 8709: 8692: 8688: 8684: 8678: 8672: 8668: 8664: 8661: 8655: 8639: 8635: 8631: 8625: 8606: 8599: 8593: 8587: 8581: 8577: 8576: 8571: 8565: 8556: 8552: 8548: 8542: 8526: 8522: 8518: 8512: 8496: 8492: 8486: 8470: 8466: 8460: 8444: 8440: 8436: 8430: 8414: 8410: 8406: 8400: 8393: 8388: 8372: 8368: 8364: 8358: 8342: 8338: 8337:www.11ikc.com 8334: 8328: 8312: 8308: 8304: 8298: 8282: 8278: 8272: 8256: 8252: 8251: 8246: 8242: 8236: 8220: 8216: 8210: 8194: 8190: 8184: 8169: 8165: 8159: 8143: 8139: 8133: 8117: 8113: 8109: 8105: 8099: 8095: 8094: 8086: 8070: 8066: 8060: 8044: 8040: 8033: 8025: 8023:9781107507180 8019: 8015: 8008: 7992: 7988: 7984: 7978: 7962: 7958: 7957:Africa Portal 7954: 7947: 7940: 7936: 7933: 7927: 7911: 7907: 7903: 7897: 7881: 7877: 7873: 7867: 7859: 7855: 7849: 7833: 7829: 7825: 7819: 7817: 7815: 7813: 7796: 7792: 7786: 7770: 7766: 7762: 7756: 7754: 7752: 7732: 7729:. p. 3. 7725: 7718: 7702: 7698: 7694: 7687: 7680: 7676: 7673: 7667: 7656: 7650: 7643: 7639: 7636: 7630: 7614: 7610: 7604: 7597: 7593: 7590: 7585: 7569: 7565: 7561: 7554: 7538: 7534: 7530: 7524: 7517: 7513: 7510: 7505: 7486: 7482: 7475: 7469: 7453: 7449: 7445: 7439: 7423: 7419: 7415: 7411: 7407: 7403: 7399: 7395: 7388: 7372: 7368: 7364: 7360: 7353: 7351: 7334: 7330: 7326: 7322: 7318: 7314: 7310: 7306: 7299: 7293:, p. 58. 7292: 7287: 7280: 7275: 7259: 7255: 7251: 7245: 7229: 7225: 7221: 7217: 7210: 7204:, p. 74. 7203: 7198: 7182: 7178: 7171: 7155: 7151: 7147: 7143: 7139: 7135: 7131: 7127: 7123: 7119: 7112: 7110: 7101: 7097: 7093: 7087: 7079: 7075: 7070: 7065: 7061: 7057: 7053: 7046: 7030: 7026: 7022: 7018: 7014: 7010: 7006: 7002: 6998: 6994: 6987: 6971: 6967: 6963: 6959: 6955: 6951: 6947: 6943: 6936: 6934: 6917: 6913: 6909: 6905: 6901: 6897: 6893: 6889: 6885: 6881: 6874: 6858: 6854: 6850: 6843: 6841: 6839: 6822: 6818: 6814: 6810: 6806: 6802: 6795: 6780: 6776: 6772: 6766: 6750: 6746: 6742: 6738: 6734: 6730: 6726: 6722: 6715: 6713: 6711: 6694: 6690: 6686: 6682: 6678: 6674: 6670: 6666: 6659: 6657: 6655: 6638: 6634: 6628: 6620: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6602: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6584: 6580: 6576: 6572: 6568: 6560: 6541: 6534: 6527: 6511: 6507: 6501: 6499: 6497: 6480: 6476: 6472: 6466: 6447: 6440: 6433: 6431: 6414: 6410: 6406: 6400: 6384: 6380: 6379:Secret Africa 6376: 6369: 6361: 6357: 6351: 6343: 6342: 6335: 6319: 6315: 6311: 6304: 6288: 6284: 6280: 6274: 6258: 6254: 6250: 6244: 6242: 6225: 6221: 6217: 6211: 6195: 6191: 6187: 6181: 6165: 6161: 6157: 6151: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6121: 6106: 6102: 6098: 6092: 6076: 6072: 6068: 6062: 6046: 6042: 6041:www.goway.com 6038: 6032: 6016: 6012: 6008: 6002: 5986: 5982: 5976: 5960: 5956: 5952: 5946: 5930: 5926: 5919: 5912: 5908: 5902: 5886: 5882: 5878: 5872: 5856: 5852: 5848: 5842: 5826: 5822: 5818: 5812: 5796: 5792: 5788: 5782: 5780: 5771: 5767: 5763: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5743: 5736: 5729: 5723: 5707: 5703: 5696: 5689: 5683: 5667: 5660: 5653: 5647: 5631: 5627: 5626: 5621: 5614: 5606: 5602: 5598: 5594: 5587: 5581: 5580:9781920287702 5577: 5573: 5569: 5564: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5537: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5510: 5502: 5498: 5494: 5490: 5483: 5467: 5463: 5456: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5428: 5421: 5415: 5414:9781920287702 5411: 5407: 5403: 5398: 5390: 5389: 5381: 5375: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5352: 5337: 5333: 5327: 5325: 5308: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5265: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5233: 5229: 5222: 5216: 5215:9780226900155 5212: 5208: 5202: 5194: 5190: 5186: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5166: 5158: 5143: 5139: 5133: 5117: 5113: 5112: 5107: 5101: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5057: 5053: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5040: 5035: 5031: 5024: 5018: 5017:9780810854673 5014: 5010: 5004: 4988: 4984: 4980: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4961: 4945: 4941: 4935: 4927: 4925:9780823920082 4921: 4917: 4912: 4911: 4902: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4851: 4845: 4832: 4828: 4827: 4822: 4816: 4814: 4797: 4793: 4792:HarperCollins 4789: 4788: 4783: 4777: 4761: 4757: 4751: 4732: 4728: 4721: 4715: 4699: 4695: 4688: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4658: 4651: 4647: 4644: 4643:IMF, Botswana 4639: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4616: 4609: 4603: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4573: 4554: 4551:. p. 9. 4547: 4541: 4526: 4522: 4521: 4516: 4510: 4503: 4488: 4484: 4477: 4471: 4455: 4451: 4450:Bloomberg.com 4447: 4441: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4407: 4403: 4399: 4392: 4386: 4373: 4369: 4368: 4363: 4357: 4351: 4345: 4341: 4340: 4335: 4329: 4314: 4310: 4309: 4304: 4298: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4290: 4282: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4256: 4254: 4252: 4247: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4213: 4204: 4168: 4155: 4148: 4112: 4108: 4102: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4081: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4061: 4057: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4038: 4034: 4023: 4020: 4019:Africa portal 4009: 4002: 3999: 3994: 3992: 3988: 3987:mobile phones 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3955: 3951: 3949: 3945: 3940: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3909: 3908:solar charger 3905: 3899: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3882:for 2016 and 3881: 3877: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3850: 3848: 3842: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3826: 3818: 3813: 3807: 3797: 3795: 3790: 3785: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3742: 3738: 3737:Isaac Makwala 3734: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3717: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3706:Olympic medal 3703: 3699: 3696:in 1991. The 3695: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3650:national team 3647: 3643: 3637: 3633: 3624: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3580: 3577: 3573: 3563: 3561: 3556: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3541: 3539: 3534: 3529: 3525: 3514: 3510: 3503: 3492: 3482: 3472: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3448: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3432: 3429: 3424: 3422: 3421:AIDS pandemic 3417: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3389: 3386: 3382: 3377: 3374: 3370: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3342: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3325:(mainly from 3324: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3293: 3291: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3272: 3271: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3240: 3238: 3234: 3225: 3223: 3219: 3210: 3208: 3204: 3195: 3193: 3189: 3180: 3178: 3174: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3142: 3132: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3115:(Sekalanga), 3114: 3109: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3076: 3072: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3043: 3040: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3027: 3026: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3009: 3006: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2993: 2992: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2959: 2958: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2925: 2924: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2907: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2890: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2873: 2870: 2868: 2865: 2863: 2860: 2857: 2856: 2852: 2850: 2847: 2845: 2842: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2823: 2822: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2789: 2788: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2776:Selibe Phikwe 2774: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2755: 2754: 2751: 2746: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2729: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2665: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2642: 2623: 2619: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2599: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2576: 2572: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 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fair 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1855:head of state 1852: 1848: 1847: 1842: 1838: 1833: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1807: 1804:has been the 1803: 1799: 1794: 1790: 1780: 1777: 1773: 1768: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1752: 1731: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1715:environmental 1711: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1680: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1632: 1627: 1617: 1615: 1611: 1610:Zambezi River 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1574:Limpopo River 1568: 1563: 1559: 1557: 1553: 1545: 1540: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1517: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1506:Caprivi Strip 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1474: 1472: 1471:Seretse Khama 1468: 1464: 1450: 1447: 1443: 1440: 1439:Seretse Khama 1436: 1432: 1428: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1390: 1385: 1381: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1365: 1363: 1362: 1361:fait accompli 1357: 1353: 1349: 1348:German Empire 1345: 1339: 1329: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 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