243:, he was appointed director in 1978. He was president of American Association of Applied Linguistics (1984). He was named Jubilee Professor of Liberal Arts and Sciences at Illinois in 1992. In 1998, he became the Sir Edward Youde Memorial Fund Visiting Professor at Hong Kong University. He went on to become the president of the
239:, Braj headed the Department of Linguistics (1968–79), directed the Division of English as an International Language (1985–91), and was director of the Center for Advanced Study (June 1996 – January 2000). At the Linguistic Institute of the
335:, which includes countries where English is not the native tongue, but is important for historical reasons and plays a part in the nation's institutions, either as an official language or otherwise. This circle includes
429:
countries) is 'norm-developing'. The expanding circle, which includes much of the rest of the world, is 'norm-dependent' because it relies on the standards set by native speakers in the inner circle.
1016:
188:. Lala Sahab and his friends and colleagues had discussions on politics, literature and philosophy at his house. During their visits, Braj had the opportunity to interact with
991:
410:, and other nations. The total in this expanding circle is the most difficult to estimated because English may be employed for specific, limited purposes, usually
367:, non-Anglophone South Africa and Canada, etc. The total number of English speakers in the outer circle is estimated to range from 150 million to 300 million.
328:
territories. The total number of
English speakers in the inner circle is as high as 380 million, of whom some 120 million are outside the United States.
824:
909:
986:
227:
He researched in the fields of World
Englishes and Kashmiri language and published several books and research papers related to the field.
758:
166:
966:
790:
252:
374:
encompasses those countries where
English plays no historical or governmental role, but where it is nevertheless widely used as a
961:
536:
49:
459:
446:
763:
1001:
1011:
996:
240:
783:
619:
1006:
956:
981:
976:
605:
971:
309:
To better understand the use of
English in different countries, Kachru conceived the idea of three
776:
200:
320:
represents the traditional bases of
English: the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia,
236:
592:
951:
946:
196:
8:
881:
813:
216:
857:
829:
734:
569:
532:
310:
417:
The inner circle (UK, US, etc.) is 'norm-providing'. That means that
English language
869:
455:
442:
418:
170:
730:
585:"An analysis of some features of Indian English : a study in linguistic method"
726:
565:
426:
411:
375:
159:
106:
96:
69:
498:
439:
The alchemy of
English: the spread, functions, and models of non-native Englishes
304:
244:
212:
285:
The
Alchemy of English: The Spread, Functions and Models of Non-Native Englishes
925:
875:
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673:
422:
650:
940:
863:
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654:
379:
208:
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147:
135:
919:
887:
851:
695:
344:
321:
162:
53:
584:
914:
738:
348:
182:
414:. The estimates of these users range from 100 million to one billion.
382:. This includes much of the rest of the world's population, including
754:
541:
509:
487:
476:
407:
325:
256:
627:
360:
356:
352:
45:
768:
340:
395:
387:
251:
of the
Central Institute of English and Foreign Languages, now
88:
1017:
Presidents of the
American Association for Applied Linguistics
403:
399:
391:
383:
364:
336:
92:
289:
Contributor to the Cambridge History of the English Language
181:
Braj Bihari Kachru was a friend of Kashmiri poet and writer
127:
Joint First Prize, Duke of Edinburgh Book Competition (1987)
452:
World Englishes: critical concepts in linguistics, Volume 4
473:
Braj B. Kachru's scholarly publications: A bibliography.
471:
Bolton, Kingsley, Daniel R. Davis, and S. N. Sridhar.:
648:
269:
Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural development
537:"Soft Power: Indianisation of the English language"
273:
International Journal of the Sociology of Languages
421:are developed in these countries – English is the
165:. He was Jubilee Professor of Linguistics at the
938:
992:University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign faculty
499:https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405198431.wbeal1330
506:The intellectual trajectory of Braj B. Kachru.
324:, Ireland, anglophone Canada, and some of the
784:
649:Czerniakowski, Michael, ed. (7 August 2016).
245:International Association for World Englishes
676:. CAS (Centre of Advanced Studies, Illinois)
293:The Oxford Companion to the English Language
620:"Kachru.com: Braj Kachru and Yamuna Kachru"
230:
192:and his father's other teacher colleagues.
791:
777:
759:University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
287:, Kachru is also the associate editor for
267:Kachru has been on the editorial board of
167:University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
158:(15 May 1932 – 29 July 2016) was an
531:
454:, Publisher: Taylor & Francis, 2006,
298:
556:"Braj B Kachru: A Biographical Sketch".
253:English and Foreign Languages University
696:"Writers and Columnists: Braj B Kachru"
674:"CAS Professor Emeritus of Linguistics"
939:
582:
497:Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics.
772:
716:
668:
666:
664:
527:
525:
504:Sridhar, S. N. and Kamal K. Sridhar:
441:, University of Illinois Press, 1990
549:
262:
987:American people of Kashmiri descent
13:
798:
764:Braj Kachru: A Biographical Sketch
661:
570:10.1111/j.1467-971X.1992.tb00053.x
522:
510:https://doi.org/10.1111/weng.12415
488:https://doi.org/10.1111/weng.12384
477:https://doi.org/10.1111/weng.12411
465:
281:Linguistics and the Human Sciences
14:
1028:
748:
717:Bhatt (2001). "World Englishes".
425:there. The outer circle (mainly
176:
967:Scholars from Jammu and Kashmir
731:10.1146/annurev.anthro.30.1.527
432:
203:. His wife was fellow linguist
710:
688:
642:
612:
576:
247:(1997–99), and eventually the
169:. He published studies on the
1:
962:20th-century Indian linguists
719:Annual Review of Anthropology
516:
241:Linguistic Society of America
80:Linguist, author, journalist
7:
484:Remembering Braj B. Kachru.
219:. He died on 29 July 2016.
16:Indian linguist (1932–2016)
10:
1033:
651:"Obituary: Braj B. Kachru"
302:
897:
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806:
222:
141:
131:
123:
112:
102:
84:
76:
59:
30:
23:
583:Kachru, Braj B. (1962).
482:Hilgendorf, Suzanne K.:
231:Scholar and educationist
199:in Linguistics from the
195:In 1962 Kachru gained a
283:. Along with authoring
201:University of Edinburgh
600:Cite journal requires
533:Paranjape, Makarand R.
299:The circles of English
237:University of Illinois
117:The Alchemy of English
1002:Linguists of Kashmiri
1012:Linguists of English
997:People from Srinagar
564:(2–3): 91–94. 1992.
535:(31 December 2016).
882:Varadaraja V. Raman
814:Meenakshi Mukherjee
217:Stanford University
1007:Linguists of Hindi
858:Yasmine Gooneratne
830:Makarand Paranjape
508:World Englishes.
493:Nelson, Cecil L.:
475:World Englishes.
311:concentric circles
291:and the acclaimed
259:, India, in 2001.
156:Braj Bihari Kachru
34:Braj Bihari Kachru
957:Applied linguists
934:
933:
870:Harsha V. Dehejia
486:World Englishes.
313:of the language.
263:Writer and author
215:and professor at
171:Kashmiri language
153:
152:
50:Kashmir and Jammu
1024:
982:Kashmiri writers
977:Kashmiri Pandits
793:
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626:. Archived from
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574:
573:
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501:(November, 2012)
427:New Commonwealth
412:business English
376:foreign language
372:expanding circle
70:Urbana, Illinois
66:
42:
40:
21:
20:
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972:Kashmiri Hindus
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558:World Englishes
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495:Kachru, Braj B.
468:
466:Further reading
435:
331:Next comes the
307:
305:World Englishes
301:
277:Asian Englishes
265:
249:Honorary Fellow
233:
225:
213:string theorist
179:
160:Indian-American
146:
107:Indian-American
68:
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44:
38:
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26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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926:Alastair Niven
923:
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907:
900:Advisory Board
898:
895:
894:
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891:
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876:David Dabydeen
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861:
855:
845:
842:
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800:Raja Rao Award
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788:
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749:External links
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745:
744:
725:(1): 527–550.
709:
698:. ikashmir.net
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630:on 28 May 2015
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423:first language
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124:Notable awards
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67:(aged 84)
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864:Edwin Thumboo
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843:
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835:Edwin Thumboo
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825:Victor Ramraj
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655:Linguist List
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460:0-415-31509-3
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447:0-252-06172-1
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380:lingua franca
377:
373:
370:Finally, the
368:
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210:
209:Shamit Kachru
207:. Their son,
206:
205:Yamuna Kachru
202:
198:
193:
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187:
184:
177:Personal life
174:
172:
168:
164:
161:
157:
149:
148:Shamit Kachru
144:
140:
137:
136:Yamuna Kachru
134:
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118:
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113:Notable works
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62:
58:
55:
54:British India
51:
47:
33:
29:
22:
19:
920:Vijay Mishra
910:Malashri Lal
904:
899:
888:Vijay Mishra
852:K. S. Maniam
846:
819:
809:Jury members
808:
755:Faculty Page
722:
718:
712:
700:. Retrieved
690:
678:. Retrieved
644:
632:. Retrieved
628:the original
623:
614:
593:cite journal
578:
561:
557:
551:
540:
512:(July, 2019)
505:
494:
490:(July, 2019)
483:
479:(July, 2019)
472:
451:
438:
433:Bibliography
416:
371:
369:
333:outer circle
332:
330:
318:inner circle
317:
315:
308:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
266:
248:
234:
226:
194:
189:
185:
180:
155:
154:
145:Amita Kachru
116:
65:(2016-07-29)
63:29 July 2016
18:
952:2016 deaths
947:1932 births
905:Braj Kachru
837:(2000 only)
820:Braj Kachru
345:Philippines
322:New Zealand
103:Nationality
43:15 May 1932
25:Braj Kachru
941:Categories
915:Ritu Menon
624:Kachru.com
517:References
394:, most of
349:Bangladesh
303:See also:
183:Zinda Kaul
77:Occupation
39:1932-05-15
702:7 October
680:7 October
634:9 October
542:DNA India
408:Indonesia
326:Caribbean
257:Hyderabad
361:Tanzania
357:Malaysia
353:Pakistan
190:Masterji
186:Masterji
163:linguist
142:Children
89:Kashmiri
85:Language
46:Srinagar
847:Winners
816:(Chair)
757:at the
739:3069227
341:Nigeria
235:At the
211:, is a
97:English
922:(2000)
890:(2008)
884:(2006)
878:(2004)
872:(2003)
866:(2002)
860:(2001)
854:(2000)
737:
458:
445:
396:Europe
388:Russia
343:, the
279:, and
223:Career
132:Spouse
119:(1986)
72:, U.S.
735:JSTOR
419:norms
404:Egypt
400:Korea
392:Japan
384:China
365:Kenya
337:India
93:Hindi
704:2019
682:2019
636:2010
606:help
456:ISBN
443:ISBN
316:The
60:Died
31:Born
727:doi
566:doi
378:or
255:in
197:PhD
943::
733:.
723:30
721:.
663:^
653:.
622:.
597::
595:}}
591:{{
562:11
560:.
539:.
524:^
406:,
402:,
398:,
390:,
386:,
363:,
359:,
355:,
351:,
347:,
339:,
295:.
275:,
271:,
173:.
95:,
91:,
52:,
48:,
792:e
785:t
778:v
741:.
729::
706:.
684:.
657:.
638:.
608:)
604:(
587:.
572:.
568::
545:.
41:)
37:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.