31:
125:("Royal Prussian Society of Sciences"). While other Academies focused on a few topics, the Prussian Academy was the first to teach both sciences and humanities. In 1710, the Academy statute was set, dividing the Academy into two sciences and two humanities classes. This was not changed until 1830, when the physics-mathematics and the philosophy-history classes replaced the four old classes.
271:
Beginning in 1815, research businesses led by
Academy committees (such as the Greek-Roman Archeology Committee or the Oriental Committee) were founded at the Academy. They employed mostly scientists to work alongside the corresponding committee's members. University departments emanated from some of
310:
employees and members were expelled starting in 1933, Jewish
Academy members were not expelled until 1938, following a direct request by the Ministry of Education. The new Academy statute went into effect on 8 June 1939, reorganizing the Academy according to the Nazi leadership principle (the
145:("Royal Academy of Sciences"). An obligation from the new statute were public calls for ideas on unsolved scientific questions with a monetary reward for solutions. The Academy acquired its own research facilities in the 18th century, including an
195:. Frederick made French the official language and speculative philosophy the most important topic of study. The membership was strong in mathematics and philosophy, and included notable philosophers such as
737:
52:
239:
as the vehicle for scientific advance. By 1789, however, the academy had gained an international repute while making major contributions to German culture and thought. Frederick invited
231:, argued that the action of individuals was shaped by the character of the institution that contained them, and they worked for the glory of the state. By contrast, d'Alembert took a
977:
792:
972:
967:
369:
105:, who was appointed president. Unlike other Academies, the Prussian Academy was not directly funded out of the state treasury. Frederick granted it the
957:
75:, or "Arts Academy," to which "Berlin Academy" may also refer. In the 18th century, when French was the language of science and culture, it was a
17:
947:
211:. However, the academy was in a crisis for two decades at mid-century, due to scandals and internal rivalries such as the debates between
252:
909:
942:
874:
Vertrieben aus rassistischen GrĂĽnden. Ausstellung im Rahmen des
Berliner Themenjahres 2013 „Zerstörte Vielfalt. Berlin 1933–1938–1945“
417:
325:
856:
A History of more than 300 Years. Berlin-Brandenburg
Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Formerly the Prussian Academy of Sciences.
716:
A History of more than 300 Years. Berlin-Brandenburg
Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Formerly the Prussian Academy of Sciences.
962:
952:
937:
614:
882:
865:
723:
871:
641:
338:
779:
501:
352:
306:
control over various aspects of society. However, compared with other institutions, such as the universities where
247:
as director; both were world-class mathematicians. Other intellectuals attracted to the philosopher's kingdom were
30:
982:
376:
of Berlin and
Brandenburg. Sixty of the AdW members broke off and created the private Leibniz Society in 1993.
187:, notes that before Frederick ascended the throne in 1740, the academy was overshadowed by similar bodies in
166:
853:
465:
435:
385:
256:
549:
204:
94:
555:
489:
391:
102:
901:
918:
471:
453:
72:
543:
441:
397:
224:
134:
507:
519:
90:
537:
525:
477:
447:
240:
895:
610:
513:
361:
263:
published religious writings in Berlin which would have been censored elsewhere in Europe.
208:
180:
39:
8:
578:
248:
236:
356:). At its height, the AdW had 400 researchers and 24,000 employees in locations across
285:
200:
150:
118:
878:
861:
775:
719:
483:
402:
373:
158:
35:
313:
645:
572:
303:
297:
281:
114:
76:
56:
922:
584:
561:
411:
244:
87:
854:
President of the Berlin-Brandenburg
Academy of Sciences and Humanities (Pub.)
714:
President of the Berlin-Brandenburg
Academy of Sciences and Humanities (Pub.)
931:
531:
459:
429:
260:
232:
196:
184:
172:
As a French-language institution its publications were in French such as the
919:
Scholars and
Literati at the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences (1700–1800)
357:
321:
292:
212:
772:
Die
Berliner Akademie der Wissenschaften: ihre Mitglieder und Preisträger.
372:") was founded in its place, in compliance with a 1992 treaty between the
567:
146:
688:
Mary Terrall, "The Culture of Science in Frederick the Great's Berlin,"
667:
495:
228:
216:
162:
137:("Frederick the Great") saw major changes to the Academy. In 1744, the
668:"History of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities"
227:. At a higher level, Maupertuis, the director from 1746 to 1759 and a
174:
Histoire de l'Académie royale des sciences et belles lettres de Berlin
793:"Heinrich Wild – Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften"
113:
in Brandenburg, a suggestion from Leibniz. As Frederick was crowned "
480:, corresponding member 1857; foreign member 1870; proper member 1871
423:
220:
110:
106:
235:
rather than monarchical approach and emphasized the international
735:
101:("Electoral Brandenburg Society of Sciences") upon the advice of
64:
701:
Hans Aarsleff, "The Berlin Academy under Frederick the Great,"
188:
68:
872:
Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Hrsg.):
219:
views, and the personality conflicts between the philosopher
192:
558:, corresponding member, 1900 (bi-centenary of the academy)
552:, corresponding member, 1900 (bi-centenary of the academy)
540:, corresponding member, 1900 (bi-centenary of the academy)
534:, corresponding member, 1900 (bi-centenary of the academy)
528:, corresponding member, 1900 (bi-centenary of the academy)
522:, corresponding member, 1900 (bi-centenary of the academy)
516:, corresponding member, 1900 (bi-centenary of the academy)
738:"The Prussian Academy of Sciences during the Third Reich"
546:, corresponding member 1900 (bi-centenary of the academy)
408:
Gassen von Stein, Vice President, Doctor and member; 1732
307:
99:
Kurfürstlich Brandenburgische Societät der Wissenschaften
835:"Latest intelligence – The Berlin Academy of Sciences".
642:"Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities"
34:
Entrance to the former Prussian Academy of Sciences on
910:
Conference Reports of the Prussian Academy of Sciences
302:
a "Nazification" process that was established to take
670:. Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften
370:
Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities
165:
in 1753. However, those were later taken over by the
839:. No. 36094. London. 20 March 1900. p. 6.
510:, foreign member 1900 (bi-centenary of the academy)
504:, foreign member 1900 (bi-centenary of the academy)
366:
Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften
295:from 1933 to 1945, the Academy was subject to the
742:Minerva: A Review of Science, Learning and Policy
141:and the Society of Sciences were merged into the
929:
768:Königlich-Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften
636:
634:
632:
123:Königlich Preußische Sozietät der Wissenschaften
97:, Germany founded the Academy under the name of
71:, Germany on 11 July 1700, four years after the
61:Königlich-Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften
978:Educational institutions disestablished in 1992
581:, corresponding member 1920; proper member 1930
334:Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin
830:
828:
826:
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
629:
973:Educational institutions established in 1700
968:Scientific organizations established in 1700
923:Repertorium Eruditorum Totius Europae – RETE
736:Notzoldt, Peter; Walther, Peter Th. (2004).
176:which was published between 1745 and 1796.
809:
605:
603:
601:
342:) on 1 July 1946. In 1972, it was renamed
332:reorganized the Academy under the name of
958:Scientific organisations based in Germany
326:Soviet Military Administration in Germany
29:
615:MacTutor History of Mathematics archive
598:
14:
930:
902:History of the Academy of the Sciences
898:, University of St. Andrews, Scotland.
438:, Lieutenant General, 30 November 1753
143:Königliche Akademie der Wissenschaften
128:
692:Dec 1990, Vol. 28 Issue 4, pp 333–364
766:30. November 1753 Ehrenmitglied der
705:May 1989, Vol. 2 Issue 2, pp 193–206
364:, the Academy was disbanded and the
339:German Academy of Sciences at Berlin
948:Universities and colleges in Berlin
660:
644:. Akademienunion.de. Archived from
344:Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR
48:Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences
24:
847:
379:
25:
994:
943:1992 disestablishments in Germany
888:
502:William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin
284:presented his field equations of
201:Jean-Baptiste le Rond d'Alembert
27:College in Berlin from 1700–1946
726:(English and German), p. 59-69.
611:"The Berlin Academy of Science"
275:
266:
18:Brandenburg Society of Sciences
963:National academies of sciences
953:Organizations based in Prussia
938:1700 establishments in Prussia
785:
774:Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1992,
760:
729:
708:
703:History of the Human Sciences,
695:
682:
353:Academy of Sciences of the GDR
13:
1:
896:The Berlin Academy of Science
591:
486:, corresponding member, 1881.
272:these businesses after 1945.
179:A linguistics historian from
155:Collegium medico-chirurgicum
135:King Frederick II of Prussia
7:
466:Heinrich Friedrich von Diez
436:Asmus Ehrenreich von Bredow
386:Christoph Ludwig von Stille
257:Julien Offray de La Mettrie
139:Nouvelle Société Littéraire
10:
999:
550:Francis Llewellyn Griffith
205:Pierre-Louis de Maupertuis
121:, the Academy was renamed
82:
556:Frederic William Maitland
538:Sir John Pentland Mahaffy
526:Sir John Burdon-Sanderson
490:Ferdinand Georg Frobenius
394:, founding president 1700
392:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
351:
337:
109:on producing and selling
103:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
472:Friedrich Schleiermacher
454:Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
293:the rule of Nazi Germany
117:" in 1701, creating the
73:Prussian Academy of Arts
770:. See Werner Hartkopf:
544:Alexander Stuart Murray
442:Johann Heinrich Lambert
398:Jacob Paul von Gundling
79:-language institution.
38:8. Today it houses the
983:Frederick I of Prussia
520:Henry Augustus Rowland
468:, honorary member 1814
253:Jean-Baptiste de Boyer
223:and the mathematician
60:
43:
478:Hermann von Helmholtz
462:, foreign member 1786
456:, foreign member 1769
448:Joseph-Louis Lagrange
432:, foreign member 1751
420:, foreign member 1746
405:, foreign member 1714
241:Joseph-Louis Lagrange
33:
868:(English and German)
587:, proper member 1938
575:, proper member 1914
564:, proper member 1905
514:Josiah Willard Gibbs
508:Friedrich Max MĂĽller
498:, proper member 1894
492:, proper member 1893
474:, proper member 1810
362:German Reunification
280:On 25 November 1915
209:Etienne de Condillac
181:Princeton University
167:University of Berlin
40:Berlin State Library
876:, BBAW, Berlin 2013
718:BBAW, Berlin 2009,
690:History of Science,
249:Francesco Algarotti
237:Republic of Letters
129:Frederick the Great
388:1696–1752, curator
286:general relativity
151:anatomical theater
119:Kingdom of Prussia
44:
883:978-3-939818-48-9
866:978-3-939818-14-4
858:BBAW, Berlin 2009
724:978-3-939818-14-4
484:Heinrich von Wild
403:Dimitrie Cantemir
374:State Parliaments
16:(Redirected from
990:
914:
906:
841:
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807:
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803:
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675:
664:
658:
657:
655:
653:
638:
627:
626:
624:
622:
607:
355:
341:
288:to the Academy.
159:botanical garden
55:
36:Unter Den Linden
21:
998:
997:
993:
992:
991:
989:
988:
987:
928:
927:
912:
904:
891:
850:
848:Further reading
845:
844:
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833:
810:
801:
799:
791:
790:
786:
765:
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751:
749:
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673:
671:
666:
665:
661:
651:
649:
648:on 27 June 2013
640:
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618:
609:
608:
599:
594:
573:Albert Einstein
382:
380:Notable members
298:Gleichschaltung
282:Albert Einstein
278:
269:
161:in 1718; and a
131:
115:King in Prussia
85:
67:established in
51:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
996:
986:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
926:
925:
916:
907:
899:
890:
889:External links
887:
886:
885:
869:
849:
846:
843:
842:
808:
784:
759:
728:
707:
694:
681:
659:
628:
596:
595:
593:
590:
589:
588:
585:Hermann Grapow
582:
576:
570:
565:
562:Philipp Lenard
559:
553:
547:
541:
535:
529:
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493:
487:
481:
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457:
451:
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427:
421:
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412:Leonhard Euler
409:
406:
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395:
389:
381:
378:
277:
274:
268:
265:
245:Leonhard Euler
130:
127:
88:Prince-elector
84:
81:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
995:
984:
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979:
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974:
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966:
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951:
949:
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936:
935:
933:
924:
920:
917:
915:at wikisource
911:
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780:3-05-002153-5
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773:
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669:
663:
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643:
637:
635:
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617:. August 2004
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532:William James
530:
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500:
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494:
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467:
464:
461:
460:Immanuel Kant
458:
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452:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
430:Denis Diderot
428:
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331:
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323:
318:
316:
315:
314:FĂĽhrerprinzip
309:
305:
301:
299:
294:
289:
287:
283:
273:
264:
262:
261:Immanuel Kant
258:
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250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
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218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
197:Immanuel Kant
194:
190:
186:
185:Hans Aarsleff
182:
177:
175:
170:
168:
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156:
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148:
144:
140:
136:
133:The reign of
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120:
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112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
91:Frederick III
89:
80:
78:
74:
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41:
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800:. Retrieved
796:
787:
771:
767:
762:
750:. Retrieved
748:(4): 421–444
745:
741:
731:
715:
710:
702:
697:
689:
684:
672:. Retrieved
662:
650:. Retrieved
646:the original
619:. Retrieved
365:
360:. Following
358:East Germany
347:
343:
333:
329:
322:World War II
319:
312:
304:totalitarian
296:
290:
279:
276:20th century
270:
267:19th century
213:Newtonianism
178:
173:
171:
154:
149:in 1709; an
142:
138:
132:
122:
98:
86:
47:
45:
913:(in German)
905:(in German)
797:www.bbaw.de
568:Fritz Haber
418:Montesquieu
243:to succeed
157:in 1723; a
153:in 1717; a
147:observatory
95:Brandenburg
932:Categories
894:MacTutor,
802:2023-10-12
592:References
579:Kurt Sethe
496:Max Planck
350:(English:
336:(English:
320:Following
233:republican
229:monarchist
225:Maupertuis
217:Leibnizian
163:laboratory
837:The Times
450:1766–1786
444:, c. 1763
426:, c. 1750
414:1741–1766
328:, or SMAD
111:calendars
63:) was an
53:‹See Tfd›
424:Voltaire
221:Voltaire
107:monopoly
782:, S. 45
752:14 June
674:14 June
652:14 June
621:14 June
83:Origins
65:academy
881:
864:
778:
722:
324:, the
308:Jewish
291:Under
255:, and
207:, and
189:London
77:French
69:Berlin
57:German
193:Paris
879:ISBN
862:ISBN
776:ISBN
754:2013
720:ISBN
676:2013
654:2013
623:2013
215:and
191:and
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348:AdW
346:or
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