British Agricultural Revolution

6803: 42: 1388:. Potatoes yielded about three times the calories per acre of wheat or barley, mainly because it took only taking 3–4 months to mature versus 10 months for wheat. On top of this, potatoes had higher nutritive value than wheat, could be grown in even fallow and nutrient-poor soil, did not require any special tools, and were considered fairly appetizing. According to Langer, a single acre of potatoes could feed a family of five or six, plus a cow, for the better part of a year, an unprecedented level of production. By 1715 the potato was widespread in the 6928: 673: 1243:

fertility by alternating deep-rooted and shallow-rooted plants. Turnip roots, for example, can recover nutrients from deep under the soil. The Norfolk four-course system, as it is now known, rotates crops so that different crops are planted with the result that different kinds and quantities of nutrients are taken from the soil as the plants grow. An important feature of the Norfolk four-field system was that it used labour at times when demand was not at peak levels.

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America were introduced in the mid-19th century, and fallow steadily declined to reach only about 4% in 1900. Ideally, wheat, barley, turnips and clover would be planted in that order in each field in successive years. The turnips helped keep the weeds down and were an excellent forage crop—ruminant animals could eat the tops and roots through a large part of the summer and winters. There was no need to let the soil lie fallow as clover would add

5392: 1783:. The poor harvests, however, masked a greater threat to British agriculture: growing imports of foodstuffs from abroad. The development of the steam ship and the development of extensive railway networks in Britain and in the United States allowed U.S. farmers with much larger and more productive farms to export hard grain to Britain at a price that undercut the British farmers. At the same time, large amounts of cheap 1826:, the common practice was to plant seeds by broadcasting (evenly throwing) them across the ground by hand on the prepared soil and then lightly harrowing the soil to cover the seed. Seeds left on top of the ground were eaten by birds, insects, and mice. There was no control over spacing, and seeds were planted too close together and too far apart. Alternatively, seeds could be laboriously planted one by one using a 5416: 6755: 5404: 803:

Dutch were faster than Britain in reducing the agricultural sector of population. The Netherlands were called "school room," or "home" of the modern agricultural revolution. Notably, one of the innovations in the British Revolution was the “Dutch” light plow. English landowners and their agents who returned from exile in the Netherlands in the 17th century introduced Dutch methods and techniques.

1408:

and common source of food exports, since the early 17th century and quickly spread so that by the 18th century it had been firmly established as a staple food. It spread to England shortly after it took hold in Ireland, first being widely cultivated in Lancashire and around London, and by the mid-18th century it was esteemed and common. By the late 18th century,

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harvested in successive years from the same plot of land. It was often grown alongside potatoes, as maize plants required wide spacing. Maize was cultivated in Spain since 1525 and Italy since 1530, contributing to their growing populations in the early modern era as it became a dietary staple in the 17th century (in Italy it was often made into

1858:

and others, and the overall agricultural productivity of Britain started to grow significantly only in the 18th century. It is estimated that total agricultural output grew 2.7-fold between 1700 and 1870 and output per worker at a similar rate. Despite its name, the Agricultural Revolution in Britain

1837:

invented an improved seed drill in 1701. It was a mechanical seeder which distributed seeds evenly across a plot of land and at the correct depth. Tull's seed drill was expensive and fragile and therefore did not have much of an impact. The technology to manufacture affordable and reliable machinery,

1771:

ruined most of the Irish potato crop and brought famine to the Irish people from 1846 to 1850. Though the blight also struck Scotland, Wales, England, and much of continental Europe, its effect there was far less severe since potatoes constituted a much smaller percentage of the diet than in Ireland.

1407:

periods for potatoes). The 1740 famines buttressed their case. The mid 18th century was marked by rapid adoption of the potato by various European countries, especially in central Europe, as various wheat famines demonstrated its value. The potato was grown in Ireland, a property of the English crown

738:

Using 1700 as a base year (=100), agricultural output per agricultural worker in Britain steadily increased from about 50 in 1500, to around 65 in 1550, to 90 in 1600, to over 100 by 1650, to over 150 by 1750, rapidly increasing to over 250 by 1850. The rise in productivity accelerated the decline of

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production in Britain arising from increases in labor and land productivity between the mid-17th and late 19th centuries. Agricultural output grew faster than the population over the hundred-year period ending in 1770, and thereafter productivity remained among the highest in the world. This increase

1904:

Today, agriculture accounts for 5% of the world product. But these 5% is the basis holding the rest 95% like a reverse pyramid. The Second Agricultural Revolution created this basis and made possible our industry and other sectors of the modern civilization. Without this basis all this civilization,

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Higher yield per acre crops were planted as potatoes went from about 300,000 acres in 1800 to about 400,000 acres in 1850 with a further increase to about 500,000 in 1900. Labour productivity slowly increased at about 0.6% per year. With more capital invested, more organic and inorganic fertilisers,

1609:

With the development of regional markets and eventually a national market, aided by improved transportation infrastructures, farmers were no longer dependent on their local market and were less subject to having to sell at low prices into an oversupplied local market and not being able to sell their

1541:

The next stage of development was trading between markets, requiring merchants, credit and forward sales, knowledge of markets and pricing and of supply and demand in different markets. Eventually, the market evolved into a national one driven by London and other growing cities. By 1700, there was a

1743:

Great Britain contained about 10.8 million people in 1801, 20.7 million in 1851 and 37.1 million by 1901. This corresponds to an annual population growth rate of 1.3% in 1801-1851 and 1.2% in 1851–1901, twice the rate of agricultural output growth. In addition to land for cultivation

1537:

Regional markets were widespread by 1500 with about 800 locations in Britain. The most important development between the 16th century and the mid-19th century was private marketing. By the 19th century, marketing was nationwide, and the vast majority of agricultural production was for market rather

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British improvements included Joseph Foljambe's cast iron plough (patented 1730), which combined an earlier Dutch design with several innovations. Its fittings and coulter were made of iron, and the mouldboard and share were covered with an iron plate, making it easier to pull and more controllable

1294:

was the alternation of a field between pasture and grain. Because nitrogen builds up slowly over time in pasture, ploughing up pasture and planting grains resulted in high yields for a few years. A big disadvantage of convertible husbandry was the hard work in breaking up pastures and difficulty in

802:

The British origins of the revolution is the view shared by the British historians. The Dutch historians disagree. In the Netherlands between 1500 and 1650, the agricultural output per laborer rose by 80% leading to over 60% decline in manpower engaged in agriculture by 1650. From 1500 to 1750, the

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sold for slaughter at Smithfield was reported around 1700 as 370 pounds (170 kg), though this is considered a low estimate: by 1786, weights of 840 pounds (380 kg) were reported, though other contemporary indicators suggest an increase of around a quarter over the intervening century. In

1327:

The mix of crops also changed: the area under wheat rose by 1870 to 3.5 million acres (1.4m ha), barley to 2.25m acres (0.9m ha) and oats less dramatically to 2.75m acres (1.1m ha), while rye dwindled to 60,000 acres (24,000 hectares), less than a tenth of its late medieval peak. Grain yields

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The Agricultural Revolution in Britain proved to be a major turning point in history, allowing the population to far exceed earlier peaks and sustain the country's rise to industrial pre-eminence. Towards the end of the 19th century, the substantial gains in British agricultural productivity were

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Temple estimates Chinese crop yields were between 10 and twenty times higher than in the West. This is not the case. Perkins finds an average Chinese grain yield about twice the late 18th-century European average. China's advantage was in intensive land use and high labour inputs, rather than in

1866:

The Agricultural Revolution in other countries was a turning point too. In the agrarian societies, four families produced enough food for five families, that is for themselves and one more family. Not much manpower was available for non-agricultural activity. In the course of the revolution, one

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also contributed to the boost of Western European agricultural productivity. Maize also had far higher per-acre productivity than wheat (about two and a half times), grew at widely differing altitudes and in a variety of soils (though warmer climates were preferred), and unlike wheat it could be

1875:

Industrialization and modern economic growth are basically conditioned by the level of agricultural productivity inherited from pre-modern period... n agricultural revolution and subsequent rise in agricultural productivity are often considered prerequisites for take-off of the initial spurt of

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Bakewell was also the first to breed cattle to be used primarily for beef. Previously, cattle were first and foremost kept for pulling ploughs as oxen or for dairy uses, with beef from surplus males as an additional bonus, but he crossed long-horned heifers and a Westmoreland bull to eventually

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removed with the crops. Turnips first show up in the probate records in England as early as 1638 but were not widely used till about 1750. Fallow land was about 20% of the arable area in England in 1700 before turnips and clover were extensively grown in the 1830s. Guano and nitrates from South

1242:

is the practice of growing a series of dissimilar types of crops in the same area in sequential seasons to help restore plant nutrients and mitigate the build-up of pathogens and pests that often occurs when one plant species is continuously cropped. Rotation can also improve soil structure and

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states that there were a "profusion of agricultural revolutions, one for two centuries before 1650, another emphasising the century after 1650, a third for the period 1750–1780, and a fourth for the middle decades of the nineteenth century". This has led more recent historians to argue that any

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was, and in some cases still is, much more efficient than land transport. In the early 19th century it cost as much to transport a ton of freight 32 miles by wagon over an unimproved road as it did to ship it 3,000 miles across the Atlantic. A horse could pull at most one ton of freight on a

1520:

Some practices of enclosure were denounced by the Church, and legislation was drawn up against it; but the large, enclosed fields were needed for the gains in agricultural productivity from the 16th to 18th centuries. This controversy led to a series of government acts, culminating in the

1585:

The British Agricultural Revolution was aided by land maintenance advancements in Flanders and the Netherlands. With large and dense populations in Flanders and Holland, farmers there were forced to take maximum advantage of every bit of usable land; the country had become a pioneer in

1545:

Legislation regulating middlemen required registration, addressed weights and measures, fixing of prices and collection of tolls by the government. Market regulations were eased in 1663 when people were allowed some self-regulation to hold inventory, but it was forbidden to withhold

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from the Chinese in the early 17th century. It had the advantage of being able to be pulled by one or two oxen compared to the six or eight needed by the heavy wheeled northern European plough. The Dutch plough was brought to Britain by Dutch contractors who were hired to drain

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The productivity per farmer also rose. By 1880, the farm population in the US declined to 43.8% of the total population despite large increase in the farmland since the 1860s. “Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970,” US Census Bureau, 1975, p 457,

1372:, using standard patterns with interchangeable parts. The plough was easy for a blacksmith to make, but by the end of the 18th century it was being made in rural foundries. By 1770 it was the cheapest and best plough available. It spread to Scotland, America, and France. 1310:) discovered a still more effective four-field crop rotation system, using turnips and clover (a legume) as forage crops to replace the three-year crop rotation fallow year. The four-field rotation system allowed farmers to restore soil fertility and restore some of the 1428:(especially Hungary and Austria) by the late 17th century. Its spread started in southern France in 1565, and by the start of the 18th century it was the main food source of central and southern French peasants (it was more popular as animal fodder in the north). 1744:

there was also a demand for pasture land to support more livestock. The growth of arable acreage slowed from the 1830s and went into reverse from the 1870s in the face of cheaper grain imports, and wheat acreage nearly halved from 1870 to 1900.

1550:

from the market in an effort to increase prices. In the late 18th century, the idea of self-regulation was gaining acceptance. The lack of internal tariffs, customs barriers and feudal tolls made Britain "the largest coherent market in Europe".

1692:

and imports were started. Chile was happy to allow the exports of these sodium nitrates by allowing the British to use their capital to develop the mining and imposing a hefty export tax to enrich their treasury. Massive deposits of sea bird

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in desirable animal programmes from the mid-18th century. Arguably, Bakewell's most important breeding programme was with sheep. Using native stock, he was able to quickly select for large, yet fine-boned sheep, with long, lustrous wool. The

1772:

Hundreds of thousands died in the famine, and millions more emigrated to England, Wales, Scotland, Canada, Australia, Europe, and the United States, reducing the population from about 8.5 million in 1845 to 4.3 million by 1921.

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in a three crop rotation system is fallow. Each field was rotated into a different crop nearly every year. Over the following two centuries, the regular planting of legumes in the fields that were previously fallow slowly restored the

1893:; often the result was the opposite, with stronger autocracy. But in all cases, the power shifted from land owners to industrial entrepreneurs or central-planning states, marking "revolutionary break with the past." The ten-millennia 1600:

were utilised in the late 16th to the 20th centuries and allowed earlier pasturing of livestock after they were wintered on hay. This increased livestock yields, giving more hides, meat, milk, and manure as well as better hay crops.

1235:

One of the most important innovations of the British Agricultural Revolution was the development of the Norfolk four-course rotation, which greatly increased crop and livestock yields by improving soil fertility and reducing fallow.

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from the atmosphere into a form of fertiliser. This permitted the intensive arable cultivation of light soils on enclosed farms and provided fodder to support increased livestock numbers whose manure added further to soil fertility.

1720:' yards were ground up or crushed and sold as fertiliser. By about 1840 about 30,000 tons of bones were being processed (worth about £150,000). An unusual alternative to bones was found to be the millions of tons of fossils called 1323:

when it was ploughed under after one or two years. The addition of clover and turnips allowed more animals to be kept through the winter, which in turn produced more milk, cheese, meat and manure, which maintained soil fertility.

1328:

benefited from new and better seed alongside improved rotation and fertility: wheat yields increased by a quarter in the 18th century and nearly half in the 19th, averaging 30 bushels per acre (2,080 kg/ha) by the 1890s.

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Another way to get more land was to convert some pasture land into arable land and recover fen land and some pastures. It is estimated that the amount of arable land in Britain grew by 10–30% through these land conversions.

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Commerce was aided by the expansion of roads and inland waterways. Road transport capacity grew from threefold to fourfold from 1500 to 1700. Railroads would eventually reduce the cost of land transport by over 95%.

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stressed the "importance of getting rid of agriculture as a major social activity" in the formation of the working class. First, "rural proletariat" appeared; later, this mass moved to cities causing unprecedented

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The process of enclosing property accelerated in the 15th and 16th centuries. The more productive enclosed farms meant that fewer farmers were needed to work the same land, leaving many villagers without land and

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did not result in overall productivity per hectare of agricultural area as high as in China, where intensive cultivation (including multiple annual cropping in many areas) had been practiced for many centuries.

1559:

High wagon transportation costs made it uneconomical to ship commodities very far outside the market radius by road, generally limiting shipment to less than 20 or 30 miles to market or to a navigable waterway.

735:, from 5.5 million in 1700 to over 9 million by 1801, though domestic production gave way increasingly to food imports in the 19th century as the population more than tripled to over 35 million. 1482:, who owned the land. A separate section of land in the same area would be "held in common" as grazing pasture. Periodically the grazing land would be rotated with the crop land to allow the land to recover. 1266:

routine, with a different crop in each of two fields, e.g. oats, rye, wheat, and barley with the second field growing a legume like peas or beans, and the third field fallow. Normally from 10% to 30% of the

1493:

who enclosed their property and improved their use of the land. More secure control of the land allowed the owners to make innovations that improved their yields. Other husbandmen rented property they "

1262:

had initially used a two-field crop rotation system where one field was left fallow or turned into pasture for a time to try to recover some of its plant nutrients. Later they employed a three-year,

1610:

surpluses to distant localities that were experiencing shortages. They also became less subject to price fixing regulations. Farming became a business rather than solely a means of subsistence.

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The term "revolution" refers to increase in yields per land and labour. Innovations in agricultural technology and methods took place gradually rather than an abrupt sweeping alteration.

1867:

family began to produce enough food for five families. Much manpower was liberated from agriculture and became available for industry. Thus the Agricultural Revolution made possible the

1736:") that plants could absorb readily and increased crop yields. Mining coprolite and processing it for fertiliser soon developed into a major industry—the first commercial fertiliser. 1474:

were assigned individual narrow strips of land in large fields which were used for growing crops. For the right to work this land they would pay a percentage of the yield to the

814:

The British Agricultural Revolution was the result of the complex interaction of social, economic and farming technological changes. Major developments and innovations include:

7102: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7057: 5762: 1889:. When the percentage of manpower engaged in agriculture declined from 80 to 60, occurred great social revolutions or reformations (revolution from above). The result was not 1850:

The Agricultural Revolution was part of a long process of improvement, but sound advice on farming began to appear in England in the mid-17th century, from writers such as

1403:, established in 1660, almost immediately championed the potato, stressing its value as a substitute for wheat (particularly since famine periods for wheat overlapped with 3017: 1863:

rapidly offset by competition from cheaper imports, made possible by the exploitation of new lands and advances in transportation, refrigeration, and other technologies.

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Called “British”, the term implies that the revolution began in Britain, not that it existed solely in Britain. Other countries in Europe (including France,

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brought many new foodstuffs from the Americas to Eurasia, most of which took decades or centuries to catch on. Arguably the most important of these was the

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Campbell, Bruce M. S., and Mark Overton. "A new perspective on medieval and early modern agriculture: six centuries of Norfolk farming c. 1250-c. 1850."

2184:

was abolished, indicating increase in output per peasant. Владимир Обухов, "Движение урожаев зерновых культур в Европейской России в период 1883-1915,"

1276:

of some croplands. The planting of legumes helped to increase plant growth in the empty field because of the ability of the bacteria on legume roots to

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The agricultural productivity per worker also rose across Europe in the 19th century. P. Bairoch, “Niveau de developpement economique de 1810 a 1910,”

1830:

and/or a shovel. Cutting down on wasted seed was important because the yield of seeds harvested to seeds planted at that time was around four or five.

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In the US between 1860 and 1890, the production of basic agricultural commodities, such as wheat, corn and cotton, outstripped all previous figures.

1814:. By 1900, half the meat eaten in Britain came from abroad, and tropical fruits such as bananas were also being imported on the refrigerator ships. 6627: 795:(Germany), and Russia), East Asia and North America followed suit in the next two centuries. The Second Agricultural Revolution was much like the 7636: 7012: 4454: 3861: 2989: 17: 1412:

wrote that the potato had become "a constant standing dish, at every meal, breakfast excepted, at the tables of the Rich, as well as the Poor."

6758: 6598: 5365: 5020: 4983: 4018: 594: 554: 74: 7513: 7401: 6573: 2889:

Walton, John R. (1984). "The Diffusion of the Improved Shorthorn Breed of Cattle in Britain during the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries".

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William L. Langer, "American Foods and Europe's Population Growth 1750–1850", Journal of Social History, 8#2 (1975), pp. 51–66. Pages 52-54.

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van Zanden, Jan Luiten; van Leeuwen, Bas (April 2012). "Persistent but not consistent: The growth of national income in Holland 1347–1807".

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As early as the 12th century, some fields in England tilled under the open-field system were enclosed into individually owned fields. The

750:

However, historians continue to dispute when exactly such a "revolution" took place and of what it consisted. Rather than a single event,

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or the mating of close relatives, such as father and daughter, or brother and sister, to stabilise certain qualities in order to reduce

1569:

road, which was multi-layer stone covered and crowned, with side drainage. But a single horse could pull a barge weighing over 30 tons.

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Also for Prussia, Michael Kopsidis, & Nikolaus Wolf, “Agricultural Productivity across Prussia during the Industrial Revolution,”

6568: 6438: 6060: 7498: 6839: 6620: 6563: 6391: 5880: 5800: 5785: 5333: 5277: 778:. Turnips can be grown in winter and are deep-rooted, allowing them to gather minerals unavailable to shallow-rooted crops. Clover 656: 3530:

Ang, James B., Rajabrata Banerjee, and Jakob B. Madsen. "Innovation and productivity advances in British agriculture: 1620–1850".

2688:

Marion Eugene Ensminger and Audrey H. Ensminger. "Foods & Nutrition Encyclopedia, Two Volume Set." CRC-Press: 1994. Page 1104.

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hard and was the most severe in Europe and the United States, which had been experiencing strong economic growth fuelled by the

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than for the farmer and his family. The 16th-century market radius was about 10 miles, which could support a town of 10,000.

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Between 1873 and 1879 British agriculture suffered from wet summers that damaged grain crops. Cattle farmers were hit by

1254:

because they interfered with access to the fields. Besides, other people's livestock could graze the turnips. During the

3134:

From the American System to Mass Production, 1800–1932: The Development of Manufacturing Technology in the United States

2636: 1833:

The seed drill was introduced from China to Italy in the mid-16th century where it was patented by the Venetian Senate.

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The Laboring Classes of England : especially those engaged in agriculture and manufactures; in a series of letters

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with all its technological progress, would collapse. "No modern development made us independent from Earth Mother, or

1659:. As more farmers followed his lead, farm animals increased dramatically in size and quality. The average weight of a 7651: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7000: 6777: 6700: 6603: 6548: 6327: 6310: 6280: 6045: 5895: 5558: 5553: 5420: 4469: 3877: 3732: 3249: 2558: 1740:

and better crop yields increased the food grown at about 0.5% per year—not enough to keep up with population growth.

1619: 5732: 7413: 6910: 6866: 6536: 6315: 5595: 4709: 4592: 4200: 4195: 4013: 1927: 1498: 3082:

The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present

3057:

The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present

2761:

The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present

2709:

The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present

2453:

Apostolides, Alexander; Broadberry, Stephen; Campbell, Bruce; Overton, Mark; van Leeuwen, Bas (26 November 2008).

7408: 6690: 6637: 6498: 6443: 6275: 6178: 5605: 5531: 5313: 5298: 5293: 4185: 4040: 1630:

as a scientific practice, mating together two animals with particularly desirable characteristics and also using

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Unprecedented population growth followed and even more explosive was the growth of the non-agricultural sector.

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grain producers in Britain against foreign competition. These laws were removed in 1846 after the onset of the

1590:

building, soil restoration and maintenance, soil drainage, and land reclamation technology. Dutch experts like

1368:

than previous ploughs. By the 1760s Foljambe was making large numbers of these ploughs in a factory outside of

626: 589: 584: 104: 1295:

establishing them. The significance of convertible husbandry is that it introduced pasture into the rotation.

7590: 7477: 7374: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7314: 7309: 7304: 7299: 7294: 6883: 6632: 6541: 6480: 6406: 6193: 6173: 5952: 5476: 5462: 5035: 4746: 4565: 4520: 4028: 3888: 2394: 1795:) in about 1880 opened the British market to cheap meat and wool from Australia, New Zealand, and Argentina. 850: 89: 1664:

1300, the average milk cow produced 100 gallons of milk annually. By 1800, this figure rose to 566 gallons.

6950: 6695: 6516: 6379: 6357: 6337: 6266: 6188: 6065: 6055: 6050: 5722: 5687: 5543: 5055: 5030: 4515: 4482: 4356: 4339: 3030: 1807: 1364:

moors. The plough was extremely successful on wet, boggy soil, but was soon used on ordinary land as well.

109: 84: 1319:(nitrogen-containing salts) back to the soil. The clover made excellent pasture and hay fields as well as 1280:

from the air into the soil in a form that plants could use. Other crops that were occasionally grown were

6990: 6531: 6511: 6352: 6215: 5997: 5900: 5610: 5583: 5563: 5040: 4702: 4570: 4304: 4065: 2026: 1834: 94: 2986: 7289: 6967: 6854: 6730: 6342: 5548: 5080: 5015: 4842: 4552: 4449: 3995: 2867: 818: 775: 413: 132: 69: 1643:

was improved by Bakewell, and in turn the Lincoln was used to develop the subsequent breed, named the

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from 1348 onward accelerated the break-up of the feudal system in England. Many farms were bought by

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A Vital Matter: Alchemy, Cornucopianism, and Agricultural Improvement in Seventeenth-Century England

3005: 2454: 7386: 7381: 6807: 5627: 5328: 4914: 4827: 4812: 4767: 4464: 4366: 3378: 3333: 651: 485: 398: 383: 321: 247: 6799: 7569: 7508: 6035: 5622: 5573: 5255: 4978: 4973: 4864: 4832: 4487: 4322: 4314: 2824:

The Rise and Fall of Infrastructures: Dynamics of Evolution and Technological Change in transport

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Clark, Gregory. "Too much revolution: Agriculture in the industrial revolution, 1700–1860". In

3194: 1839: 1776: 1768: 1764: 1445: 646: 631: 502: 495: 257: 51: 1424:). It spread from northern Italy into Germany and beyond, becoming an important staple in the 7585: 7482: 6849: 6475: 6465: 6232: 6080: 5947: 5925: 5858: 5662: 5568: 5139: 4919: 4282: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4075: 3560: 1868: 1733: 1510: 1291: 744: 490: 316: 252: 225: 3255:

individual crop yields (except for rice, suited only to some parts of Mediterranean Europe).

3241: 3233: 3006:"English Agricultural Output and Labour Productivity, 1250–1850: Some Preliminary Estimates" 2455:"English Agricultural Output and Labour Productivity, 1250–1850: Some Preliminary Estimates" 2294:

The First Modern Economy: Success, Failure, and Perseverance of the Dutch Economy, 1500-1815

6917: 6455: 6448: 6103: 6040: 6012: 5987: 5982: 5957: 5915: 5717: 5672: 5667: 5496: 5384: 5220: 5010: 4869: 4822: 4384: 4376: 4125: 3934: 2898: 2831: 1881: 1672:

Besides the organic fertilisers in manure, new fertilisers were slowly discovered. Massive

796: 687: 440: 393: 64: 1458:. The part allocated to "common pasture" is shown in the north-east section, shaded green. 8: 7564: 6075: 6030: 6022: 5967: 5875: 5810: 5501: 5408: 4837: 4537: 4361: 4165: 4160: 3663:

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1591: 408: 3496:

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2902: 2255:

https://www.census.gov/library/publications/1975/compendia/hist_stats_colonial-1970.html

1802:

was a worldwide economic recession that began in 1873 and ended around 1896. It hit the

41: 7534: 6829: 6824: 6151: 6141: 6108: 6007: 5977: 5870: 5845: 5805: 5396: 5318: 5144: 5060: 4633: 4175: 3817: 3668: 3643: 3590: 3577:

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3542: 3260: 3212: 3187: 3129: 2941: 2914: 2435: 2345: 2275: 2107: 2090:

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2046: 1811: 1725: 1644: 1627: 1561: 1381: 1263: 862: 677: 641: 230: 114: 3175:

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2124:

In Prussia, the share of non-agricultural manpower rose by 30% between 1815 and 1849.

1509:. Many of them moved to the cities in search of work in the emerging factories of the 7559: 5920: 5890: 5391: 4988: 4961: 4909: 4879: 4351: 4180: 3738: 3728: 3709: 3683: 3603: 3501: 3407: 3245: 3198: 3159: 3151: 3141: 3085: 3060: 2789: 2764: 2712: 2554: 1952: 1689: 1635: 1514: 1467: 1425: 1341: 1277: 1259: 779: 740: 559: 532: 480: 450: 299: 242: 205: 3846: 3234: 2266:

Rasmussen, Wayne D. (1965). "The Civil War: A Catalyst of Agricultural Revolution".

6957: 6893: 6705: 6146: 6095: 5905: 5885: 5225: 5183: 5075: 4966: 4874: 4859: 4547: 4394: 4346: 4297: 4045: 3990: 3796: 3760: 3635: 3586: 3455: 3317: 2906: 2763:. Cambridge, New York: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge. p. 46. 2315: 2099: 2038: 1894: 1656: 1648: 854: 846: 843:

Transportation infrastructures, such as improved roads, canals, and later, railways

739:

the agricultural share of the labour force, adding to the urban workforce on which

537: 445: 430: 168: 127: 6433: 3772: 3369:, ed. Paul C. Ropp, Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1990, pp 249-251. 1705:), were found and started to be imported after about 1830. Significant imports of 821:: fodder crops, particularly turnips and clover, replaced leaving the land fallow. 7544: 6945: 6859: 6401: 6322: 5727: 5692: 5682: 5652: 5526: 5200: 4936: 4292: 4287: 4080: 3969: 3964: 3494: 3414:, Los Angeles & London: University of California Press, 1991, pp 82, 86, 413. 2993: 2974: 2932:

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2564: 1799: 1748: 1479: 1396:, southwestern Germany, and eastern France, but took longer to spread elsewhere. 1311: 1218:$ Average annual growth rate of agricultural output is per agricultural worker. 755:

general statements about "the Agricultural Revolution" are difficult to sustain.

743:

depended: the Agricultural Revolution has therefore been cited as a cause of the

507: 279: 264: 200: 183: 5431: 3787:

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1529:. The process of enclosure was largely complete by the end of the 18th century. 7539: 6995: 6428: 5972: 5712: 5600: 5491: 5486: 5156: 4652: 4210: 4023: 3954: 3924: 3909: 3727:. The Economic History of the United States: Vol. 4. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe. 2374: 1898: 1851: 1681: 1673: 1506: 1273: 1188:

Yields have had the seed used to plant the crop subtracted to give net yields.

306: 3808:

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3764: 3163: 2319: 2103: 2042: 1497:" with the land owners. Many of these enclosures were accomplished by acts of 799:

in that it occurred in many regions across the world in a short span of time.

7605: 7444: 7423: 6305: 6085: 5863: 5815: 5795: 5707: 5350: 5215: 5173: 5119: 4941: 4762: 4659: 4389: 3985: 3914: 3742: 3626:

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3565: 3439: 3423: 3349: 2640: 2125: 1729: 1713: 1640: 1522: 1494: 1400: 1389: 1239: 825: 759: 579: 512: 294: 195: 188: 6332: 3800: 2426:

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840:

Development of a national market free of tariffs, tolls and customs barriers

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3189:

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6114: 5962: 5937: 5930: 5751: 5578: 5260: 5195: 5178: 5151: 5124: 5109: 5085: 4956: 4797: 4725: 4640: 4626: 4205: 4135: 3893: 3840: 3750: 2169:

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1910: 1792: 1784: 1780: 1752: 1526: 1486: 1475: 1455: 1441: 1404: 1354: 1349: 1268: 1255: 1251: 527: 353: 343: 284: 269: 178: 163: 137: 33: 4399: 3821: 3365:

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2945: 2439: 2228:

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2050: 2008:

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1995:

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7549: 7418: 6972: 6888: 5790: 4951: 4899: 4894: 4777: 4150: 3949: 3672: 3647: 2279: 2111: 2027:"Economic structure and agricultural productivity in Europe, 1300-1800" 1827: 1823: 1788: 1631: 1450: 1247: 837:: the removal of common rights to establish exclusive ownership of land 522: 470: 465: 358: 348: 237: 215: 210: 3546: 2918: 5677: 5161: 4889: 4155: 4140: 3959: 3939: 2213:

In Japan the yields took off in the 1880s. Brown, Lester R., (2012).

2180:

In Russia in 1867 – 1915, cereal yields increased by 48% and in 1861

1906: 1756: 1721: 1702: 1698: 1547: 1463: 1437: 1393: 1369: 834: 460: 3639: 3600:

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2452: 727:

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7454: 4854: 4597: 4334: 3929: 3517:

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2910: 1361: 1299: 425: 2078:

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1220:

Other authors offer different estimates. (1 bushel/acre = 0.06725

7449: 6725: 5210: 5166: 5134: 4190: 4145: 2181: 1717: 1566: 1421: 1337: 1316: 1307: 1225: 792: 728: 274: 220: 3155: 2189: 1331: 5747: 5188: 5114: 4782: 4772: 2215:

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1760: 1751:(1803–1815) and the resumption of American trade following the 1706: 1490: 1385: 1345: 1303: 1221: 1195: 828: 771: 767: 763: 173: 4694: 3680:

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1842:, improved dramatically in the last half of the 19th century. 872: 27:

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2200:

Also for Russia, В. Г. Растянников, & И. В. Дерюгина,

4503:

Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences

3564: 3207:

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2830:. Heidelberg and New York: Physica-Verlag. Archived from 1787:

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1357: 4056:

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3398:, Lanham: University Press of America, 2007, pp 115-116. 758:

One important change in farming methods was the move in

1401:

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1250:

such as turnips and clover was not permitted under the

2080:, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1996, p 135. 1651:

and had a square, meaty body with straight top lines.

3876: 3306:

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2593: 2591: 2589: 2530: 2363:

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2305: 831:

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1532: 4061:Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs 3493: 3340:, Massachusetts: Routledge, 1984, pp 238-240, 257. 3186: 2586: 1613: 6439:Glasgow International Financial Services District 5461: 3283:, Tokyo: Princeton University Press, 1970, p 105. 3031:"Late Blight of Potatoes and Tomatoes Fact sheet" 2409: 2407: 2243:. Washington: US Department of Agriculture, 1911. 1554: 7603: 3324:, London: Routledge, 1967, pp 29, 180, 210, 455. 1755:(1812–1815) led to the enactment in 1815 of the 1732:they yielded a high phosphate mixture (called " 4019:Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board 3836:"Agricultural Revolution in England 1500–1850" 3753:(2004). "Blith, Walter (bap. 1605, d. 1654)". 3412:Revolution and Rebellion in Early Modern World 2516:"Agricultural Revolution in England 1500–1850" 2404: 2204:, Москва: Институт востоковедения, 2009, p 71. 6785: 5447: 4710: 3862: 3708:. 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(1983). 1466:from the Middle Ages. In the feudal 5415: 4533:Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre 4460:National Farmers' Union of Scotland 3693:Niermeier-Dohoney, Justin. 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Archived from 2399:Agricultural Development in China 1965: 819:Norfolk four-course crop rotation 7514:Scottish 18th-century literature 6801: 6753: 6744: 6743: 5596:Office for Budget Responsibility 5414: 5402: 5390: 5379: 5378: 4679: 4678: 4201:Scottish Agricultural Revolution 4196:Rural Reconstruction Association 4014:Agricultural Land Classification 3619:The Farmer in England, 1650–1980 3556:(2nd ed. 1999) pp. 206–240. 3473:The Hyperbola of the World Order 3396:The Hyperbola of the World Order 3383:European Urbanization, 1500-1800 3338:European Urbanization, 1500-1800 2336:, London: Routledge, 1966, p 24. 2308:Explorations in Economic History 2076:Also for France, P. T. Hoffman, 1928:Scottish Agricultural Revolution 1817: 1759:(protective tariffs) to protect 1533:Development of a national market 1501:in the 16th and 17th centuries. 868: 671: 40: 5532:Governor of the Bank of England 5334:Agriculture and the environment 5071:British Agricultural Revolution 4724: 4041:British Cattle Movement Service 3723:Taylor, George Rogers (1969) . 3617:Hoyle, Richard W., ed. (2013). 3465: 3449: 3433: 3428:European Revolutions, 1492-1992 3417: 3401: 3388: 3372: 3359: 3354:European Revolutions, 1492-1992 3343: 3327: 3311: 3298: 3286: 3273: 3225: 3178: 3169: 3122: 3110: 3073: 3048: 3023: 3018:British Agricultural Statistics 3011: 2999: 2980: 2961: 2952: 2934:The Agricultural History Review 2925: 2882: 2868:"Robert Bakewell (1725 - 1795)" 2860: 2848: 2814: 2802: 2777: 2749: 2737: 2725: 2700: 2691: 2682: 2673: 2664: 2655: 2629: 2603: 2575: 2507: 2495: 2483: 2471: 2446: 2428:The Agricultural History Review 2419: 2388: 2368: 2355: 2339: 2326: 2299: 2286: 2259: 2246: 2233: 2220: 2207: 2194: 2174: 2161: 2148: 2135: 2118: 2092:The Journal of Economic History 1845: 1822:Before the introduction of the 1728:. When these were dissolved in 1667: 1614:Selective breeding of livestock 824:The Dutch acquired the Chinese 716:British Agricultural Revolution 657:Agriculture and the environment 124:British Agricultural Revolution 18:British agricultural revolution 7504:Romantic literature in English 6711:Federation of Small Businesses 5278:Climate change and agriculture 5051:Agriculture in the Middle Ages 4528:National Non-Food Crops Centre 4470:Young Farmers' Clubs of Ulster 4036:Animal and Plant Health Agency 3500:. Cambridge University Press. 3138:Johns Hopkins University Press 2784:Taylor, George Rogers (1969). 2518:. British History. BBC History 2156:Deutsche Geschichte, 1648–1789 2083: 2070: 2057: 2000: 1987: 1974: 1940: 1555:Transportation infrastructures 1348:which was invented in Chinese 720:Second Agricultural Revolution 105:Agriculture in the Middle Ages 13: 1: 6931:Floral Badge of Great Britain 6481:Alternative Investment Market 6461:London Interbank Offered Rate 6417:List of UK building societies 5463:Economy of the United Kingdom 4566:Royal Agricultural University 4521:National Museum of Rural Life 4029:Meat and Livestock Commission 3945:Müller Milk & Ingredients 3889:Economy of the United Kingdom 2365:, London: Methuen, 1967, p 8. 2241:Agricultural Statistics, 1910 2190:https://istmat.org/node/21585 1933: 7647:History of the British Isles 6867:Anglo-French War (1778–1783) 6696:British Chambers of Commerce 6691:British Bankers' Association 5056:Arab Agricultural Revolution 4516:Museum of English Rural Life 4483:British Egg Industry Council 4340:Scottish Crofting Foundation 3773:UK public library membership 2788:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 132. 2006:See also Joel Mokry (2009), 1891:liberte, egalite, fraternite 1810:in the decade following the 1808:Second Industrial Revolution 1431: 1375: 110:Arab Agricultural Revolution 7: 6821:Constitutional development 5584:Chancellor of the Exchequer 5564:Financial Conduct Authority 4066:Institute for Animal Health 3810:Agricultural History Review 3789:The Economic History Review 3657:The Agricultural Revolution 3628:The Economic History Review 3598:Harrison, L. F. C. (1989). 3579:The Economic History Review 2143:Journal of Economic History 1980:G. E. Mingay (ed.) (1977), 1916: 1712:By-products of the British 1542:national market for wheat. 1462:In Europe, agriculture was 10: 7668: 6731:UK Payments Administration 5683:New Imperialism 1830s–1945 5507:Government-owned companies 5016:Agriculture in Mesoamerica 4557:Universities and colleges 4553:Tenant Farmers Association 3996:Rare Breeds Survival Trust 3700:The University of Chicago. 3678:Mingay, Gordon E. (1977). 3482: 3265:: CS1 maint: postscript ( 3217:: CS1 maint: postscript ( 1435: 776:Norfolk four-course system 70:Agriculture in Mesoamerica 7578: 7555:Proclamation of Rebellion 7527: 7491: 7470: 7437: 6983: 6938: 6924: 6814: 6739: 6674: 6491: 6390: 6255: 6248: 6164: 6094: 6021: 5996: 5844: 5833: 5806:National champions policy 5801:Recessions and recoveries 5778: 5718:1979 Winter of Discontent 5653:1659–1849 Navigation Acts 5645: 5636: 5628:UK Trade & Investment 5537:Monetary Policy Committee 5515: 5469: 5375: 5366:Universities and colleges 5342: 5286: 5234: 5095: 4999: 4984:Universities and colleges 4796: 4789: 4755: 4732: 4674: 4618: 4585: 4478: 4433: 4413: 4375: 4367:Scotland Food & Drink 4313: 4261: 4229: 4116: 4109: 4086:Rights of way in Scotland 4004: 3978: 3902: 3884: 3532:Southern Economic Journal 3080:Landes, David S. (1969). 3055:Landes, David S. (1969). 3008:. Accessed 21 March 2012. 2707:Landes, David S. (1969). 2320:10.1016/j.eeh.2011.11.002 2104:10.1017/S0022050700079171 2067:, 20, (1965): pp 1091—17. 2043:10.1017/S1361491600000125 2025:Allen, Robert C. (2000). 1264:three field crop rotation 1185: 595:Universities and colleges 555:Universities and colleges 7652:Agricultural revolutions 7632:19th-century revolutions 7627:18th-century revolutions 7622:17th-century revolutions 7617:16th-century revolutions 7612:15th-century revolutions 6808:Kingdom of Great Britain 5743:2009 bank rescue package 5738:2008 bank rescue package 5703:1929–39 Great Depression 5574:HM Revenue & Customs 5482:Employee-owned companies 5351:Agriculturist profession 4828:Agricultural engineering 4813:Agricultural cooperative 4571:Scotland's Rural College 3704:Snell, K. D. M. (1985). 3655:Kerridge, Eric (2005) . 3020:. Accessed 6 April 2011. 2996:. Accessed 6 April 2012. 2977:. Accessed 3 April 2012. 2821:Grubler, Arnulf (1990). 1697:(11–16% nitrogen, 8–12% 1680:) deposits found in the 1605:Rise in domestic farmers 1208:Barley 3.5–4.30 bu/acre; 580:Agriculturist profession 399:Agricultural engineering 384:Agricultural cooperative 7570:Welsh Methodist revival 7509:Romanticism in Scotland 6906:Agricultural Revolution 6872:Anglo-Dutch (1780–1784) 5911:List of counties by GVA 5693:1873–79 Long Depression 5658:Agricultural Revolution 5623:UK Statistics Authority 5256:Agricultural wastewater 4979:Sustainable food system 4974:Sustainable agriculture 4865:Animal-free agriculture 4833:Agricultural technology 4488:British Poultry Council 4450:Farmers' Union of Wales 4278:Agriculture in Cheshire 4121:Agricultural Revolution 3801:10.1111/1468-0289.00123 3515:Temple, Robert (1986). 3136:, Baltimore, Maryland: 2549:Temple, Robert (2007). 1779:, and sheep farmers by 1336:The Dutch acquired the 826:heavy, mould-board iron 786: 550:Sustainable food system 545:Sustainable agriculture 436:Animal-free agriculture 404:Agricultural technology 7519:Blue Stockings Society 6932: 6855:American Revolutionary 6721:Institute of Directors 6686:Business organisations 6611:Science and technology 6504:International students 6216:Working Time Directive 5589:Debt Management Office 5356:Agricultural machinery 5314:History of agriculture 5299:Agriculture by country 5294:Agricultural machinery 5251:Agricultural pollution 5246:Agricultural expansion 5021:Austronesian expansion 4932:Mechanised agriculture 4508:James Hutton Institute 4498:Fresh Start Initiative 4171:Highland Potato Famine 3572:. Boston: John Putnam. 2637:"The Rotherham Plough" 2611:"The Rotherham Plough" 2186:Исторические Материалы 1878: 1840:agricultural machinery 1777:foot-and-mouth disease 1459: 1446:Tragedy of the commons 876:Crop Yield net of Seed 678:Agriculture portal 637:History of agriculture 622:Agriculture by country 617:Agricultural machinery 585:Agricultural machinery 503:Mechanised agriculture 75:Austronesian expansion 6930: 6716:Industry trade groups 6476:London Stock Exchange 6466:London Metal Exchange 6233:Trades Union Congress 5926:East London Tech City 5770:Cost-of-living crisis 5708:1948–52 Marshall Plan 5663:Industrial Revolution 5361:Government ministries 5304:Agriculture companies 5140:Convertible husbandry 4818:Agricultural supplies 4768:Agricultural Engineer 4465:Ulster Farmers' Union 4283:Agriculture in London 4101:Single Payment Scheme 4091:Rural Payments Agency 4076:Quality Meat Scotland 3765:10.1093/ref:odnb/2655 3534:80.1 (2013): 162–186. 3519:. Simon and Schuster. 3185:Merson, John (1990). 1897:was succeeded by the 1873: 1869:Industrial Revolution 1523:General Enclosure Act 1511:Industrial Revolution 1453: 1292:Convertible husbandry 1211:Oats 2.5–4.0 bu/acre; 859:Increase in farm size 745:Industrial Revolution 627:Agriculture companies 590:Government ministries 389:Agricultural supplies 226:Convertible husbandry 6918:Financial Revolution 6877:French Revolutionary 6510:Entertainment & 5733:Late-2000s recession 5728:1992 Black Wednesday 5668:Financial Revolution 5497:FTSE Fledgling Index 5011:Neolithic Revolution 4870:Cellular agriculture 4823:Agricultural science 4215:Women's Land Army - 4126:British timber trade 3935:Frontier Agriculture 3665:Agricultural History 3602:. Glasgow: Fontana. 2643:on 24 September 2015 2553:. Inner Traditions. 2395:Dwight Heald Perkins 2268:Agricultural History 1993:Peter Jones (2016), 1716:like bones from the 797:Neolithic Revolution 441:Cellular agriculture 394:Agricultural science 65:Neolithic Revolution 7565:Speenhamland system 7013:Acts of Parliament: 7008:List of parliaments 6206:Equal opportunities 5811:Economic liberalism 5713:1974 Three-Day Week 5698:1926 general strike 5502:FTSE SmallCap Index 4538:Rothamsted Research 4362:Royal Highland Show 4262:Nations and regions 4166:Highland Clearances 4161:Haughley Experiment 3130:Hounshell, David A. 2987:British food puzzle 2903:1984TrIBG...9...22W 2746:, pp. 135, 145 2504:, pp. 116, 117 1909:that feeds, as the 1804:agricultural sector 1592:Cornelius Vermuyden 1344:, adjustable depth 1284:and members of the 1252:common field system 322:Steam sterilization 7535:East India Company 6933: 6901:Panic of 1796–1797 6621:Telecommunications 5786:Economic geography 5145:Rotational grazing 5061:Columbian exchange 4176:Lowland Clearances 2992:2012-04-15 at the 2973:2011-07-15 at the 2857:, pp. 205–206 2811:, pp. 137–140 2346:Herman Van der Wee 1876:industrialization. 1812:American Civil War 1765:Great Irish Famine 1726:South East England 1628:selective breeding 1460: 1410:Sir Frederick Eden 1382:Columbian exchange 863:Selective breeding 231:Rotational grazing 115:Columbian exchange 7599: 7598: 7560:South Sea Company 6850:French and Indian 6767: 6766: 6670: 6669: 6449:Lloyd's of London 6160: 6159: 6132:Industrialisation 6046:Industrialisation 5829: 5828: 5758:COVID-19 pandemic 5678:1815–46 Corn Laws 5429: 5428: 4989:Urban agriculture 4962:Rice-duck farming 4910:Intensive farming 4880:Extensive farming 4692: 4691: 4581: 4580: 4429: 4428: 4257: 4256: 4181:Napier Commission 3771:(Subscription or 3715:978-0-521-24548-7 3667:(1963): 123–133. 3609:978-0-00-686163-8 3507:978-0-521-56859-3 3408:Jack A. Goldstone 3204:978-0-87951-397-9 3147:978-0-8018-2975-8 3091:978-0-521-09418-4 3066:978-0-521-09418-4 2770:978-0-521-09418-4 2757:Landes, David. S. 2718:978-0-521-09418-4 2697:Langer, p. 58-60. 2679:Langer, p. 56-58. 2617:on 14 August 2014 2600:, pp. 18, 20 1958:978-0-582-33130-3 1690:John Thomas North 1645:Dishley Leicester 1636:genetic diversity 1515:English Poor Laws 1468:open-field system 1426:Habsburg monarchy 1260:open-field system 1233: 1232: 741:industrialization 712: 711: 560:Urban agriculture 533:Rice-duck farming 481:Intensive farming 451:Extensive farming 16:(Redirected from 7659: 7001:House of Commons 6894:Jacobite risings 6806: 6805: 6804: 6794: 6787: 6780: 6771: 6770: 6757: 6756: 6747: 6746: 6706:Co-operatives UK 6296:Hydroelectricity 6271:Renewable energy 6253: 6252: 6137:Renewable energy 6118: 6066:Renewable energy 5854:Atlantic Gateway 5842: 5841: 5673:Panic of 1796–97 5643: 5642: 5456: 5449: 5442: 5433: 5432: 5418: 5417: 5406: 5405: 5394: 5382: 5381: 5226:Wildlife farming 5076:Green Revolution 5027:Ancient history 4967:Rice-fish system 4875:Contract farming 4860:Animal husbandry 4719: 4712: 4705: 4696: 4695: 4682: 4681: 4548:Soil Association 4440: 4439: 4434:Non-governmental 4414:Northern Ireland 4395:Royal Welsh Show 4266: 4265: 4114: 4113: 4046:The Country Code 3991:Hedgerow removal 3920:Bernard Matthews 3871: 3864: 3857: 3848: 3847: 3825: 3804: 3776: 3768: 3746: 3719: 3660: 3651: 3622: 3613: 3594: 3573: 3571: 3541:(1993): 38–105. 3539:Past and Present 3520: 3511: 3499: 3476: 3469: 3463: 3456:Barrington Moore 3453: 3447: 3437: 3431: 3421: 3415: 3405: 3399: 3392: 3386: 3376: 3370: 3363: 3357: 3347: 3341: 3331: 3325: 3318:Barrington Moore 3315: 3309: 3302: 3296: 3290: 3284: 3277: 3271: 3270: 3264: 3256: 3239: 3229: 3223: 3222: 3216: 3208: 3192: 3182: 3176: 3173: 3167: 3166: 3126: 3120: 3119:, pp. 20–26 3114: 3108: 3102: 3096: 3095: 3077: 3071: 3070: 3052: 3046: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3027: 3021: 3015: 3009: 3003: 2997: 2984: 2978: 2965: 2959: 2956: 2950: 2949: 2929: 2923: 2922: 2886: 2880: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2864: 2858: 2852: 2846: 2845: 2843: 2842: 2836: 2829: 2818: 2812: 2806: 2800: 2799: 2781: 2775: 2774: 2753: 2747: 2741: 2735: 2734:, pp. 134–6 2729: 2723: 2722: 2704: 2698: 2695: 2689: 2686: 2680: 2677: 2671: 2668: 2662: 2659: 2653: 2652: 2650: 2648: 2633: 2627: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2607: 2601: 2595: 2584: 2579: 2573: 2572: 2546: 2540: 2534: 2528: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2511: 2505: 2499: 2493: 2487: 2481: 2475: 2469: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2459: 2450: 2444: 2443: 2423: 2417: 2411: 2402: 2392: 2386: 2372: 2366: 2359: 2353: 2343: 2337: 2330: 2324: 2323: 2303: 2297: 2290: 2284: 2283: 2263: 2257: 2250: 2244: 2237: 2231: 2226:J. I. Nakamura, 2224: 2218: 2211: 2205: 2198: 2192: 2178: 2172: 2165: 2159: 2152: 2146: 2139: 2133: 2122: 2116: 2115: 2087: 2081: 2074: 2068: 2061: 2055: 2054: 2022: 2011: 2004: 1998: 1991: 1985: 1978: 1972: 1969: 1963: 1962: 1944: 1882:Barrington Moore 1657:Dishley Longhorn 1641:Lincoln Longwool 1306:and current day 1205:Rye 2.5 bu/acre; 873: 704: 697: 690: 676: 675: 674: 538:Rice-fish system 446:Contract farming 431:Animal husbandry 169:Animal husbandry 128:Green Revolution 81:Ancient history 44: 30: 29: 21: 7667: 7666: 7662: 7661: 7660: 7658: 7657: 7656: 7602: 7601: 7600: 7595: 7574: 7545:Longitude prize 7523: 7487: 7466: 7433: 6979: 6934: 6922: 6860:Boston Massacre 6810: 6802: 6800: 6798: 6768: 6763: 6735: 6678: 6676: 6666: 6574:Pharmaceuticals 6487: 6402:Baltic Exchange 6393: 6386: 6258: 6244: 6166: 6156: 6112: 6090: 6017: 5999: 5992: 5837: 5835: 5825: 5821:Nationalisation 5774: 5632: 5527:Bank of England 5519: 5517: 5511: 5465: 5460: 5430: 5425: 5371: 5370: 5369: 5338: 5329:Poultry farming 5282: 5237: 5230: 5201:Poultry farming 5091: 5067:Modern history 5047:Post-classical 4995: 4994: 4993: 4937:Organic farming 4792: 4791: 4787: 4751: 4728: 4723: 4693: 4688: 4670: 4634:Clarkson's Farm 4614: 4577: 4474: 4435: 4425: 4409: 4371: 4309: 4253: 4225: 4105: 4081:Natural England 4006: 4000: 3974: 3970:Vestey Holdings 3965:Saputo Dairy UK 3898: 3880: 3875: 3832: 3783: 3770: 3735: 3716: 3640:10.2307/2593009 3610: 3527: 3525:Further reading 3508: 3485: 3480: 3479: 3471:Max Ostrovsky, 3470: 3466: 3454: 3450: 3438: 3434: 3422: 3418: 3406: 3402: 3394:Max Ostrovsky, 3393: 3389: 3377: 3373: 3364: 3360: 3348: 3344: 3332: 3328: 3316: 3312: 3303: 3299: 3291: 3287: 3278: 3274: 3258: 3257: 3252: 3230: 3226: 3210: 3209: 3205: 3183: 3179: 3174: 3170: 3148: 3127: 3123: 3115: 3111: 3103: 3099: 3092: 3078: 3074: 3067: 3053: 3049: 3039: 3037: 3029: 3028: 3024: 3016: 3012: 3004: 3000: 2994:Wayback Machine 2985: 2981: 2975:Wayback Machine 2966: 2962: 2957: 2953: 2930: 2926: 2887: 2883: 2873: 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1312:plant nutrients 1298:The farmers in 1219: 1189: 904: 899: 878:(bushels/acre) 877: 871: 847:Land conversion 812: 789: 708: 672: 670: 665: 664: 663: 662: 661: 652:Poultry farming 609: 601: 600: 599: 574: 566: 565: 564: 508:Organic farming 373: 365: 364: 363: 338: 328: 327: 326: 158: 148: 147: 146: 145: 144: 121:Modern history 101:Post-classical 54: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7665: 7655: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7634: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7597: 7596: 7594: 7593: 7588: 7582: 7580: 7576: 7575: 7573: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7540:British Empire 7537: 7531: 7529: 7525: 7524: 7522: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7495: 7493: 7489: 7488: 7486: 7485: 7480: 7474: 7472: 7468: 7467: 7465: 7464: 7463: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7441: 7439: 7435: 7434: 7432: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7405: 7404: 7397:Prime Minister 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7378: 7377: 7372: 7367: 7362: 7357: 7352: 7347: 7342: 7337: 7332: 7327: 7322: 7317: 7312: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7287: 7286: 7285: 7280: 7275: 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6556: 6554:Legal services 6551: 6546: 6545: 6544: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6508: 6507: 6506: 6495: 6493: 6489: 6488: 6486: 6485: 6484: 6483: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6452: 6451: 6441: 6436: 6434:Euronext.liffe 6431: 6426: 6421: 6420: 6419: 6414: 6404: 6398: 6396: 6388: 6387: 6385: 6384: 6383: 6382: 6377: 6369: 6368: 6367: 6366: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6347: 6346: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6320: 6319: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6303: 6298: 6293: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6263: 6261: 6250: 6246: 6245: 6243: 6242: 6237: 6236: 6235: 6225: 6220: 6219: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6198: 6197: 6196: 6186: 6181: 6179:Businesspeople 6176: 6170: 6168: 6162: 6161: 6158: 6157: 6155: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6106: 6100: 6098: 6092: 6091: 6089: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6027: 6025: 6019: 6018: 6016: 6015: 6010: 6004: 6002: 5994: 5993: 5991: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5973:Thames Gateway 5970: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5934: 5933: 5928: 5918: 5913: 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5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5192: 5191: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5170: 5169: 5159: 5157:Insect farming 5154: 5149: 5148: 5147: 5142: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5101: 5099: 5093: 5092: 5090: 5089: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5073: 5065: 5064: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5045: 5044: 5043: 5038: 5036:Ancient Greece 5033: 5025: 5024: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5005: 5003: 4997: 4996: 4992: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4970: 4969: 4964: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4928: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4846: 4845: 4840: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4804: 4803: 4802: 4800: 4794: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4786: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4759: 4757: 4753: 4752: 4750: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4733: 4730: 4729: 4722: 4721: 4714: 4707: 4699: 4690: 4689: 4687: 4686: 4675: 4672: 4671: 4669: 4668: 4663: 4656: 4653:Farmers Weekly 4649: 4644: 4637: 4630: 4622: 4620: 4616: 4615: 4613: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4601: 4600: 4589: 4587: 4583: 4582: 4579: 4578: 4576: 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3957: 3955:Norbrook Group 3952: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3925:Faccenda Foods 3922: 3917: 3912: 3910:ADAS (company) 3906: 3904: 3900: 3899: 3897: 3896: 3891: 3885: 3882: 3881: 3874: 3873: 3866: 3859: 3851: 3845: 3844: 3831: 3830:External links 3828: 3827: 3826: 3805: 3795:(2): 209–235. 3782: 3781:Historiography 3779: 3778: 3777: 3747: 3733: 3720: 3714: 3701: 3691: 3676: 3661: 3652: 3634:(2): 322–338. 3623: 3614: 3608: 3595: 3585:(3): 417–432. 3574: 3557: 3550: 3535: 3526: 3523: 3522: 3521: 3512: 3506: 3484: 3481: 3478: 3477: 3464: 3448: 3432: 3416: 3400: 3387: 3371: 3358: 3342: 3326: 3310: 3297: 3285: 3272: 3250: 3224: 3203: 3177: 3168: 3146: 3121: 3109: 3097: 3090: 3072: 3065: 3047: 3022: 3010: 2998: 2979: 2960: 2951: 2940:(2): 149–170. 2924: 2911:10.2307/621865 2881: 2859: 2847: 2813: 2801: 2795:978-0873321013 2794: 2776: 2769: 2748: 2736: 2724: 2717: 2699: 2690: 2681: 2672: 2670:Langer, p. 54. 2663: 2654: 2628: 2602: 2585: 2574: 2559: 2541: 2529: 2506: 2494: 2482: 2470: 2445: 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D. Chambers 2367: 2354: 2338: 2332:C. K. Warner, 2325: 2314:(2): 119–130. 2298: 2285: 2274:(4): 187–195. 2258: 2245: 2232: 2219: 2206: 2193: 2173: 2160: 2147: 2134: 2117: 2098:(4): 697–731. 2082: 2069: 2056: 2012: 1999: 1986: 1973: 1964: 1957: 1938: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1931: 1930: 1925: 1918: 1915: 1899:Industrial Age 1852:Samuel Hartlib 1847: 1844: 1819: 1816: 1730:sulphuric acid 1682:Atacama Desert 1677: 1674:sodium nitrate 1669: 1666: 1615: 1612: 1606: 1603: 1578: 1575: 1556: 1553: 1534: 1531: 1507:grazing rights 1433: 1430: 1377: 1374: 1333: 1330: 1286:mustard family 1231: 1230: 1216: 1215: 1212: 1209: 1206: 1203: 1183: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1160: 1159: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1137: 1136: 1133: 1130: 1127: 1124: 1121: 1118: 1114: 1113: 1110: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1098: 1095: 1091: 1090: 1087: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1068: 1067: 1064: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1045: 1044: 1041: 1038: 1035: 1032: 1029: 1026: 1022: 1021: 1018: 1015: 1012: 1009: 1006: 1003: 999: 998: 995: 992: 989: 986: 983: 980: 976: 975: 972: 969: 966: 963: 960: 957: 953: 952: 949: 946: 943: 940: 937: 934: 930: 929: 926: 923: 920: 917: 914: 911: 907: 906: 901: 896: 893: 890: 887: 884: 880: 879: 870: 867: 866: 865: 860: 857: 844: 841: 838: 832: 822: 811: 808: 788: 785: 780:fixes nitrogen 710: 709: 707: 706: 699: 692: 684: 681: 680: 667: 666: 660: 659: 654: 649: 644: 639: 634: 629: 624: 619: 613: 612: 611: 610: 607: 606: 603: 602: 598: 597: 592: 587: 582: 576: 575: 572: 571: 568: 567: 563: 562: 557: 552: 547: 542: 541: 540: 535: 525: 520: 515: 510: 505: 500: 499: 498: 493: 488: 478: 473: 468: 463: 458: 453: 448: 443: 438: 433: 428: 423: 418: 417: 416: 411: 401: 396: 391: 386: 381: 375: 374: 371: 370: 367: 366: 362: 361: 356: 351: 346: 340: 339: 334: 333: 330: 329: 325: 324: 319: 314: 309: 307:Slash-and-burn 304: 297: 292: 287: 282: 277: 272: 267: 262: 261: 260: 255: 250: 240: 235: 234: 233: 228: 218: 213: 208: 203: 198: 193: 192: 191: 186: 181: 176: 166: 160: 159: 154: 153: 150: 149: 143: 142: 141: 140: 135: 130: 125: 119: 118: 117: 112: 107: 99: 98: 97: 92: 90:Ancient Greece 87: 79: 78: 77: 72: 67: 58: 57: 56: 55: 50: 49: 46: 45: 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7664: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7645: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7633: 7630: 7628: 7625: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7609: 7607: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7583: 7581: 7577: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7532: 7530: 7526: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7496: 7494: 7490: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7475: 7473: 7469: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7447: 7446: 7445:Great Britain 7443: 7442: 7440: 7436: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7424:Patriot Whigs 7422: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7407: 7403: 7400: 7399: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7392:Privy Council 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7292: 7291: 7288: 7284: 7281: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7015: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6993: 6992: 6989: 6988: 6986: 6982: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6960: 6959: 6956: 6952: 6949: 6948: 6947: 6944: 6943: 6941: 6937: 6929: 6919: 6916: 6912: 6909: 6908: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6895: 6892: 6891: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6861: 6858: 6857: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6837: 6835: 6831: 6830:Union of 1801 6828: 6826: 6825:Union of 1707 6823: 6822: 6820: 6819: 6817: 6813: 6809: 6795: 6790: 6788: 6783: 6781: 6776: 6775: 6772: 6760: 6752: 6750: 6742: 6741: 6738: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6683: 6681: 6679:organisations 6673: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6650: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6640: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6613: 6612: 6609: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6586: 6584: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6561: 6560: 6559:Manufacturing 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6514: 6513: 6509: 6505: 6502: 6501: 6500: 6497: 6496: 6494: 6490: 6482: 6479: 6478: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6450: 6447: 6446: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6412:List of banks 6410: 6409: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6399: 6397: 6395: 6389: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6372: 6370: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6350: 6348: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6330: 6329: 6326: 6325: 6324: 6321: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6306:North Sea oil 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6273: 6272: 6268: 6265: 6264: 6262: 6260: 6254: 6251: 6247: 6241: 6238: 6234: 6231: 6230: 6229: 6228:Trades unions 6226: 6224: 6221: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6203: 6202: 6199: 6195: 6192: 6191: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6171: 6169: 6163: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6116: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6101: 6099: 6097: 6093: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6028: 6026: 6024: 6020: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6005: 6003: 6001: 5995: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5923: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5865: 5864:Big City Plan 5862: 5861: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5851: 5849: 5847: 5843: 5840: 5832: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5816:Privatisation 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5796:Gold standard 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5783: 5781: 5777: 5771: 5768: 5764: 5761: 5760: 5759: 5756: 5753: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5723:1986 Big Bang 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5650: 5648: 5646:Chronological 5644: 5641: 5639: 5635: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5603: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5581: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5529: 5528: 5525: 5524: 5522: 5514: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5477:Co-operatives 5475: 5474: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5457: 5452: 5450: 5445: 5443: 5438: 5437: 5434: 5423: 5422: 5413: 5411: 5410: 5401: 5399: 5398: 5393: 5389: 5387: 5386: 5377: 5374: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5345: 5341: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5324:Meat industry 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5309:Biotechnology 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5291: 5289: 5285: 5279: 5276: 5272: 5269: 5268: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5243: 5241: 5239: 5236:Environmental 5233: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5216:Sheep farming 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5190: 5187: 5186: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5168: 5165: 5164: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5137: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5120:Dairy farming 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5102: 5100: 5098: 5097:Farming Types 5094: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5068: 5066: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5048: 5046: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5031:Ancient Egypt 5029: 5028: 5026: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5008: 5006: 5004: 5002: 4998: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4959: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4942:Paludiculture 4940: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4912: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4844: 4843:Biotechnology 4841: 4839: 4836: 4835: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4805: 4801: 4799: 4795: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4763:Agriculturist 4761: 4760: 4758: 4754: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4734: 4731: 4727: 4720: 4715: 4713: 4708: 4706: 4701: 4700: 4697: 4685: 4677: 4676: 4673: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4661: 4660:Farming Today 4657: 4655: 4654: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4642: 4638: 4636: 4635: 4631: 4629: 4628: 4624: 4623: 4621: 4617: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4599: 4596: 4595: 4594: 4591: 4590: 4588: 4584: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4558: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4513: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4480: 4477: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4447: 4445: 4441: 4438: 4436:organisations 4432: 4422: 4419: 4418: 4416: 4412: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4385:Animal breeds 4383: 4382: 4380: 4378: 4374: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4341: 4338: 4337: 4336: 4333: 4329: 4326: 4325: 4324: 4323:Animal breeds 4321: 4320: 4318: 4316: 4312: 4306: 4303: 4299: 4296: 4294: 4291: 4290: 4289: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4267: 4264: 4260: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4236: 4234: 4232: 4228: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4118: 4115: 4112: 4108: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4021: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4011: 4009: 4003: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3986:Grazing marsh 3984: 3983: 3981: 3977: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3915:Arla Foods UK 3913: 3911: 3908: 3907: 3905: 3901: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3886: 3883: 3879: 3872: 3867: 3865: 3860: 3858: 3853: 3852: 3849: 3843: 3842: 3837: 3834: 3833: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3785: 3784: 3774: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3757: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3734:9780873321013 3730: 3726: 3721: 3717: 3711: 3707: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3692: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3624: 3620: 3615: 3611: 3605: 3601: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3568: 3562: 3561:Dodd, William 3558: 3555: 3551: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3533: 3529: 3528: 3518: 3513: 3509: 3503: 3498: 3497: 3491: 3490:Overton, Mark 3487: 3486: 3474: 3468: 3461: 3457: 3452: 3445: 3441: 3440:Theda Skocpol 3436: 3429: 3425: 3424:Charles Tilly 3420: 3413: 3409: 3404: 3397: 3391: 3384: 3380: 3375: 3368: 3362: 3355: 3351: 3350:Charles Tilly 3346: 3339: 3335: 3330: 3323: 3319: 3314: 3307: 3304:E. L. Jones, 3301: 3294: 3289: 3282: 3276: 3268: 3262: 3253: 3251:9780671620288 3247: 3243: 3238: 3237: 3228: 3220: 3214: 3206: 3200: 3196: 3191: 3190: 3181: 3172: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3125: 3118: 3113: 3106: 3101: 3093: 3087: 3083: 3076: 3068: 3062: 3058: 3051: 3036: 3032: 3026: 3019: 3014: 3007: 3002: 2995: 2991: 2988: 2983: 2976: 2972: 2969: 2964: 2955: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2928: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2885: 2870:. BBC History 2869: 2863: 2856: 2851: 2837:on 2012-03-01 2833: 2826: 2825: 2817: 2810: 2805: 2797: 2791: 2787: 2780: 2772: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2752: 2745: 2740: 2733: 2728: 2720: 2714: 2710: 2703: 2694: 2685: 2676: 2667: 2658: 2642: 2638: 2632: 2616: 2612: 2606: 2599: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2583: 2578: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2560:9781594772177 2556: 2552: 2545: 2539:, p. 77. 2538: 2533: 2517: 2510: 2503: 2498: 2492:, p. 167 2491: 2486: 2480:, p. 117 2479: 2474: 2456: 2449: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2422: 2415: 2410: 2408: 2400: 2396: 2391: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2371: 2364: 2361:E. L. Jones, 2358: 2351: 2347: 2342: 2335: 2329: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2302: 2295: 2289: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2262: 2256: 2249: 2242: 2236: 2229: 2223: 2216: 2210: 2203: 2197: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2177: 2170: 2164: 2157: 2151: 2144: 2138: 2131: 2127: 2126:Richard Tilly 2121: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2086: 2079: 2073: 2066: 2060: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2009: 2003: 1996: 1990: 1983: 1977: 1968: 1960: 1954: 1950: 1943: 1939: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1920: 1914: 1912: 1908: 1902: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1883: 1877: 1872: 1870: 1864: 1860: 1857: 1853: 1843: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1829: 1825: 1818:Seed planting 1815: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1796: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1773: 1770: 1769:potato blight 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1714:meat industry 1710: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1675: 1665: 1662: 1658: 1652: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1611: 1602: 1599: 1598:Water-meadows 1595: 1593: 1589: 1583: 1574: 1570: 1568: 1563: 1552: 1549: 1543: 1539: 1530: 1528: 1524: 1518: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1502: 1500: 1496: 1495:share cropped 1492: 1488: 1483: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1429: 1427: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1411: 1406: 1402: 1397: 1395: 1391: 1390:Low Countries 1387: 1383: 1373: 1371: 1365: 1363: 1359: 1356: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1329: 1325: 1322: 1318: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1302:(in parts of 1301: 1296: 1293: 1289: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1244: 1241: 1240:Crop rotation 1237: 1229: 1227: 1223: 1213: 1210: 1207: 1204: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1192: 1191: 1184: 1180: 1177: 1174: 1171: 1168: 1165: 1162: 1161: 1157: 1154: 1151: 1148: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1138: 1134: 1131: 1128: 1125: 1122: 1119: 1116: 1115: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1102: 1099: 1096: 1093: 1092: 1088: 1085: 1082: 1079: 1076: 1073: 1070: 1069: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1050: 1047: 1046: 1042: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1030: 1027: 1024: 1023: 1019: 1016: 1013: 1010: 1007: 1004: 1001: 1000: 996: 993: 990: 987: 984: 981: 978: 977: 973: 970: 967: 964: 961: 958: 955: 954: 950: 947: 944: 941: 938: 935: 932: 931: 927: 924: 921: 918: 915: 912: 909: 908: 902: 897: 894: 891: 888: 885: 882: 881: 874: 869:Crop rotation 864: 861: 858: 856: 852: 848: 845: 842: 839: 836: 833: 830: 827: 823: 820: 817: 816: 815: 807: 804: 800: 798: 794: 784: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 760:crop rotation 756: 753: 748: 746: 742: 736: 734: 730: 725: 721: 717: 705: 700: 698: 693: 691: 686: 685: 683: 682: 679: 669: 668: 658: 655: 653: 650: 648: 647:Meat industry 645: 643: 640: 638: 635: 633: 632:Biotechnology 630: 628: 625: 623: 620: 618: 615: 614: 605: 604: 596: 593: 591: 588: 586: 583: 581: 578: 577: 570: 569: 561: 558: 556: 553: 551: 548: 546: 543: 539: 536: 534: 531: 530: 529: 526: 524: 521: 519: 516: 514: 513:Paludiculture 511: 509: 506: 504: 501: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 483: 482: 479: 477: 474: 472: 469: 467: 464: 462: 459: 457: 454: 452: 449: 447: 444: 442: 439: 437: 434: 432: 429: 427: 424: 422: 419: 415: 414:Biotechnology 412: 410: 407: 406: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 376: 369: 368: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 341: 337: 332: 331: 323: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 308: 305: 303: 302: 298: 296: 295:Sharecropping 293: 291: 288: 286: 283: 281: 278: 276: 273: 271: 268: 266: 263: 259: 256: 254: 251: 249: 246: 245: 244: 241: 239: 236: 232: 229: 227: 224: 223: 222: 219: 217: 214: 212: 209: 207: 204: 202: 199: 197: 194: 190: 187: 185: 182: 180: 177: 175: 172: 171: 170: 167: 165: 162: 161: 157: 152: 151: 139: 136: 134: 131: 129: 126: 123: 122: 120: 116: 113: 111: 108: 106: 103: 102: 100: 96: 93: 91: 88: 86: 85:Ancient Egypt 83: 82: 80: 76: 73: 71: 68: 66: 63: 62: 60: 59: 53: 48: 47: 43: 39: 38: 35: 32: 31: 19: 7471:Architecture 7429:Kit-Cat Club 6939:Royal houses 6905: 6840:Seven Years' 6628:Supermarkets 6594:Construction 6589:Architecture 6424:Canary Wharf 6257:Resource and 6240:Unemployment 6211:Minimum wage 6174:Billionaires 6071:Silicon Glen 5943:M11 Corridor 5657: 5419: 5407: 5395: 5383: 5271:Overdrafting 5130:Goat farming 5070: 5041:Ancient Rome 4947:Permaculture 4905:Horticulture 4850:Agroforestry 4808:Agribusiness 4658: 4651: 4639: 4632: 4625: 4605:Fell farming 4131:Celtic field 4120: 4051:Crown Estate 3979:Conservation 3839: 3813: 3809: 3792: 3788: 3754: 3751:Thirsk, Joan 3724: 3705: 3694: 3679: 3664: 3659:. Routledge. 3656: 3631: 3627: 3618: 3599: 3582: 3578: 3566: 3553: 3538: 3531: 3516: 3495: 3472: 3467: 3459: 3451: 3443: 3435: 3427: 3419: 3411: 3403: 3395: 3390: 3382: 3379:Jan de Vries 3374: 3366: 3361: 3353: 3345: 3337: 3334:Jan de Vries 3329: 3321: 3313: 3305: 3300: 3292: 3288: 3280: 3275: 3235: 3227: 3188: 3180: 3171: 3133: 3124: 3112: 3100: 3081: 3075: 3056: 3050: 3038:. Retrieved 3034: 3025: 3013: 3001: 2982: 2963: 2954: 2937: 2933: 2927: 2897:(1): 22–36. 2894: 2890: 2884: 2872:. Retrieved 2862: 2855:Overton 1996 2850: 2839:. Retrieved 2832:the original 2823: 2816: 2809:Overton 1996 2804: 2785: 2779: 2760: 2751: 2744:Overton 1996 2739: 2732:Overton 1996 2727: 2708: 2702: 2693: 2684: 2675: 2666: 2657: 2645:. Retrieved 2641:the original 2631: 2619:. Retrieved 2615:the original 2605: 2582:Overton 1996 2577: 2550: 2544: 2537:Overton 1996 2532: 2520:. Retrieved 2509: 2502:Overton 1996 2497: 2490:Overton 1996 2485: 2478:Overton 1996 2473: 2461:. Retrieved 2448: 2431: 2427: 2421: 2414:Overton 1996 2398: 2390: 2382: 2379:G. E. Mingay 2370: 2362: 2357: 2349: 2341: 2333: 2328: 2311: 2307: 2301: 2293: 2288: 2271: 2267: 2261: 2248: 2240: 2235: 2227: 2222: 2214: 2209: 2201: 2196: 2185: 2176: 2168: 2163: 2155: 2150: 2142: 2137: 2129: 2120: 2095: 2091: 2085: 2077: 2072: 2064: 2059: 2034: 2030: 2007: 2002: 1994: 1989: 1981: 1976: 1967: 1948: 1942: 1903: 1895:Agrarian Age 1887:urbanization 1879: 1874: 1865: 1861: 1856:Walter Blith 1849: 1846:Significance 1832: 1821: 1797: 1774: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1711: 1671: 1668:19th century 1653: 1618:In England, 1617: 1608: 1596: 1584: 1580: 1571: 1558: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1519: 1503: 1484: 1461: 1414: 1398: 1379: 1366: 1355:East Anglian 1335: 1326: 1321:green manure 1297: 1290: 1278:fix nitrogen 1245: 1238: 1234: 1217: 1187: 813: 805: 801: 790: 770:in place of 757: 752:G. E. Mingay 749: 737: 724:agricultural 719: 715: 713: 518:Permaculture 476:Horticulture 421:Agroforestry 379:Agribusiness 336:Hydroculture 312:Smallholding 300: 95:Ancient Rome 7499:Periodicals 6845:Jenkins Ear 6604:Real estate 6328:Agriculture 6115:Cardiff Bay 6104:Agriculture 6061:Oil and gas 6036:Agriculture 5963:Silicon Fen 5938:M4 corridor 5931:London Plan 5752:Growth deal 5579:HM Treasury 5549:Company law 5518:governance, 5421:Wikiproject 5261:Overgrazing 5196:Pig farming 5179:Paddy field 5152:Hydroponics 5125:Fur farming 5110:Aquaculture 5105:Agrivoltaic 5086:Monoculture 5007:Prehistory 4957:Polyculture 4778:Farm worker 4756:Occupations 4726:Agriculture 4641:Countryfile 4627:The Archers 4206:Swing Riots 4136:Common land 4071:Legislation 3894:Agriculture 3841:BBC History 3816:(1): 1–20. 3117:Temple 1986 3105:Temple 1986 2598:Temple 1986 2416:, p. 1 2037:(1): 1–26. 1835:Jethro Tull 1785:corned beef 1767:in which a 1753:War of 1812 1701:, and 2–3% 1655:create the 1626:introduced 1624:Thomas Coke 1548:commodities 1527:land reform 1487:Black Death 1476:aristocracy 1442:Common land 1350:Han dynasty 1338:iron-tipped 1269:arable land 1256:Middle Ages 1248:cover crops 903:Growth rate 855:reclamation 851:land drains 528:Polyculture 354:Hydroponics 344:Aquaculture 285:Paddy field 270:Monoculture 164:Agrivoltaic 138:Monoculture 61:Prehistory 34:Agriculture 7606:Categories 7591:Royal arms 7550:Window tax 7492:Literature 7478:Queen Anne 7419:Whig Junto 7290:Elections: 6991:Parliament 6973:George III 6889:Jacobitism 6884:Whig plots 6658:High-speed 6653:Inter-city 6569:Automotive 6549:Healthcare 6537:Television 6527:Newspapers 6371:Materials 6286:Geothermal 6259:production 6201:Labour law 6184:Demography 6167:and labour 5948:Manchester 5859:Birmingham 5791:Free trade 5520:regulation 5287:Categories 4952:Plantation 4900:Free range 4895:Feed ratio 4593:Beekeeping 4151:Dutch barn 4005:Government 3950:NFU Mutual 3775:required.) 3688:0713617039 3621:. Ashgate. 3164:1104810110 3107:, p. 2841:2014-03-02 1934:References 1838:including 1824:seed drill 1789:Suez Canal 1722:coprolites 1632:inbreeding 1499:Parliament 1470:, peasant 1436:See also: 1342:mouldboard 1194:Wheat 2.5 1163:1850–1899 1140:1800–1849 1117:1750–1799 1094:1700–1749 1071:1650–1699 1048:1600–1649 1025:1550–1599 1002:1450–1499 979:1400–1449 956:1350–1399 933:1300–1349 910:1250–1299 774:under the 608:Categories 523:Plantation 471:Free range 466:Feed ratio 359:Aeroponics 349:Aquaponics 216:Free-range 211:Fertilizer 7438:Geography 7103:1760–1764 7098:1755–1759 7093:1750–1754 7088:1745–1749 7083:1740–1744 7078:1735–1739 7073:1730–1734 7068:1725–1729 7063:1720–1724 7058:1715–1719 6968:George II 6675:Trade and 6638:Transport 6585:Property 6564:Aerospace 6499:Education 6444:Insurance 6392:Financial 6276:Biodiesel 6152:Transport 6081:Transport 6041:Edinburgh 6013:Transport 5988:Wiltshire 5983:Transport 5958:Sheffield 5916:Liverpool 5779:Recurrent 5606:Banknotes 5516:Currency, 5470:Companies 5319:Livestock 5162:Livestock 4890:Farmhouse 4186:Rationing 4156:Enclosure 4141:Corn Laws 3960:Openfield 3903:Companies 3743:963968247 3261:cite book 3213:cite book 1913:put it." 1907:Pachamama 1781:liver rot 1757:Corn Laws 1724:found in 1703:potassium 1699:phosphate 1647:. It was 1438:Enclosure 1432:Enclosure 1394:Rhineland 1376:New crops 1370:Rotherham 1340:, curved 1274:fertility 1246:Planting 905:(%/year) 835:Enclosure 642:Livestock 461:Farmhouse 243:Intensive 206:Extensive 7483:Georgian 7455:Scotland 7382:Monarchy 6984:Politics 6963:George I 6911:Scotland 6749:Category 6677:business 6643:Aviation 6616:Internet 6522:Gambling 6429:The City 6394:services 6375:Forestry 6358:Scottish 6349:Fishing 6291:Fracking 6223:Pensions 6031:Aberdeen 6023:Scotland 5998:Northern 5968:Somerset 5876:Cornwall 5836:regions, 5834:Nations, 5618:Taxation 5385:Category 5211:Orchards 5184:Pastoral 4855:Agronomy 4684:Category 4610:Forestry 4598:June Gap 4512:Museums 4400:Tŷ unnos 4335:Crofting 4328:Shetland 4315:Scotland 4293:Cornwall 3930:Farmcare 3822:40275062 3563:(1847). 3492:(1996). 3156:83016269 3132:(1984), 2990:Archived 2971:Archived 2946:40274467 2759:(1969). 2569:8879113M 2440:40273204 2377:, & 2188:, 2015, 2051:41377861 2010:, p. 173 1917:See also 1718:knackers 1649:hornless 1362:Somerset 1317:nitrates 1300:Flanders 426:Agronomy 290:Ranching 7579:Symbols 7450:England 6958:Hanover 6815:History 6759:Commons 6726:Make UK 6633:Tourism 6599:Housing 6579:Exports 6542:Theatre 6407:Banking 6353:English 6249:Sectors 6194:Poverty 6147:Tourism 6142:Swansea 6127:History 6122:Fishing 6109:Cardiff 6076:Tourism 6056:History 6051:Fishing 6008:Belfast 6000:Ireland 5978:Tourism 5953:Reading 5901:Fishing 5881:Croydon 5871:Bristol 5846:England 5638:History 5611:Coinage 5409:Commons 5221:Terrace 5167:Pasture 5135:Grazing 5081:Organic 5001:History 4915:animals 4838:Digital 4798:General 4742:History 4737:Outline 4666:Hurdles 4586:Sectors 4421:Cuisine 4405:Fishing 4390:Cuisine 4357:Fishing 4347:Cuisine 4305:Fishing 4288:Cuisine 4270:England 4191:Run rig 4146:Diggers 4110:History 3673:3740366 3648:2593009 3483:Sources 3040:6 April 2899:Bibcode 2874:20 July 2280:3741036 2182:serfdom 2112:2116783 1793:reefers 1567:macadam 1478:or the 1472:farmers 1422:polenta 1308:Belgium 1226:hectare 1186:Notes: 951:−0.032 793:Prussia 764:turnips 729:England 486:animals 409:Digital 372:Related 317:Terrace 301:Colonia 280:Organic 275:Orchard 265:Natural 248:animals 221:Grazing 201:Dryland 184:poultry 156:On land 133:Organic 52:History 7414:Tories 6946:Stuart 6517:Cinema 6380:Mining 6301:Marine 6267:Energy 6189:Income 6165:People 6111: 6086:Whisky 5921:London 5891:Dorset 5838:cities 5763:Impact 5544:Budget 5397:Portal 5238:impact 5189:Bocage 5115:Cattle 4783:Herder 4773:Farmer 4443:Unions 4352:Factor 3820: 3769: 3741: 3731: 3712: 3686: 3671: 3646: 3606: 3569: 3547:651030 3545: 3504: 3248: 3201: 3162: 3154: 3144: 3088: 3063: 2944: 2919:621865 2917: 2792: 2767: 2715: 2647:17 May 2621:17 May 2567: 2557: 2438: 2278: 2110: 2049: 1997:, p. 7 1984:, p. 3 1955: 1761:cereal 1707:potash 1491:yeomen 1464:feudal 1444:, and 1392:, the 1386:potato 1346:plough 1304:France 1258:, the 1222:tonnes 1066:−0.11 1043:−0.16 928:−0.27 892:Barley 829:plough 772:fallow 768:clover 174:cattle 7528:Other 7460:Wales 7409:Whigs 7387:Peers 6532:Radio 6512:Media 6492:Other 6363:Welsh 6333:Cider 6311:Solar 6096:Wales 5906:Leeds 5886:Devon 5569:Gilts 5343:Lists 5206:Ranch 5174:Mixed 4925:crops 4747:Index 4619:Other 4561:CAFRE 4377:Wales 4298:Devon 3940:Genus 3818:JSTOR 3669:JSTOR 3644:JSTOR 3543:JSTOR 2942:JSTOR 2915:JSTOR 2835:(PDF) 2828:(PDF) 2522:1 May 2463:1 May 2458:(PDF) 2436:JSTOR 2276:JSTOR 2108:JSTOR 2047:JSTOR 1695:guano 1686:Chile 1676:(NaNO 1588:canal 1456:manor 1417:maize 1178:16.30 1175:31.36 1172:23.82 1169:26.18 1166:26.69 1158:0.63 1155:17.85 1152:28.37 1149:25.90 1146:19.52 1143:23.16 1135:0.37 1132:14.19 1129:20.90 1126:21.88 1123:17.87 1120:17.26 1112:0.70 1109:10.23 1106:12.27 1103:15.08 1100:14.82 1097:13.79 1089:0.64 1083:10.82 1080:12.48 1077:14.19 1074:11.36 1060:10.97 1057:11.16 1054:16.28 1051:10.45 1020:0.48 1008:13.96 997:0.08 985:10.46 974:0.61 939:10.36 919:10.25 916:10.71 900:beans 886:Wheat 733:Wales 718:, or 573:Lists 496:crops 258:crops 238:Hobby 196:Dairy 189:sheep 7586:Flag 7402:list 7375:1796 7370:1790 7365:1784 7360:1780 7355:1774 7350:1768 7345:1761 7340:1754 7335:1747 7330:1741 7325:1734 7320:1727 7315:1722 7310:1715 7305:1713 7300:1710 7295:1708 7283:1800 7278:1799 7273:1798 7268:1797 7263:1796 7258:1795 7253:1794 7248:1793 7243:1792 7238:1791 7233:1790 7228:1789 7223:1788 7218:1787 7213:1786 7208:1785 7203:1784 7198:1783 7193:1782 7188:1781 7183:1780 7178:1779 7173:1778 7168:1777 7163:1776 7158:1775 7153:1774 7148:1773 7143:1772 7138:1771 7133:1770 7128:1769 7123:1768 7118:1767 7113:1766 7108:1765 7053:1714 7048:1713 7043:1712 7038:1711 7033:1710 7028:1709 7023:1708 7018:1707 6951:Anne 6648:Rail 6343:Beer 6338:Wine 6323:Food 6316:Wind 6281:Coal 4920:pigs 4885:Farm 4647:Eglu 4249:2007 4244:2001 4239:1967 4221:WWII 3739:OCLC 3729:ISBN 3710:ISBN 3684:ISBN 3604:ISBN 3502:ISBN 3267:link 3246:ISBN 3219:link 3199:ISBN 3195:23–6 3160:OCLC 3152:LCCN 3142:ISBN 3086:ISBN 3061:ISBN 3042:2012 2876:2012 2790:ISBN 2765:ISBN 2713:ISBN 2649:2017 2623:2017 2555:ISBN 2524:2019 2465:2019 1953:ISBN 1911:Inca 1798:The 1661:bull 1622:and 1405:bump 1399:The 1380:The 1360:and 1358:fens 1282:flax 1200:acre 1086:8.39 1063:8.62 1040:7.62 1037:7.87 1034:8.40 1031:9.21 1028:7.88 1017:4.49 1014:5.95 1011:8.56 1005:6.48 994:5.42 991:6.55 988:8.44 982:5.89 971:5.86 968:7.49 965:9.74 962:9.21 959:7.46 948:6.14 945:6.60 942:9.46 936:8.24 925:6.03 922:7.24 913:8.71 898:Peas 895:Oats 883:Year 853:and 787:Term 766:and 731:and 714:The 491:pigs 456:Farm 253:pigs 179:pigs 6456:LCH 4217:WWI 3797:doi 3761:doi 3636:doi 3587:doi 2907:doi 2316:doi 2100:doi 2039:doi 1828:hoe 889:Rye 762:to 7608:: 4219:/ 3814:44 3812:. 3793:52 3791:. 3737:. 3642:. 3632:17 3630:. 3583:13 3581:. 3458:, 3442:, 3426:, 3410:, 3381:, 3352:, 3336:, 3320:, 3263:}} 3259:{{ 3244:. 3242:26 3215:}} 3211:{{ 3197:. 3158:, 3150:, 3140:, 3033:. 2938:34 2936:. 2913:. 2905:. 2893:. 2588:^ 2565:OL 2563:. 2432:14 2430:. 2406:^ 2397:, 2381:, 2348:, 2312:49 2310:. 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