1371:
1657:
346:
9293:
6698:
5683:
9303:
5693:
6708:
2640:
1289:) are networked together to effectively act as a giant computer, resulting in a computer-animated movie that can be completed in about one to five years (however, this process is not composed solely of rendering). A workstation typically costs $ 2,000 to $ 16,000 with the more expensive stations being able to render much faster due to the more technologically advanced hardware that they contain. Professionals also use digital
6718:
36:
777:
1119:, for example, uses 712 Avars (212 in the face alone). The computer does not usually render the skeletal model directly (it is invisible), but it does use the skeletal model to compute the exact position and orientation of that certain character, which is eventually rendered into an image. Thus by changing the values of Avars over time, the animator creates motion by making the character move from frame to frame.
4448:
926:
1172:. Even though Nighy does not appear in the movie himself, the movie benefited from his performance by recording the nuances of his body language, posture, facial expressions, etc. Thus motion capture is appropriate in situations where believable, realistic behavior and action is required, but the types of characters required exceed what can be done throughout the conventional costuming.
909:, an annual conference on computer graphics and interactive techniques that is attended by thousands of computer professionals each year. Developers of computer games and 3D video cards strive to achieve the same visual quality on personal computers in real-time as is possible for CGI films and animation. With the rapid advancement of real-time rendering quality, artists began to use
1374:
1373:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1379:
1055:
452:
Node based animation is useful for animating organic and chaotic shapes. By using nodes, an animator can build up a complex set of animation rules that can be applied either to many objects at once, or one very complex object. A good example of this would be setting the movement of particles to match
1362:. In this approach, the PAD model is used as a high level emotional space and the lower level space is the MPEG-4 Facial Animation Parameters (FAP). A mid-level Partial Expression Parameters (PEP) space is then used to in a two-level structure – the PAD-PEP mapping and the PEP-FAP translation model.
1319:
The realistic modeling of human facial features is both one of the most challenging and sought after elements in computer-generated imagery. Computer facial animation is a highly complex field where models typically include a very large number of animation variables. Historically speaking, the first
406:
can be set. These keyframes can be used in more complex ways such as animating in layers (combining multiple sets of key frame data), or keying control objects to deform or control other objects. For instance, a character's arms can have a skeleton applied, and the joints can have transformation and
461:
There are many different disciplines of 3D animation, some of which include entirely separate artforms. For example, hair simulation for computer animated characters in and of itself is a career path which involves separate workflows, and different software and tools. The combination of all or some
1157:
Each method has its advantages and as of 2007, games and films are using either or both of these methods in productions. Keyframe animation can produce motions that would be difficult or impossible to act out, while motion capture can reproduce the subtleties of a particular actor. For example, in
1376:
177:
associated with the drawing of new images that detracts from the illusion of realistic movement. Conventional hand-drawn cartoon animation often uses 15 frames per second in order to save on the number of drawings needed, but this is usually accepted because of the stylized nature of cartoons. To
401:
For 3D models, attributes can describe any characteristic of the object that can be animated. This includes transformation (movement from one point to another), scaling, rotation, and more complex attributes like blend shape progression (morphing from one shape to another). Each attribute gets a
781:
795:
A stylish woman walks down a Tokyo street filled with warm glowing neon and animated city signage. She wears a black leather jacket, a long red dress, and black boots, and carries a black purse. She wears sunglasses and red lipstick. She walks confidently and casually. The street is damp and
1275:
Computer animation can be created with a computer and an animation software. Some impressive animation can be achieved even with basic programs; however, the rendering can require much time on an ordinary home computer. Professional animators of movies, television and video games could make
780:
784:
783:
778:
1383:
1380:
1382:
82:
1381:
785:
444:
within a dimensional space. 4D noise can be used to do things like move a swarm of bees around; the first three dimensions correspond to the position of the bees in space, and the fourth is used to change the bee's position over time. Noise can also be used as a cheap replacement for
1384:
930:
928:
933:
932:
927:
1122:
There are several methods for generating the Avar values to obtain realistic motion. Traditionally, animators manipulate the Avars directly. Rather than set Avars for every frame, they usually set Avars at strategic points (frames) in time and let the computer interpolate or
934:
935:
782:
232:, and more. Fundamentally, computer-generated animation is a powerful tool which can improve the quality of animation by using the power of computing to unleash the animator's imagination. This is because Computer Generated Animation allows for things like
3075:
Bertails, Florence & Hadap, Sunil & Cani, Marie-Paule & Lin, Ming & Marschner, Stephen & Kim, Tae & Kacic-Alesic, Zoran & Ward, Kelly. (2008). Realistic Hair
Simulation - Animation and Rendering. ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 Class Notes.
427:
animation. This also allows the creation of complex movements such as ellipses with only a few keyframes. Lastly, interpolation allows the animator to change the framerate, timing, and even scale of the movements at any point in the animation process.
931:
172:
is one complete image). With rates above 75 to 120 frames per second, no improvement in realism or smoothness is perceivable due to the way the eye and the brain both process images. At rates below 12 frames per second, most people can detect
1305:, props, and other tools used for movie animation. Programs like Blender allow for people who can not afford expensive animation and rendering software to be able to work in a similar manner to those who use the commercial grade equipment.
1408:, the concept where the human audience (up to a point) tends to have an increasingly negative, emotional response as a human replica looks and acts more and more human. Films that have attempted photorealistic human characters, such as
197:, hybrid, and digital drawn animation. Creators animate using code or software instead of pencil-to-paper drawings. There are many techniques and disciplines in computer generated animation, some of which are digital representations of
135:. Instead of a physical model or illustration, a digital equivalent is manipulated frame-by-frame. Also, computer-generated animations allow a single graphic artist to produce such content without using actors, expensive set pieces, or
1437:
and characters, superheroes, or otherwise have non-realistic, cartoon-like proportions. Computer animation can also be tailored to mimic or substitute for other kinds of animation, like traditional stop-motion animation (as shown in
536:
1403:
One trend in computer animation has been the effort to create human characters that look and move with the highest degree of realism. A possible outcome when attempting to make pleasing, realistic human characters is the
1375:
1244:
was used to help designers pinpoint the gorilla's prime location in the shots and used his expressions to model "human" characteristics onto the creature. Serkis had earlier provided the voice and performance for
1180:
3D computer animation combines 3D models of objects and programmed or hand "keyframed" movement. These models are constructed out of geometrical vertices, faces, and edges in a 3D coordinate system. Objects are
1040:(2016) use CGI for the majority of the movie runtime, but still incorporate human actors into the mix. Computer animation in this era has achieved photorealism, to the point that computer-animated films such as
1268:
528:
Specifically the animation of characters. 3D character animation is its own specialty do to the complexity required to animated dancing, running, fighting, or high fidelity motion such as playing basketball.
4075:
1280:
computers are used. Graphics workstation computers use two to four processors, and they are a lot more powerful than an actual home computer and are specialized for rendering. Many workstations (known as a
143:
and repeatedly replaced by a new similar image but advanced slightly in time (usually at a rate of 24, 25, or 30 frames/second). This technique is identical to how the illusion of movement is achieved with
632:) animation. Drawings are either hand drawn (pencil to paper) or interactively drawn (on the computer) using different assisting appliances and are positioned into specific software packages. Within the
389:. This can happen as a separate process for animations developed for movies and short films, or it can be done in real-time when animated for videogames. After an animation is rendered, it can be
779:
596:." A sprite is an image that has a location associated with it. The location of the sprite is changed slightly, between each displayed frame, to make the sprite appear to move. The following
1150:
footage. When computer animation is driven by motion capture, a real performer acts out the scene as if they were the character to be animated. Their motion is recorded to a computer using
929:
1396:, in the sense that the scene is rendered to resemble a photograph or make the characters' animation believable and lifelike. Computer animation can also be realistic with or without the
546:
Cloth simulation is a subset of simulation but specifically for things like clothes. In modern 3D computer animation, cloth simulation is becoming more and more advanced and widely used.
494:
In 'Avatar, Way of Water', WETA workshops meticulously designed the digital muscles in the faces of their characters so that their emotional range could be comparable to that of a human.
1185:
much like real clay or plaster, working from general forms to specific details with various sculpting tools. Unless a 3D model is intended to be a solid color, it must be painted with "
857:
2974:
James, Oliver; von
Tunzelmann, Eugenie; Franklin, Paul; Thorne, Kip S. (2015-03-19). "Gravitational Lensing by Spinning Black Holes in Astrophysics, and in the Movie Interstellar".
181:
Films seen in theaters in the United States run at 24 frames per second, which is sufficient to create the illusion of continuous movement. For high resolution, adapters are used.
1328:
in 1989 and 1990 proved to be a turning point in the field by bringing together and consolidating multiple research elements and sparked interest among a number of researchers.
1220:
488:
A facial rig is a rig that includes muscles, deformation, mesh displacement, and other techniques to enable the animation of facial expressions, and phonemes for lip syncing.
3638:
1066:
1540:
and download speeds increased, making raster graphic animations more convenient. Some of the more complex vector graphic animations had a slower frame rate due to complex
816:
relevant to the input text. Advancements during the 2020s in the generation of high-quality, text-conditioned videos have largely been driven by the development of video
1482:
animation software applications exist as well. The ease at which these animations can be distributed has attracted professional animation talent also. Companies such as
1276:
photorealistic animation with high detail. This level of quality for movie animation would take hundreds of years to create on a home computer. Instead, many powerful
1773:
999:, which debuted in September 1994; the series followed the adventures of characters who lived inside a computer. The first feature-length computer-animated film is
423:
to control how the spline curves relative to the keyframes. Using interpolation allows 3D animators to dynamically change animations without having to redo all the
4085:
4053:
2685:
5072:
2771:
836:
4811:
4709:
4694:
3661:
4111:
5654:
5627:
319:
The VFX artists working on
Interstellar published a paper about the science and mathematics that were used to create the famous 'Gargantua' black hole.
640:
which fundamentally create an outline of the most important movements. The computer then fills in the "in-between frames", a process commonly known as
1429:
The goal of computer animation is not always to emulate live action as closely as possible, so many animated films instead feature characters who are
4898:
1725:
4332:
Paiva, Ana; Prada, Rui; Picard, Rosalind W. (2007). "Facial
Expression Synthesis using PAD Emotional Parameters for a Chinese Expressive Avatar".
5649:
864:-4 by Nikolai Konstantinov, depicting a cat moving around. In 1971, a computer animation called "Metadata" was created, showing various shapes.
3465:
3111:
1667:
1335:(with 46 "action units", "lip bite" or "squint"), which had been developed in 1976, became a popular basis for many systems. As early as 2001,
849:
in the 1960s by Edward E. Zajac, Frank W. Sinden, Kenneth C. Knowlton, and A. Michael Noll. Other digital animation was also practiced at the
1160:
1189:" for realism. A bone/joint animation system is set up to deform the CGI model (e.g., to make a humanoid model walk). In a process known as
385:
Before becoming a final product, 3D computer animations only exist as a series of moving shapes and systems within 3d software, and must be
9111:
5622:
978:
is the first
American fully 3D computer-animated series sold directly (made in 1993); its success inspired other animation series, such as
584:
For 2D figure animations, separate objects (illustrations) and separate transparent layers are used with or without that virtual skeleton.
4903:
2715:
1089:
In most 3D computer animation systems, an animator creates a simplified representation of a character's anatomy, which is analogous to a
713:
3137:
856:
In 1967, a computer animation named "Hummingbird" was created by
Charles Csuri and James Shaffer. In 1968, a computer animation called "
5734:
2049:
1595:(Animated PNG) offered a raster graphic alternative to animated GIF files that enables multi-level transparency not available in GIFs.
274:
Pixar developed cutting-edge technology for fully 3D animation. 'Toy Story' is considered a turning point for 3D animation in general.
552:
Pixar's 'Coco' advanced the use of high fidelity clothes by designing new tools to combine cloth simulation with character animation.
7859:
5664:
4851:
4795:
3276:
Melnik, Andrew; Ljubljanac, Michal; Lu, Cong; Yan, Qi; Ren, Weiming; Ritter, Helge (2024-05-06). "Video
Diffusion Models: A Survey".
3628:
8647:
4913:
4893:
2431:
2191:
1953:
4950:
4908:
4807:
1230:, designers had to design forces of extreme weather with the help of video references and accurate meteorological facts. For the
688:
1458:, call for movement that is not strictly realistic, and such principles still see widespread application in computer animation.
1193:, the virtual marionette is given various controllers and handles for controlling movement. Animation data can be created using
8046:
6451:
6423:
3264:
Multiple high quality text-to-video models, AI systems that can generate video clips from prompted text, were released in 2022.
2923:
2215:
850:
3998:
6754:
6476:
5659:
5644:
4714:
4429:
4406:
4368:
4349:
4232:
3182:
3027:
1509:
and frame rate, especially with larger screen sizes. The growing demand for higher quality web-based animations was met by a
1169:
1025:
2947:
7507:
7296:
6327:
5612:
4881:
4876:
4800:
4452:
4307:
2786:
1923:
358:
For 3D computer animations, objects (models) are built on the computer monitor (modeled) and 3D figures are rigged with a
6481:
5753:
4923:
4704:
4480:
2690:
1634:
9094:
7864:
5986:
4573:
4050:
3256:
462:
3D computer animation disciplines is commonly referred to within the animation industry as the 3D animation pipeline.
334:
The use of 3D lighting for 2D animation in this movie opened up a door to many new animation styles for 2D animators.
6633:
6461:
5991:
4790:
4387:
4296:
4277:
4251:
2857:
2443:
2407:
1697:
1544:
compared to some of the raster graphic alternatives. Many of the GIF and Flash animations were already converted to
1470:
that allow members to upload their own movies for others to view has created a growing community of independent and
6721:
5815:
4918:
4699:
4621:
2062:
1451:
755:
749:
664:
3793:
3572:
8211:
7291:
6109:
4841:
4192:
2898:
2710:
2623:
2582:
2365:
2221:
952:
1105:
for short. In human and animal characters, many parts of the skeletal model correspond to the actual bones, but
9074:
7420:
7231:
6400:
6362:
6019:
5727:
4856:
4785:
4681:
4651:
4631:
4119:
4025:
3504:
2449:
1302:
652:
4211:
9337:
8830:
8557:
8174:
7482:
7026:
6849:
6542:
6519:
6249:
6239:
5299:
5068:
4866:
4656:
4636:
3603:
2516:
2474:
2007:
1976:
1785:
1731:
1622:
1599:
1541:
1479:
1422:
830:
386:
375:
17:
289:
Toho studios won an Oscar for its ground breaking VFX on a small budget relative to most box-office movies.
9213:
8445:
8420:
7271:
7251:
6623:
6211:
6119:
6024:
5800:
5785:
5190:
4861:
4686:
4676:
4661:
4641:
2751:
2335:
1965:
1129:
1082:
1017:
toys and their owners, this groundbreaking film was also the first of many fully computer-animated movies.
1343:(FAPs) for lips, jaws, etc., and the field has made significant progress since then and the use of facial
9327:
8975:
8547:
8100:
7965:
7654:
6982:
6711:
6446:
5944:
4822:
4671:
4646:
2402:
2114:
2107:
1630:
1332:
1070:
1036:
9332:
8985:
8592:
8435:
7080:
6683:
6332:
5195:
5148:
2679:
2521:
2347:
1815:
1767:
1637:
on regular shapes, and has the advantage that animations may be accurately produced at any resolution.
968:
790:
671:
644:. Computer-assisted animation employs new technologies to produce content faster than is possible with
593:
419:
between keys plotted on a graph which represents the animation. Additionally, these splines can follow
101:
1552:
technology. However, compatibility was still problematic as some of the video formats such as Apple's
1101:, or T-Pose. The position of each segment of the skeletal model is defined by animation variables, or
950:
since 1976. Early examples of feature films incorporating CGI animation include the live-action films
8995:
8552:
8507:
8415:
7793:
7236:
7196:
6747:
6701:
6628:
6603:
6466:
6114:
5720:
5158:
4871:
4768:
4626:
4533:
2705:
2674:
2669:
2467:
2437:
2317:
2101:
2089:
1845:
1646:
1355:
1314:
1102:
1042:
8497:
7517:
7512:
7380:
7221:
6844:
6552:
6385:
5971:
5840:
5437:
5417:
4817:
2456:
2377:
2324:
2311:
1989:
1851:
1626:
1609:
Computer animation uses different techniques to produce animations. Most frequently, sophisticated
1410:
1397:
1340:
1204:
3D models rigged for animation may contain thousands of control points — for example, "Woody" from
986:
898:
304:
Was praised for its 2D animated style, showing the possibilities of what the format could portray.
8562:
8487:
8365:
7817:
7621:
6824:
6795:
6613:
6547:
6438:
6254:
5914:
5532:
5392:
4846:
4473:
4261:
4107:
2419:
2414:
2179:
2083:
2038:
2020:
1679:
1530:
1211:
659:
62:
3496:
3235:
407:
rotation keyframes set. The movement of the arm joints will then cause the arm shape to deform.
8759:
8707:
8572:
8293:
8085:
7894:
7766:
7599:
7502:
7487:
7281:
7169:
6678:
6509:
6390:
6157:
6147:
6142:
5432:
5210:
5163:
4578:
4553:
2746:
2725:
2395:
2281:
2167:
1893:
1762:
1226:
874:
a science-fiction film about a society in which robots live and work among humans. The sequel,
805:
682:
294:
117:
8943:
8502:
8144:
8034:
7691:
6648:
6618:
6608:
6504:
6418:
6294:
6234:
6201:
6191:
6074:
6039:
6029:
5966:
5835:
5810:
5805:
5770:
5558:
5527:
5517:
5442:
5402:
5173:
4942:
4508:
4316:
4080:
2766:
2599:
2461:
2197:
1929:
1899:
1557:
1537:
1267:
1255:
1236:
1231:
1134:
947:
743:
725:
648:, while still retaining the stylistic elements of traditionally drawn characters or objects.
645:
578:
198:
132:
57:
51:
8980:
4076:"Blah, humbug! 'A Christmas Carol's 3-D spin on Dickens well done in parts but lacks spirit"
1675:
9296:
9193:
9089:
8752:
8455:
8320:
8132:
8066:
7477:
7414:
7409:
7286:
7100:
7053:
6935:
6886:
6785:
6740:
6408:
6380:
6352:
6347:
6176:
6152:
6104:
6087:
6082:
6064:
6054:
6049:
6011:
5961:
5956:
5873:
5819:
5701:
5507:
5355:
5339:
5200:
5130:
5100:
5082:
5013:
5002:
4748:
4613:
4603:
4563:
3492:
3087:
2993:
2741:
2371:
2125:
2067:
1995:
1911:
1876:
1857:
1629:
may be used to create the animation and arrange its choreography. Another technique called
695:
629:
563:
416:
190:
121:
8:
8799:
8672:
8657:
8522:
8425:
8360:
8056:
8017:
7889:
7874:
7701:
7460:
7266:
7241:
7206:
7159:
6673:
6598:
6514:
6499:
6264:
6044:
6001:
5996:
5893:
5883:
5855:
5580:
5422:
5360:
4588:
4543:
4513:
4206:
2539:
2425:
2186:
2144:
2001:
1959:
1917:
1869:
1803:
1416:
1294:
840:
801:
796:
reflective, creating a mirror effect of the colorful lights. Many pedestrians walk about.
769:
737:
567:
309:
136:
45:
3005:
2997:
362:. Then the limbs, eyes, mouth, clothes, etc. of the figure are moved by the animator on
9203:
9123:
9047:
8923:
8825:
8717:
8697:
8597:
8577:
8345:
8273:
8179:
8164:
8095:
7800:
7736:
7594:
7574:
7465:
7115:
7036:
6970:
6960:
6923:
6638:
6413:
6370:
6279:
6221:
6206:
6196:
5981:
5780:
5686:
5607:
5537:
5482:
5314:
5304:
5287:
5205:
4775:
4753:
4598:
4568:
4558:
4528:
4466:
3633:
3485:
3277:
2983:
2756:
2700:
2659:
2551:
2527:
2492:
2384:
2263:
1809:
1744:
1455:
1434:
1359:
1106:
1059:
1030:
940:
885:
707:
359:
280:
4336:. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 4738. Springer Science+Business Media.
3794:
animationmentor.com Why a Great Rigger is an
Animator's Best Friend, By: Ozgur Aydogdu
3112:"Exclusive: Joe Letteri Discusses Wētā FX's new Facial Pipeline on Avatar 2 - fxguide"
537:
Visual
Effects Society Award for Outstanding Animated Character in an Animated Feature
9302:
9253:
9042:
8965:
8815:
8769:
8742:
8737:
8727:
8642:
8602:
8380:
8268:
8258:
8184:
8112:
7992:
7837:
7832:
7761:
7716:
7679:
7616:
7604:
7522:
7470:
7404:
7399:
7375:
7343:
7075:
7070:
6819:
6658:
6588:
6567:
6529:
6337:
6304:
6284:
5976:
5888:
5762:
5692:
5292:
5019:
4960:
4741:
4583:
4548:
4518:
4425:
4402:
4383:
4364:
4345:
4292:
4273:
4247:
4228:
3500:
3262:(Report). Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence. p. 98.
3178:
3009:
2874:
2853:
2720:
2569:
2557:
2306:
2119:
2095:
1833:
1549:
1514:
1446:
1182:
1109:
is also used to animate other things, with facial features (though other methods for
700:
8477:
1521:
were a common format, until the web development community abandoned support for the
9273:
9263:
9173:
9101:
9084:
9079:
9000:
8928:
8794:
8789:
8779:
8774:
8722:
8662:
8632:
8587:
8450:
8350:
8263:
8226:
7931:
7879:
7805:
7746:
7659:
7455:
7448:
7338:
7211:
7063:
7048:
7012:
6997:
6930:
6901:
6881:
6790:
6491:
6375:
6342:
6137:
6059:
5948:
5934:
5929:
5878:
5865:
5790:
5743:
5696:
5639:
5522:
5497:
5264:
5237:
5153:
5036:
5009:
4763:
4666:
4337:
3170:
3001:
2845:
2781:
2776:
2645:
2605:
2533:
2389:
2353:
2342:
2299:
2293:
2287:
2072:
2031:
1827:
1798:
1755:
1475:
1430:
1250:
1133:. Keyframing puts control in the hands of the animator and has roots in hand-drawn
1110:
881:
869:
867:
An early step in the history of computer animation was the sequel to the 1973 film
809:
441:
140:
1490:
attempt to bridge the gap by giving amateurs access to professional animations as
9223:
9148:
9138:
9133:
9118:
9027:
8970:
8869:
8764:
8682:
8677:
8607:
8542:
8462:
8335:
8330:
8303:
8199:
7997:
7960:
7906:
7899:
7852:
7726:
7696:
7609:
7569:
7564:
7497:
7443:
7428:
7348:
7323:
7318:
7256:
7174:
7164:
7125:
7041:
6965:
6891:
6562:
6456:
6428:
6322:
6274:
6259:
6244:
6099:
6094:
6034:
5924:
5898:
5850:
5795:
5634:
5553:
5502:
5492:
5447:
5178:
5095:
5024:
4888:
4523:
4265:
4057:
3976:
3971:
2479:
2251:
2203:
2137:
2013:
1840:
1821:
1791:
1618:
1518:
1510:
1502:
1351:
1344:
1186:
1074:
1014:
817:
206:
8857:
3854:"blender.org – Home of the Blender project – Free and Open 3D Creation Software"
3472:. Vol. 1, no. 1. Carnegie Publications. September 1982. pp. 50–5.
1474:
computer animators. With utilities and programs often included free with modern
420:
164:
into seeing a smoothly moving object, the pictures should be drawn at around 12
9208:
9178:
9158:
9020:
9005:
8950:
8908:
8747:
8702:
8692:
8667:
8622:
8612:
8390:
8370:
8340:
8325:
8283:
8248:
8206:
8194:
8189:
7982:
7953:
7842:
7827:
7771:
7626:
7584:
7095:
6911:
6802:
6668:
6572:
6471:
6317:
6289:
5563:
5452:
5334:
5309:
5168:
5120:
5110:
4975:
4593:
2736:
2587:
2545:
2497:
2275:
2239:
2132:
2077:
1737:
1497:
The oldest (most backward compatible) web-based animations are in the animated
1405:
1194:
1142:
1021:
370:. However, in 3D computer animation, this is done automatically, and is called
366:. Normally, the differences between key frames are drawn in a process known as
233:
178:
produce more realistic imagery, computer animation demands higher frame rates.
86:
9064:
8862:
8154:
4341:
1548:
formats, which were compatible with mobile devices and reduced file sizes via
1224:, which had about 1,851 controllers (742 in the face alone). In the 2004 film
193:) animation, and 2D computer animation. These also include subcategories like
9321:
9183:
9163:
8712:
8652:
8637:
8527:
8472:
8467:
8440:
8410:
8375:
8216:
8169:
8159:
8122:
8090:
8080:
8071:
8041:
7911:
7847:
7788:
7783:
7721:
7686:
7631:
7589:
7559:
7549:
7542:
7358:
7306:
7276:
7261:
7216:
7201:
7120:
6987:
6940:
6906:
6866:
6834:
6807:
6557:
5845:
5319:
5252:
5105:
4998:
4965:
3013:
2593:
1947:
1941:
1584:
1580:
1545:
1526:
889:
677:
371:
237:
194:
161:
8492:
3361:
3341:
3321:
3174:
1154:
and markers and that performance is then applied to the animated character.
9054:
9037:
8990:
8840:
8784:
8315:
8310:
8241:
8117:
8061:
8012:
7987:
7975:
7706:
7438:
7433:
7370:
7333:
7311:
7301:
7179:
7110:
7090:
6992:
6950:
6856:
6839:
6653:
6312:
5617:
5486:
5427:
5407:
5387:
5329:
5282:
5183:
5115:
4780:
4758:
3893:
3891:
2837:
2618:
2503:
2245:
1780:
1749:
1714:
1587:
offered a vector graphic alternative to the original Flash graphic format,
1583:
made sequencing the movement of images in HTML5 web pages more convenient.
1522:
1440:
1393:
1290:
1151:
1094:
1078:
719:
641:
437:
436:
Another way to automate 3D animation is to use procedural tools such as 4D
424:
367:
325:
241:
109:
3322:"Charles Csuri, Fragmentation Animations, 1967 – 1970: Hummingbird (1967)"
3162:
2849:
884:
imagery, which featured a computer-animated hand and face both created by
9306:
9268:
9248:
9243:
9228:
9218:
9198:
9128:
9106:
9032:
8938:
8879:
8874:
8732:
8537:
8517:
8482:
8231:
8127:
7884:
7869:
7810:
7776:
7554:
7527:
7492:
7363:
7353:
7226:
7186:
7154:
7105:
7021:
7002:
6975:
6871:
6829:
6780:
6643:
6269:
6181:
5585:
5365:
5143:
4985:
4970:
2842:
CHI '00 extended abstracts on Human factors in computer systems - CHI '00
2761:
2509:
2257:
2209:
2055:
2025:
1984:
1610:
1588:
1565:
1284:
1277:
1241:
1147:
974:
910:
876:
574:
390:
379:
345:
265:
236:
which allows 2D animators to see the flow of their work all at once, and
229:
128:
105:
3888:
3138:""Turning Red" Animators on Anime Influences and Working with Domee Shi"
1271:
A ray-traced 3-D model of a jack inside a cube, and the jack alone below
189:
Computer-generated animation is an umbrella term for three-dimensional (
9258:
9238:
9188:
9168:
9153:
9143:
9059:
9010:
8820:
8627:
8567:
8385:
8278:
8221:
8149:
8107:
7938:
7756:
7741:
7711:
7669:
7638:
7328:
7191:
6955:
6896:
6876:
6766:
6663:
6593:
6186:
5919:
5775:
5590:
5457:
5370:
5053:
5048:
4993:
3576:
3086:
Naghdi, Arash; Adib, Payam; Adib, Arash Naghdi and Payam (2021-05-10).
2329:
1972:
1935:
1887:
1719:
1576:
1501:
format, which can be uploaded and seen on the web easily. However, the
1298:
1198:
1165:
893:
731:
597:
446:
169:
165:
145:
1054:
9069:
9015:
8913:
8852:
8845:
8687:
8582:
8532:
8253:
8139:
8002:
7948:
7751:
7674:
7664:
7537:
7532:
7147:
7142:
7132:
7058:
7031:
7007:
6945:
6918:
6861:
6168:
6129:
5600:
5570:
5380:
5324:
5274:
5242:
5041:
5029:
4955:
4489:
4421:
2948:"The Breadwinner Shows the Powerful Storytelling Impact of Animation"
2730:
2695:
2654:
2360:
2233:
2043:
1905:
1564:
was also relying on the Flash plugin to deliver digital video in the
1553:
1206:
1115:
1098:
1001:
914:
846:
637:
415:
3D animation software interpolates between keyframes by generating a
403:
363:
217:
202:
174:
7731:
1478:, many users can make their own animated movies and shorts. Several
8955:
8617:
8512:
8298:
8288:
8236:
7926:
7385:
7137:
6814:
6229:
5712:
5595:
5462:
5412:
5397:
5375:
5247:
5224:
4736:
4458:
4003:
3282:
3052:
2988:
2664:
2563:
2173:
1710:
Some notable producers of computer-animated feature films include:
1506:
1491:
1321:
1124:
1090:
906:
633:
628:
Computer-assisted animation is usually classed as two-dimensional (
592:
In 2D computer animation, moving objects are often referred to as "
503:
213:
139:. To create the illusion of movement, an image is displayed on the
3662:"'The Lion King': Is it animated or live-action? It's complicated"
9278:
8960:
8903:
7921:
3927:
3366:
3346:
3326:
2973:
2639:
2575:
2161:
1614:
1561:
1483:
1471:
1467:
1020:
The popularity of computer animation (especially in the field of
651:
Examples of films produced using computer-assisted animation are
507:
4244:
A Guide to
Computer Animation: For TV, Games, Multimedia and Web
3915:
3629:"Disney's Live-Action 'Lion King' Taps Jeff Nathanson As Writer"
2924:"'Godzilla Minus One' fought the odds and won big at the Oscars"
81:
9233:
8430:
8355:
8007:
7943:
7916:
7579:
7392:
7246:
5257:
5232:
5138:
4447:
2611:
2485:
2269:
1336:
1246:
1006:
995:
980:
581:
techniques using frame-by-frame animation of 2D illustrations.
6732:
3903:
3088:"3D Animation Pipeline: A Start-to-Finish Guide (2023 update)"
2899:"'Godzilla Minus One' Breathes New Life into the Iconic Kaiju"
1392:
Realism in computer animation can mean making each frame look
1221:
The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
1065:
993:
The first full-length computer-animated television series was
8918:
8051:
8029:
8022:
7822:
5512:
4538:
2817:
2228:
2155:
1881:
1666:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
1572:
1487:
1215:
1010:
963:
813:
517:
449:. For example, smoke and clouds can be animated using noise.
225:
205:- and some of which are only possible with a computer - such
85:
An example of computer animation which is produced from the "
4170:
1046:(2019) are able to be marketed as if they were live-action.
913:
to render non-interactive movies, which led to the art form
7970:
6763:
5090:
3853:
3604:"How James Cameron's Innovative New 3D Tech Created Avatar"
2149:
1864:
1592:
958:
905:
Developments in CGI technologies are reported each year at
861:
221:
149:
97:
1621:", lighting and other effects to the polygons and finally
1388:
Joy & Heron – a typical example of realistic animation
1358:, can be used to assign specific emotions to the faces of
613:
x < screenWidth drawBackground() drawSpriteAtXY (x, y)
5575:
4260:
4030:
3939:
3897:
3876:
3864:
3703:
3691:
3679:
3386:
3290:
1591:. YouTube offers an HTML5 alternative for digital video.
1498:
896:. This imagery originally appeared in their student film
789:
A video generated using OpenAI's unreleased, open source
573:
Computer animation is essentially a digital successor to
466:
Examples of disciplines within the 3D animation pipeline
316:
Hyper photorealistic CGI following scientific principles
3570:"Our Story", Pixar, 1986–2013. Retrieved on 2013-02-15.
3554:
3552:
3249:
3028:"Here's what made the 2D animation in 'Klaus' look '3D'"
566:
are still used for stylistic, low bandwidth, and faster
516:
In Pixar's 'Turning Red', animators took influence from
3951:
3739:
1097:. They are arranged into a default position known as a
4158:
2686:
New York Institute of Technology Computer Graphics Lab
1774:
The Pirates Who Don't Do Anything: A VeggieTales Movie
1426:
have been criticized as "disconcerting" and "creepy".
431:
3810:
3798:
3775:
3763:
3751:
3727:
3549:
3537:
3525:
3434:
3422:
3374:
3302:
3275:
3215:
3203:
3191:
3163:"Better collisions and faster cloth for Pixar's Coco"
2772:
Timeline of computer animation in film and television
837:
Timeline of computer animation in film and television
240:
which allows 3D animators to automate the process of
3583:
3446:
2805:
2635:
636:
package, the creator places drawings into different
520:
style facial expressions to inform their animation.
502:
This is the process of animating facial animations,
5655:
List of animated television series by episode count
4378:Pereira, Fernando C. N.; Ebrahimi, Touradj (2002).
3834:
3822:
3715:
3513:
2844:. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press. p. 211.
248:Examples of computer-generated animation in movies
43:It has been suggested that this article should be
4418:Moving Innovation: A History of Computer Animation
4146:
4044:
3999:"The 10 Scariest Movies and Why They Creep Us Out"
3484:
3398:
1201:by a human animator, or a combination of the two.
990:(1996) to adopt a fully computer-generated style.
845:Early digital computer animation was developed at
4401:(2nd ed.). Massachusetts: A.K. Peters, Ltd.
4134:
3410:
9319:
4331:
4227:. Indianapolis, Indiana: John Wiley & Sons.
3933:
1613:is used to manipulate complex three-dimensional
510:blend-shapes (shapes that the face morphs into)
5650:List of animated films by box office admissions
4377:
4334:Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction
3921:
3909:
2838:"Interaction design at Pixar Animation Studios"
2733:(recording video from games and virtual worlds)
349:A frame of animation before and after rendering
184:
4289:CG 101: A Computer Graphics Industry Reference
3085:
939:"Spring", a 3D animated short film made using
623:
456:
216:can break physical laws by using mathematical
6748:
5752:Note: This template roughly follows the 2012
5728:
4474:
4361:Computer Animation: Algorithms and Techniques
2835:
1726:Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole
1664:The examples and perspective in this section
127:Computer animation is a digital successor to
96:is the process used for digitally generating
27:Art of creating moving images using computers
4112:"Disney's 'A Christmas Carol': Bah, humbug!"
4051:Digital Actors in 'Beowulf' Are Just Uncanny
1575:compatible animations. Technologies such as
1210:uses 700 specialized animation controllers.
587:
4396:
3882:
2716:List of computer-animated television series
1168:provided the performance for the character
6755:
6741:
5735:
5721:
4481:
4467:
4397:Parke, Frederic I.; Waters, Keith (2008).
3659:
3135:
2050:Mortadelo and Filemon: Mission Implausible
1682:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
1161:Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest
4241:
4176:
3281:
3257:Artificial Intelligence Index Report 2023
2987:
2921:
1698:Learn how and when to remove this message
1013:: following an adventure centered around
609:x := 0, y := screenHeight / 2;
513:Autodesk Maya, Blender, Autodesk 3DS Max
4106:
4073:
3969:
3601:
2872:
2192:The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water
1954:Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie
1533:never fully supported the Flash plugin.
1513:alternative that relied on the use of a
1369:
1266:
1064:
1053:
924:
775:
600:makes a sprite move from left to right:
558:
344:
340:
80:
4026:"Review: 'Polar Express' a creepy ride"
4023:
3626:
2875:"How 'Toy Story' Changed Movie History"
793:text-to-video model, using the prompt:
396:
14:
9320:
6452:Knowledge representation and reasoning
4358:
4286:
3996:
3957:
3945:
3870:
3816:
3781:
3769:
3757:
3745:
3733:
3709:
3697:
3685:
3627:Fleming, Mike Jr. (October 13, 2016).
3589:
3558:
3543:
3531:
3452:
3392:
3380:
3296:
3221:
3209:
3197:
3160:
2823:
2811:
2216:The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run
946:CGI short films have been produced as
920:
851:Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
6736:
6477:Philosophy of artificial intelligence
5716:
4462:
4305:
4222:
3898:Magnenat Thalmann & Thalmann 2004
3804:
3641:from the original on October 15, 2016
3573:"The Pixar Timeline, 1979 to Present"
3416:
2836:Weber, Karon; Hirasaki, Kitt (2000).
577:techniques, but using 3D models, and
256:Type of Computer Generated Animation
5796:Energy consumption (Green computing)
5742:
5623:Films with live action and animation
4488:
4415:
4306:Means, Sean P. (December 28, 2011).
4164:
4152:
4140:
3840:
3828:
3721:
3519:
3482:
3458:
3440:
3428:
3404:
3308:
3233:
3227:
2969:
2967:
2787:Twelve basic principles of animation
1650:
1640:
1625:the complete image. A sophisticated
1326:State of the art in Facial Animation
1049:
440:. Noise is any algorithm that plots
331:Hybrid 3D and 3D computer animation
155:
29:
6482:Distributed artificial intelligence
5754:ACM Computing Classification System
2691:Computer representation of surfaces
1604:
1505:format of GIF animations slows the
1308:
1140:In contrast, a newer method called
535:Pixar's 'Incredibles' won the 2004
432:Procedural and Node Based Animation
24:
9095:List of American independent films
5987:Integrated development environment
4074:Neumaier, Joe (November 5, 2009).
3970:Zacharek, Stephanie (2004-11-10).
3660:Rottenberg, Josh (July 19, 2019).
3342:""Kitten" 1968 computer animation"
812:description as input to produce a
25:
9349:
6462:Automated planning and scheduling
5992:Software configuration management
4715:Modern TV cable and streaming era
4440:
2964:
2444:Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse
2432:Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs
2408:Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within
1461:
1127:between them in a process called
1113:exist). The character "Woody" in
1058:3D game character animated using
9301:
9292:
9291:
6716:
6706:
6697:
6696:
5691:
5682:
5681:
4446:
4312:added to National Film Registry"
2638:
1655:
1214:labored for two years to create
902:, which they completed in 1972.
768:This section is an excerpt from
762:
756:Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas
750:Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron
615:// draw on top of the background
410:
34:
6762:
6707:
6110:Computational complexity theory
4100:
4067:
4017:
3990:
3963:
3846:
3787:
3653:
3620:
3595:
3564:
3476:
3354:
3334:
3314:
3269:
3154:
3129:
3104:
3079:
3069:
3045:
2711:List of computer-animated films
2583:Warner Bros. Pictures Animation
2366:Friends: Mononoke Shima no Naki
953:Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan
271:Stylized 3D computer animation
5894:Network performance evaluation
4186:
3997:Herman, Barbara (2013-10-30).
3934:Paiva, Prada & Picard 2007
3236:"How Computer Animation Works"
3020:
2940:
2922:Schilling, Mark (2024-03-14).
2915:
2891:
2873:Zorthian, Julia (2015-11-19).
2866:
2829:
2450:The Mitchells vs. the Machines
1633:defines objects by conducting
962:(both 1982), and the Japanese
714:We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story
13:
1:
6265:Multimedia information system
6250:Geographic information system
6240:Enterprise information system
5829:Computer systems organization
5645:Most expensive animated films
5300:Direct manipulation animation
4951:Barrier-grid and stereography
3602:Thompson, Anne (2010-01-01).
3006:10.1088/0264-9381/32/6/065001
2976:Classical and Quantum Gravity
2793:
2517:Walt Disney Animation Studios
2475:Triggerfish Animation Studios
1600:Comparison of HTML5 and Flash
1452:basic principles of animation
1450:). Some of the long-standing
831:History of computer animation
6624:Computational social science
6212:Theoretical computer science
6025:Software development process
5801:Electronic design automation
5786:Very Large Scale Integration
5191:Non-photorealistic rendering
4291:. Digital Fauxtography Inc.
4212:Resources in other libraries
4024:Clinton, Paul (2004-11-10).
2798:
2752:Rich Representation Language
2115:Industrial Light & Magic
1966:Ruby Gillman, Teenage Kraken
1571:The latest alternatives are
1262:
1026:modern era of U.S. animation
374:. Finally, the animation is
286:Digital VFX, photorealistic
185:Computer Generated Animation
7:
6447:Natural language processing
6235:Information storage systems
4823:International Animation Day
4308:"Pixar founder's Utah-made
3922:Pereira & Ebrahimi 2002
3910:Pereira & Ebrahimi 2002
2631:
2108:The Super Mario Bros. Movie
1678:, discuss the issue on the
1631:constructive solid geometry
1333:Facial Action Coding System
1175:
1085:over time to create motion.
847:Bell Telephone Laboratories
690:The Hunchback of Notre Dame
624:Computer-assisted animation
457:Disciplines of 3D animation
353:
112:, while computer animation
10:
9354:
8986:Classical Hollywood cinema
8175:Commedia sexy all'italiana
7083:Exploitation film template
7027:Commedia sexy all'italiana
6363:Human–computer interaction
6333:Intrusion detection system
6245:Social information systems
6230:Database management system
5293:Linear Animation Generator
5196:Physically based animation
4382:. New Jersey: IMSC Press.
4270:Handbook of Virtual Humans
4242:Kuperberg, Marcia (2002).
2680:Computer-generated imagery
1768:Jonah: A VeggieTales Movie
1644:
1597:
1365:
1312:
1005:(1995), which was made by
969:Golgo 13: The Professional
834:
828:
824:
767:
102:computer-generated imagery
9287:
8890:
8808:
8553:German underground horror
8508:Documentary Film Movement
8416:American eccentric cinema
8401:
7647:
6773:
6692:
6629:Computational engineering
6604:Computational mathematics
6581:
6528:
6490:
6437:
6399:
6361:
6303:
6220:
6166:
6128:
6073:
6010:
5943:
5907:
5864:
5828:
5761:
5750:
5677:
5546:
5475:
5348:
5273:
5223:
5129:
5081:
5062:
4984:
4941:
4934:
4882:Children's animated films
4831:
4729:
4612:
4504:
4497:
4399:Computer Facial Animation
4342:10.1007/978-3-540-74889-2
4287:Masson, Terrence (1999).
4207:Resources in your library
3136:laurenlola (2022-03-09).
2706:List of animation studios
2675:Computer facial animation
2670:Avar (animation variable)
2325:Reel FX Animation Studios
2133:Omation Animation Studios
2102:The Secret Life of Pets 2
1846:Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius
1647:List of animation studios
1356:PAD emotional state model
1341:Face Animation Parameters
1315:Computer facial animation
1024:) skyrocketed during the
588:2D sprites and pseudocode
118:Modern computer animation
116:refers to moving images.
6639:Computational healthcare
6634:Differentiable computing
6553:Graphics processing unit
5972:Domain-specific language
5841:Computational complexity
4791:Animation film festivals
4262:Magnenat Thalmann, Nadia
4108:Williams, Mary Elizabeth
3487:The Animated Movie Guide
3076:10.1145/1401132.1401247.
2826:, pp. 100–101, 255.
2624:The Adventures of Tintin
2457:Sony Pictures Imageworks
2378:Dragon Quest: Your Story
2312:Escape from Planet Earth
1924:How to Train Your Dragon
1852:Santa vs. the Snowman 3D
1627:graphical user interface
1531:mobile operating systems
1525:plugin. Web browsers on
1398:photorealistic rendering
987:Transformers: Beast Wars
899:A Computer Animated Hand
8488:Cinema of Transgression
7622:Cinema of Transgression
6614:Computational chemistry
6548:Photograph manipulation
6439:Artificial intelligence
6255:Decision support system
5613:Twelve basic principles
5533:Instructional animation
4225:3D Animation Essentials
3883:Parke & Waters 2008
3575:. Pixar. Archived from
3175:10.1145/3214745.3214801
3167:ACM SIGGRAPH 2018 Talks
2903:Animation World Network
2415:Sony Pictures Animation
2387: – Films include
2229:Pixar Animation Studios
2180:Mr. Peabody and Sherman
2084:The Secret Life of Pets
2039:Ilion Animation Studios
2021:Imagi Animation Studios
1212:Rhythm and Hues Studios
660:The Rescuers Down Under
532:Autodesk Maya, Blender
491:Autodesk Maya, Blender
199:traditional animation -
104:(CGI) encompasses both
8708:The Prague film school
8573:Hollywood on the Tiber
6679:Educational technology
6510:Reinforcement learning
6260:Process control system
6158:Computational geometry
6148:Algorithmic efficiency
6143:Analysis of algorithms
5791:Systems on Chip (SoCs)
5211:Virtual cinematography
4808:Highest-grossing films
4710:Early TV broadcast era
3161:Eberle, David (2018).
2726:Morph target animation
2621: – Films include
2585: – Films include
2519: – Films include
2495: - Films include
2477: – Films include
2405: - Films include
2363: – Films include
2345: – Films include
2327: – Films include
2309: – Films include
2231: – Films include
2147: – Films include
2135: – Films include
2117: – Films include
2023: – Films include
1987: – Films include
1978:The Tale of Despereaux
1879: – Films include
1867: - Films include
1843: – Films include
1801: – Films include
1783: – Films include
1763:Big Idea Entertainment
1747: – Films include
1732:Walking with Dinosaurs
1717: – Films include
1389:
1272:
1227:The Day After Tomorrow
1086:
1077:, each 'stick' of the
1062:
943:
806:machine learning model
798:
393:into a final product.
350:
301:2D computer animation
100:The more general term
90:
8563:Grupo Cine Liberación
8503:Czechoslovak New Wave
8498:Commedia all'italiana
6845:Commedia all'italiana
6649:Electronic publishing
6619:Computational biology
6609:Computational physics
6505:Unsupervised learning
6419:Distributed computing
6295:Information retrieval
6202:Mathematical analysis
6192:Mathematical software
6075:Theory of computation
6040:Software construction
6030:Requirements analysis
5908:Software organization
5836:Computer architecture
5806:Hardware acceleration
5771:Printed circuit board
5528:Independent animation
5518:Educational animation
4359:Parent, Rick (2012).
4317:The Salt Lake Tribune
3053:"The Book of Shaders"
2850:10.1145/633410.633413
2767:Traditional animation
2600:The Lego Batman Movie
2462:The Angry Birds Movie
1930:Rise of the Guardians
1558:Microsoft Silverlight
1387:
1303:film editing software
1270:
1256:The Lord of the Rings
1135:traditional animation
1068:
1057:
948:independent animation
938:
788:
744:The Road to El Dorado
646:traditional animation
579:traditional animation
559:2D computer animation
348:
341:3D computer animation
133:traditional animation
84:
58:2D computer animation
52:3D computer animation
49:into articles titled
9338:Animation techniques
9090:Guerrilla filmmaking
8753:Kitchen sink realism
8638:New French Extremity
8548:German Expressionist
8456:Kitchen sink realism
8321:Contemporary Western
8101:Environmental issues
7632:New French Extremity
7590:New French Extremity
7415:Softcore pornography
7410:Hardcore pornography
7277:New French Extremity
6409:Concurrent computing
6381:Ubiquitous computing
6353:Application security
6348:Information security
6177:Discrete mathematics
6153:Randomized algorithm
6105:Computability theory
6083:Model of computation
6055:Software maintenance
6050:Software engineering
6012:Software development
5962:Programming language
5957:Programming paradigm
5874:Network architecture
5508:Animated documentary
5340:Whiteboard animation
5233:Traditional puppetry
4877:Adult animated films
4786:Biologist simulators
4749:Animation department
4455:at Wikimedia Commons
4272:. Wiley Publishing.
4223:Beane, Andy (2012).
4110:(November 5, 2009).
3493:Chicago Review Press
3483:Beck, Jerry (2005).
3466:"The Making of Tron"
3032:befores & afters
2742:Procedural animation
2372:Stand by Me Doraemon
1877:DreamWorks Animation
1676:improve this section
1480:free and open-source
880:(1976), used the 3D
666:Beauty and the Beast
619:// move to the right
568:real-time renderings
564:2D computer graphics
525:Character Animation
453:the beat of a song.
442:pseudo-random values
397:Animation Attributes
122:3D computer graphics
8826:Children and family
8800:Yugoslav Black Wave
8673:Nuevo Cine Mexicano
8558:Nigerian Golden Age
8523:European art cinema
8426:Australian New Wave
6684:Document management
6674:Operations research
6599:Enterprise software
6515:Multi-task learning
6500:Supervised learning
6222:Information systems
6045:Software deployment
6002:Software repository
5856:Real-time computing
5581:Character animation
5361:Character animation
4899:Children's animated
4453:Computer animations
4179:, pp. 112–113.
4122:on January 11, 2010
4081:New York Daily News
4064:, November 14, 2007
3972:"The Polar Express"
3948:, pp. 160–161.
3873:, pp. 110–116.
3712:, pp. 111–118.
3700:, pp. 324–326.
3688:, pp. 193–196.
3395:, pp. 282–288.
3370:. 23 November 2010.
3299:, pp. 390–394.
3234:Roos, Dave (2013).
3057:The Book of Shaders
2998:2015CQGra..32f5001J
2952:www.technicolor.com
2318:Ratchet & Clank
2222:Under the Boardwalk
2187:Paramount Animation
2145:Pacific Data Images
1918:Monsters vs. Aliens
1816:Horton Hears a Who!
1435:legendary creatures
1295:performance capture
921:Film and television
860:" was created with
841:Video game graphics
802:text-to-video model
770:Text-to-video model
738:The Prince of Egypt
467:
249:
203:key frame animation
9328:Computer animation
9124:Major film studios
8718:Pure Film Movement
8698:Polish Film School
8598:Italian neorealist
8578:Hong Kong New Wave
8180:Mexican sex comedy
7237:German underground
6467:Search methodology
6414:Parallel computing
6371:Interaction design
6280:Computing platform
6207:Numerical analysis
6197:Information theory
5982:Software framework
5945:Software notations
5884:Network components
5781:Integrated circuit
5608:Creature animation
5538:Virtual newscaster
5483:Abstract animation
5315:Ink-wash animation
5305:Humanoid animation
5288:Audio-Animatronics
4852:Lost or unfinished
4776:Animation database
4754:Animation director
4416:Sito, Tom (2013).
4363:. Ohio: Elsevier.
4198:Computer animation
4167:, pp. 82, 89.
4056:2011-08-27 at the
3634:Deadline Hollywood
3470:Video Games Player
3092:Dream Farm Studios
2757:Skeletal animation
2701:Humanoid animation
2660:Animation database
2528:Meet the Robinsons
2493:Vanguard Animation
2438:Hotel Transylvania
2385:Skydance Animation
1745:Aardman Animations
1635:Boolean operations
1560:required plugins.
1538:internet bandwidth
1466:The popularity of
1456:squash and stretch
1390:
1350:In some cases, an
1273:
1107:skeletal animation
1087:
1063:
1060:skeletal animation
944:
886:University of Utah
799:
654:The Little Mermaid
465:
351:
281:Godzilla Minus One
247:
94:Computer animation
91:
9333:Computer graphics
9315:
9314:
9254:Socialist realist
8966:Behind-the-scenes
8743:Socialist realist
8738:Spaghetti Western
8728:Romanian New Wave
8603:Japanese New Wave
8269:Sword and sorcery
8185:Nazi exploitation
7767:Mumbai underworld
7523:Planetary romance
6730:
6729:
6659:Electronic voting
6589:Quantum Computing
6582:Applied computing
6568:Image compression
6338:Hardware security
6328:Security services
6285:Digital marketing
6065:Open-source model
5977:Modeling language
5889:Network scheduler
5710:
5709:
5471:
5470:
5398:Erasure animation
5219:
5218:
4961:Limited animation
4904:Computer-animated
4842:Computer-animated
4764:Animation studios
4725:
4724:
4451:Media related to
4431:978-0-262-01909-5
4420:. Massachusetts:
4408:978-1-56881-448-3
4370:978-0-12-415842-9
4351:978-3-540-74888-5
4234:978-1-118-14748-1
4193:Library resources
3960:, pp. 14–17.
3936:, pp. 24–33.
3924:, pp. 60–61.
3748:, pp. 94–98.
3666:Los Angeles Times
3608:Popular Mechanics
3443:, pp. 95–97.
3431:, pp. 97–98.
3330:. 31 August 2009.
3311:, pp. 69–75.
3184:978-1-4503-5820-0
2721:Medical animation
2307:Rainmaker Studios
2008:A Christmas Carol
1990:The Polar Express
1834:The Peanuts Movie
1786:The Addams Family
1708:
1707:
1700:
1641:Animation studios
1550:video compression
1476:operating systems
1447:The Peanuts Movie
1423:A Christmas Carol
1411:The Polar Express
1385:
1050:Animation methods
936:
786:
556:
555:
549:Houdini, Blender
543:Cloth Simulation
499:Facial Animation
402:channel on which
338:
337:
166:frames per second
156:Frames per second
79:
78:
16:(Redirected from
9345:
9305:
9295:
9294:
9274:Vulgar auteurism
9102:Interstitial art
9080:Hyperlink cinema
8795:Vulgar auteurism
8790:Toronto New Wave
8780:Telefoni Bianchi
8775:Sword-and-sandal
8593:Italian futurist
8588:Iranian New Wave
8451:British New Wave
8264:Sword-and-sandal
8145:Rape and revenge
8086:Mouth of Garbage
7932:Tentacle erotica
7880:Goona-goona epic
7860:Extraterrestrial
7747:Heroic bloodshed
7381:Occult detective
7212:Christmas horror
7064:Sword-and-sandal
6796:Hong Kong action
6791:Heroic bloodshed
6757:
6750:
6743:
6734:
6733:
6720:
6719:
6710:
6709:
6700:
6699:
6520:Cross-validation
6492:Machine learning
6376:Social computing
6343:Network security
6138:Algorithm design
6060:Programming team
6020:Control variable
5997:Software library
5935:Software quality
5930:Operating system
5879:Network protocol
5744:Computer science
5737:
5730:
5723:
5714:
5713:
5695:
5685:
5684:
5665:anime franchises
5640:Cartoon violence
5628:highest grossing
5523:Erotic animation
5498:Animated cartoon
5265:Supermarionation
5238:Digital puppetry
5159:Facial animation
5079:
5078:
4939:
4938:
4812:Opening weekends
4502:
4501:
4483:
4476:
4469:
4460:
4459:
4450:
4435:
4412:
4393:
4374:
4355:
4328:
4326:
4324:
4302:
4283:
4266:Thalmann, Daniel
4257:
4238:
4180:
4174:
4168:
4162:
4156:
4150:
4144:
4138:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4127:
4118:. Archived from
4104:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4093:
4088:on July 10, 2018
4084:. Archived from
4071:
4065:
4048:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4038:
4021:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4011:
3994:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3984:
3967:
3961:
3955:
3949:
3943:
3937:
3931:
3925:
3919:
3913:
3907:
3901:
3895:
3886:
3880:
3874:
3868:
3862:
3861:
3850:
3844:
3838:
3832:
3826:
3820:
3814:
3808:
3802:
3796:
3791:
3785:
3779:
3773:
3767:
3761:
3755:
3749:
3743:
3737:
3731:
3725:
3719:
3713:
3707:
3701:
3695:
3689:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3657:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3646:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3599:
3593:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3568:
3562:
3556:
3547:
3541:
3535:
3529:
3523:
3517:
3511:
3510:
3490:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3462:
3456:
3450:
3444:
3438:
3432:
3426:
3420:
3414:
3408:
3402:
3396:
3390:
3384:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3318:
3312:
3306:
3300:
3294:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3231:
3225:
3219:
3213:
3207:
3201:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3169:. pp. 1–2.
3158:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3116:www.fxguide.com/
3108:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3083:
3077:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3024:
3018:
3017:
2991:
2971:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2833:
2827:
2821:
2815:
2809:
2782:Wire-frame model
2777:Virtual artifact
2648:
2646:Animation portal
2643:
2642:
2459:– Films include
2417:– Films include
2354:Sheep and Wolves
2343:Wizart Animation
2336:The Book of Life
2189:– Films include
2065:— Films include
2041:— Films include
1975:- Films include
1870:Ron's Gone Wrong
1799:Blue Sky Studios
1756:Arthur Christmas
1703:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1683:
1659:
1658:
1651:
1605:Detailed example
1519:Flash animations
1386:
1309:Facial animation
1251:J. R. R. Tolkien
1111:facial animation
937:
818:diffusion models
810:natural language
797:
787:
617:x := x + 5
506:, and animating
468:
464:
360:virtual skeleton
250:
246:
207:fluid simulation
141:computer monitor
74:
71:
38:
37:
30:
21:
9353:
9352:
9348:
9347:
9346:
9344:
9343:
9342:
9318:
9317:
9316:
9311:
9283:
9224:Semidocumentary
9149:Minimalist film
9139:Message picture
9134:Maximalist film
9028:Database cinema
9011:Computer screen
8971:Black-and-white
8896:
8894:
8892:
8886:
8804:
8760:Soviet parallel
8683:Parallel cinema
8678:Pan-Indian film
8608:Kammerspielfilm
8543:French New Wave
8463:Budapest school
8446:Brighton School
8421:New Objectivity
8403:
8397:
8366:Science fiction
7998:Bruceploitation
7907:Girls with guns
7853:Turksploitation
7727:Gentleman thief
7643:
7478:Science fiction
7324:Minimalist film
7319:Maximalist film
7297:Science fiction
7257:Japanese horror
7054:Social guidance
6769:
6761:
6731:
6726:
6717:
6688:
6669:Word processing
6577:
6563:Virtual reality
6524:
6486:
6457:Computer vision
6433:
6429:Multiprocessing
6395:
6357:
6323:Security hacker
6299:
6275:Digital library
6216:
6167:Mathematics of
6162:
6124:
6100:Automata theory
6095:Formal language
6069:
6035:Software design
6006:
5939:
5925:Virtual machine
5903:
5899:Network service
5860:
5851:Embedded system
5824:
5757:
5746:
5741:
5711:
5706:
5673:
5635:Cartoon physics
5554:Animation music
5542:
5503:Animated sitcom
5493:Adult animation
5467:
5448:Special effects
5344:
5269:
5215:
5125:
5066:
5058:
4980:
4930:
4909:Direct-to-video
4827:
4721:
4608:
4493:
4487:
4443:
4438:
4432:
4409:
4390:
4380:The MPEG-4 Book
4371:
4352:
4322:
4320:
4299:
4280:
4254:
4246:. Focal Press.
4235:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4201:
4200:
4196:
4189:
4184:
4183:
4175:
4171:
4163:
4159:
4151:
4147:
4139:
4135:
4125:
4123:
4105:
4101:
4091:
4089:
4072:
4068:
4058:Wayback Machine
4049:
4045:
4036:
4034:
4022:
4018:
4009:
4007:
3995:
3991:
3982:
3980:
3968:
3964:
3956:
3952:
3944:
3940:
3932:
3928:
3920:
3916:
3908:
3904:
3896:
3889:
3881:
3877:
3869:
3865:
3852:
3851:
3847:
3839:
3835:
3827:
3823:
3815:
3811:
3807:, p. 2-15.
3803:
3799:
3792:
3788:
3780:
3776:
3768:
3764:
3756:
3752:
3744:
3740:
3732:
3728:
3720:
3716:
3708:
3704:
3696:
3692:
3684:
3680:
3670:
3668:
3658:
3654:
3644:
3642:
3625:
3621:
3612:
3610:
3600:
3596:
3588:
3584:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3557:
3550:
3542:
3538:
3530:
3526:
3518:
3514:
3507:
3481:
3477:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3451:
3447:
3439:
3435:
3427:
3423:
3415:
3411:
3403:
3399:
3391:
3387:
3379:
3375:
3362:"Metadata 1971"
3360:
3359:
3355:
3350:. 9 March 2006.
3340:
3339:
3335:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3307:
3303:
3295:
3291:
3274:
3270:
3259:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3241:
3239:
3238:. HowStuffWorks
3232:
3228:
3220:
3216:
3208:
3204:
3196:
3192:
3185:
3159:
3155:
3146:
3144:
3134:
3130:
3121:
3119:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3096:
3094:
3084:
3080:
3074:
3070:
3061:
3059:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3037:
3035:
3026:
3025:
3021:
2972:
2965:
2956:
2954:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2932:
2930:
2928:The Japan Times
2920:
2916:
2907:
2905:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2883:
2881:
2871:
2867:
2860:
2834:
2830:
2822:
2818:
2810:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2644:
2637:
2634:
2403:Square Pictures
2252:The Incredibles
2204:Sherlock Gnomes
2014:Mars Needs Moms
1841:DNA Productions
1792:The Willoughbys
1704:
1693:
1687:
1684:
1673:
1660:
1656:
1649:
1643:
1607:
1602:
1517:. For decades,
1511:vector graphics
1503:raster graphics
1464:
1431:anthropomorphic
1370:
1368:
1352:affective space
1347:has increased.
1345:microexpression
1317:
1311:
1265:
1178:
1075:Flash animation
1052:
1037:The Jungle Book
1022:special effects
1015:anthropomorphic
925:
923:
843:
833:
827:
822:
821:
794:
776:
773:
765:
626:
621:
590:
561:
459:
434:
413:
399:
356:
343:
296:The Breadwinner
187:
158:
150:motion pictures
75:
69:
66:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9351:
9341:
9340:
9335:
9330:
9313:
9312:
9310:
9309:
9299:
9288:
9285:
9284:
9282:
9281:
9276:
9271:
9266:
9261:
9256:
9251:
9246:
9241:
9236:
9231:
9226:
9221:
9216:
9211:
9209:Reverse motion
9206:
9201:
9196:
9191:
9186:
9181:
9176:
9171:
9166:
9161:
9159:Modernist film
9156:
9151:
9146:
9141:
9136:
9131:
9126:
9121:
9116:
9115:
9114:
9104:
9099:
9098:
9097:
9092:
9082:
9077:
9072:
9067:
9062:
9057:
9052:
9051:
9050:
9040:
9035:
9030:
9025:
9024:
9023:
9021:midnight movie
9013:
9008:
9003:
8998:
8993:
8988:
8983:
8978:
8973:
8968:
8963:
8958:
8953:
8948:
8947:
8946:
8941:
8936:
8931:
8926:
8921:
8911:
8906:
8900:
8898:
8888:
8887:
8885:
8884:
8883:
8882:
8877:
8867:
8866:
8865:
8860:
8850:
8849:
8848:
8843:
8835:
8834:
8833:
8823:
8818:
8812:
8810:
8809:By demographic
8806:
8805:
8803:
8802:
8797:
8792:
8787:
8782:
8777:
8772:
8767:
8762:
8757:
8756:
8755:
8748:Social realist
8745:
8740:
8735:
8730:
8725:
8720:
8715:
8710:
8705:
8703:Poliziotteschi
8700:
8695:
8693:Poetic realist
8690:
8685:
8680:
8675:
8670:
8665:
8660:
8655:
8650:
8648:New generation
8645:
8640:
8635:
8630:
8625:
8623:Modernist film
8620:
8615:
8613:L.A. Rebellion
8610:
8605:
8600:
8595:
8590:
8585:
8580:
8575:
8570:
8565:
8560:
8555:
8550:
8545:
8540:
8535:
8530:
8525:
8520:
8515:
8510:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8485:
8480:
8478:Cinéma du look
8475:
8470:
8465:
8460:
8459:
8458:
8448:
8443:
8438:
8433:
8428:
8423:
8418:
8413:
8407:
8405:
8399:
8398:
8396:
8395:
8394:
8393:
8391:Zapata Western
8388:
8383:
8378:
8373:
8371:Singing cowboy
8368:
8363:
8358:
8353:
8348:
8343:
8338:
8333:
8328:
8326:Dacoit Western
8323:
8318:
8308:
8307:
8306:
8301:
8296:
8286:
8281:
8276:
8271:
8266:
8261:
8256:
8251:
8246:
8245:
8244:
8234:
8229:
8224:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8207:Shoshimin-eiga
8204:
8203:
8202:
8197:
8195:Nunsploitation
8192:
8190:Pornochanchada
8187:
8182:
8177:
8172:
8162:
8157:
8152:
8147:
8142:
8137:
8136:
8135:
8125:
8120:
8115:
8110:
8105:
8104:
8103:
8093:
8088:
8083:
8078:
8077:
8076:
8075:
8074:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8049:
8039:
8038:
8037:
8027:
8026:
8025:
8020:
8015:
8010:
8005:
8000:
7990:
7985:
7980:
7979:
7978:
7973:
7963:
7958:
7957:
7956:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7935:
7934:
7929:
7924:
7914:
7909:
7904:
7903:
7902:
7897:
7892:
7882:
7877:
7872:
7867:
7865:Food and drink
7862:
7857:
7856:
7855:
7850:
7845:
7843:Blaxploitation
7835:
7830:
7825:
7820:
7815:
7814:
7813:
7808:
7798:
7797:
7796:
7786:
7781:
7780:
7779:
7774:
7772:Poliziotteschi
7769:
7764:
7759:
7754:
7749:
7744:
7739:
7734:
7729:
7724:
7719:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7689:
7684:
7683:
7682:
7677:
7667:
7662:
7657:
7651:
7649:
7645:
7644:
7642:
7641:
7636:
7635:
7634:
7629:
7627:Extreme cinema
7624:
7614:
7613:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7587:
7582:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7546:
7545:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7475:
7474:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7458:
7453:
7452:
7451:
7436:
7431:
7426:
7425:
7424:
7417:
7412:
7402:
7397:
7396:
7395:
7390:
7389:
7388:
7383:
7368:
7367:
7366:
7361:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7315:
7314:
7309:
7304:
7299:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7207:Chinese horror
7204:
7199:
7194:
7184:
7183:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7152:
7151:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7130:
7129:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7088:
7087:
7086:
7073:
7068:
7067:
7066:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7045:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7019:
7018:
7017:
7016:
7015:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6980:
6979:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6928:
6927:
6926:
6916:
6915:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6853:
6852:
6842:
6837:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6811:
6810:
6800:
6799:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6777:
6775:
6771:
6770:
6760:
6759:
6752:
6745:
6737:
6728:
6727:
6725:
6724:
6714:
6704:
6693:
6690:
6689:
6687:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6585:
6583:
6579:
6578:
6576:
6575:
6573:Solid modeling
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6534:
6532:
6526:
6525:
6523:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6496:
6494:
6488:
6487:
6485:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6472:Control method
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6443:
6441:
6435:
6434:
6432:
6431:
6426:
6424:Multithreading
6421:
6416:
6411:
6405:
6403:
6397:
6396:
6394:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6367:
6365:
6359:
6358:
6356:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6318:Formal methods
6315:
6309:
6307:
6301:
6300:
6298:
6297:
6292:
6290:World Wide Web
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6226:
6224:
6218:
6217:
6215:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6173:
6171:
6164:
6163:
6161:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6134:
6132:
6126:
6125:
6123:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6091:
6090:
6079:
6077:
6071:
6070:
6068:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6016:
6014:
6008:
6007:
6005:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5953:
5951:
5941:
5940:
5938:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5911:
5909:
5905:
5904:
5902:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5870:
5868:
5862:
5861:
5859:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5832:
5830:
5826:
5825:
5823:
5822:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5767:
5765:
5759:
5758:
5751:
5748:
5747:
5740:
5739:
5732:
5725:
5717:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5704:
5699:
5689:
5678:
5675:
5674:
5672:
5671:
5670:
5669:
5668:
5667:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5631:
5630:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5604:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5567:
5566:
5564:Mickey Mousing
5561:
5550:
5548:
5547:Related topics
5544:
5543:
5541:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5479:
5477:
5473:
5472:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5438:Straight ahead
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5418:Paint-on-glass
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5384:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5358:
5352:
5350:
5346:
5345:
5343:
5342:
5337:
5335:Squigglevision
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5310:Idle animation
5307:
5302:
5297:
5296:
5295:
5290:
5279:
5277:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5267:
5262:
5261:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5235:
5229:
5227:
5221:
5220:
5217:
5216:
5214:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5187:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5169:Motion capture
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5135:
5133:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5123:
5121:Onion skinning
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5087:
5085:
5076:
5060:
5059:
5057:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5045:
5044:
5034:
5033:
5032:
5022:
5017:
5007:
5006:
5005:
4990:
4988:
4982:
4981:
4979:
4978:
4976:Exposure sheet
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4947:
4945:
4936:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4928:
4927:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4894:Adult animated
4886:
4885:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4847:Feature-length
4844:
4835:
4833:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4805:
4804:
4803:
4798:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4772:
4771:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4745:
4744:
4733:
4731:
4727:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4700:The Golden Age
4697:
4691:United States
4689:
4687:United Kingdom
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4618:
4616:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4505:
4499:
4495:
4494:
4486:
4485:
4478:
4471:
4463:
4457:
4456:
4442:
4441:External links
4439:
4437:
4436:
4430:
4413:
4407:
4394:
4388:
4375:
4369:
4356:
4350:
4329:
4303:
4297:
4284:
4278:
4258:
4252:
4239:
4233:
4219:
4215:
4214:
4209:
4203:
4202:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4182:
4181:
4177:Kuperberg 2002
4169:
4157:
4145:
4133:
4099:
4066:
4062:New York Times
4043:
4016:
3989:
3962:
3950:
3938:
3926:
3914:
3912:, p. 404.
3902:
3900:, p. 122.
3887:
3875:
3863:
3845:
3843:, p. 195.
3833:
3831:, p. 144.
3821:
3819:, p. 158.
3809:
3797:
3786:
3784:, p. 289.
3774:
3772:, p. 204.
3762:
3760:, p. 226.
3750:
3738:
3736:, p. 118.
3726:
3724:, p. 132.
3714:
3702:
3690:
3678:
3652:
3619:
3594:
3582:
3579:on 2015-09-05.
3563:
3561:, p. 302.
3548:
3546:, p. 432.
3536:
3534:, p. 430.
3524:
3522:, p. 188.
3512:
3505:
3475:
3457:
3445:
3433:
3421:
3409:
3397:
3385:
3383:, p. 404.
3373:
3353:
3333:
3313:
3301:
3289:
3268:
3248:
3226:
3224:, p. 284.
3214:
3212:, p. 115.
3202:
3200:, p. 123.
3190:
3183:
3153:
3128:
3103:
3078:
3068:
3044:
3019:
2963:
2939:
2914:
2890:
2865:
2858:
2828:
2816:
2814:, p. 148.
2803:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2737:Motion capture
2734:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2616:
2588:The Lego Movie
2580:
2546:Wreck-It Ralph
2522:Chicken Little
2514:
2490:
2472:
2454:
2412:
2400:
2382:
2358:
2348:The Snow Queen
2340:
2322:
2304:
2240:Monsters, Inc.
2226:
2198:Monster Trucks
2184:
2142:
2130:
2112:
2060:
2036:
2018:
1982:
1970:
1900:Over the Hedge
1874:
1862:
1838:
1796:
1781:Bron Animation
1778:
1760:
1742:
1738:The Lego Movie
1706:
1705:
1670:of the subject
1668:worldwide view
1663:
1661:
1654:
1645:Main article:
1642:
1639:
1606:
1603:
1585:SVG animations
1581:CSS animations
1536:By this time,
1527:mobile devices
1463:
1462:Web animations
1460:
1406:uncanny valley
1394:photorealistic
1367:
1364:
1313:Main article:
1310:
1307:
1264:
1261:
1195:motion capture
1177:
1174:
1158:the 2006 film
1143:motion capture
1051:
1048:
922:
919:
829:Main article:
826:
823:
774:
766:
764:
761:
625:
622:
602:
589:
586:
560:
557:
554:
553:
550:
547:
544:
540:
539:
533:
530:
526:
522:
521:
514:
511:
500:
496:
495:
492:
489:
486:
482:
481:
478:
475:
472:
458:
455:
433:
430:
412:
409:
398:
395:
355:
352:
342:
339:
336:
335:
332:
329:
321:
320:
317:
314:
306:
305:
302:
299:
291:
290:
287:
284:
276:
275:
272:
269:
261:
260:
257:
254:
234:onion skinning
186:
183:
157:
154:
115:
98:moving images.
87:motion capture
77:
76:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9350:
9339:
9336:
9334:
9331:
9329:
9326:
9325:
9323:
9308:
9304:
9300:
9298:
9290:
9289:
9286:
9280:
9277:
9275:
9272:
9270:
9267:
9265:
9262:
9260:
9257:
9255:
9252:
9250:
9247:
9245:
9242:
9240:
9237:
9235:
9232:
9230:
9227:
9225:
9222:
9220:
9217:
9215:
9212:
9210:
9207:
9205:
9204:Postmodernist
9202:
9200:
9197:
9195:
9194:Participatory
9192:
9190:
9187:
9185:
9182:
9180:
9177:
9175:
9172:
9170:
9167:
9165:
9164:Musical short
9162:
9160:
9157:
9155:
9152:
9150:
9147:
9145:
9142:
9140:
9137:
9135:
9132:
9130:
9127:
9125:
9122:
9120:
9117:
9113:
9110:
9109:
9108:
9105:
9103:
9100:
9096:
9093:
9091:
9088:
9087:
9086:
9083:
9081:
9078:
9076:
9075:Found footage
9073:
9071:
9068:
9066:
9063:
9061:
9058:
9056:
9053:
9049:
9046:
9045:
9044:
9041:
9039:
9036:
9034:
9031:
9029:
9026:
9022:
9019:
9018:
9017:
9014:
9012:
9009:
9007:
9004:
9002:
8999:
8997:
8994:
8992:
8989:
8987:
8984:
8982:
8981:Cinéma vérité
8979:
8977:
8974:
8972:
8969:
8967:
8964:
8962:
8959:
8957:
8954:
8952:
8949:
8945:
8942:
8940:
8937:
8935:
8932:
8930:
8927:
8925:
8922:
8920:
8917:
8916:
8915:
8912:
8910:
8907:
8905:
8902:
8901:
8899:
8897:or production
8889:
8881:
8878:
8876:
8873:
8872:
8871:
8868:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8855:
8854:
8851:
8847:
8844:
8842:
8839:
8838:
8836:
8832:
8829:
8828:
8827:
8824:
8822:
8819:
8817:
8814:
8813:
8811:
8807:
8801:
8798:
8796:
8793:
8791:
8788:
8786:
8783:
8781:
8778:
8776:
8773:
8771:
8768:
8766:
8763:
8761:
8758:
8754:
8751:
8750:
8749:
8746:
8744:
8741:
8739:
8736:
8734:
8731:
8729:
8726:
8724:
8721:
8719:
8716:
8714:
8713:Prussian film
8711:
8709:
8706:
8704:
8701:
8699:
8696:
8694:
8691:
8689:
8686:
8684:
8681:
8679:
8676:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8658:New Nollywood
8656:
8654:
8653:New Hollywood
8651:
8649:
8646:
8644:
8641:
8639:
8636:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8609:
8606:
8604:
8601:
8599:
8596:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8586:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8566:
8564:
8561:
8559:
8556:
8554:
8551:
8549:
8546:
8544:
8541:
8539:
8536:
8534:
8531:
8529:
8526:
8524:
8521:
8519:
8516:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8481:
8479:
8476:
8474:
8473:Cannibal boom
8471:
8469:
8468:Calligrafismo
8466:
8464:
8461:
8457:
8454:
8453:
8452:
8449:
8447:
8444:
8442:
8439:
8437:
8436:Berlin School
8434:
8432:
8429:
8427:
8424:
8422:
8419:
8417:
8414:
8412:
8409:
8408:
8406:
8400:
8392:
8389:
8387:
8386:Weird Western
8384:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8367:
8364:
8362:
8359:
8357:
8354:
8352:
8349:
8347:
8344:
8342:
8339:
8337:
8334:
8332:
8329:
8327:
8324:
8322:
8319:
8317:
8314:
8313:
8312:
8309:
8305:
8302:
8300:
8297:
8295:
8292:
8291:
8290:
8287:
8285:
8282:
8280:
8277:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8243:
8240:
8239:
8238:
8235:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8217:Slice of life
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8201:
8198:
8196:
8193:
8191:
8188:
8186:
8183:
8181:
8178:
8176:
8173:
8171:
8170:Bavarian porn
8168:
8167:
8166:
8165:Sexploitation
8163:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8153:
8151:
8148:
8146:
8143:
8141:
8138:
8134:
8131:
8130:
8129:
8126:
8124:
8123:Partisan film
8121:
8119:
8116:
8114:
8111:
8109:
8106:
8102:
8099:
8098:
8097:
8094:
8092:
8091:Muslim social
8089:
8087:
8084:
8082:
8079:
8073:
8072:Zombie comedy
8070:
8069:
8068:
8065:
8063:
8060:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8048:
8047:Giant monster
8045:
8044:
8043:
8040:
8036:
8033:
8032:
8031:
8028:
8024:
8021:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7995:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7981:
7977:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7968:
7967:
7964:
7962:
7959:
7955:
7952:
7951:
7950:
7947:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7933:
7930:
7928:
7925:
7923:
7920:
7919:
7918:
7915:
7913:
7910:
7908:
7905:
7901:
7898:
7896:
7893:
7891:
7888:
7887:
7886:
7883:
7881:
7878:
7876:
7873:
7871:
7868:
7866:
7863:
7861:
7858:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7848:Mexploitation
7846:
7844:
7841:
7840:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7819:
7816:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7803:
7802:
7799:
7795:
7792:
7791:
7790:
7787:
7785:
7782:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7758:
7755:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7745:
7743:
7740:
7738:
7735:
7733:
7730:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7715:
7714:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7702:Coming-of-age
7700:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7673:
7672:
7671:
7668:
7666:
7663:
7661:
7658:
7656:
7653:
7652:
7650:
7646:
7640:
7637:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7619:
7618:
7617:Transgressive
7615:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7600:Psychological
7598:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7562:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7550:Slice of life
7548:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7480:
7479:
7476:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7450:
7447:
7446:
7445:
7442:
7441:
7440:
7437:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7422:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7407:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7394:
7391:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7378:
7377:
7374:
7373:
7372:
7369:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7336:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7305:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7288:
7287:Psychological
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7262:Korean horror
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7232:Found footage
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7189:
7188:
7185:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7157:
7156:
7153:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7135:
7134:
7131:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7121:Magic realism
7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7093:
7092:
7089:
7085:
7084:
7079:
7078:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7065:
7062:
7061:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7037:Sexploitation
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7024:
7023:
7020:
7014:
7011:
7010:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6988:Calligrafismo
6986:
6985:
6984:
6981:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6941:City symphony
6939:
6937:
6934:
6933:
6932:
6929:
6925:
6922:
6921:
6920:
6917:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6851:
6848:
6847:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6832:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6809:
6806:
6805:
6804:
6801:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6783:
6782:
6779:
6778:
6776:
6772:
6768:
6765:
6758:
6753:
6751:
6746:
6744:
6739:
6738:
6735:
6723:
6715:
6713:
6705:
6703:
6695:
6694:
6691:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6586:
6584:
6580:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6558:Mixed reality
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6535:
6533:
6531:
6527:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6497:
6495:
6493:
6489:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6444:
6442:
6440:
6436:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6406:
6404:
6402:
6398:
6392:
6391:Accessibility
6389:
6387:
6386:Visualization
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6368:
6366:
6364:
6360:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6310:
6308:
6306:
6302:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6227:
6225:
6223:
6219:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6174:
6172:
6170:
6165:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6135:
6133:
6131:
6127:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6089:
6086:
6085:
6084:
6081:
6080:
6078:
6076:
6072:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6017:
6015:
6013:
6009:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5954:
5952:
5950:
5946:
5942:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5912:
5910:
5906:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5867:
5863:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5846:Dependability
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5833:
5831:
5827:
5821:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5768:
5766:
5764:
5760:
5755:
5749:
5745:
5738:
5733:
5731:
5726:
5724:
5719:
5718:
5715:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5694:
5690:
5688:
5680:
5679:
5676:
5666:
5663:
5662:
5661:
5658:
5657:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5583:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5559:Bouncing ball
5557:
5556:
5555:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5545:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5488:
5484:
5481:
5480:
5478:
5474:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5403:Hydrotechnics
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5393:Drawn-on-film
5391:
5389:
5386:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5353:
5351:
5349:Other methods
5347:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5320:Magic Lantern
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5285:
5284:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5276:
5272:
5266:
5263:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5253:Virtual human
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5240:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5230:
5228:
5226:
5222:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5179:hand tracking
5177:
5175:
5172:
5171:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5132:
5128:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5088:
5086:
5084:
5080:
5077:
5074:
5070:
5065:
5061:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5043:
5040:
5039:
5038:
5035:
5031:
5028:
5027:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5015:
5011:
5008:
5004:
5000:
4999:clay painting
4997:
4996:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4989:
4987:
4983:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4944:
4940:
4937:
4933:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4891:
4890:
4887:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4830:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4813:
4809:
4806:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4796:international
4794:
4793:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4770:
4767:
4766:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4738:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4728:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4615:
4611:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4599:United States
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4506:
4503:
4500:
4496:
4491:
4484:
4479:
4477:
4472:
4470:
4465:
4464:
4461:
4454:
4449:
4445:
4444:
4433:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4414:
4410:
4404:
4400:
4395:
4391:
4389:0-13-061621-4
4385:
4381:
4376:
4372:
4366:
4362:
4357:
4353:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4330:
4319:
4318:
4313:
4311:
4304:
4300:
4298:0-7357-0046-X
4294:
4290:
4285:
4281:
4279:0-470-02316-3
4275:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4259:
4255:
4253:0-240-51671-0
4249:
4245:
4240:
4236:
4230:
4226:
4221:
4220:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4178:
4173:
4166:
4161:
4155:, p. 59.
4154:
4149:
4142:
4137:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4103:
4087:
4083:
4082:
4077:
4070:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4052:
4047:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4020:
4006:
4005:
4000:
3993:
3979:
3978:
3973:
3966:
3959:
3954:
3947:
3942:
3935:
3930:
3923:
3918:
3911:
3906:
3899:
3894:
3892:
3885:, p. xi.
3884:
3879:
3872:
3867:
3859:
3855:
3849:
3842:
3837:
3830:
3825:
3818:
3813:
3806:
3801:
3795:
3790:
3783:
3778:
3771:
3766:
3759:
3754:
3747:
3742:
3735:
3730:
3723:
3718:
3711:
3706:
3699:
3694:
3687:
3682:
3667:
3663:
3656:
3640:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3623:
3609:
3605:
3598:
3592:, p. 52.
3591:
3586:
3578:
3574:
3567:
3560:
3555:
3553:
3545:
3540:
3533:
3528:
3521:
3516:
3508:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3489:
3488:
3479:
3471:
3467:
3461:
3455:, p. 58.
3454:
3449:
3442:
3437:
3430:
3425:
3418:
3413:
3407:, p. 64.
3406:
3401:
3394:
3389:
3382:
3377:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3357:
3349:
3348:
3343:
3337:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3317:
3310:
3305:
3298:
3293:
3284:
3279:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3252:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3218:
3211:
3206:
3199:
3194:
3186:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3157:
3143:
3139:
3132:
3117:
3113:
3107:
3093:
3089:
3082:
3072:
3058:
3054:
3048:
3033:
3029:
3023:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2982:(6): 065001.
2981:
2977:
2970:
2968:
2953:
2949:
2943:
2929:
2925:
2918:
2904:
2900:
2894:
2880:
2876:
2869:
2861:
2859:1-58113-248-4
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2832:
2825:
2820:
2813:
2808:
2804:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2641:
2636:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2559:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2468:Over the Moon
2464:
2463:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2427:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2367:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2217:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2126:Strange Magic
2122:
2121:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2105:(2019), and
2104:
2103:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2068:Despicable Me
2064:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2009:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1997:
1996:Monster House
1992:
1991:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1949:
1948:The Boss Baby
1944:
1943:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1913:
1912:Kung Fu Panda
1908:
1907:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1858:The Ant Bully
1854:
1853:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1702:
1699:
1691:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1669:
1662:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1601:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1546:digital video
1543:
1539:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1442:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1327:
1324:tutorials on
1323:
1316:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1291:movie cameras
1288:
1286:
1279:
1269:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1222:
1218:in the movie
1217:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1155:
1153:
1152:video cameras
1149:
1146:makes use of
1145:
1144:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1061:
1056:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1043:The Lion King
1039:
1038:
1033:
1032:
1028:. Films like
1027:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1003:
998:
997:
991:
989:
988:
983:
982:
977:
976:
971:
970:
965:
961:
960:
955:
954:
949:
942:
918:
916:
912:
908:
903:
901:
900:
895:
891:
890:Edwin Catmull
887:
883:
879:
878:
873:
871:
865:
863:
859:
854:
852:
848:
842:
838:
832:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
792:
771:
763:Text-to-video
760:
758:
757:
752:
751:
746:
745:
740:
739:
734:
733:
728:
727:
722:
721:
716:
715:
710:
709:
704:
703:
698:
697:
692:
691:
686:
685:
680:
679:
678:The Lion King
674:
673:
668:
667:
662:
661:
656:
655:
649:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
620:
616:
612:
608:
605:
601:
599:
595:
585:
582:
580:
576:
571:
569:
565:
551:
548:
545:
542:
541:
538:
534:
531:
527:
524:
523:
519:
515:
512:
509:
505:
501:
498:
497:
493:
490:
487:
485:Face Rigging
484:
483:
479:
476:
473:
470:
469:
463:
454:
450:
448:
443:
439:
429:
426:
422:
421:bezier curves
418:
411:Interpolation
408:
405:
394:
392:
388:
383:
381:
377:
373:
372:interpolation
369:
365:
361:
347:
333:
330:
328:
327:
323:
322:
318:
315:
313:
312:
308:
307:
303:
300:
298:
297:
293:
292:
288:
285:
283:
282:
278:
277:
273:
270:
268:
267:
263:
262:
258:
255:
252:
251:
245:
243:
239:
238:interpolation
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
210:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
182:
179:
176:
171:
168:or faster (a
167:
163:
162:visual system
160:To trick the
153:
151:
147:
142:
138:
134:
130:
125:
123:
120:usually uses
119:
113:
111:
110:moving images
107:
103:
99:
95:
88:
83:
73:
64:
60:
59:
54:
53:
48:
47:
41:
32:
31:
19:
18:CGI animation
9043:Experimental
9038:Ethnofiction
8933:
8785:Third Cinema
8688:Persian Film
8431:Auteur films
8402:By movement
8259:Swashbuckler
8118:Ozploitation
8113:Outlaw biker
7993:Martial arts
7988:Magical girl
7838:Exploitation
7833:Ethnographic
7762:Mafia comedy
7405:Pornographic
7282:Psycho-biddy
7267:Lovecraftian
7101:Contemporary
7082:
7076:Exploitation
7071:Experimental
6951:Mockumentary
6820:Biographical
6654:Cyberwarfare
6537:
6313:Cryptography
5660:anime series
5618:Motion comic
5487:visual music
5433:Pose to pose
5408:Inbetweening
5388:Chuckimation
5330:Shadowmation
5283:Animatronics
5184:eye tracking
5164:Morph target
5116:Multi-sketch
5063:
4867:Short series
4781:Art pipeline
4759:Story artist
4705:World War II
4574:South Africa
4417:
4398:
4379:
4360:
4333:
4321:. Retrieved
4315:
4309:
4288:
4269:
4243:
4224:
4197:
4172:
4160:
4148:
4143:, p. 7.
4136:
4124:. Retrieved
4120:the original
4115:
4102:
4090:. Retrieved
4086:the original
4079:
4069:
4061:
4046:
4035:. Retrieved
4029:
4019:
4008:. Retrieved
4002:
3992:
3981:. Retrieved
3975:
3965:
3953:
3941:
3929:
3917:
3905:
3878:
3866:
3857:
3848:
3836:
3824:
3812:
3800:
3789:
3777:
3765:
3753:
3741:
3729:
3717:
3705:
3693:
3681:
3671:December 13,
3669:. Retrieved
3665:
3655:
3643:. Retrieved
3632:
3622:
3611:. Retrieved
3607:
3597:
3585:
3577:the original
3566:
3539:
3527:
3515:
3486:
3478:
3469:
3460:
3448:
3436:
3424:
3412:
3400:
3388:
3376:
3365:
3356:
3345:
3336:
3325:
3316:
3304:
3292:
3271:
3263:
3251:
3240:. Retrieved
3229:
3217:
3205:
3193:
3166:
3156:
3145:. Retrieved
3141:
3131:
3120:. Retrieved
3118:. 2022-12-21
3115:
3106:
3095:. Retrieved
3091:
3081:
3071:
3060:. Retrieved
3056:
3047:
3036:. Retrieved
3034:. 2019-11-14
3031:
3022:
2979:
2975:
2955:. Retrieved
2951:
2942:
2931:. Retrieved
2927:
2917:
2906:. Retrieved
2902:
2893:
2882:. Retrieved
2878:
2868:
2841:
2831:
2819:
2807:
2622:
2619:Weta Digital
2610:
2609:(2018), and
2604:
2598:
2592:
2586:
2574:
2573:(2016), and
2568:
2562:
2556:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2508:
2507:(2008), and
2504:Space Chimps
2502:
2496:
2484:
2478:
2466:
2460:
2448:
2447:(2018), and
2442:
2436:
2430:
2424:
2418:
2406:
2394:
2388:
2376:
2375:(2014), and
2370:
2364:
2352:
2346:
2334:
2328:
2316:
2310:
2298:
2297:(2020), and
2292:
2286:
2280:
2274:
2268:
2262:
2256:
2250:
2246:Finding Nemo
2244:
2238:
2232:
2220:
2219:(2020), and
2214:
2208:
2202:
2196:
2190:
2178:
2177:(2010), and
2172:
2166:
2160:
2154:
2148:
2136:
2124:
2118:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2066:
2063:Illumination
2054:
2053:(2014), and
2048:
2042:
2030:
2024:
2012:
2011:(2009), and
2006:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1977:
1964:
1963:(2022), and
1960:The Bad Guys
1958:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1910:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1880:
1868:
1856:
1855:(2002), and
1850:
1844:
1832:
1831:(2013), and
1826:
1820:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1790:
1784:
1772:
1766:
1754:
1750:Flushed Away
1748:
1736:
1735:(2013), and
1730:
1724:
1718:
1715:Animal Logic
1709:
1694:
1685:
1665:
1608:
1570:
1535:
1523:Flash Player
1496:
1465:
1445:
1441:Flushed Away
1439:
1428:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1402:
1391:
1349:
1339:included 68
1330:
1325:
1318:
1282:
1274:
1254:
1235:
1225:
1219:
1205:
1203:
1190:
1179:
1159:
1156:
1141:
1139:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1095:stick figure
1088:
1041:
1035:
1029:
1019:
1000:
994:
992:
985:
979:
973:
967:
957:
951:
945:
911:game engines
904:
897:
875:
868:
866:
855:
844:
808:that uses a
754:
748:
742:
736:
730:
724:
718:
712:
706:
701:
694:
689:
683:
676:
670:
665:
658:
653:
650:
627:
618:
614:
610:
606:
603:
591:
583:
572:
562:
474:Explanation
460:
451:
435:
414:
400:
384:
357:
324:
311:Interstellar
310:
295:
279:
264:
242:inbetweening
211:
195:asset driven
188:
180:
159:
126:
106:still images
93:
92:
67:
56:
50:
44:
9269:Video nasty
9264:Underground
9249:Slow cinema
9219:Sceneggiata
9107:Live action
9085:Independent
9065:Film à clef
9033:Docufiction
9001:Compilation
8976:Blockbuster
8944:Traditional
8939:Stop-motion
8875:Chick flick
8733:Slow cinema
8723:Remodernist
8538:Free Cinema
8518:Erra Cinema
8483:Cinema Novo
8361:Revisionist
7870:Gendai-geki
7806:Psychedelic
7794:Apocalyptic
7660:Beach party
7555:Slow cinema
7528:Space opera
7493:Fantastique
7364:Sceneggiata
7354:Musicarello
7227:Fantastique
7106:Fantastique
7049:Educational
6976:Video essay
6931:Documentary
6664:Video games
6644:Digital art
6401:Concurrency
6270:Data mining
6182:Probability
5915:Interpreter
5586:model sheet
5443:Rubber hose
5366:model sheet
5144:Cel shading
4986:Stop motion
4971:Rotoscoping
4943:Traditional
4872:Stop-motion
4818:Outsourcing
4579:South Korea
4559:Philippines
4554:North Korea
4187:Works cited
4126:October 10,
4092:October 10,
3958:Parent 2012
3946:Masson 1999
3871:Masson 1999
3858:blender.org
3817:Masson 1999
3782:Parent 2012
3770:Masson 1999
3758:Masson 1999
3746:Masson 1999
3734:Masson 1999
3710:Parent 2012
3698:Parent 2012
3686:Parent 2012
3590:Masson 1999
3559:Masson 1999
3544:Masson 1999
3532:Masson 1999
3453:Masson 1999
3393:Masson 1999
3381:Masson 1999
3297:Masson 1999
3222:Masson 1999
3210:Masson 1999
3198:Masson 1999
2824:Parent 2012
2812:Masson 1999
2762:Stop motion
2747:Ray tracing
2510:Gnome Alone
2483:(2013) and
2465:(2016) and
2420:Open Season
2393:(2022) and
2351:(2012) and
2333:(2013) and
2315:(2013) and
2264:Ratatouille
2210:Wonder Park
2123:(2011) and
2056:Wonder Park
2029:(2007) and
1985:ImageMovers
1789:(2019) and
1771:(2002) and
1753:(2006) and
1611:mathematics
1589:SmartSketch
1566:Flash Video
1299:bluescreens
1285:render farm
1278:workstation
1242:Andy Serkis
1232:2005 remake
1148:live action
1034:(2009) and
984:(1994) and
975:VeggieTales
877:Futureworld
575:stop motion
504:lip-syncing
471:Discipline
266:Toy Story 2
129:stop motion
89:" technique
9322:Categories
9189:Paracinema
9174:Neorealist
9169:Mythopoeia
9154:Mockbuster
9119:Low-budget
9060:Featurette
8893:technique,
8891:By format,
8770:Surrealist
8765:Structural
8643:New German
8633:Neorealist
8628:Mumblecore
8568:Heimatfilm
8528:Film d'art
8493:Cinéma pur
8227:South Seas
8200:Sex report
7466:Paranormal
7429:Propaganda
7329:Mumblecore
7116:Historical
6998:Historical
6887:Remarriage
6877:Mo lei tau
6722:Glossaries
6594:E-commerce
6187:Statistics
6130:Algorithms
6088:Stochastic
5920:Middleware
5776:Peripheral
5591:walk cycle
5458:Syncro-Vox
5371:walk cycle
5275:Mechanical
5201:Procedural
5101:PowerPoint
5054:Puppetoons
5049:Pixilation
5014:silhouette
5003:strata-cut
4994:Claymation
4935:Techniques
4924:Television
4695:Silent Era
4627:Bangladesh
4622:Azerbaijan
4509:Bangladesh
4498:By country
4323:January 8,
4037:2015-06-08
4010:2015-06-08
3983:2015-06-08
3805:Beane 2012
3613:2019-04-24
3506:1569762228
3495:. p.
3417:Means 2011
3283:2405.03150
3242:2013-02-15
3147:2024-05-22
3122:2024-05-21
3097:2024-05-21
3062:2024-05-22
3038:2024-05-22
2989:1502.03808
2957:2024-05-22
2933:2024-05-22
2908:2024-05-22
2884:2024-05-22
2794:References
2558:Big Hero 6
2396:Spellbound
2330:Free Birds
2282:Inside Out
2168:Madagascar
2096:The Grinch
1973:Framestore
1936:The Croods
1894:Madagascar
1888:Shark Tale
1720:Happy Feet
1598:See also:
1577:JavaScript
1199:keyframing
1170:Davy Jones
1166:Bill Nighy
1130:keyframing
894:Fred Parke
888:graduates
882:wire-frame
835:See also:
732:Titan A.E.
684:Pocahontas
638:key frames
598:pseudocode
447:simulation
425:in-between
391:composited
380:composited
364:key frames
218:algorithms
146:television
9179:No-budget
9144:Meta-film
9112:animation
9070:Film-poem
9006:Composite
8951:Anthology
8914:Animation
8909:Actuality
8895:approach,
8663:New Queer
8583:Indiewood
8533:Film gris
8404:or period
8381:Spaghetti
8304:Submarine
8284:Vigilante
8249:Superhero
8003:Chopsocky
7949:Jidaigeki
7818:Dystopian
7717:Detective
7675:Buddy cop
7665:Body swap
7595:Political
7575:Financial
7538:Tokusatsu
7533:Steampunk
7449:Bromantic
7421:Malayalam
7400:Crossover
7376:Detective
7344:Backstage
7292:Religious
7148:Tech noir
7143:Pulp noir
7133:Film noir
7008:Melodrama
6946:Docudrama
6919:Cyberpunk
6912:Slapstick
6902:Screwball
6862:Gross out
6825:Christian
6803:Adventure
6543:Rendering
6538:Animation
6169:computing
6120:Semantics
5811:Processor
5601:off-model
5571:Key frame
5428:Pixel art
5423:Pinscreen
5381:off-model
5325:Scanimate
5243:Machinima
5042:Brickfilm
5030:go motion
4956:Flip book
4490:Animation
4422:MIT Press
4165:Sito 2013
4153:Sito 2013
4141:Sito 2013
4116:Salon.com
3841:Sito 2013
3829:Sito 2013
3722:Sito 2013
3520:Sito 2013
3441:Sito 2013
3429:Sito 2013
3405:Sito 2013
3309:Sito 2013
3142:CAAM Home
3014:0264-9381
2799:Citations
2731:Machinima
2696:Hand-Over
2655:Animation
2606:Smallfoot
2426:Surf's Up
2361:Shirogumi
2279:(2009),
2234:Toy Story
2073:The Lorax
2044:Planet 51
2032:Astro Boy
1906:Bee Movie
1680:talk page
1623:rendering
1617:, apply "
1554:QuickTime
1542:rendering
1433:animals,
1293:, motion/
1263:Equipment
1259:trilogy.
1237:King Kong
1207:Toy Story
1116:Toy Story
1099:bind pose
1083:keyframed
1002:Toy Story
915:Machinima
870:Westworld
726:Anastasia
480:Examples
404:keyframes
220:to cheat
214:Animators
175:jerkiness
70:June 2019
9297:Category
9184:One-shot
9048:Abstract
8934:Computer
8618:Lettrist
8513:Dogme 95
8441:Bourekas
8411:Absolute
8351:Northern
8346:Meat pie
8299:Euro War
8294:Anti-war
8160:Rumberas
8081:Mountain
7983:Luchador
7939:Homeland
7927:Shotacon
7900:Suburban
7828:Economic
7789:Disaster
7722:Gangster
7697:Colonial
7687:Cannibal
7648:By theme
7605:Romantic
7560:Thriller
7518:New Wave
7513:Military
7471:Thriller
7439:Romantic
7386:Whodunit
7359:Operetta
7339:Arthouse
7307:Splatter
7202:Cannibal
7192:Arthouse
7175:Suburban
7165:Southern
7138:Neo-noir
7042:Thriller
6936:Animated
6924:Japanese
6892:Romantic
6882:Thriller
6808:Survival
6786:Arthouse
6774:By style
6702:Category
6530:Graphics
6305:Security
5967:Compiler
5866:Networks
5763:Hardware
5687:Category
5596:lip sync
5476:Variants
5463:Zoetrope
5413:Morphing
5376:lip sync
5356:Blocking
5248:Aniforms
5225:Puppetry
5206:Skeletal
5073:timeline
5064:Computer
4919:Internet
4801:regional
4737:Animator
4730:Industry
4594:Thailand
4564:Portugal
4544:Malaysia
4268:(2004).
4060: –
4054:Archived
4004:Newsweek
3639:Archived
2665:Autodesk
2632:See also
2603:(2017),
2597:(2016),
2591:(2014),
2567:(2016),
2564:Zootopia
2561:(2014),
2555:(2013),
2549:(2012),
2543:(2010),
2537:(2008),
2531:(2007),
2525:(2005),
2501:(2005),
2480:Zambezia
2441:(2012),
2435:(2009),
2429:(2007),
2423:(2006),
2369:(2011),
2291:(2017),
2285:(2015),
2273:(2008),
2267:(2007),
2261:(2006),
2255:(2004),
2249:(2003),
2243:(2001),
2237:(1995),
2213:(2019),
2207:(2018),
2201:(2017),
2195:(2015),
2174:Megamind
2171:(2005),
2165:(2004),
2159:(2001),
2153:(1998),
2138:Barnyard
2099:(2018),
2093:(2016),
2087:(2016),
2081:(2015),
2075:(2012),
2071:(2010),
2047:(2009),
2005:(2007),
1999:(2006),
1993:(2004),
1957:(2017),
1951:(2017),
1945:(2016),
1939:(2013),
1933:(2012),
1927:(2010),
1921:(2009),
1915:(2008),
1909:(2007),
1903:(2006),
1897:(2005),
1891:(2004),
1885:(2001),
1849:(2001),
1825:(2011),
1819:(2008),
1813:(2005),
1807:(2002),
1765: –
1729:(2010),
1723:(2006),
1688:May 2018
1674:You may
1619:textures
1615:polygons
1568:format.
1507:download
1492:clip art
1468:websites
1322:SIGGRAPH
1240:, actor
1187:textures
1183:sculpted
1176:Modeling
1091:skeleton
1073:of a 2D
1069:In this
972:(1983).
907:SIGGRAPH
696:Hercules
642:Tweening
634:software
387:rendered
376:rendered
368:tweening
354:Overview
201:such as
9279:Z movie
9055:Feature
8991:Collage
8961:B movie
8929:Cartoon
8668:No wave
8336:Florida
8331:Fantasy
8311:Western
8254:Surfing
8242:Eurospy
8212:Slavery
8062:Vampire
8042:Monster
8013:Kung fu
7954:Samurai
7922:Lolicon
7890:Romance
7737:Gong'an
7707:Concert
7692:Chicano
7655:Animals
7543:Western
7498:Fantasy
7456:Fantasy
7434:Reality
7371:Mystery
7349:Jukebox
7334:Musical
7312:Satanic
7302:Slasher
7272:Natural
7252:Holiday
7160:Romance
7126:Science
7091:Fantasy
6993:Dramedy
6857:Dramedy
6712:Outline
5702:Outline
5069:history
5020:Graphic
4966:Masking
4857:Package
4682:Ukraine
4652:Hungary
4614:History
4604:Vietnam
4569:Romania
4529:Estonia
4524:Czechia
3645:July 9,
3367:YouTube
3347:YouTube
3327:YouTube
2994:Bibcode
2576:Encanto
2540:Tangled
2498:Valiant
2162:Shrek 2
2078:Minions
2002:Beowulf
1804:Ice Age
1562:YouTube
1484:PowToon
1472:amateur
1454:, like
1417:Beowulf
1366:Realism
1360:avatars
1191:rigging
941:Blender
825:History
672:Aladdin
594:sprites
508:phoneme
259:Impact
230:gravity
63:discuss
9307:Portal
9244:Silent
9234:Shinpa
9229:Serial
9214:Satire
9199:Poetry
9129:Masala
8858:Shōnen
8841:Seinen
8356:Ostern
8341:Horror
8274:Travel
8232:Sports
8155:Rubble
8128:Prison
8096:Nature
8067:Zombie
8008:Gun fu
7944:Isekai
7917:Hentai
7885:Gothic
7811:Stoner
7777:Yakuza
7732:Gokudō
7680:Female
7610:Techno
7580:Giallo
7570:Erotic
7565:Comedy
7508:Horror
7503:Gothic
7488:Comedy
7461:Gothic
7444:Comedy
7393:Giallo
7247:Giallo
7217:Comedy
7187:Horror
7155:Gothic
7096:Comedy
7022:Erotic
7013:Korean
6971:Travel
6961:Pseudo
6907:Silent
6872:Parody
6867:Horror
6835:Action
6830:Comedy
6781:Action
6767:genres
5697:Portal
5258:Live2D
5174:facial
5139:T-pose
5037:Object
5010:Cutout
4889:Series
4838:Films
4677:Russia
4647:France
4637:Canada
4632:Brazil
4589:Taiwan
4549:Mexico
4514:Bhutan
4492:topics
4428:
4405:
4386:
4367:
4348:
4295:
4276:
4250:
4231:
4195:about
3503:
3181:
3012:
2856:
2627:(2011)
2615:(2020)
2612:Scoob!
2594:Storks
2579:(2021)
2552:Frozen
2513:(2017)
2489:(2014)
2486:Khumba
2471:(2020)
2453:(2021)
2411:(2001)
2399:(2024)
2381:(2019)
2357:(2016)
2339:(2014)
2321:(2016)
2303:(2021)
2270:WALL-E
2225:(2023)
2183:(2014)
2141:(2006)
2129:(2015)
2111:(2023)
2059:(2019)
2035:(2009)
2017:(2011)
1981:(2008)
1969:(2023)
1942:Trolls
1873:(2021)
1861:(2006)
1837:(2015)
1810:Robots
1795:(2020)
1777:(2008)
1759:(2011)
1741:(2014)
1515:plugin
1420:, and
1354:, the
1337:MPEG-4
1247:Gollum
1079:figure
1031:Avatar
1007:Disney
996:ReBoot
981:ReBoot
708:Tarzan
477:Tools
417:spline
253:Movie
9259:Sound
9239:Short
8996:Color
8919:Anime
8880:Josei
8870:Women
8863:Shōjo
8831:Anime
8821:Black
8816:Adult
8376:Space
8279:Trial
8222:Snuff
8133:Women
8108:Opera
8057:Mummy
8052:Kaiju
8035:Anime
8030:Mecha
8023:Wuxia
8018:Ninja
7966:LGBTQ
7961:Kaitō
7912:Harem
7895:Space
7875:Ghost
7823:Ecchi
7784:Dance
7757:Mafia
7742:Heist
7712:Crime
7670:Buddy
7639:Trick
7585:Legal
7242:Ghost
7180:Urban
7170:Space
7003:Legal
6983:Drama
6956:Mondo
6840:Black
6115:Logic
5949:tools
5513:Anime
5154:Crowd
5096:Flash
5025:Model
4914:Flash
4862:Short
4832:Works
4672:Korea
4667:Japan
4657:India
4642:China
4584:Spain
4539:Japan
4534:India
4519:China
3977:Salon
3278:arXiv
3260:(PDF)
2984:arXiv
2682:(CGI)
2570:Moana
2156:Shrek
2120:Rango
1882:Shrek
1573:HTML5
1488:Vyond
1216:Aslan
1197:, or
1125:tween
1103:Avars
1011:Pixar
966:film
964:anime
858:Kitty
814:video
804:is a
720:Balto
702:Mulan
611:while
518:anime
438:noise
326:Klaus
226:force
212:'CG'
170:frame
137:props
46:split
9016:Cult
8853:Teen
8846:Stag
8837:Men
8316:Acid
8150:Road
8140:Race
7976:Yuri
7971:Yaoi
7801:Drug
7752:Hood
7197:Body
7111:High
7081:see
7059:Epic
7032:Pink
6966:Semi
6850:Sexy
6764:Film
5947:and
5820:Form
5816:Size
5453:Sand
5091:2.5D
4769:List
4742:List
4662:Iran
4426:ISBN
4403:ISBN
4384:ISBN
4365:ISBN
4346:ISBN
4325:2012
4310:Hand
4293:ISBN
4274:ISBN
4248:ISBN
4229:ISBN
4128:2015
4094:2015
3673:2021
3647:2019
3501:ISBN
3179:ISBN
3010:ISSN
2879:TIME
2854:ISBN
2534:Bolt
2390:Luck
2300:Luca
2294:Soul
2288:Coco
2258:Cars
2150:Antz
2090:Sing
2026:TMNT
1865:DNEG
1828:Epic
1593:APNG
1579:and
1556:and
1529:and
1486:and
1331:The
1071:.gif
1009:and
959:Tron
956:and
892:and
862:BESM
839:and
791:Sora
753:and
378:and
228:and
222:mass
148:and
131:and
114:only
108:and
55:and
8956:Art
8924:Art
8289:War
8237:Spy
7483:Art
7222:Eco
6897:Sex
6815:Art
5576:Cel
5149:CGI
5111:CSS
5106:SVG
4338:doi
4031:CNN
3497:216
3171:doi
3002:doi
2846:doi
1822:Rio
1499:GIF
1444:or
1253:'s
1249:in
1234:of
1093:or
1081:is
607:int
604:var
65:)
61:. (
9324::
8904:3D
5818:/
5131:3D
5083:2D
5071:,
5001:,
4424:.
4344:.
4314:.
4264:;
4114:.
4078:.
4028:.
4001:.
3974:.
3890:^
3856:.
3664:.
3637:.
3631:.
3606:.
3551:^
3499:.
3491:.
3468:.
3364:.
3344:.
3324:.
3177:.
3165:.
3140:.
3114:.
3090:.
3055:.
3030:.
3008:.
3000:.
2992:.
2980:32
2978:.
2966:^
2950:.
2926:.
2901:.
2877:.
2852:.
2840:.
2276:Up
1494:.
1414:,
1400:.
1301:,
1297:,
1164:,
1137:.
917:.
853:.
800:A
759:.
747:,
741:,
735:,
729:,
723:,
717:,
711:,
705:,
699:,
693:,
687:,
681:,
675:,
669:,
663:,
657:,
630:2D
570:.
382:.
244:.
224:,
209:.
191:3D
152:.
124:.
7423:)
7419:(
6756:e
6749:t
6742:v
5756:.
5736:e
5729:t
5722:v
5489:)
5485:(
5075:)
5067:(
5016:)
5012:(
4814:)
4810:(
4482:e
4475:t
4468:v
4434:.
4411:.
4392:.
4373:.
4354:.
4340::
4327:.
4301:.
4282:.
4256:.
4237:.
4130:.
4096:.
4040:.
4013:.
3986:.
3860:.
3675:.
3649:.
3616:.
3509:.
3419:.
3286:.
3280::
3245:.
3187:.
3173::
3150:.
3125:.
3100:.
3065:.
3041:.
3016:.
3004::
2996::
2986::
2960:.
2936:.
2911:.
2887:.
2862:.
2848::
1701:)
1695:(
1690:)
1686:(
1672:.
1287:"
1283:"
872:,
820:.
772:.
72:)
68:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
