225:
from/to the gas phase. These particle parcels are simulated independently from the
Lagrangian air parcels. Their trajectories are determined using the horizontal winds and their vertical settling velocity that depends on the size of the individual particles. NAT particles are nucleated assuming a
212:
Mixing is based on grid deformation of quasi uniform air parcel distributions. The contraction or elongation factors of the distances to neighboring air parcels are examined: if a critical elongation (contraction) is reached, new air parcels are introduced (taken away). This way, anisotropic
200:. More than 100 chemical reactions involving 40+ chemical species are considered. Integration time step is 10 minutes, species can be combined into chemical families to facilitate integration. The module includes a radiative transfer model for the determination of
913:
437:
47:. CLaMS was first described by McKenna et al. (2000a,b) and was expanded into three dimensions by Konopka et al. (2004). CLaMS has been employed in recent European field campaigns
430:
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Lagrangian sedimentation is calculated by following individual nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) particles that may grow or shrink by the uptake or release of HNO
622:
346:
McKenna, Daniel S.; Konopka, Paul; Grooß, Jens-Uwe; Günther, Gebhard; Müller, Rolf; Spang, Reinhold; Offermann, Dirk; Orsolini, Y. (2002-08-27).
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constant nucleation rate and they evaporate where temperatures grow too high. With this, a vertical redistribution of HNO
755:
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does not simulate the dynamics of the atmosphere. For CLaMS, the following meteorological data sets have been used
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184:, integration time step 30 minutes. Vertical displacement of trajectories is calculated from radiation budget.
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If no observations are present, the chemical fields can be initialised from two-dimensional chemical models,
282:, climatologies, or from correlations between chemical species or chemical species and dynamical variables.
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To initialize the chemical fields in CLaMS, data from a large variety of instruments have provided data.
291:
40:
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521:
116:
36:
348:"A new Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) 1. Formulation of advection and mixing"
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rates. The module also includes heterogeneous reactions on NAT, ice and liquid particle surfaces.
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The details of the model CLaMS are well documented and published in the scientific literature.
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8:
1002:
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987:
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181:
119:): an air parcel is described by three space coordinates and a time coordinate. The
992:
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CLaMS operates on arbitrarily resolved horizontal grids. The space coordinates are
370:
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CLaMS is composed of four modules and several preprocessors. The four modules are
404:
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67:
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120:
115:), CLaMS operates on a Lagrangian model grid (see section about model grids in
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Comparison of the chemistry module with other stratospheric models by
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132:
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European Centre
Hamburg Atmospheric Model (ECHAM4), in the DLR version
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127:. A specialised mixing scheme ensures that physically realistic
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is imposed on an ensemble of trajectories in regions of high
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446:
Atmospheric, oceanographic, cryospheric, and climate models
345:
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on aircraft and balloons (HALOX, FISH, Mark IV, BONBON...)
77:
Major strengths of CLaMS in comparison to other CTMs are
213:
diffusion is simulated in a physically realistic manner.
339:
Formulation of chemistry-scheme and initialisation by
230:(denitrification and renitrification) is determined.
123:
path that an air parcels traces in space is called a
271:
on satellite (CRISTA, MIPAS, MLS, HALOE, ILAS, ...),
246:
European Centre for Medium-Range
Weather Forecasts (
95:
its integrability with arbitrary observational data
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431:
355:Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
180:Integration of trajectories with 4th order
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438:
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403:Extension to 3-dimension model version by
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333:Formulation of advection and mixing by
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543:
455:
419:
1024:Numerical climate and weather models
731:Regional and mesoscale oceanographic
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175:
544:
397:Calculation of photolysis rates by
13:
673:Regional and mesoscale atmospheric
250:), Predictions, Analyses, ERA-15,
233:
153:
98:its comprehensive chemistry scheme
14:
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314:CLaMS at Forschungszentrum Jülich
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171:a Lagrangian sedimentation scheme
102:
497:Atmospheric dispersion modeling
492:Tropical cyclone forecast model
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319:Current field campaign SCOUT-O3
1:
324:
897:Land surface parametrization
487:Numerical weather prediction
409:Lagrangian sedimentation by
7:
285:
66:with a focus on simulating
10:
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192:Chemistry is based on the
168:a Lagrangian mixing module
39:(CTM) system developed at
35:tratosphere) is a modular
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522:Meteorological reanalysis
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117:general circulation model
37:chemistry transport model
507:Upper-atmospheric models
502:Chemical transport model
292:Forschungszentrum Jülich
280:chemistry-climate models
240:chemical transport model
217:Lagrangian sedimentation
107:Unlike other CTMs (e.g.
41:Forschungszentrum Jülich
517:Model output statistics
198:University of Cambridge
780:Atmospheric dispersion
196:chemistry code of the
165:a box chemistry module
83:reverse domain filling
81:its applicability for
341:McKenna et al., 2002b
335:McKenna et al., 2002a
148:potential temperature
998:Scientific modelling
512:Ensemble forecasting
405:Konopka et al., 2004
376:10.1029/2000jd000114
188:Box chemistry module
1003:Computer simulation
472:Oceanographic model
399:Becker et al., 2000
393:Krämer et al., 2003
367:2002JGRD..107.4309M
162:a trajectory module
988:Mathematical model
923:Cryospheric models
866:Chemical transport
411:Grooß et al., 2005
182:Runge-Kutta method
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993:Statistical model
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535:
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477:Cryospheric model
467:Atmospheric model
361:(D16): ACH 15–1.
208:Lagrangian mixing
176:Trajectory module
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1029:Ozone depletion
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545:Specific models
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527:Parametrization
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297:Ozone depletion
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256:United Kingdom
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234:CLaMS data sets
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154:CLaMS hierarchy
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68:ozone depletion
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611:Global weather
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308:External links
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74:transport.
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482:Climate model
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939:Discontinued
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812:DISPERSION21
358:
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328:
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220:
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137:
106:
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72:water vapour
32:
31:odel of the
28:
24:
20:
16:
15:
618:IFS (ECMWF)
457:Model types
302:Meteorology
90:anisotropic
1018:Categories
842:PUFF-PLUME
802:AUSTAL2000
661:GME / ICON
628:GEM / GDPS
577:GFDL CM2.X
325:References
258:Met Office
202:photolysis
133:wind shear
125:trajectory
883:GEOS-Chem
385:2156-2202
144:longitude
129:diffusion
64:RECONCILE
57:TROCCINOX
27:grangian
852:SAFE AIR
685:RR / RAP
286:See also
140:latitude
113:REPROBUS
60:SCOUT-O3
23:hemical
888:CHIMERE
847:RIMPUFF
827:MERCURE
807:CALPUFF
657:JMA-GSM
572:HadGEM1
555:Climate
363:Bibcode
109:SLIMCAT
85:studies
45:Germany
962:NOGAPS
878:MOZART
797:ATSTEP
792:AERMOD
771:ADCIRC
761:MITgcm
703:HIRLAM
665:ARPEGE
648:NAVGEM
567:HadCM3
383:
260:(UKMO)
252:ERA-40
62:, and
53:EUPLEX
49:THESEO
909:CLASS
904:JULES
873:CLaMS
857:SILAM
766:FESOM
756:FVCOM
737:HyCOM
723:HRDPS
699:RAQMS
643:NAEFS
602:ECHAM
597:CFSv2
351:(PDF)
248:ECMWF
17:CLaMS
930:CICE
914:ISBA
837:OSPM
832:NAME
822:MEMO
817:ISC3
787:ADMS
741:ROMS
719:RGEM
714:HWRF
707:LAPS
690:RAMS
638:MPAS
592:CESM
587:CCSM
582:CGCM
562:IGCM
381:ISSN
194:ASAD
146:and
88:its
70:and
967:RUC
957:NGM
952:MM5
948:LFM
945:Eta
751:MOM
746:POM
710:RPM
695:WRF
680:NAM
633:GFS
623:FIM
371:doi
359:107
135:.
1020::
653:UM
379:.
369:.
357:.
353:.
238:A
150:.
142:,
111:,
55:,
51:,
43:,
25:La
439:e
432:t
425:v
387:.
373::
365::
228:3
223:3
33:S
29:M
21:C
19:(
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