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printed if opposite color modes are being combined in both mediums. When designing items to be printed, designers view the colors which they are choosing on an RGB color mode (their computer screen), and it is often difficult to visualize the way in which the color will turn out post-printing because of this.
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The problem of computing a colorimetric estimate of the color that results from printing various combinations of ink has been addressed by many scientists. A general method that has emerged for the case of halftone printing is to treat each tiny overlap of color dots as one of 8 (combinations of CMY)
465:
Spectrum of the visible wavelengths on printed paper (SCA Graphosilk). Shown is the transition from red to yellow. White, red, blue, and green are shown for reference. Readings from a white orchid flower, a rose (red and yellow petals), and a red cyclamen flower are shown for comparison. The units of
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on the black line art marked the outline of solid or tint color areas. In some cases a black keyline was used when it served as both a color indicator and an outline to be printed in black because usually the black plate contained the keyline. The K in CMYK represents the keyline or black plate, also
309:
The CMYK color model is based on the CMY color model, which omits the black ink. However, the imperfect black generated by mixing commercially practical cyan, magenta, and yellow inks is unsatisfactory, so four-color printing uses black ink in addition to the subtractive primaries. Common reasons for
995:
The RSWOP.icm cyan-magenta-yellow-black (CMYK) color profile targets the "Specifications for Web Offset
Publications" (SWOP) printing standard. This color profile is installed when you install Microsoft Office. However, by default, this color profile is not installed in Windows Vista. Therefore, you
440:
displays and CMYK prints can be difficult, since the color reproduction technologies and properties are very different. A computer monitor mixes shades of red, green, and blue light to create color pictures. A CMYK printer instead uses light-absorbing cyan, magenta, and yellow inks, whose colors are
457:
To reproduce color, the CMYK color model codes for absorbing light rather than emitting it (as is assumed by RGB). The "K" component absorbs all wavelengths and is therefore achromatic. The cyan, magenta, and yellow components are used for color reproduction and they may be viewed as the inverse of
392:
printing, in which specific colored inks are used to generate the colors appearing on paper. Some printing presses are capable of printing with both four-color process inks and additional spot color inks at the same time. High-quality printed materials, such as marketing brochures and books, often
448:
Similar to monitors, the inks used in printing produce a color gamut that is "only a subset of the visible spectrum" although both color modes have their own specific ranges. As a result of this, items which are displayed on a computer monitor may not completely match the look of items which are
241:
a solid color. Magenta printed with a 20% halftone, for example, produces a pink color, because the eye perceives the tiny magenta dots on the large white paper as lighter and less saturated than the color of pure magenta ink. Halftoning allows for a continuous variability of each color, which
199:
colored lights, and black is the absence of light. In the CMYK model, it is the opposite: white is the natural color of the paper or other background, black results from a full combination of colored inks. To save cost on ink, and to produce deeper black tones,
526:
of scattered light between and within the areas complicates the physics and the analysis; empirical formulas for such analysis have been developed, in terms of detailed dye combination absorption spectra and empirical parameters.
344:
of light and produce a perfect black, practical inks fall short of their ideal characteristics, and the result is actually a dark muddy color that does not quite appear black. Black ink absorbs more light and yields much better
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include photographs requiring process-color printing, other graphic effects requiring spot colors (such as metallic inks), and finishes such as varnish, which enhances the glossy appearance of the printed piece.
216:
This diagram shows three examples of color halftoning with CMYK separations, as well as the combined halftone pattern and how the human eye would observe the combined halftone pattern from a sufficient
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because inks "subtract" the colors red, green and blue from white light; white light minus red leaves cyan, white light minus green leaves magenta, and white light minus blue leaves yellow.
804:
180:
The CMYK model works by partially or entirely masking colors on a lighter, usually white, background. The ink reduces the light that would otherwise be reflected. Such a model is called
514:, which show up as non-linear components in the color-to-density mapping. More complex interactions such as Neugebauer blending can be modelled in higher-dimension lookup tables.
499:
that describe the spaces being converted. An ICC profile defines the bidirectional conversion between a neutral "profile connection" color space (CIE XYZ or Lab) and a selected
491:
Since RGB and CMYK spaces are both device-dependent spaces, there is no simple or general conversion formula that converts between them. Conversions are generally done through
781:
503:, in this case both RGB and CMYK. The precision of the conversion depends on the profile itself, the exact methodology, and because the gamuts do not generally match, the
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When a very dark area is wanted, a colored or gray CMY "bedding" is applied first, then a full black layer is applied on top, making a rich, deep black; this is called
333:
A combination of 100% cyan, magenta, and yellow inks soaks the paper with ink, making it slower to dry, causing bleeding, or (especially on low quality paper such as
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considerably expand the gamut. Light, saturated colors often cannot be created with CMYK, and light colors in general may make visible the halftone pattern. Using a
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ICC profiles, internally built out of lookup tables and other transformation functions, are capable of handling many effects of ink blending. One example is the
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The amount of black to use to replace amounts of the other inks is variable, and the choice depends on the technology, paper and ink in use. Processes called
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When subtractive CMY inks are combined at full strength, pairwise combinations are red, green, and blue. Combining all three gives an imperfect black color.
3170:
3117:
326:). To avoid even slight blurring when reproducing text (or other finely detailed outlines) using three inks would require impractically accurate
237:) allows for less than full saturation of the primary colors; tiny dots of each primary color are printed in a pattern small enough that humans
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enables continuous color mixing of the primaries. Without halftoning, each primary would be binary, i.e. on/off, which only allows for the
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The image above, (left) separated for printing with process cyan, magenta, and yellow (CMY) inks; (right) separated for CMY and black (K).
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and dark colors are produced by using black ink instead of or in addition to the combination of cyan, magenta, and yellow.
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412:, with the addition of light cyan and magenta inks to CMYK, can solve these problems, and such a process is used by many
523:
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522:. The resultant color would be an area-weighted colorimetric combination of these primary colors, except that the
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Although a combination of 100% cyan, magenta, and yellow inks should, in theory, completely absorb the entire
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are used to decide on the final mix; different CMYK recipes will be used depending on the printing task.
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Standardization of printing practices allow for some profiles to be predefined. One of them is the US
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979:"KB933845 How to obtain and install the Microsoft Standard CMYK Profile (RSWOP.icm) in Windows Vista"
201:
978:
107:) in the top image is actually a blend of cyan, magenta, yellow and black, as magnification under a
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spectral power are simply raw sensor values (with a linear response at specific wavelengths).
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1041:, which lists some standard CMYK profiles, their paper types, and color separation limits
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Color printing typically uses ink of four colors: cyan, magenta, yellow, and black.
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may experience unexpected results when you use certain programs that manage color.
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RGB. Cyan absorbs red, magenta absorbs green, and yellow absorbs blue (-R,-G,-B).
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Black ink is less expensive than the combination of colored inks that makes black.
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of eight colors: white, the three primaries, the three secondaries, and black.
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145:, and is also used to describe the printing process itself. The abbreviation
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or of 16 (combinations of CMYK) colors, which in this context are known as
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CMYK are the process printers which often have a relatively small color
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41:
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534:, which has its ICC color profile built into some software including
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Text is typically printed in black and includes fine detail (such as
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1996:
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803:
Zeng, Huanzhao (2003). Eschbach, Reiner; Marcu, Gabriel G (eds.).
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1819:
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1017:– A Windows software with source code for converting CMYK to RGB.
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401:
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1230:
1167:
774:"Top 8 Large Format Printing Tips To Achieve High-End Projects"
413:
164:
82:
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1044:
813:. Color Imaging VIII: Processing, Hardcopy, and Applications.
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1365:
1360:
1348:
1336:
1309:
1290:
1285:
1225:
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323:
748:
Handbook of Print Media: Technologies and
Production Methods
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1302:
1200:
302:
150:
856:
Sams Teach
Yourself Adobe Photoshop Elements 2 in 24 Hours
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1297:
1278:
437:
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For the vision capacities of organisms or machines, see
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In traditional preparation of color separations, a red
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Early representation of the three-color process (1902)
352:
A black made with just CMY inks is sometimes called a
30:"CMYK" redirects here. For the EP by James Blake, see
805:"3-D Color Separation Maximizing the Printer Gamut"
40:"CMYB" redirects here. For the cMyb gene tree, see
853:
635:
388:CMYK or process color printing is contrasted with
694:Forensic Chemistry: Fundamentals and Applications
428:Comparison of some RGB and CMYK color gamut on a
3230:
665:"The Difference Between RGB and CMYK, Explained"
445:, halftoning, or some other optical technique.
419:
27:Subtractive color model, used in color printing
1026:– Tool for RGB to CMYK color converter online.
1609:
1060:
950:
721:The Guild Handbook of Scientific Illustration
383:
195:, white is the "additive" combination of all
717:
487:Approximation of the image using CMY colors.
452:
337:) weakening the paper so much that it tears.
3161:Conservation and restoration of photographs
633:
2898:Comparison of digital and film photography
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1602:
1067:
1053:
851:
532:Specifications for Web Offset Publications
3118:Photographs considered the most important
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944:
909:Damien van Holten, Printinternational, "
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474:
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423:
296:
255:
211:
1035:– animated illustration of RGB vs. CMYK
784:from the original on September 29, 2020
744:
662:
14:
3231:
983:Beta Archive > Microsoft KB Archive
941:
771:
697:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 331.
1597:
1048:
891:from the original on February 7, 2023
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802:
724:. John Wiley and Sons. p. 242.
606:
305:colors of offset printing on a paper
251:
149:refers to the four ink plates used:
3113:Museums devoted to one photographer
507:and constraints such as ink limit.
24:
2660:Timeline of photography technology
882:"Overview of color in Illustrator"
404:'s proprietary six-color (CMYKOG)
25:
3260:
1005:
3211:
3201:
3200:
1578:
1577:
860:. Sams Publishing. p. 108.
772:Davies, Helen (August 3, 2020).
281:
272:
92:
81:
63:
51:
3212:
1623:
1074:
971:
916:
903:
874:
663:Menegus, Bryan (May 20, 2016).
642:. Watson–Guptill. p. 178.
319:sometimes called the key plate.
104:
954:Digital Color Imaging Handbook
928:L. R. Ingersoll Physics Museum
845:
796:
765:
738:
711:
684:
656:
627:
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13:
1:
2710:Painted photography backdrops
2642:Golden triangle (composition)
1917:35 mm equivalent focal length
745:Kipphan, Helmut, ed. (2001).
593:
470:
207:
420:Comparison with RGB displays
416:, including desktop models.
7:
2420:Intentional camera movement
545:
10:
3265:
3108:Most expensive photographs
2465:Multi-exposure HDR capture
1490:Colour Index International
924:"Subtractive Color Mixing"
572:Grey component replacement
384:Other printer color models
378:gray component replacement
260:A color photograph of the
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39:
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957:. CRC Press. p. 68.
613:. SPIE Press. p. 1.
453:Spectrum of printed paper
310:using black ink include:
3042:Digital image processing
1030:Color Space Fundamentals
751:. Springer. p. 87.
610:Digital Color Halftoning
432:xy chromaticity diagram.
2715:Photography and the law
607:Kang, Henry R. (1999).
577:Jacob Christoph Le Blon
3062:Gelatin silver process
2086:Science of photography
2071:Photographic processes
2049:Perspective distortion
951:Gaurav Sharma (2003).
691:Sigel, Jay A. (2015).
488:
480:
467:
433:
306:
265:
218:
2520:Schlieren photography
2059:Photographic printing
1982:Exposure compensation
1021:RGB to CMYK converter
718:R. S. Hodges (2003).
486:
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427:
300:
259:
215:
3249:Printing terminology
2304:Straight photography
1942:Chromatic aberration
1507:Federal Standard 595
1087:List of color spaces
1039:ICC profile registry
634:Roger Pring (2000).
520:Neugebauer primaries
436:Comparisons between
400:. Processes such as
374:under color addition
227:With CMYK printing,
3171:photographic plates
2856:Digital photography
2034:Hyperfocal distance
1947:Circle of confusion
852:Carla Rose (2003).
823:2003SPIE.5008..260Z
810:Proceedings of SPIE
524:Yule–Nielsen effect
370:under color removal
2675:Autochrome Lumière
2670:Analog photography
2495:Pigeon photography
2284:Social documentary
1763:discontinued films
557:CcMmYK color model
489:
481:
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307:
266:
219:
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3027:Collodion process
2963:Chromogenic print
2950:Color photography
2460:Multiple exposure
2435:Lo-fi photography
1962:Color temperature
1591:
1590:
831:10.1117/12.472012
704:978-1-118-89772-0
252:Comparison to CMY
16:(Redirected from
3256:
3215:
3214:
3204:
3203:
3082:Print permanence
3032:Cross processing
2990:CMYK color model
2975:Color management
2928:Foveon X3 sensor
2923:Three-CCD camera
2567:Miniature faking
2525:Sabattier effect
2137:Astrophotography
1992:Zebra patterning
1618:
1611:
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1196:RGB color spaces
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985:. March 15, 2007
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588:Color management
536:Microsoft Office
505:rendering intent
493:color management
342:visible spectrum
285:
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191:models, such as
120:CMYK color model
106:
99:What appears as
96:
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21:
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3087:Push processing
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2995:RGB color model
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2612:Diagonal method
2598:
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2242:Photojournalism
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1937:Black-and-white
1905:
1884:Slide projector
1879:Movie projector
1758:available films
1627:
1622:
1592:
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1570:
1561:
1495:CI list of dyes
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1422:Imaginary color
1370:
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1206:rg chromaticity
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567:RGB color model
552:CMY color model
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495:systems, using
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354:composite black
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139:CMY color model
137:, based on the
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2878:
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2876:
2864:Digital camera
2860:
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2690:Camera obscura
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2656:
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2644:
2639:
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2632:Rule of thirds
2629:
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2600:
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2400:Harris shutter
2397:
2395:Hand-colouring
2392:
2387:
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2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
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2159:
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2139:
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2119:
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2098:
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2081:Red-eye effect
2078:
2073:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2009:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1987:Exposure value
1984:
1979:
1974:
1972:Depth of focus
1969:
1967:Depth of field
1964:
1959:
1954:
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1934:
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1270:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1241:SMPTE 240M/"C"
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1192:
1190:
1184:
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1006:External links
1004:
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737:
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597:
595:
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579:
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569:
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559:
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497:color profiles
472:
469:
454:
451:
421:
418:
410:CcMmYK process
385:
382:
350:
349:
346:
338:
331:
320:
290:
289:
280:
279:
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270:
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221:Main article:
209:
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189:additive color
143:color printing
98:
91:
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76:
69:
62:
61:
57:
50:
49:
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3123:Photographers
3121:
3119:
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3043:
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3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3017:Bleach bypass
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3004:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2985:primary color
2983:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2970:Reversal film
2968:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2953:
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2935:Image sharing
2933:
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2836:United States
2834:
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2695:Daguerreotype
2693:
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2668:
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2543:
2541:
2540:Stopping down
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
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2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
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2505:Rephotography
2503:
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2440:Long-exposure
2438:
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2132:Architectural
2130:
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2118:
2115:
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2112:
2108:
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2091:Shutter speed
2089:
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2079:
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2044:Metering mode
2042:
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2032:
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2027:
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2017:
2013:
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1995:
1993:
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1958:
1957:Color balance
1955:
1953:
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1922:Angle of view
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1869:Manufacturers
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1475:
1473:and standards
1471:Color systems
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1199:
1197:
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1189:
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1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1168:CIELUV (1976)
1166:
1164:
1163:CIELAB (1976)
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
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1144:
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1009:
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964:0-8493-0900-X
960:
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955:
947:
945:
929:
925:
919:
912:
906:
890:
887:
883:
877:
869:
867:0-672-32430-X
863:
858:
857:
848:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
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811:
806:
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779:
775:
768:
760:
758:3-540-67326-1
754:
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733:
731:0-471-36011-2
727:
723:
722:
714:
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687:
672:
671:
666:
659:
651:
649:0-8230-5857-3
645:
640:
639:
630:
622:
620:0-8194-3318-7
616:
612:
611:
603:
599:
589:
586:
584:CMYK standard
583:
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575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
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550:
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317:
313:
312:
311:
304:
299:
284:
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236:
233:(also called
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174:
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167:
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125:
124:process color
121:
111:demonstrates.
110:
102:
95:
84:
66:
54:
43:
36:
34:
19:
3183:Polaroid art
3077:K-14 process
3072:Instant film
3067:Gum printing
3022:C-41 process
3007:Photographic
2989:
2908:Image sensor
2903:Film scanner
2557:Sun printing
2490:Print toning
2277:space selfie
2247:Pictorialism
2177:Ethnographic
2157:Conservation
2029:Guide number
2024:Focal length
1584:Color vision
1386:
1092:Color models
994:
987:. Retrieved
982:
973:
953:
931:. Retrieved
918:
905:
893:. Retrieved
876:
855:
847:
814:
808:
798:
786:. Retrieved
777:
767:
747:
740:
720:
713:
693:
686:
674:. Retrieved
668:
658:
637:
629:
609:
602:
542:RSWOP.icm).
529:
516:
509:
490:
456:
447:
441:mixed using
435:
395:
387:
367:
360:
358:
353:
351:
328:registration
308:
248:
244:reproduction
234:
228:
226:
186:
181:
179:
172:
165:
158:
151:
146:
127:
123:
119:
117:
32:
3239:Color space
3188:Stereoscopy
3052:E-6 process
3047:Dye coupler
2980:color space
2893:Digiscoping
2886:camera back
2801:Philippines
2730:Visual arts
2720:Glass plate
2705:Heliography
2604:Composition
2579:Ultraviolet
2535:Stereoscopy
2530:Slow motion
2515:Scanography
2430:Kite aerial
2370:Contre-jour
2262:Post-mortem
2252:Pornography
2232:Neues Sehen
2167:Documentary
2101:Zone System
2076:Reciprocity
2002:Film format
1932:Backscatter
1910:Terminology
1780:beauty dish
1679:rangefinder
1644:light-field
1625:Photography
1562: [
1517:ICC profile
1076:Color space
989:1 September
911:RGB Vs CMYK
778:Front Signs
301:Inspection
262:Teton Range
202:unsaturated
182:subtractive
135:color model
132:subtractive
3233:Categories
3178:Lomography
3009:processing
2958:Print film
2874:comparison
2841:Uzbekistan
2791:Luxembourg
2751:Bangladesh
2700:Dufaycolor
2680:Box camera
2637:Simplicity
2594:Zoom burst
2589:Xerography
2584:Vignetting
2574:Time-lapse
2562:Tilt–shift
2455:Mordançage
2445:Luminogram
2410:Holography
2405:High-speed
2385:Fill flash
2365:Burst mode
2343:Techniques
2324:Vernacular
2319:Underwater
2314:Toy camera
2294:Still life
2222:Monochrome
2212:High-speed
2162:Cloudscape
2152:Conceptual
2054:Photograph
2039:Lens flare
2019:Film speed
1901:Zone plate
1847:wide-angle
1832:long-focus
1407:Hexachrome
1216:Wide-gamut
1158:UVW (1964)
1153:YUV (1960)
1148:RGB (1931)
1143:XYZ (1931)
933:October 4,
895:October 4,
886:Adobe Inc.
788:October 4,
676:October 4,
594:References
501:colorspace
471:Conversion
406:Hexachrome
390:spot color
362:rich black
230:halftoning
208:Halftoning
141:, used in
128:four color
109:microscope
42:MYB (gene)
3128:Norwegian
3092:Stop bath
3037:Developer
2665:Ambrotype
2627:Lead room
2550:Slit-scan
2485:Photogram
2480:Panoramic
2390:Fireworks
2375:Cyanotype
2217:Landscape
1862:telephoto
1810:reflector
1805:monolight
1800:lens hood
1785:cucoloris
1721:safelight
1632:Equipment
1559:JIS Z8102
1342:Rec. 2100
1330:Rec. 2100
1325:Rec. 2020
1256:Rec. 2100
1251:Rec. 2020
638:WWW.Color
443:dithering
335:newsprint
235:screening
217:distance.
177:(black).
3244:Printing
3207:Category
2913:CMOS APS
2811:Slovenia
2739:Regional
2685:Calotype
2622:Headroom
2500:Redscale
2415:Infrared
2360:Brenizer
2334:Wildlife
2257:Portrait
2202:Forensic
2192:Fine-art
2127:Aircraft
2117:Abstract
1997:F-number
1977:Exposure
1952:Clipping
1927:Aperture
1795:hot shoe
1716:enlarger
1711:Darkroom
1522:ISCC–NBS
1412:HSL, HSV
1397:Coloroid
1392:ColorADD
1320:Rec. 709
1315:Rec. 601
1246:Rec. 709
1236:Rec. 601
1221:ProPhoto
1178:CIECAM16
1173:CIECAM02
1125:CIECAM16
1110:CIECAM02
889:Archived
839:20555157
782:Archived
546:See also
512:dot gain
430:CIE 1931
239:perceive
223:Halftone
101:cerulean
3218:Outline
3154:Related
2846:Vietnam
2831:Ukraine
2766:Denmark
2746:Albania
2725:Tintype
2652:History
2617:Framing
2510:Rollout
2475:Panning
2425:Kirlian
2329:Wedding
2207:Glamour
2187:Fashion
2172:Eclipse
2142:Banquet
2064:Albumen
1874:Monopod
1852:fisheye
1820:softbox
1669:pinhole
1659:instant
1649:digital
1542:Pantone
1537:Ostwald
1527:Munsell
1432:OSA-UCS
819:Bibcode
817:: 260.
670:Gizmodo
562:Cycolor
402:Pantone
345:blacks.
316:keyline
197:primary
130:) is a
105:
3216:
3205:
3138:street
3133:Polish
2826:Turkey
2821:Taiwan
2806:Serbia
2796:Norway
2771:Greece
2756:Canada
2350:Afocal
2309:Street
2289:Sports
2272:Selfie
2227:Nature
2182:Erotic
2147:Candid
2122:Aerial
2110:Genres
2012:medium
1889:Tripod
1857:swivel
1770:Filter
1748:holder
1743:format
1639:Camera
1582:
1382:CcMmYK
1231:DCI-P3
1033:
1024:
1015:
961:
864:
837:
755:
728:
701:
646:
617:
376:, and
324:serifs
170:, and
161:agenta
3143:women
3101:Lists
3057:Fixer
2940:Pixel
2869:D-SLR
2816:Sudan
2786:Korea
2781:Japan
2776:India
2761:China
2545:Strip
2470:Night
2450:Macro
2355:Bokeh
2299:Stock
2267:Ruins
2007:large
1837:prime
1815:snoot
1775:Flash
1753:stock
1728:Drone
1689:still
1674:press
1664:phone
1654:field
1566:]
1427:Oklab
1375:Other
1366:YCoCg
1361:xvYCC
1349:YPbPr
1337:ICtCp
1310:YCbCr
1291:SECAM
1286:YDbDr
1226:scRGB
1211:Adobe
1120:CAM16
1012:XCmyk
835:S2CID
398:gamut
168:ellow
126:, or
3166:film
2881:MILC
2380:ETTR
2237:Nude
2197:Fire
2096:Sync
1894:head
1842:zoom
1827:Lens
1790:gobo
1738:base
1733:Film
1704:view
1552:list
1485:ANPA
1480:ACES
1437:PCCS
1387:CMYK
1303:NTSC
1266:Y′UV
1201:sRGB
1115:iCAM
991:2023
959:ISBN
935:2020
897:2020
862:ISBN
815:5008
790:2020
753:ISBN
726:ISBN
699:ISBN
678:2020
644:ISBN
615:ISBN
582:SWOP
540:Agfa
538:(as
303:CMYK
147:CMYK
118:The
35:(EP)
33:CMYK
18:CMYK
2918:CCD
1699:toy
1694:TLR
1684:SLR
1547:RAL
1532:NCS
1512:HKS
1502:DIC
1462:TSL
1457:YJK
1452:HWB
1447:RYB
1417:HCL
1402:LMS
1354:MAC
1298:YIQ
1279:PAL
1274:YUV
1188:RGB
1135:CIE
1102:CAM
827:doi
438:RGB
193:RGB
187:In
154:yan
3235::
1564:ja
1442:RG
993:.
981:.
943:^
926:.
884:.
833:.
825:.
807:.
780:.
776:.
667:.
372:,
365:.
356:.
175:ey
163:,
156:,
1617:e
1610:t
1603:v
1586:.
1068:e
1061:t
1054:v
967:.
937:.
913:"
899:.
870:.
841:.
829::
821::
792:.
761:.
734:.
707:.
680:.
652:.
623:.
330:.
264:.
173:k
166:y
159:m
152:c
103:(
44:.
37:.
20:)
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