461:(1977–1992) that needed to be cleared before construction work could commence. Heavy, unseasonable rainfalls later affected the programme to such an extent that the first line could only be completed in August 1997 and the second in November that same year. During the refurbishment period, TAP developed and implemented various designs and construction methods to improve the overall programme schedules and project costs. In spite of the extreme conditions within which they had to refurbish and reconstruct these lines, the work was completed within schedule and with a limited budget. The lines have, since completion, been subject to numerous tests and energised to its full potential. About 1,100 people were employed during the peak periods of construction.
56:
469:
management services. TAP managed to temporarily restore power supply through the one line while a more permanent solution could be carried out on the other line. The reconstructed line is used to carry the full line capacity. TAP had to implement unconventional construction techniques to recover temporary supply. The suspension towers next to the river crossing posed a significant challenge for a temporary power solution to obtain the required clearances of the 711 metre level terrain span.
40:
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406:
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is known to travel more than 100 km upstream, this phenomenon does not conflict with existing scientific and biological fact. Usually an ocean-dwelling species, bull sharks are perfectly capable of living in fresh water for their entire lifespan. Local tribes have indeed reported sightings (and
438:(HCB) appointed South Africa's Trans-Africa Projects (TAP) to perform the construction management, quality assurance and design support service for the rehabilitation of the project. TAP assisted HCB in awarding the construction contract to a joint venture company comprising Consorzio Italia 2000 and
384:
said
Portugal would collect US$ 950 million (€750 million) from the sale of its part of southern Africa's largest hydropower project. Portugal kept a 15 percent stake, though it planned to sell off another 10 percent at a later stage to an investor that would be proposed by the Mozambican government.
492:
Most of the electricity generated by Cahora Bassa, which is located on the
Zambezi River in western Mozambique, is sold to nearby South Africa. In 2006, Cahora Bassa transmitted about 1,920 megawatts of power, but the infrastructure is capable of higher production levels and the company had plans to
415:
Mozambique became independent from
Portugal on 25 June 1975. Since closure, the Zambezi, which is the fourth largest floodplain river in Africa, has received a far more regulated flow rate, but disastrous natural floods still occur. The 1978 flood caused 45 deaths, 100,000 people to be displaced and
468:
valley again caused considerable damage to both lines to the extent that about 10 towers collapsed and need to be reconstructed within the shortest possible timeframe to restore the power supply to South Africa. TAP was again entrusted by HCB with the engineering, procurement and construction
419:
According to engineering consultants, "This was the first flood since completion of Cahora Bassa, and destroyed the widely held belief that the dam would finally bring flooding under full control". For further details of ecological problems caused by the dam, see the article on the
599:
Rendel, Palmer, and
Tritton Consulting and Designing Engineers: "Review of the hydrological network, and study of the design of a flood warning system for the Zambezi River". Supplementary report. London: Institute of Hydrology, 1980. Quoted in
397:. The central disagreement was over the handling of the company's estimated US$ 2.2 billion (€1.7 billion) debts to Portugal. Mozambican authorities argued they had not guaranteed the debt and therefore should not be liable for the payments.
472:
On April 27, 2009 four foreign nationals were arrested for putting a "highly corrosive" substance into the lake in an alleged attempt to sabotage the power station. The arrested claimed to be a team from
Orgonise Africa, placing
346:, on the other hand, undertook to build and operate the Apollo converter station and part of the transmission system required to bring the electricity from the South African-Mozambican border to the Apollo converter station near
431:(1977–1992) the transmission lines were sabotaged to the extent that 1,895 towers needed to be replaced and 2,311 refurbished over a distance of 893 km on the Mozambican side of the line.
380:, which held the remaining 82% equity. On 27 November 2007, Mozambique assumed control of the dam from Portugal, when Portugal sold to Mozambique most of its 82 percent stake. Finance Minister
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guerrillas, as its completion would cause the lake to widen so much it would take very long to cross to the other side with their canoes. The dam began to fill in
December 1974, after the
604:
621:
442:, and a scheduled period of 24 months was set for the project. The lines in South Africa were damaged to a minor extent and only normal maintenance was required by
587:
Terminski, Bogumil "Development-Induced
Displacement and Resettlement: Theoretical Frameworks and Current Challenges", Indiana University, 2013, available at:
55:
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almost double its output by 2008. In 1994 the total installed capacity in
Mozambique was 2,400 MW of which 91% was hydroelectric.
102:
601:
763:
625:
449:
Work on the project started in August 1995. The line route in
Mozambique passes through dense bush and difficult terrain from
705:
758:
722:
Portuguese
Colonial Intervention, Regional Conflict and Post-Colonial Amnesia: Cahora Bassa Dam, Mozambique 1965–2002
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and the independence agreement being signed. Mozambique officially became independent from Portugal on 25 June 1975.
611:
Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley (2001)
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354:
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attacks) by this isolated community of shark, although these have yet to be substantiated with hard evidence.
748:
743:
381:
17:
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Richard Beilfuss & David dos Santos: Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique.
393:. The agreement ended decades of dispute between Portugal and its former colony over the company, called
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governments were also involved in an agreement stating that Portugal would build and operate a
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8:
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350:. South Africa was then obliged to buy electricity that Portugal was obliged to supply.
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pieces in the lake to improve the quality of etheric energy (life force) of the dam.
450:
366:
357:, construction materials for the dam were repeatedly attacked in a strategic move by
539:
389:, signed the agreement with the Mozambican government, during an official visit to
331:
271:
508:. Annual catch of kapenta in the Cahora Bassa dam in 2003 exceeded 10,000 tonnes.
39:
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fishery has developed in the reservoir. The kapenta is assumed to originate from
327:
184:
174:
737:
517:
465:
282:
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343:
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Conference on Lusophone Africa: Intersections between the Social Sciences
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290:
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The Cahora Bassa System started in the late 1960s as a project of the
161:
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IUCN Cat Specialist Group (2006). Conservation Strategy for the Lion
376:(HCB) and jointly owned by Mozambique, with an 18% equity stake, and
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674:"Cahora Bassa, Tete Province, Mozambique Vacation Info: LakeLubbers"
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377:
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The rainfalls and severe flooding during February 2000 in the
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in Eastern and Southern Africa. IUCN, Pretoria, South Africa.
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required to bring electricity to the border of South Africa.
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http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/dlc/handle/10535/8833?show=full
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the high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system
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lake—in the Portuguese colonial era (until 1974) known as
701:
Hidroeléctrica de Cahora Bassa (HCB) Website (Portuguese)
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It is widely believed that there is a breeding colony of
678:
Lakes for Vacation, Recreation and Rentals - LakeLubbers
457:, with both servitudes infested with landmines from the
730:, Cornell Institute for African Development (May 2003).
700:
622:"News - Africa: Foreigners try to sabotage Moz dam"
281:'s fourth-largest artificial lake, situated in the
547:for details of the power scheme based on the dam.
735:
332:hydroelectric generating station at Cabora Bassa
95:
487:
434:In the 1990s, after the end of the civil war,
372:Until November 2007, the dam was operated by
297:on the Zambezi upstream of Cahora Bassa, and
567:"Mozambique assumes control of Cahora Bassa"
44:A partial view of Cahora Bassa from space.
706:World Lake Database for facts and figures
564:
400:
565:Vera Cruz, Germano (November 26, 2007).
404:
520:"trapped" inside the reservoir. As the
179:56,927 km (21,980 sq mi)
14:
736:
653:"Rivers of Africa: The Mighty Zambezi"
446:to get these lines back in operation.
305:are bigger in terms of surface water.
248:55.8 km (45,200,000 acreâ‹…ft)
480:Since 2005, the area is considered a
222:2,739 km (1,058 sq mi)
313:
62:
720:Allen Isaacman and Chris Sneddon, "
24:
25:
780:
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453:to the South African border near
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324:Overseas Province of Mozambique
764:Mozambican War of Independence
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632:
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436:Hidroeléctrica de Cahora Bassa
416:$ 62 million worth of damage.
410:A view of the Cahora Bassa dam
395:Hidroeléctrica de Cahora Bassa
374:Hidroeléctrica de Cahora Bassa
277:, meaning "finish the job"—is
13:
1:
551:
504:where it was introduced from
382:Fernando Teixeira dos Santos
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488:Related economic activities
385:Portugal's Prime Minister,
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759:Geography of Tete Province
334:(as it was then called in
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256:314 m (1,030 ft)
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355:struggle for independence
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204:292 km (181 mi)
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238:157 m (515 ft)
230:20.9 m (69 ft)
715:Encyclopædia Britannica
212:38 km (24 mi)
27:Reservoir in Mozambique
412:
401:Independent Mozambique
535:2007 Mozambican flood
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749:Reservoirs in Africa
459:Mozambican Civil War
429:Mozambican Civil War
363:Carnation Revolution
744:Lakes of Mozambique
545:Cahora Bassa (HVDC)
484:Conservation Unit.
114: /
607:2008-01-02 at the
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289:. In Africa, only
367:mainland Portugal
314:Portuguese period
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253:Surface elevation
118:15.667°S 31.833°E
16:(Redirected from
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573:. Archived from
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540:Cabora Bassa dam
338:) together with
328:Southern African
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162:Primary outflows
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609:Wayback Machine
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506:Lake Tanganyika
496:A considerable
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148:Primary inflows
123:-15.667; 31.833
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275:Kahoura-Bassa
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227:Average depth
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711:Cahora Bassa
681:. Retrieved
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657:. Retrieved
655:. 2021-10-23
647:
640:Panthera leo
639:
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626:the original
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344:South Africa
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268:Cabora Bassa
267:
264:Cahora Bassa
263:
261:
244:Water volume
218:Surface area
75:Location in
69:Cahora Bassa
33:Cahora Bassa
18:Cabora Bassa
502:Lake Kariba
427:During the
353:During the
303:Lake Nasser
295:Lake Kariba
201:Max. length
121: /
96:Coordinates
769:Reservoirs
738:Categories
683:2024-01-16
659:2024-01-16
552:References
522:bull shark
336:Portuguese
320:Portuguese
293:in Ghana,
291:Lake Volta
287:Mozambique
235:Max. depth
209:Max. width
191:Mozambique
90:Mozambique
77:Mozambique
571:Iol.co.za
140:Reservoir
135:Lake type
605:Archived
529:See also
475:orgonite
378:Portugal
348:Pretoria
87:Location
498:kapenta
359:Frelimo
322:in the
309:History
272:Nyungwe
270:, from
109:31°50′E
106:15°40′S
512:Sharks
455:Pafuri
391:Maputo
279:Africa
451:Songo
444:Eskom
299:Egypt
185:Basin
482:Lion
440:Enel
262:The
724:,"
365:in
301:'s
285:in
740::
713:,
676:.
569:.
424:.
326:.
717:.
686:.
662:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
