3092:
3083:
3067:
3420:
31:
273:
307:
643:
2346:
1292:
3362:
663:
42:
3614:
615:, such as CO-stretching vibrations, are often fast compared to intramolecular processes, whereas NMR transitions occur at lower frequencies and thus sample structures on a time scale that, it turns out, is comparable to the rate of intramolecular ligand exchange processes. NMR data provide information on "time-averaged structures", whereas IR is an instant "snapshot". Illustrative of the differing time scales, investigation of
592:
2911:
321:
291:
3563:
535:) CO ligands appear at even lower energies. In addition to symmetrical bridging modes, CO can be found to bridge asymmetrically or through donation from a metal d orbital to the Ď* orbital of CO. The increased Ď-bonding due to back-donation from multiple metal centers results in further weakening of the CâO bond.
3132:
are metal carbonyl complexes that are being developed as potential drugs to release CO. At low concentrations, CO functions as a vasodilatory and an anti-inflammatory agent. CO-RMs have been conceived as a pharmacological strategic approach to carry and deliver controlled amounts of CO to tissues and
364:
orbitals projecting from the carbon atom of the CO. The latter kind of binding requires that the metal have d-electrons, and that the metal be in a relatively low oxidation state (0 or +1) which makes the back-donation of electron density favorable. As electrons from the metal fill the Ď-antibonding
4403:
Finze, Maik; Bernhardt, Eduard; Willner, Helge; Lehmann, Christian W.; Aubke, Friedhelm (2005-05-10). "Homoleptic, Ď-Bonded
Octahedral Superelectrophilic Metal Carbonyl Cations of Iron(II), Ruthenium(II), and Osmium(II). Part 2: Syntheses and Characterizations of [M(CO)6][BF4]2 (M =
3292:
of the complexes, any inherent toxicity of the metal is generally made much more severe due to ease of exposure. Exposure occurs by inhalation, or for liquid metal carbonyls by ingestion or due to the good fat solubility by skin resorption. Most clinical experience were gained from toxicological
3352:
Chronic exposure by inhalation of low concentrations of nickel tetracarbonyl can cause neurological symptoms such as insomnia, headaches, dizziness and memory loss. Nickel tetracarbonyl is considered carcinogenic, but it can take 20 to 30 years from the start of exposure to the clinical
4296:
Ellis, John E.; Chi, Kai Ming (1990). "Highly reduced organometallics. 28. Synthesis, isolation, and characterization of [K(cryptand 2.2.2)]2[Hf(CO)6], the first substance to contain hafnium in a negative oxidation state. Structural characterization of [K(cryptand
1950:
The synthesis of ionic carbonyl complexes is possible by oxidation or reduction of the neutral complexes. Anionic metal carbonylates can be obtained for example by reduction of dinuclear complexes with sodium. A familiar example is the sodium salt of iron tetracarbonylate
1386:
The synthesis of metal carbonyls is a widely studied subject of organometallic research. Since the work of Mond and then Hieber, many procedures have been developed for the preparation of mononuclear metal carbonyls as well as homo- and heterometallic carbonyl clusters.
3468:
in a greenish-yellowish color; when heated in a glass tube it formed a nickel mirror. The gas could be condensed to a colorless, water-clear liquid with a boiling point of 43 °C. Thus, Mond and his coworker had discovered the first pure, homoleptic metal carbonyl,
369:
compared with free carbon monoxide, while the metalâcarbon bond is strengthened. Because of the multiple bond character of the MâCO linkage, the distance between the metal and carbon atom is relatively short, often less than 1.8 Ă
, about 0.2 Ă
shorter than a
3672:. The presence of isolobal analog fragments does not mean that the desired structures can be synthesized. In his Nobel Prize lecture Hoffmann emphasized that the isolobal analogy is a useful but simple model, and in some cases does not lead to success.
5311:
Sillner, H.; Bodenbinder, M.; Brochler, R.; Hwang, G.; Rettig, S. J.; Trotter, J.; von Ahsen, B.; Westphal, U.; Jonas, V.; Thiel, W.; Aubke, F. (2001). "Superelectrophilic
Tetrakis(carbonyl)palladium(II)- and platinum(II) Undecafluorodiantimonate(V),
780:
displays CO bands at 2082, 2019 and 1829 cm. The number of IR-observable vibrational modes for some metal carbonyls are shown in the table. Exhaustive tabulations are available. These rules apply to metal carbonyls in solution or the gas phase.
122:
The nomenclature of the metal carbonyls depends on the charge of the complex, the number and type of central atoms, and the number and type of ligands and their binding modes. They occur as neutral complexes, as positively-charged metal carbonyl
3516:
and H. O. Jones were able to determine the structure of diiron nonacarbonyl, which is produced from iron pentacarbonyl by the action of sunlight. After Mond, who died in 1909, the chemistry of metal carbonyls fell for several years in oblivion.
3348:
occur. In addition to pathological alterations of the lung, such as by metalation of the alveoli, damages are observed in the brain, liver, kidneys, adrenal glands, and spleen. A metal carbonyl poisoning often necessitates a lengthy recovery.
700:) at the bottom of this section, the hexacarbonyls show decreasing Ď-backbonding as one increases (makes more positive) the charge on the metal. Ď-Basic ligands increase Ď-electron density at the metal, and improved backbonding reduces ν
5644:
Finze, M.; Bernhardt, E.; Willner, H.; Lehmann, C. W.; Aubke, F. (2005). "Homoleptic, Ď-Bonded
Octahedral Superelectrophilic Metal Carbonyl Cations of Iron(II), Ruthenium(II), and Osmium(II). Part 2: Syntheses and Characterizations of
3621:
For the rational design of new complexes the concept of the isolobal analogy has been found useful. Roald
Hoffmann was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry for the development of the concept. This describes metal carbonyl fragments of
2015:. Although CO is considered generally as a ligand for low-valent metal ions, the tetravalent iron complex (16-valence electron complex) quantitatively binds CO to give the diamagnetic Fe(IV)-carbonyl (18-valence electron complex).
1435:
already at 80 °C and atmospheric pressure, finely divided iron reacts at temperatures between 150 and 200 °C and a carbon monoxide pressure of 50â200 bar. Other metal carbonyls are prepared by less direct methods.
498:
2472:. The parent compounds for many of these mixed ligand complexes are the binary carbonyls, those species of the formula , many of which are commercially available. The formulae of many metal carbonyls can be inferred from the
634:
bands, far more than expected for a single compound. This complexity reflects the presence of isomers with and without bridging CO ligands. The C NMR spectrum of the same substance exhibits only a single signal at a
5528:
Jin, Jiaye; Yang, Tao; Xin, Ke; Wang, Guanjun; Jin, Xiaoyang; Zhou, Mingfei; Frenking, Gernot (2018-04-25). "Octacarbonyl Anion
Complexes of Group Three Transition Metals (TM = Sc, Y, La) and the 18-Electron Rule".
1338:
to the metal oxides. It is discussed whether in the reducing hydrothermal environments of the prebiotic prehistory such complexes were formed and could have been available as catalysts for the synthesis of critical
1177:
provides information about the structure and composition of the complexes. Spectra for metal polycarbonyls are often easily interpretable, because the dominant fragmentation process is the loss of carbonyl ligands
1151:
range for terminally bound ligands is 150 to 220 ppm. Bridging ligands resonate between 230 and 280 ppm. The C signals shift toward higher fields with an increasing atomic number of the central metal.
4268:
H. J. Buttery; G. Keeling; S. F. A. Kettle; I. Paul; P. J. Stamper (1969). "Correlation between crystal structure and carbonyl-bond stretching vibrations of methyl benzene transition metal tricarbonyls".
5320:: Syntheses, Physical and Spectroscopic Properties, Their Crystal, Molecular, and Extended Structures, and Density Functional Theory Calculations: An Experimental, Computational, and Comparative Study".
6013:
Clark, George R.; Marsden, Karen; Roper, Warren R.; Wright, L. James (1980). "Carbonyl, Thiocarbonyl, Selenocarbonyl, and
Tellurocarbonyl Complexes Derived from a Dichlorocarbene Complex of Osmium".
4606:
Butcher, C. P. G.; Dyson, P. J.; Johnson, B. F. G.; Khimyak, T.; McIndoe, J. S. (2003). "Fragmentation of
Transition Metal Carbonyl Cluster Anions: Structural Insights from Mass Spectrometry".
3049:, followed by hydrogenation of the resulting hydroxyaldehyde. The "oxo aldehydes" resulting from hydroformylation are used for large-scale synthesis of fatty alcohols, which are precursors to
4808:
Cody, G. D.; Boctor, N. Z.; Filley, T. R.; Hazen, R. M.; Scott, J. H.; Sharma, A.; Yoder, H. S. Jr. (2000). "Primordial
Carbonylated IronâSulfur Compounds and the Synthesis of Pyruvate".
261:
502:
Resonance structures of a metal carbonyl. From left to right, the contributions of the right-hand-side canonical forms increase as the back-bonding power of M to CO increases.
4447:
Braga, Dario; Grepioni, Fabrizia; Orpen, A. Guy (1993). "Nickel carbonyl [Ni(CO)4] and iron carbonyl [Fe(CO)5]: molecular structures in the solid state".
3547:
played in the years following 1928 a decisive role in the development of metal carbonyl chemistry. He systematically investigated and discovered, among other things, the
3910:
Sargent, A. L.; Hall, M. B. (1989). "Linear
Semibridging Carbonyls. 2. Heterobimetallic Complexes Containing a Coordinatively Unsaturated Late Transition Metal Center".
3492:, which is produced by a similar procedure as nickel tetracarbonyl. Mond recognized the economic potential of this class of compounds, which he commercially used in the
3163:, are numerous. In contrast to metal carbonyls, however, homoleptic metal nitrosyls are rare. NO is a stronger Ď-acceptor than CO. Well known nitrosyl carbonyls include
374:
bond. The M-CO and MC-O distance are sensitive to other ligands on the metal. Illustrative of these effects are the following data for Mo-C and C-O distances in Mo(CO)
4056:
Londergan, C. H.; Kubiak, C. P. (2003). "Electron
Transfer and Dynamic Infrared-Band Coalescence: It Looks like Dynamic NMR spectroscopy, but a Billion Times Faster".
1758:
727:
and are observed. The number of observable IR transitions (but not their energies) can thus be predicted. For example, the CO ligands of octahedral complexes, such as
7800:
3464:
metals, oxides, and salts. As part of their experiments the group treated nickel with carbon monoxide. They found that the resulting gas colored the gas flame of a
769:
band is observed in the IR spectra of the octahedral metal hexacarbonyls. Spectra for complexes of lower symmetry are more complex. For example, the IR spectrum of
4975:
8185:
785:
solvents are ideal for high resolution. For measurements on solid samples of metal carbonyls, the number of bands can increase owing in part to site symmetry.
528:
is usually shifted by 100â200 cm to lower energy compared to the signatures of terminal CO, which are in the region 1800 cm. Bands for face-capping (
5094:
1273:
of the parent complex can be determined, as well as information about structural rearrangements involving loss of carbonyl ligands under ESI-MS conditions.
6970:
5601:
Brathwaite, Antonio D.; Maner, Jonathon A.; Duncan, Michael A. (2013). "Testing the Limits of the 18-Electron Rule: The Gas-Phase Carbonyls of Sc and Y".
2898:
is higher than that for free carbon monoxide. In nonclassical CO complexes, the C-O distance is shorter than free CO (113.7 pm). The structure of , with d
7007:
393:
185:-CO complexes, both the carbon and oxygen are bonded to the metal. More commonly only carbon is bonded, in which case the hapticity is not mentioned.
5365:
Malischewski, Moritz; Seppelt, Konrad; Sutter, JĂśrg; Munz, Dominik; Meyer, Karsten (2018). "A Ferrocene-Based Dicationic Iron(IV) Carbonyl Complex".
3235:
6484:
2402:
Metalâmetal bonds are cleaved by halogens. Depending on the electron-counting scheme used, this can be regarded as an oxidation of the metal atoms:
166:, and their homologs, build neutral mononuclear complexes. Polynuclear metal carbonyls are formed from metals with odd atomic numbers and contain a
7183:
6857:
6511:
4515:
3231:
2942:, a highly pure metal powder, is prepared by thermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl. Carbonyl iron is used inter alia for the preparation of
7201:
7037:
563:
in vacuum, although this process is often accompanied by degradation. Metal carbonyls are soluble in nonpolar and polar organic solvents such as
7206:
7074:
188:
The carbonyl ligand engages in a wide range of bonding modes in metal carbonyl dimers and clusters. In the most common bridging mode, denoted
6186:
3590:
and their derivatives. In these reactions, for example, nickel tetracarbonyl or cobalt carbonyls act as catalysts. Reppe also discovered the
2923:
Metal carbonyls are used in several industrial processes. Perhaps the earliest application was the extraction and purification of nickel via
547:, a uniquely stable 17-electron metal carbonyl, is a blue-black solid. Dimetallic and polymetallic carbonyls tend to be more deeply colored.
3091:
2027:
of carbon monoxide by other ligands, the oxidation or reduction reactions of the metal center, and reactions at the carbon monoxide ligand.
1331:
identified by infrared spectroscopy. Four infrared stretching frequencies were found for the terminal and bridging carbon monoxide ligands.
1227:
is the most common technique for characterizing the neutral metal carbonyls. Neutral metal carbonyls can be converted to charged species by
7239:
2506:(M = Ca, Sr, Ba). The compounds were characterized in cryogenic matrices by vibrational spectroscopy and in gas phase by mass spectrometry.
2454:
8178:
3456:, investigated in the 1890s with Carl Langer and Friedrich Quincke various processes for the recovery of chlorine which was lost in the
7865:
7093:
688:
band for the metal carbonyls correlates with the strength of the carbonâoxygen bond, and inversely correlated with the strength of the
4368:
Jost, A.; Rees, B.; Yelon, W. B. (1975-11-01). "Electronic structure of chromium hexacarbonyl at 78 K. I. Neutron diffraction study".
7164:
6888:
6182:"MĂŠmoires sur quelques rĂŠactions donnant lieu Ă la production de l'oxychlorure de carbone, et sur nouveau composĂŠ volatil de platine"
2281:, followed by the release of carbon dioxide and the formation of metal hydrides or carbonylmetalates. A well-studied example of this
7626:
2003:
The use of strong acids succeeded in preparing gold carbonyl cations such as , which is used as a catalyst for the carbonylation of
5471:
Wu, Xuan; Zhao, Lili; Jin, Jiaye; Pan, Sudip; Li, Wei; Jin, Xiaoyang; Wang, Guanjun; Zhou, Mingfei; Frenking, Gernot (2018-08-31).
4686:"Human Carboxyhemoglobin at 2.2 Ă
Resolution: Structure and Solvent Comparisons of R-State, R2-State and T-State Hemoglobins"
3850:
Schut, D. A.; Tyler, D. R.; Weakley, T. J. R. (1996). "The Crystal Structure of Tris(4-methylpyridine) Tricarbonylmolybdenum(0)".
6824:
3496:
and financed more research on related compounds. Heinrich Hirtz and his colleague M. Dalton Cowap synthesized metal carbonyls of
1280:
608:
3687:, led to growth of the area. Metal carbonyl compounds were discovered in the active sites of three naturally occurring enzymes.
2055:, are effective ligands that afford synthetically useful derivatives. Substitution of 18-electron complexes generally follows a
8171:
7701:
7471:
7029:
3636:â or CHâ fragments in organic chemistry. In example dimanganese decacarbonyl is formed in terms of the isolobal analogy of two
3567:
2512:
with 4 valence electrons are expected to form heptacarbonyls; while these are extremely rare, substituted derivatives of Ti(CO)
692:
between the metal and the carbon. The Ď-basicity of the metal center depends on a lot of factors; in the isoelectronic series (
1362:
enzymes contain CO bound to iron. It is thought that the CO stabilizes low oxidation states, which facilitates the binding of
650:
Iron pentacarbonyl exhibits only a single C NMR signal owing to rapid exchange of the axial and equatorial CO ligands by
6837:
6708:
6415:
6254:
6129:
6104:
6076:
5997:
5855:
5785:
5425:
5264:
5157:
5076:
4911:
4590:
4565:
4499:
4252:
4227:
4200:
4144:
4040:
4007:
3894:
3834:
3782:
3754:
3578:, an industrial chemist and later board member of BASF, discovered a number of homogeneous catalytic processes, such as the
3430:
The synthesis of the first true heteroleptic metal carbonyl complex was performed by Paul SchĂźtzenberger in 1868 by passing
3082:
7143:
6994:
6915:
6862:
6504:
6387:
1140:
543:
Most mononuclear carbonyl complexes are colorless or pale yellow, volatile liquids or solids that are flammable and toxic.
510:
is a sensitive probe for the presence of bridging carbonyl ligands. For compounds with doubly bridging CO ligands, denoted
6446:
Tard, C; Pickett, C. J. (2009). "Structural and Functional Analogues of the Active Sites of the -, -, and -Hydrogenases".
3194:
are known but uncommon. The rarity of such complexes is partly attributable to the fact that the obvious source material,
7838:
7670:
7420:
7364:
7286:
6880:
6832:
6432:
3714:
3129:
2865:
2500:
7808:
2699:. In fact the cobalt derivative of this octacarbonyl is the only stable member, but all three tetramers are well known:
2522:
with 5 valence electrons, again are subject to steric effects that prevent the formation of MâM bonded species such as V
7717:
7155:
7110:
7066:
7050:
6852:
6819:
6809:
6696:
2255:
2023:
Metal carbonyls are important precursors for the synthesis of other organometallic complexes. Common reactions are the
1637:. In the presence of carbon monoxide, cobalt salts are quantitatively converted to the tetracarbonylcobalt(â1) anion:
8454:
7196:
7105:
6962:
6761:
5914:
Hayton, T. W.; Legzdins, P.; Sharp, W. B. (2002). "Coordination and Organometallic Chemistry of MetalâNO Complexes".
5182:
3478:
199:, the CO ligand bridges a pair of metals. This bonding mode is observed in the commonly available metal carbonyls: Co
4482:
Adams R. D., Barnard T. S., Cortopassi J. E., Wu W., Li Z. (1998). "Platinum-ruthenium carbonyl cluster complexes".
4160:
Tolman, C. A. (1977). "Steric effects of Phosphorus Ligands in Organometallic Chemistry and Homogeneous Catalysis".
3066:
102:
Metal carbonyls are toxic by skin contact, inhalation or ingestion, in part because of their ability to carbonylate
8382:
7606:
7567:
7232:
7058:
7021:
7016:
6982:
6773:
6738:
6721:
6713:
6649:
6589:
4927:
Boczkowski, J.; Poderoso, J. J.; Motterlini, R. (2006). "COâMetal Interaction: Vital Signaling from a Lethal Gas".
2339:
17:
3249:
also form extensive families of complexes that are related to the metal carbonyls. Typical isocyanide ligands are
6867:
6640:
6628:
6599:
6594:
6497:
3272:, an unstable molecule that forms stable complexes whose behavior closely parallels that of the metal carbonyls.
2308:
231:. In certain higher nuclearity clusters, CO bridges between three or even four metals. These ligands are denoted
2345:
7933:
6943:
6847:
6801:
6684:
6604:
6558:
4641:
Ricks, A.M.; Reed, Z.E.; Duncan, M.A. (2011). "Infrared spectroscopy of mass-selected metal carbonyl cations".
3198:, is unstable. Thus, the synthesis of thiocarbonyl complexes requires indirect routes, such as the reaction of
2159:
The rate of substitution in 18-electron complexes is sometimes catalysed by catalytic amounts of oxidants, via
874:
560:
5949:
Petz, W. (2008). "40 Years of Transition-Metal Thiocarbonyl Chemistry and the Related CSe and CTe Compounds".
7559:
7528:
7501:
6616:
5651:
3602:
and benzene derivatives with metal carbonyls as catalysts. BASF built in the 1960s a production facility for
3551:, the first known route to metal carbonyl hydrides and synthetic pathways leading to metal carbonyls such as
3301:
due to their use in industry. Nickel tetracarbonyl is considered as one of the strongest inhalation poisons.
3199:
2824:
1961:
1367:
5441:
Ohst, H. H.; Kochi, J. K. (1986). "Electron-Transfer Catalysis of Ligand Substitution in Triiron Clusters".
5280:
Xu, Q.; Imamura, Y.; Fujiwara, M.; Souma, Y. (1997). "A New Gold Catalyst: Formation of Gold(I) Carbonyl, (
1235:(ESI), instrumentation for which is often widely available. For example, treatment of a metal carbonyl with
7599:
7135:
6957:
6671:
3696:
3453:
1452:
in the presence of high pressure of carbon monoxide. A variety of reducing agents are employed, including
8449:
8194:
7945:
7900:
7773:
7762:
7743:
7225:
3937:
Li, P.; Curtis, M. D. (1989). "A New Coordination Mode for Carbon Monoxide. Synthesis and Structure of Cp
3556:
3164:
2733:
2722:
2711:
2642:
705:
639:
of 204 ppm. This simplicity indicates that the isomers quickly (on the NMR timescale) interconvert.
611:. These two techniques provide structural information on two very different time scales. Infrared-active
6320:
3117:
as well as rhodium and iridium carbonyl catalysts, respectively. Related carbonylation reactions afford
2431:
Most metal carbonyl complexes contain a mixture of ligands. Examples include the historically important
8459:
7588:
3798:
Cotton, F. Albert (1968). "Proposed nomenclature for olefin-metal and other organometallic complexes".
2700:
2286:
4867:
in Sewage Gas by using Cryotrapping Gas Chromatography Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry".
3606:
by the Reppe process, which was only superseded in 1996 by more modern methods based on the catalytic
1347:. Traces of the carbonyls of iron, nickel, and tungsten were found in the gaseous emanations from the
7784:
4980:
3313:
3265:
1572:
1375:
1166:
of ligand exchange processes can be determined by the temperature dependence of the line broadening.
341:
6122:
Der Unfallmann: Begutachtung der Folgen von Arbeitsunfällen, privaten Unfällen und Berufskrankheiten
4583:
Mass Spectrometry of Inorganic, Coordination and Organometallic Compounds: Tools â Techniques â Tips
3521:
started in 1924 the industrial production of iron pentacarbonyl by a process which was developed by
8464:
7915:
7517:
7119:
6679:
6534:
5686:
Lubbe, Stephanie C. C.; Vermeeren, Pascal; Fonseca Guerra, CĂŠlia; Bickelhaupt, F. Matthias (2020).
3669:
2653:
2585:
2056:
1902:
1374:
also are involved in bioprocessing of CO. Carbon monoxide containing complexes are invoked for the
1269:. By adjusting the cone voltage or temperature, the degree of fragmentation can be controlled. The
720:
96:
8163:
8004:
7736:
7694:
6907:
5805:
5473:"Observation of alkaline earth complexes M(CO)8 (M = Ca, Sr, or Ba) that mimic transition metals"
3705:
2902:= 112.9 pm, illustrates this effect. These complexes are usually cationic, sometimes dicationic.
2628:
2565:
2551:
2120:
1232:
666:
The number of infrared-active vibrational modes of several prototypical metal carbonyl complexes.
5198:
Roland, E.; Vahrenkamp, H. (1985). "Zwei neue Metallcarbonyle: Darstellung und Struktur von RuCo
4529:
Elliot. Band; E. L. Muetterties (1978). "Mechanistic features of metal cluster rearrangements".
7889:
7547:
7002:
6814:
3552:
3345:
3285:
3154:
2867:(M = Ca, Sr, Ba), characterized in gas phase by mass spectrometry and vibrational spectroscopy.
2849:
2664:
2604:
2278:
2063:
2012:
1719:
1469:
1240:
1228:
762:
mode (antisymmetric stretch of the apical carbonyl ligands) is IR-allowed. Thus, only a single
548:
366:
6271:
4973:
Herrmann, W. A. (1988). "100 Jahre Metallcarbonyle. Eine Zufallsentdeckung macht Geschichte".
1402:
can be prepared according to the following equations by reaction of finely divided metal with
7858:
7577:
7494:
7464:
7452:
6842:
6307:
5688:"The Nature of Nonclassical Carbonyl Ligands Explained by KohnâSham Molecular Orbital Theory"
3538:
3534:
3309:
3254:
2987:
2744:
2558:
2323:
2307:
Hydride reagents also attack CO ligands, especially in cationic metal complexes, to give the
2282:
2113:
2024:
1887:
1796:). On further heating, the products decompose eventually into the metal and carbon monoxide.
1576:
1445:
728:
671:
616:
604:
600:
583:. Some salts of cationic and anionic metal carbonyls are soluble in water or lower alcohols.
544:
507:
173:
Carbon monoxide has distinct binding modes in metal carbonyls. They differ in terms of their
151:
99:, metal carbonyls serve as precursors for the preparation of other organometallic complexes.
72:
1980:
can be prepared from the carbonyl halides under carbon monoxide pressure by reaction with a
7908:
7618:
6793:
6520:
6347:
6154:
5484:
5041:
4817:
4790:
4738:
4650:
3548:
3470:
3305:
3294:
3142:
2924:
2861:
2761:
2635:
2485:
2251:
2109:
1395:
1179:
782:
651:
580:
140:
88:
53:
5871:
Motterlini Roberto, Otterbein Leo (2010). "The therapeutic potential of carbon monoxide".
5342:
5092:
Hieber, W.; Fuchs, H. (1941). "Ăber Metallcarbonyle. XXXVIII. Ăber Rheniumpentacarbonyl".
4775:
4481:
1753:
is formed as a reaction product. In the reduction of metal chlorides with carbon monoxide
8:
8212:
7314:
5981:
5141:
4725:
Tielens, A. G.; Wooden, D. H.; Allamandola, L. J.; Bregman, J.; Witteborn, F. C. (1996).
4605:
3555:. Hieber, who was since 1934 the Director of the Institute of Inorganic Chemistry at the
3509:
3485:
2932:
2754:
unlike the majority of the other 18 VE transition metal carbonyls is sensitive to oxygen.
2675:
2105:
1785:
1507:, as the reducing agent leads to the oxidative coupling of the alkyl radical to form the
1371:
1224:
770:
576:
6351:
6158:
6040:
D. Lentz (1994). "Fluorinated Isocyanides - More than Ligands with Unusual Properties".
5488:
5045:
4821:
4794:
4742:
4724:
4654:
3419:
147:), but more commonly metal carbonyls are heteroleptic and contain a mixture of ligands.
30:
8267:
7539:
7188:
6934:
6539:
6294:
6244:
5896:
5828:
5806:"Organo Transition Metal Compounds as Intermediates in Homogeneous Catalytic Reactions"
5712:
5687:
5398:
5220:
4727:"The Infrared Spectrum of the Galactic Center and the Composition of Interstellar Dust"
4509:
4124:
3867:
3591:
3579:
3489:
3372:
Initial experiments on the reaction of carbon monoxide with metals were carried out by
3298:
3195:
3191:
3074:
3046:
2959:
2951:
2621:
2432:
2375:
1993:
1891:
1876:
1399:
1156:
34:
6181:
6119:
3098:
Also the cyclization of acetylene to cyclooctatetraene uses metal carbonyl catalysts:
306:
272:
8312:
8292:
7648:
7386:
7336:
6463:
6411:
6383:
6250:
6125:
6100:
6072:
5993:
5931:
5900:
5888:
5851:
5781:
5758:
5717:
5668:
5626:
5618:
5554:
5546:
5510:
5502:
5421:
5390:
5382:
5347:
5260:
5178:
5153:
5136:
Braye, E. H.; HĂźbel, W.; Rausch, M. D.; Wallace, T. M. (1966). H. F. Holtzlaw (ed.).
5072:
5032:
4944:
4907:
4884:
4833:
4756:
4707:
4666:
4623:
4586:
4561:
4495:
4464:
4429:
4421:
4385:
4314:
4248:
4223:
4217:
4196:
4140:
4073:
4036:
4003:
3890:
3830:
3778:
3750:
3373:
3365:
3250:
2544:
2531:
2215:
2160:
1868:
1634:
1508:
1500:
1477:
1465:
1324:
1296:
1276:
1174:
1163:
1144:
642:
314:
284:
107:
68:
5402:
3871:
3525:. The iron pentacarbonyl was used for the production of high-purity iron, so-called
3384:. As demonstrated later, the compound was not a carbonyl, but the potassium salt of
2832:
as monoanions resemble neutral group 10 metal carbonyl. is the best studied member.
245:-CO. Less common are bonding modes in which both C and O bond to the metal, such as
170:. Complexes with different metals but only one type of ligand are called isoleptic.
150:
Mononuclear metal carbonyls contain only one metal atom as the central atom. Except
8284:
8262:
8246:
8238:
7653:
7391:
6455:
6355:
6340:
Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
6218:
6162:
6049:
6022:
5985:
5958:
5923:
5880:
5832:
5820:
5748:
5707:
5699:
5660:
5610:
5583:
5538:
5492:
5450:
5374:
5337:
5329:
5293:
5252:
5229:
5145:
5103:
5049:
4991:
4936:
4876:
4825:
4746:
4697:
4683:
4658:
4615:
4538:
4487:
4456:
4413:
4377:
4348:
4306:
4278:
4171:
4162:
4132:
4065:
4028:
3973:
3919:
3859:
3807:
3684:
3118:
3102:
3058:
2963:
2757:
2473:
2367:
1872:
1766:
1352:
612:
493:{\displaystyle {\ce {M^{-}-C{\equiv }O+<->M=C=O<->M+{\equiv }C-O^{-}}}}
167:
76:
57:
5801:
4829:
4370:
Acta Crystallographica Section B: Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry
4245:
Symmetry and Spectroscopy: Introduction to Vibrational and Electronic Spectroscopy
3077:. The example below is for the synthesis of acrylic acid and acrylic acid esters:
2007:. The cationic platinum carbonyl complex can be prepared by working in so-called
603:, important analytical techniques for the characterization of metal carbonyls are
8366:
8324:
8300:
8254:
8230:
8217:
7404:
7348:
7344:
7307:
7298:
6240:
5574:
4776:"IR Spectroscopic Evidence of Metal Carbonyl Clusters in the Jiange H5 Chondrite"
4190:
3680:
3281:
3114:
2882:
2876:
2870:
2829:
2820:
2814:
2808:
2802:
2785:
2688:
2617:
2581:
2540:
2519:
2509:
2451:
2359:
1432:
1403:
1316:
1300:
715:
The number of vibrational modes of a metal carbonyl complex can be determined by
336:". The MâC bonding has three components, giving rise to a partial triple bond. A
132:
80:
61:
5135:
4555:
4127:(2005). "4. Carbonyls, Phosphine Complexes, and Ligand Substitution Reactions".
1283:
can provide vibrational informations for ionic carbonyl complexes in gas phase.
8408:
8272:
8222:
7331:
7321:
6952:
6236:
5643:
5310:
5149:
4940:
4491:
4032:
3661:
3522:
3457:
3435:
3106:
3035:
2571:. Group 6 elements (as well as group 7) are also well known for exhibiting the
2259:
2180:
2172:
2036:
1761:
from the chloride salts. Carbon monoxide is also suitable for the reduction of
1750:
1715:
1148:
724:
689:
636:
333:
325:
131:. The carbon monoxide ligand may be bound terminally to a single metal atom or
41:
5962:
5753:
5736:
4702:
4685:
4662:
4381:
4353:
4336:
3477:). The unusual high volatility of the metal compound nickel tetracarbonyl led
2199:
For iron pentacarbonyl, one obtains the tetracarbonylferrate with loss of CO:
1291:
8443:
8418:
6661:
6566:
6145:
Trout, W. E. Jr. (1937). "The Metal Carbonyls. I. History; II. Preparation".
5737:"Iron and Calcium Bioavailability of Fortified Foods and Dietary Supplements"
5622:
5550:
5506:
5386:
5256:
5233:
5107:
5053:
4995:
4670:
4468:
4425:
4389:
4318:
4267:
3676:
3544:
3526:
3465:
3401:
2995:
2975:
2939:
2366:. For example, they resist attack by alkylating agents, mild acids, and mild
2335:
2274:
2270:
1348:
568:
5824:
5497:
5472:
5284:= 1, 2), in Sulfuric Acid and Its Application to Carbonylation of Olefins".
2986:, hydrogen gas, and carbon monoxide react together with a catalyst (such as
1633:
In the aqueous phase, nickel or cobalt salts can be reduced, for example by
7263:
7217:
6467:
6360:
6335:
6053:
5989:
5935:
5892:
5762:
5721:
5703:
5672:
5630:
5558:
5542:
5514:
5394:
5378:
5351:
4948:
4888:
4837:
4760:
4627:
4619:
4433:
4136:
4095:. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. pp. 109â119, 534â538.
4077:
4069:
3603:
3575:
3493:
3385:
3203:
3054:
2928:
2848:
are also well known. Many metal carbonyl anions can be protonated to give
2371:
2363:
2218:
can insert into the metalâmetal bonds of some polynuclear metal carbonyls:
1344:
1340:
1334:
In the oxygen-rich atmosphere of the Earth, metal carbonyls are subject to
716:
84:
4711:
3586:
react with carbon monoxide and water to form products such as unsaturated
3380:
he prepared a substance having the empirical formula KCO, which he called
1784:
of mononuclear carbonyls generates di- and polymetallic carbonyls such as
8423:
8356:
6726:
6489:
6375:
6222:
5066:
4282:
3513:
3449:
3423:
3337:
3289:
3110:
3042:
2979:
2885:
as dications also resemble neutral group 6 derivatives (M = Fe, Ru, Os).
2641:. The heavier two members are unstable, tending to decarbonylate to give
2578:(the labilization of CO in the cis position) in organometallic synthesis.
2247:
1781:
1504:
1359:
361:
311:
128:
6026:
5454:
4542:
4460:
4310:
4175:
3977:
3923:
3811:
3533:. Not until 1927 did A. Job and A. Cassal succeed in the preparation of
3361:
2691:
with 9 valence electrons and are expected to form tetracarbonyl dimers M
1468:. Illustrative is the formation of chromium hexacarbonyl from anhydrous
360:
arises from overlap of filled d-orbitals on the metal with a pair of Ď*-
27:
Coordination complexes of transition metals with carbon monoxide ligands
5685:
3863:
3628:
as parts of octahedral building blocks in analogy to the tetrahedral CH
3501:
3246:
2572:
2331:
2040:
1981:
1973:
1777:
1659:
1560:
1270:
1262:
559:) forms deep green crystals. The crystalline metal carbonyls often are
337:
295:
281:
136:
103:
6459:
6166:
5927:
5664:
5614:
5587:
5333:
5297:
5279:
5177:(3rd ed.). Sausalito, CA: University Science Books. p. 190.
4417:
681:, occurs at 2143 cm for carbon monoxide gas. The energies of the
662:
8428:
8403:
8387:
8361:
6120:
Mehrtens, G.; Reichenbach, M.; HĂśffler, D.; Mollowitz, G. G. (1998).
5144:. Vol. 8. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 178â181.
4880:
3607:
3595:
3505:
3377:
3050:
2999:
2879:
as monocations resemble neutral group 6 derivative (M = Mn, Tc, Re).
2841:
2796:
2492:
2008:
1969:
1852:
1584:
1564:
1335:
1328:
1320:
1308:
353:
349:
345:
277:
174:
6206:
5884:
5572:
Ellis, J. E. (2003). "Metal Carbonyl Anions: from to and Beyond".
5125:. Vol. 1: Transition-Metal Compounds. New York: Academic Press.
4297:
2.2.2)]2[M(CO)6].cntdot.pyridine (M = Ti, Zr, and Hf)".
2119:
Substitution in 17-electron complexes, which are rare, proceeds via
1143:. To improve the sensitivity of this technique, complexes are often
7396:
4751:
4726:
3997:
3889:(2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 79â82.
3645:
3613:
3431:
3341:
3325:
3160:
2991:
2943:
2845:
2788:
2047:(CN), nitrogen donors, and even ethers, especially chelating ones.
1754:
1556:
1461:
1457:
1363:
1327:
clouds were detected. Iron carbonyl clusters were also observed in
1266:
1236:
1155:
NMR spectroscopy can be used for experimental determination of the
693:
155:
8193:
5975:
5734:
4684:
VĂĄsquez, G. B.; Ji, X.; Fronticelli, C.; Gilliland, G. L. (1998).
3559:
published in four decades 249 papers on metal carbonyl chemistry.
3481:
to the statement that Mond had "given wings to the heavy metals".
260:
8351:
8346:
8340:
7326:
5870:
3599:
3530:
3333:
2947:
2792:
2488:
2266:
2044:
1977:
1864:
1860:
1762:
1694:
1588:
1568:
1473:
1449:
591:
572:
564:
357:
299:
4376:(11). International Union of Crystallography (IUCr): 2649â2658.
3777:(in German) (102nd ed.). Berlin: de Gruyter. p. 1780.
2910:
1390:
8197:
5067:
Miessler, Gary L.; Paul J. Fischer; Donald Arthur Tarr (2013).
4773:
4556:
Riedel, E.; Alsfasser, R.; Janiak, C.; KlapĂśtke, T. M. (2007).
4023:
McFarlane, W.; Wilkinson, G. (1966). "Triiron Dodecacarbonyl".
3665:
3583:
3497:
3461:
3317:
3073:
Another important reaction catalyzed by metal carbonyls is the
2983:
2974:
Metal carbonyls are used in a number of industrially important
2837:
2496:
2176:
2048:
2004:
1867:
are often generated by abstraction of CO from solvents such as
1856:
1580:
1543:
1511:
1453:
340:
arises from overlap of the nonbonding (or weakly anti-bonding)
163:
124:
111:
92:
64:
5012:
Huheey, J.; Keiter, E.; Keiter, R. (1995). "Metallcarbonyle".
5011:
4242:
3884:
2039:
by donor ligands. The range of ligands is large, and includes
332:
Carbon monoxide bonds to transition metals using "synergistic
6405:
Chemicals from Synthesis Gas: Catalytic Reactions of CO and H
6269:
6246:
Eureka and Euphorias: The Oxford Book of Scientific Anecdotes
6069:
Rechtsmedizin. Befunderhebung - Rekonstruktion â Begutachtung
5364:
5030:
Mittasch, A. (1928). "Ăber Eisencarbonyl und Carbonyleisen".
4528:
4055:
3329:
3321:
2955:
2052:
1824:) provides higher-nuclear osmium carbonyl clusters such as Os
1258:
670:
An important technique for characterizing metal carbonyls is
371:
310:
The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of CO is a Ď*
6272:"Note on a Volatile Compound of Cobalt with Carbon Monoxide"
4926:
4402:
3336:. After some time, severe pulmonary symptoms such as cough,
3113:
is produced from methanol, carbon monoxide, and water using
6380:
From Coello to Inorganic Chemistry: A Lifetime of Reactions
5848:
Organotransition Metal Chemistry: From Bonding to Catalysis
4580:
3587:
3562:
3541:, the first synthesis of other homoleptic metal carbonyls.
3518:
3141:
Many ligands are known to form homoleptic and mixed ligand
2811:
as monoanions resemble again neutral group 6 derivatives: .
2035:
The substitution of CO ligands can be induced thermally or
1714:
Some metal carbonyls are prepared using CO directly as the
697:
320:
290:
159:
7438:
6433:"Building Bridges between Inorganic and Organic Chemistry"
5247:
Pike, R. D. (2001). "Disodium Tetracarbonylferrate(âII)".
4337:"Crystal and Molecular Structure of Vanadium Hexacarbonyl"
4090:
4002:(102nd ed.). Berlin: de Gruyter. pp. 1780â1822.
3617:
Isolobal fragments with tetrahedral or octahedral geometry
1945:
1134:
5172:
3909:
3039:
2817:
as monoanions resemble neutral group 8 derivatives: , , .
1816:
The thermal decomposition of triosmium dodecacarbonyl (Os
712:
fragment to order ligands by their Ď-donating abilities.
646:
The Berry pseudorotation mechanism for iron pentacarbonyl
5197:
5173:
Girolami, G.S.; Rauchfuss, T.B.; Angelici, R.J. (1999).
4334:
2479:
2362:, metal carbonyls are relatively unreactive toward many
6336:"The Physical and Chemical Properties of Iron Carbonyl"
6012:
5778:
Stealth-Kampfflugzeuge: Täuschen und Tarnen in der Luft
5440:
4486:. Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 32. pp. 280â284.
4335:
Bellard, S.; Rubinson, K. A.; Sheldrick, G. M. (1979).
2894:
Nonclassical describes those carbonyl complexes where ν
2326:
add with metal carbonyls to acylmetal carbonyl anions.
1913:
leads selectively to mixed-metal carbonyls such as RuCo
5978:
Chlorothiocarbonyl-bis(triphenylphosphine) iridium(I)
4027:. Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 8. pp. 181â183.
3280:
The toxicity of metal carbonyls is due to toxicity of
2760:
with 10 valence electrons form tetracarbonyls such as
1599:+ 4 Na + 6 CO + 2 diglyme â Na(diglyme)
1439:
6445:
5600:
4807:
4129:
The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals
3034:
Butyraldehyde is converted on an industrial scale to
1315:
In the investigation of the infrared spectrum of the
396:
5850:. New York: University Science Books. p. 1160.
4904:
Bioorganometallics: Biomolecules, Labeling, Medicine
3710:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
3701:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
2823:
as dianaions resemble neutral group 10 derivatives:
8060:
7926:
7754:
7728:
7680:
7486:
7445:
7430:
5913:
5091:
3936:
2805:
as dianions resemble neutral group 6 derivatives: .
2584:with 7 valence electrons form pentacarbonyl dimers
135:to two or more metal atoms. These complexes may be
45:
Sample of iron pentacarbonyl, an air-stable liquid.
6179:
6042:Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English
5976:Hill, A. F. & Wilton-Ely, J. D. E. T. (2002).
5095:Zeitschrift fĂźr anorganische und allgemeine Chemie
4446:
4412:(12). American Chemical Society (ACS): 4206â4214.
4305:(16). American Chemical Society (ACS): 6022â6025.
4022:
3124:
2914:Spheres of nickel manufactured by the Mond process
2889:
2855:
2183:to give carbonylmetalate (or carbonylate) anions:
492:
6204:
4455:(4). American Chemical Society (ACS): 1481â1483.
3849:
3744:
2779:
8441:
5418:Inorganic and Organometallic Reaction Mechanisms
4108:
3998:Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E.; Wiberg, N. (2007).
3566:Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Coal Research (now
3376:in 1834. By passing carbon monoxide over molten
3057:, especially if the reaction proceeds with high
2246:The CO ligand is often susceptible to attack by
627:) by means of infrared spectroscopy provides 13
6097:Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety
6094:
4972:
4640:
4123:
3053:. The hydroformylation is a reaction with high
2378:, for example, forms ferrous carbonyl halides:
1718:. In this way, Hieber and Fuchs first prepared
719:. Only vibrational modes that transform as the
154:, only metals with even atomic number, such as
117:
6402:
5775:
5527:
5249:Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis
5175:Synthesis and Technique in Inorganic Chemistry
5016:(2nd ed.). Berlin / New York: de Gruyter.
4774:Xu, Y.; Xiao, X.; Sun, S.; Ouyang, Z. (1996).
3772:
586:
8179:
7233:
6505:
6485:metal carbonyls at Louisiana State University
6211:Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions
5845:
5735:Fairweather-Tait, S. J.; Teucher, B. (2002).
5415:
4851:Feldmann, J. (1999). "Determination of Ni(CO)
4367:
4215:
4188:
2663:. The two other principal iron carbonyls are
2620:with 8 valence electrons form pentacarbonyls
1772:
1391:Direct reaction of metal with carbon monoxide
7247:
6430:
6090:
6088:
5571:
5470:
5029:
4581:Henderson, W.; McIndoe, J. S. (2005-04-01).
4514:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4104:
4102:
3824:
2543:with 6 valence electrons form hexacarbonyls
2241:
6235:
5246:
5120:
5025:
5023:
3827:Transition Metal Carbonyl Cluster Chemistry
3145:that are analogous to the metal carbonyls.
2826:, , . Condensed derivatives are also known.
2799:, form the 20-electron monoanions , , and .
2285:is the conversion of iron pentacarbonyl to
2112:and 155 kJ/mol (37 kcal/mol) for
1323:, monoxide vibrations of iron carbonyls in
1139:Metal carbonyls are often characterized by
538:
71:and as catalysts or catalyst precursors in
8186:
8172:
7240:
7226:
6519:
6512:
6498:
6374:
6333:
6270:Mond, L.; Hirtz, H.; Cowap, M. D. (1908).
6205:Mond, L.; Langer, C.; Quincke, F. (1890).
4901:
3773:Holleman, Arnold F.; Wiberg, Nils (2007).
3438:, where dicarbonyldichloroplatinum (Pt(CO)
2108:is 105 kJ/mol (25 kcal/mol) for
6359:
6085:
6066:
5800:
5752:
5711:
5496:
5341:
5007:
5005:
4750:
4701:
4352:
4243:Harris, D. C.; Bertolucci, M. D. (1980).
4099:
3885:Spessard, G. O.; Miessler, G. L. (2010).
3675:The economic benefits of metal-catalysed
3185:
1444:Some metal carbonyls are prepared by the
6187:Bulletin de la SociĂŠtĂŠ Chimique de Paris
6039:
6015:Journal of the American Chemical Society
5948:
5443:Journal of the American Chemical Society
5322:Journal of the American Chemical Society
5020:
4850:
4844:
4299:Journal of the American Chemical Society
4295:
3966:Journal of the American Chemical Society
3912:Journal of the American Chemical Society
3800:Journal of the American Chemical Society
3699: â carbon dioxide bonding to metals
3612:
3561:
3418:
3360:
2909:
1290:
1243:that is amenable to analysis by ESI-MS:
661:
641:
590:
386:: 2.06 vs 1.90 and 1.11 vs 1.18 Ă
.
344:electron pair on carbon with a blend of
319:
305:
289:
276:The highest occupied molecular orbital (
271:
267:
40:
29:
5531:Angewandte Chemie International Edition
5367:Angewandte Chemie International Edition
4330:
4328:
3878:
3768:
3766:
3740:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3241:
2059:, involving 16-electron intermediates.
1965:), which is used in organic synthesis.
1946:Metal carbonyl cations and carbonylates
1476:with aluminum as a reducing agent, and
1286:
1281:infrared photodissociation spectroscopy
1135:Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
674:. The CâO vibration, typically denoted
14:
8442:
7273:
5002:
4968:
4966:
4964:
4962:
4960:
4958:
4159:
4153:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3903:
3797:
3568:Max Planck Institute for Coal Research
139:, containing only CO ligands, such as
8167:
8049:
7221:
6493:
6424:
6207:"Action of Carbon Monoxide on Nickel"
6144:
5466:
5464:
4475:
4192:Chemical Applications of Group Theory
4091:Miessler, G. L.; Tarr, D. A. (2011).
4049:
3825:Dyson, P. J.; McIndoe, J. S. (2000).
3159:Metal nitrosyls, compounds featuring
3148:
2918:
2480:Charge-neutral binary metal carbonyls
2353:
6410:. Vol. 2. Kluwer. p. 106.
5166:
4325:
4195:(3rd ed.). Wiley Interscience.
3763:
3727:
3136:
2994:. Illustrative is the production of
2499:can all form octacarbonyl complexes
1757:is formed, as in the preparation of
1431:Nickel tetracarbonyl is formed with
1169:
4955:
4869:Journal of Environmental Monitoring
4219:Molecular Symmetry and Group Theory
3984:
3715:Alkaline earth octacarbonyl complex
3708: â class of chemical compounds
3130:Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules
1968:The cationic hexacarbonyl salts of
1440:Reduction of metal salts and oxides
657:
521:-CO, the bond stretching frequency
37:: an iron atom with five CO ligands
24:
5984:. Vol. 33. pp. 244â245.
5461:
4574:
3829:. Amsterdam: Gordon & Breach.
2370:. Most metal carbonyls do undergo
2344:
2256:potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide
2123:with a 19-electron intermediates.
2030:
1897:
1464:, as well as metal alkyls such as
25:
8476:
6478:
6124:. Berlin / Heidelberg: Springer.
4643:Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
4131:(4th ed.). pp. 87â124.
4000:Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie
3930:
3775:Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie
1499:The use of metal alkyls, such as
8383:Graphite intercalation compounds
6334:Dewar, J.; Jones, H. O. (1905).
3284:, the metal, and because of the
3090:
3081:
3065:
2277:attacks the CO ligand to give a
1257:Some metal carbonyls react with
595:Isomers of dicobalt octacarbonyl
259:
110:, which prevents the binding of
67:. Metal carbonyls are useful in
6439:
6396:
6368:
6327:
6286:
6263:
6229:
6198:
6173:
6138:
6113:
6060:
6033:
6006:
5969:
5942:
5907:
5864:
5839:
5794:
5769:
5728:
5679:
5637:
5594:
5565:
5521:
5434:
5409:
5358:
5304:
5273:
5240:
5191:
5129:
5114:
5085:
5060:
4920:
4895:
4801:
4767:
4718:
4677:
4634:
4599:
4549:
4522:
4440:
4396:
4361:
4289:
4261:
4236:
4209:
4182:
4117:
4084:
4016:
3178:, which are analogues of Ni(CO)
3125:CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs)
2905:
2890:Nonclassical carbonyl complexes
2856:Cationic binary metal carbonyls
2287:hydridoiron tetracarbonyl anion
365:orbital of CO, they weaken the
127:or as negatively charged metal
5951:Coordination Chemistry Reviews
5692:Chemistry â A European Journal
5343:11858/00-001M-0000-0024-1DEC-5
5071:. Prentice Hall. p. 696.
4929:Trends in Biochemical Sciences
3843:
3818:
3791:
2780:Anionic binary metal carbonyls
2530:, which is unknown. The 17-VE
2334:of these anions, such as with
1875:. Typical is the synthesis of
453:
431:
181:, and their bridging mode. In
13:
1:
6147:Journal of Chemical Education
5873:Nature Reviews Drug Discovery
4830:10.1126/science.289.5483.1337
4608:Chemistry: A European Journal
4058:Chemistry: A European Journal
3720:
3484:The following year, Mond and
3275:
3200:disodium tetracarbonylferrate
2349:Synthesis of Fischer carbenes
1368:carbon monoxide dehydrogenase
328:in transition metal carbonyls
6403:Sheldon, R. A., ed. (1983).
6099:. International Labour Org.
5286:Journal of Organic Chemistry
3697:Metal carbon dioxide complex
3454:Imperial Chemical Industries
3400:) and the potassium salt of
2969:
2958:-absorbing materials in the
2426:
2358:Despite being in low formal
2166:
2062:Substitution proceeds via a
2018:
1381:
118:Nomenclature and terminology
7:
6431:Hoffmann, R. (1981-12-08).
6249:. Oxford University Press.
6180:SchĂźtzenberger, P. (1868).
4783:Lunar and Planetary Science
4558:Moderne Anorganische Chemie
4247:. Oxford University Press.
3690:
3557:Technical University Munich
2171:Metal carbonyls react with
1231:, which enables the use of
804:average M-CO distance (pm)
706:Tolman electronic parameter
587:Analytical characterization
302:orbitals of carbon monoxide
294:Energy level scheme of the
10:
8481:
8051:
5813:Pure and Applied Chemistry
5150:10.1002/9780470132395.ch46
4941:10.1016/j.tibs.2006.09.001
4492:10.1002/9780470132630.ch44
4033:10.1002/9780470132395.ch47
3745:Elschenbroich, C. (2006).
3356:
3152:
2836:Large anionic clusters of
1851:Mixed ligand carbonyls of
1773:Photolysis and thermolysis
1680:+ 6 OH + 4 CO â
1571:salts may be reduced with
807:average C-O distance (pm)
8396:
8375:
8333:
8205:
7275:
7256:
7176:
7086:
6927:
6900:
6786:
6754:
6582:
6551:
6527:
6382:. Springer. p. 101.
5963:10.1016/j.ccr.2007.12.011
5754:10.1301/00296640260385801
4731:The Astrophysical Journal
4703:10.1107/S0907444997012250
4663:10.1016/j.jms.2011.03.006
4585:. John Wiley & Sons.
4382:10.1107/s0567740875008394
4354:10.1107/S0567740879003332
4109:Braterman, P. S. (1975).
3488:independently discovered
3452:, one of the founders of
3434:and carbon monoxide over
3353:manifestation of cancer.
3314:carbon monoxide poisoning
3238:have been characterized.
2242:Nucleophilic attack at CO
1941:+ 4 KCl + 11 CO
1894:in boiling DMF solution.
1749:If metal oxides are used
1573:lithium aluminium hydride
1522:+ 6 CO + 2 Al(C
1488:+ Al + 6 CO â Cr(CO)
324:Diagram showing synergic
8455:Organometallic chemistry
6095:Stellman, J. M. (1998).
5257:10.1002/047084289X.rd465
5234:10.1002/cber.19851180330
5123:Organometallic Syntheses
5108:10.1002/zaac.19412480304
5054:10.1002/ange.19280413002
4996:10.1002/ciuz.19880220402
4902:Jaouen, G., ed. (2006).
4690:Acta Crystallographica D
3887:Organometallic Chemistry
3670:dimanganese decacarbonyl
3264:CNC). A special case is
2873:form and in gas phase.
2269:, respectively. In the "
1905:of salts such as KCo(CO)
1903:Salt metathesis reaction
1759:osmium carbonyl chloride
1303:at the apical position,
721:electric dipole operator
539:Physical characteristics
356:on the metal. A pair of
97:organometallic chemistry
91:is used to produce pure
6241:"132: Metal Takes Wing"
5825:10.1351/pac197850080677
5776:Richardson, D. (2002).
5498:10.1126/science.aau0839
4906:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
3749:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
3706:Metal phosphine complex
3668:, these can combine to
3598:and its derivatives to
3594:and tetramerization of
2954:, in the production of
2850:metal carbonyl hydrides
1583:as a reducing agent in
1420:Fe + 5 CO â Fe(CO)
1410:Ni + 4 CO â Ni(CO)
1233:electrospray ionization
1141:C NMR spectroscopy
609:C NMR spectroscopy
8195:Inorganic compounds of
6521:Coordination complexes
6361:10.1098/rspa.1905.0063
6054:10.1002/anie.199413151
5990:10.1002/0471224502.ch4
5846:Hartwig, John (2010).
5704:10.1002/chem.202003768
5543:10.1002/anie.201802590
5416:Jim D. Atwood (1997).
5379:10.1002/anie.201809464
4976:Chemie in unserer Zeit
4620:10.1002/chem.200390116
4341:Acta Crystallographica
4216:Carter, R. L. (1997).
4189:Cotton, F. A. (1990).
4137:10.1002/0471718769.ch4
4111:Metal Carbonyl Spectra
4070:10.1002/chem.200305028
3648:to the methyl radical
3618:
3582:, in which olefins or
3571:
3553:dirhenium decacarbonyl
3427:
3369:
3346:gastrointestinal tract
3186:Thiocarbonyl complexes
3155:Metal nitrosyl complex
2915:
2537:is however well known.
2350:
2324:Organolithium reagents
2300:Na + NaOH â Na + NaHCO
2279:metallacarboxylic acid
2258:convert CO ligands to
2121:associative mechanisms
2064:dissociative mechanism
2057:dissociative mechanism
2013:antimony pentafluoride
1720:dirhenium decacarbonyl
1470:chromium(III) chloride
1312:
667:
647:
596:
549:Triiron dodecacarbonyl
494:
329:
317:
303:
287:
54:coordination complexes
46:
38:
5420:(2 ed.). Wiley.
3616:
3565:
3539:tungsten hexacarbonyl
3535:chromium hexacarbonyl
3422:
3364:
3344:, or problems in the
3310:non-specific symptoms
3190:Complexes containing
2988:dicobalt octacarbonyl
2938:By a similar process
2913:
2348:
2283:nucleophilic addition
2114:chromium hexacarbonyl
1888:iridium(III) chloride
1886:from the reaction of
1577:Vanadium hexacarbonyl
1341:biochemical compounds
1295:A heme unit of human
1294:
1239:generates an anionic
672:infrared spectroscopy
665:
645:
617:dicobalt octacarbonyl
605:infrared spectroscopy
601:X-ray crystallography
594:
545:Vanadium hexacarbonyl
508:Infrared spectroscopy
495:
323:
309:
293:
275:
268:Structure and bonding
152:vanadium hexacarbonyl
73:homogeneous catalysis
44:
33:
6223:10.1039/CT8905700749
5957:(15â17): 1689â1733.
5780:. ZĂźrich: Dietikon.
5138:Diiron Enneacarbonyl
5121:King, R. B. (1965).
4283:10.1039/DF9694700048
4271:Discuss. Faraday Soc
3660:. In analogy to how
3644:fragments, that are
3549:Hieber base reaction
3471:nickel tetracarbonyl
3306:nickel tetracarbonyl
3295:nickel tetracarbonyl
3242:Isocyanide complexes
2925:nickel tetracarbonyl
2252:trimethylamine oxide
2110:nickel tetracarbonyl
1396:Nickel tetracarbonyl
1329:Jiange H5 chondrites
1287:Occurrence in nature
1263:isocyanato complexes
652:Berry pseudorotation
581:carbon tetrachloride
394:
141:nickel tetracarbonyl
89:nickel tetracarbonyl
6352:1905RSPSA..76..558D
6159:1937JChEd..14..453T
6071:. Springer-Verlag.
6027:10.1021/ja00523a070
5982:Inorganic Syntheses
5698:(67): 15690â15699.
5652:Inorganic Chemistry
5649:(M = Fe, Ru, Os)".
5603:Inorganic Chemistry
5489:2018Sci...361..912W
5455:10.1021/ja00271a019
5373:(44): 14597â14601.
5142:Inorganic Syntheses
5069:Inorganic Chemistry
5046:1928AngCh..41..827M
5014:Anorganische Chemie
4822:2000Sci...289.1337C
4816:(5483): 1337â1340.
4795:1996LPI....27.1457X
4743:1996ApJ...461..210T
4655:2011JMoSp.266...63R
4543:10.1021/cr60316a003
4484:Inorganic Syntheses
4461:10.1021/om00028a082
4406:Inorganic Chemistry
4311:10.1021/ja00172a017
4176:10.1021/cr60307a002
4093:Inorganic Chemistry
4025:Inorganic Syntheses
3978:10.1021/ja00203a040
3924:10.1021/ja00187a005
3812:10.1021/ja01024a059
3510:diiron nonacarbonyl
3486:Marcellin Berthelot
2952:dietary supplements
2933:carbonyl metallurgy
2106:dissociation energy
1786:diiron nonacarbonyl
1372:acetyl-CoA synthase
1225:Electron ionization
577:glacial acetic acid
8450:Carbonyl complexes
8397:Oxides and related
6295:Chemical Abstracts
6067:Madea, B. (2003).
5221:Chemische Berichte
3864:10.1007/BF01673678
3852:J Chem Crystallogr
3619:
3592:cyclotrimerization
3580:hydrocarboxylation
3574:Also in the 1930s
3572:
3490:iron pentacarbonyl
3428:
3370:
3299:iron pentacarbonyl
3196:carbon monosulfide
3149:Nitrosyl complexes
3075:hydrocarboxylation
3047:aldol condensation
2978:reactions. In the
2960:stealth technology
2919:Metallurgical uses
2916:
2767:. Curiously Pd(CO)
2376:Iron pentacarbonyl
2354:With electrophiles
2351:
1892:triphenylphosphine
1769:is the byproduct.
1400:iron pentacarbonyl
1313:
801:C NMR shift (ppm)
723:will have nonzero
668:
648:
597:
517:-CO or often just
490:
382:(4-methylpyridine)
367:carbonâoxygen bond
330:
318:
304:
288:
47:
39:
35:Iron pentacarbonyl
8460:Transition metals
8437:
8436:
8161:
8160:
8155:
8154:
7215:
7214:
6460:10.1021/cr800542q
6435:. Nobelprize.org.
6417:978-90-277-1489-3
6315:Missing or empty
6256:978-0-19-280403-7
6167:10.1021/ed014p453
6131:978-3-540-63538-3
6106:978-91-630-5495-2
6078:978-3-540-43885-4
6048:(13): 1315â1331.
5999:978-0-471-20825-9
5928:10.1021/cr000074t
5857:978-1-938787-15-7
5787:978-3-7276-7096-1
5741:Nutrition Reviews
5665:10.1021/ic0482483
5659:(12): 4206â4214.
5615:10.1021/ic402729g
5588:10.1021/om030105l
5582:(17): 3322â3338.
5537:(21): 6236â6241.
5483:(6405): 912â916.
5449:(11): 2897â2908.
5427:978-0-471-18897-1
5334:10.1021/ja002360s
5298:10.1021/jo9620122
5266:978-0-471-93623-7
5159:978-0-470-13239-5
5078:978-0-321-81105-9
5033:Angewandte Chemie
4913:978-3-527-30990-0
4592:978-0-470-85015-2
4567:978-3-11-019060-1
4501:978-0-470-13263-0
4418:10.1021/ic0482483
4254:978-0-19-855152-2
4229:978-0-471-14955-2
4202:978-0-471-51094-9
4146:978-0-471-71876-5
4113:. Academic Press.
4064:(24): 5962â5969.
4042:978-0-470-13239-5
4009:978-3-11-017770-1
3972:(21): 8279â8280.
3896:978-0-19-533099-1
3836:978-90-5699-289-7
3806:(22): 6230â6232.
3784:978-3-11-017770-1
3756:978-3-527-29390-2
3529:, and iron oxide
3374:Justus von Liebig
3366:Justus von Liebig
3258:-butyl isocyanide
3251:methyl isocyanide
3137:Related compounds
3038:, a precursor to
2758:Group 10 elements
2309:formyl derivative
2175:such as metallic
2161:electron transfer
1962:Collman's reagent
1869:dimethylformamide
1734:+ 17 CO â Re
1635:sodium dithionite
1587:solvents such as
1579:is prepared with
1501:triethylaluminium
1480:as the catalyst:
1478:aluminum chloride
1466:triethylaluminium
1427:(100 bar, 175 °C)
1325:interstellar dust
1297:carboxyhemoglobin
1277:Mass spectrometry
1175:Mass spectrometry
1170:Mass spectrometry
1164:activation energy
1147:with CO. Typical
1132:
1131:
1103:2044, 2070, 2074
1015:
1014:
613:vibrational modes
482:
473:
459:
452:
444:
436:
424:
415:
401:
108:carboxyhemoglobin
69:organic synthesis
58:transition metals
16:(Redirected from
8472:
8200:and related ions
8188:
8181:
8174:
8165:
8164:
7631:
7260:
7259:
7242:
7235:
7228:
7219:
7218:
6514:
6507:
6500:
6491:
6490:
6472:
6471:
6454:(6): 2245â2274.
6448:Chemical Reviews
6443:
6437:
6436:
6428:
6422:
6421:
6400:
6394:
6393:
6389:978-030-646774-5
6372:
6366:
6365:
6363:
6346:(513): 558â577.
6331:
6325:
6324:
6318:
6313:
6311:
6303:
6290:
6284:
6283:
6267:
6261:
6260:
6233:
6227:
6226:
6202:
6196:
6195:
6177:
6171:
6170:
6142:
6136:
6135:
6117:
6111:
6110:
6092:
6083:
6082:
6064:
6058:
6057:
6037:
6031:
6030:
6021:(3): 1206â1207.
6010:
6004:
6003:
5973:
5967:
5966:
5946:
5940:
5939:
5916:Chemical Reviews
5911:
5905:
5904:
5868:
5862:
5861:
5843:
5837:
5836:
5810:
5798:
5792:
5791:
5773:
5767:
5766:
5756:
5732:
5726:
5725:
5715:
5683:
5677:
5676:
5641:
5635:
5634:
5609:(2): 1166â1169.
5598:
5592:
5591:
5569:
5563:
5562:
5525:
5519:
5518:
5500:
5468:
5459:
5458:
5438:
5432:
5431:
5413:
5407:
5406:
5362:
5356:
5355:
5345:
5308:
5302:
5301:
5292:(6): 1594â1598.
5277:
5271:
5270:
5244:
5238:
5237:
5228:(3): 1133â1142.
5195:
5189:
5188:
5170:
5164:
5163:
5133:
5127:
5126:
5118:
5112:
5111:
5089:
5083:
5082:
5064:
5058:
5057:
5027:
5018:
5017:
5009:
5000:
4999:
4984:
4970:
4953:
4952:
4924:
4918:
4917:
4899:
4893:
4892:
4881:10.1039/A807277I
4848:
4842:
4841:
4805:
4799:
4798:
4780:
4771:
4765:
4764:
4754:
4722:
4716:
4715:
4705:
4681:
4675:
4674:
4638:
4632:
4631:
4603:
4597:
4596:
4578:
4572:
4571:
4553:
4547:
4546:
4526:
4520:
4519:
4513:
4505:
4479:
4473:
4472:
4444:
4438:
4437:
4400:
4394:
4393:
4365:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4332:
4323:
4322:
4293:
4287:
4286:
4265:
4259:
4258:
4240:
4234:
4233:
4213:
4207:
4206:
4186:
4180:
4179:
4163:Chemical Reviews
4157:
4151:
4150:
4121:
4115:
4114:
4106:
4097:
4096:
4088:
4082:
4081:
4053:
4047:
4046:
4020:
4014:
4013:
3995:
3982:
3981:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3918:(5): 1563â1569.
3907:
3901:
3900:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3847:
3841:
3840:
3822:
3816:
3815:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3770:
3761:
3760:
3742:
3711:
3702:
3685:hydroformylation
3664:combine to form
3659:
3658:
3657:
3382:Kohlenoxidkalium
3226:CS + 2 NaCl
3119:acetic anhydride
3107:Cativa processes
3094:
3085:
3069:
3059:regioselectivity
2964:thermal spraying
2883:Group 8 elements
2877:Group 7 elements
2871:Group 3 elements
2862:Group 2 elements
2830:Group 9 elements
2821:Group 8 elements
2815:Group 7 elements
2809:Group 5 elements
2803:Group 4 elements
2786:Group 3 elements
2689:Group 9 elements
2618:Group 8 elements
2582:Group 7 elements
2541:Group 6 elements
2520:Group 5 elements
2510:Group 4 elements
2486:Group 2 elements
2474:18-electron rule
2368:oxidizing agents
2360:oxidation states
2340:Fischer carbenes
2273:base reaction",
1873:2-methoxyethanol
1767:carbonyl sulfide
1722:from the oxide:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1668:
1667:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1426:
1416:
1353:treatment plants
1265:with release of
1219:
1218:
1217:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1017:
1016:
941:
940:
939:
917:
916:
915:
864:
863:
862:
837:
836:
835:
788:
787:
658:Infrared spectra
499:
497:
496:
491:
489:
488:
487:
480:
478:
471:
470:
465:
464:
457:
450:
449:
442:
441:
434:
430:
429:
422:
420:
413:
412:
407:
406:
399:
334:pi* back-bonding
263:
168:metalâmetal bond
77:hydroformylation
21:
18:Carbonyl complex
8480:
8479:
8475:
8474:
8473:
8471:
8470:
8469:
8465:Carbon monoxide
8440:
8439:
8438:
8433:
8414:Metal carbonyls
8392:
8371:
8329:
8320:
8316:
8308:
8304:
8296:
8288:
8280:
8276:
8258:
8250:
8242:
8234:
8226:
8201:
8192:
8162:
8157:
8156:
8064:
8008:
7953:
7949:
7941:
7937:
7932:
7930:
7925:
7923:
7919:
7914:
7912:
7904:
7899:
7897:
7893:
7885:
7881:
7877:
7873:
7869:
7864:
7862:
7842:
7804:
7796:
7792:
7788:
7783:
7781:
7777:
7772:
7770:
7766:
7758:
7753:
7751:
7747:
7742:
7740:
7732:
7727:
7725:
7721:
7713:
7709:
7705:
7700:
7698:
7684:
7674:
7657:
7632:
7629:
7622:
7614:
7610:
7605:
7603:
7598:
7596:
7592:
7587:
7585:
7581:
7574:
7563:
7555:
7551:
7543:
7532:
7527:
7525:
7521:
7513:
7509:
7505:
7500:
7498:
7490:
7485:
7483:
7479:
7475:
7470:
7468:
7460:
7456:
7451:
7449:
7444:
7442:
7434:
7424:
7408:
7403:
7400:
7376:
7372:
7368:
7352:
7347:
7343:
7340:
7320:
7318:
7313:
7311:
7302:
7294:
7290:
7267:
7252:
7246:
7216:
7211:
7192:
7172:
7159:
7151:
7147:
7139:
7131:
7127:
7123:
7114:
7101:
7097:
7082:
7078:
7070:
7062:
7054:
7045:
7041:
7033:
7025:
7011:
6998:
6990:
6986:
6978:
6974:
6966:
6947:
6938:
6923:
6919:
6911:
6896:
6884:
6875:
6871:
6828:
6805:
6797:
6782:
6777:
6769:
6765:
6750:
6746:
6742:
6734:
6730:
6717:
6704:
6700:
6692:
6688:
6675:
6657:
6653:
6644:
6636:
6632:
6624:
6620:
6612:
6608:
6578:
6574:
6570:
6562:
6547:
6543:
6523:
6518:
6481:
6476:
6475:
6444:
6440:
6429:
6425:
6418:
6408:
6401:
6397:
6390:
6373:
6369:
6332:
6328:
6316:
6314:
6305:
6304:
6292:
6291:
6287:
6268:
6264:
6257:
6234:
6230:
6203:
6199:
6178:
6174:
6143:
6139:
6132:
6118:
6114:
6107:
6093:
6086:
6079:
6065:
6061:
6038:
6034:
6011:
6007:
6000:
5974:
5970:
5947:
5943:
5912:
5908:
5885:10.1038/nrd3228
5869:
5865:
5858:
5844:
5840:
5808:
5799:
5795:
5788:
5774:
5770:
5747:(11): 360â367.
5733:
5729:
5684:
5680:
5648:
5642:
5638:
5599:
5595:
5575:Organometallics
5570:
5566:
5526:
5522:
5469:
5462:
5439:
5435:
5428:
5414:
5410:
5363:
5359:
5319:
5315:
5309:
5305:
5278:
5274:
5267:
5245:
5241:
5217:
5213:
5209:
5205:
5201:
5196:
5192:
5185:
5171:
5167:
5160:
5134:
5130:
5119:
5115:
5090:
5086:
5079:
5065:
5061:
5040:(30): 827â833.
5028:
5021:
5010:
5003:
4978:
4971:
4956:
4935:(11): 614â621.
4925:
4921:
4914:
4900:
4896:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4849:
4845:
4806:
4802:
4778:
4772:
4768:
4723:
4719:
4682:
4678:
4639:
4635:
4604:
4600:
4593:
4579:
4575:
4568:
4554:
4550:
4527:
4523:
4507:
4506:
4502:
4480:
4476:
4449:Organometallics
4445:
4441:
4401:
4397:
4366:
4362:
4333:
4326:
4294:
4290:
4266:
4262:
4255:
4241:
4237:
4230:
4214:
4210:
4203:
4187:
4183:
4158:
4154:
4147:
4125:Crabtree, R. H.
4122:
4118:
4107:
4100:
4089:
4085:
4054:
4050:
4043:
4021:
4017:
4010:
3996:
3985:
3963:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3935:
3931:
3908:
3904:
3897:
3883:
3879:
3848:
3844:
3837:
3823:
3819:
3796:
3792:
3785:
3771:
3764:
3757:
3747:Organometallics
3743:
3728:
3723:
3709:
3700:
3693:
3681:Reppe chemistry
3662:methyl radicals
3656:
3653:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3643:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3476:
3445:
3441:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3359:
3293:poisoning with
3282:carbon monoxide
3278:
3269:
3263:
3244:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3188:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3168:
3157:
3151:
3139:
3127:
3115:hydrogen iodide
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
2972:
2921:
2908:
2901:
2897:
2892:
2858:
2782:
2775:are not stable.
2774:
2770:
2765:
2752:
2748:
2741:
2737:
2730:
2726:
2719:
2715:
2708:
2704:
2698:
2694:
2683:
2679:
2672:
2668:
2661:
2657:
2650:
2646:
2639:
2632:
2625:
2612:
2608:
2602:
2598:
2593:
2589:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2535:
2529:
2525:
2515:
2504:
2482:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2452:antiknock agent
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2429:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2356:
2318:
2303:
2296:
2263:
2250:. For example,
2244:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2210:
2206:
2194:
2190:
2173:reducing agents
2169:
2154:
2147:
2138:
2132:
2099:
2092:
2082:
2075:
2037:photochemically
2033:
2031:CO substitution
2021:
1997:
1991:
1958:
1954:
1948:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1900:
1898:Salt metathesis
1884:
1880:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1795:
1791:
1775:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1709:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1629:
1625:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1442:
1433:carbon monoxide
1424:
1423:
1414:
1413:
1404:carbon monoxide
1393:
1384:
1378:and signaling.
1317:Galactic Center
1301:carbonyl ligand
1289:
1252:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1172:
1137:
1120:
1116:
1100:
1096:
1080:
1076:
1067:
1060:
1051:
1044:
1035:
1028:
1001:
984:
964:
955:
938:
935:
934:
933:
931:
914:
911:
910:
909:
907:
890:
870:(paramagnetic)
861:
858:
857:
856:
854:
834:
831:
830:
829:
827:
797:
778:
774:
768:
761:
755:, but only the
754:
747:
740:
734:, transform as
732:
725:direct products
711:
708:uses the Ni(CO)
703:
687:
680:
660:
633:
626:
622:
589:
558:
554:
541:
534:
527:
516:
505:
504:
503:
500:
483:
479:
474:
466:
460:
456:
445:
437:
425:
421:
416:
408:
402:
398:
397:
395:
392:
391:
385:
381:
377:
270:
251:
244:
237:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
194:
146:
120:
81:Reppe chemistry
62:carbon monoxide
50:Metal carbonyls
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8478:
8468:
8467:
8462:
8457:
8452:
8435:
8434:
8432:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8411:
8406:
8400:
8398:
8394:
8393:
8391:
8390:
8385:
8379:
8377:
8376:Nanostructures
8373:
8372:
8370:
8369:
8364:
8359:
8354:
8349:
8344:
8337:
8335:
8331:
8330:
8328:
8327:
8322:
8318:
8314:
8310:
8306:
8302:
8298:
8294:
8290:
8286:
8282:
8278:
8274:
8270:
8265:
8260:
8256:
8252:
8248:
8244:
8240:
8236:
8232:
8228:
8224:
8220:
8215:
8209:
8207:
8203:
8202:
8191:
8190:
8183:
8176:
8168:
8159:
8158:
8153:
8152:
8149:
8146:
8143:
8140:
8137:
8134:
8131:
8128:
8125:
8122:
8119:
8116:
8113:
8110:
8106:
8105:
8102:
8099:
8096:
8093:
8090:
8087:
8084:
8081:
8078:
8075:
8072:
8069:
8066:
8062:
8058:
8054:
8053:
8050:
8047:
8046:
8043:
8040:
8037:
8034:
8031:
8028:
8025:
8022:
8019:
8016:
8013:
8010:
8006:
8002:
7999:
7996:
7993:
7990:
7987:
7983:
7982:
7979:
7976:
7973:
7970:
7967:
7964:
7961:
7958:
7955:
7951:
7947:
7943:
7939:
7935:
7928:
7921:
7917:
7910:
7906:
7902:
7895:
7891:
7887:
7883:
7879:
7875:
7871:
7867:
7860:
7856:
7853:
7850:
7847:
7844:
7840:
7836:
7832:
7831:
7828:
7825:
7822:
7819:
7816:
7813:
7810:
7806:
7802:
7798:
7794:
7790:
7786:
7779:
7775:
7768:
7764:
7760:
7756:
7749:
7745:
7738:
7734:
7730:
7723:
7719:
7715:
7711:
7707:
7703:
7696:
7692:
7689:
7686:
7682:
7678:
7676:
7672:
7668:
7664:
7663:
7660:
7655:
7651:
7646:
7643:
7640:
7637:
7634:
7628:
7624:
7620:
7616:
7612:
7608:
7601:
7594:
7590:
7583:
7579:
7575:
7573:
7572:
7565:
7561:
7557:
7553:
7549:
7545:
7541:
7536:
7534:
7530:
7523:
7519:
7515:
7511:
7507:
7503:
7496:
7492:
7488:
7481:
7477:
7473:
7466:
7462:
7458:
7454:
7447:
7440:
7436:
7432:
7428:
7426:
7422:
7418:
7414:
7413:
7410:
7406:
7398:
7394:
7389:
7384:
7381:
7378:
7374:
7370:
7366:
7362:
7358:
7357:
7354:
7350:
7338:
7334:
7329:
7324:
7316:
7309:
7305:
7300:
7296:
7292:
7288:
7284:
7280:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7272:
7270:
7265:
7258:
7257:
7254:
7253:
7249:Metal carbonyl
7245:
7244:
7237:
7230:
7222:
7213:
7212:
7210:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7190:
7186:
7180:
7178:
7177:Halide donors:
7174:
7173:
7171:
7170:
7162:
7157:
7153:
7149:
7145:
7141:
7137:
7133:
7129:
7125:
7121:
7117:
7112:
7108:
7103:
7099:
7095:
7090:
7088:
7084:
7083:
7081:
7080:
7076:
7072:
7068:
7064:
7060:
7056:
7052:
7048:
7043:
7039:
7035:
7031:
7027:
7023:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7005:
7000:
6996:
6992:
6988:
6984:
6980:
6976:
6972:
6968:
6964:
6960:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6929:
6925:
6924:
6922:
6921:
6917:
6913:
6909:
6904:
6902:
6898:
6897:
6895:
6894:
6886:
6882:
6878:
6873:
6869:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6826:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6803:
6799:
6795:
6790:
6788:
6784:
6783:
6781:
6780:
6775:
6771:
6767:
6763:
6758:
6756:
6752:
6751:
6749:
6748:
6744:
6740:
6736:
6732:
6728:
6724:
6719:
6715:
6711:
6706:
6702:
6698:
6694:
6690:
6686:
6682:
6677:
6673:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6655:
6651:
6647:
6642:
6638:
6634:
6630:
6626:
6622:
6618:
6614:
6610:
6606:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6586:
6584:
6580:
6579:
6577:
6576:
6572:
6568:
6564:
6560:
6555:
6553:
6549:
6548:
6546:
6545:
6541:
6537:
6531:
6529:
6525:
6524:
6517:
6516:
6509:
6502:
6494:
6488:
6487:
6480:
6479:External links
6477:
6474:
6473:
6438:
6423:
6416:
6406:
6395:
6388:
6367:
6326:
6285:
6262:
6255:
6228:
6197:
6172:
6137:
6130:
6112:
6105:
6084:
6077:
6059:
6032:
6005:
5998:
5968:
5941:
5922:(4): 935â992.
5906:
5863:
5856:
5838:
5819:(8): 677â690.
5793:
5786:
5768:
5727:
5678:
5646:
5636:
5593:
5564:
5520:
5460:
5433:
5426:
5408:
5357:
5328:(4): 588â602.
5317:
5313:
5303:
5272:
5265:
5239:
5215:
5211:
5207:
5203:
5199:
5190:
5183:
5165:
5158:
5128:
5113:
5102:(3): 256â268.
5084:
5077:
5059:
5019:
5001:
4990:(4): 113â122.
4954:
4919:
4912:
4894:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4843:
4800:
4766:
4752:10.1086/177049
4737:(1): 210â222.
4717:
4696:(3): 355â366.
4676:
4633:
4614:(4): 944â950.
4598:
4591:
4573:
4566:
4560:. de Gruyter.
4548:
4537:(6): 639â658.
4521:
4500:
4474:
4439:
4404:Fe, Ru, Os)".
4395:
4360:
4347:(2): 271â274.
4324:
4288:
4260:
4253:
4235:
4228:
4208:
4201:
4181:
4170:(3): 313â348.
4152:
4145:
4116:
4098:
4083:
4048:
4041:
4015:
4008:
3983:
3961:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3929:
3902:
3895:
3877:
3858:(3): 235â237.
3842:
3835:
3817:
3790:
3783:
3762:
3755:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3703:
3692:
3689:
3677:carbonylations
3654:
3641:
3633:
3629:
3623:
3523:Alwin Mittasch
3474:
3458:Solvay process
3446:) was formed.
3443:
3439:
3436:platinum black
3413:
3409:
3405:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3358:
3355:
3304:Inhalation of
3277:
3274:
3267:
3261:
3243:
3240:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3187:
3184:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3166:
3153:Main article:
3150:
3147:
3138:
3135:
3126:
3123:
3096:
3095:
3087:
3086:
3071:
3070:
3036:2-ethylhexanol
3032:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
2971:
2968:
2920:
2917:
2907:
2904:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2880:
2874:
2868:
2857:
2854:
2834:
2833:
2827:
2818:
2812:
2806:
2800:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2763:
2755:
2750:
2746:
2739:
2735:
2728:
2724:
2717:
2713:
2706:
2702:
2696:
2692:
2686:
2681:
2677:
2670:
2666:
2659:
2655:
2648:
2644:
2637:
2630:
2623:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2587:
2579:
2567:
2560:
2553:
2546:
2538:
2533:
2527:
2523:
2517:
2513:
2507:
2502:
2481:
2478:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2355:
2352:
2336:Meerwein salts
2321:
2320:
2316:
2305:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2261:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2181:sodium amalgam
2168:
2165:
2157:
2156:
2149:
2143:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2102:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2084:
2077:
2071:
2032:
2029:
2020:
2017:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1989:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1925:4 KCo(CO)
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1899:
1896:
1882:
1878:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1793:
1789:
1774:
1771:
1751:carbon dioxide
1747:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1716:reducing agent
1712:
1711:
1707:
1699:
1686:
1673:
1664:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1441:
1438:
1429:
1428:
1421:
1418:
1417:(1 bar, 55 °C)
1411:
1392:
1389:
1383:
1380:
1376:toxicity of CO
1366:. The enzymes
1299:, showing the
1288:
1285:
1279:combined with
1255:
1254:
1248:
1241:metallaformate
1229:derivatization
1222:
1221:
1211:
1197:
1171:
1168:
1149:chemical shift
1136:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1026:
1021:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1002:
999:
995:
994:
992:
990:
988:
985:
982:
978:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
958:
957:
953:
950:
947:
945:
942:
936:
928:
927:
925:
923:
921:
918:
912:
904:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
884:
883:
881:
878:
871:
868:
865:
859:
851:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
832:
824:
823:
821:
819:
816:
813:
809:
808:
805:
802:
799:
795:
792:
776:
772:
766:
759:
752:
745:
738:
730:
709:
701:
685:
678:
659:
656:
637:chemical shift
631:
624:
620:
588:
585:
556:
552:
540:
537:
532:
525:
514:
501:
486:
477:
469:
463:
455:
448:
440:
433:
428:
419:
411:
405:
390:
389:
388:
383:
379:
375:
338:sigma (Ď) bond
269:
266:
265:
264:
249:
242:
235:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
192:
144:
119:
116:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8477:
8466:
8463:
8461:
8458:
8456:
8453:
8451:
8448:
8447:
8445:
8430:
8427:
8425:
8422:
8420:
8419:Carbonic acid
8417:
8415:
8412:
8410:
8407:
8405:
8402:
8401:
8399:
8395:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8381:
8380:
8378:
8374:
8368:
8367:Thiofulminate
8365:
8363:
8360:
8358:
8355:
8353:
8350:
8348:
8345:
8342:
8339:
8338:
8336:
8332:
8326:
8323:
8321:
8311:
8309:
8299:
8297:
8291:
8289:
8283:
8281:
8271:
8269:
8266:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8253:
8251:
8245:
8243:
8237:
8235:
8229:
8227:
8221:
8219:
8216:
8214:
8211:
8210:
8208:
8204:
8199:
8196:
8189:
8184:
8182:
8177:
8175:
8170:
8169:
8166:
8150:
8147:
8144:
8141:
8138:
8135:
8132:
8129:
8126:
8123:
8120:
8117:
8114:
8111:
8108:
8107:
8103:
8100:
8097:
8094:
8091:
8088:
8085:
8082:
8079:
8076:
8073:
8070:
8067:
8065:
8059:
8056:
8055:
8048:
8044:
8041:
8038:
8035:
8032:
8029:
8026:
8023:
8020:
8017:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8003:
8000:
7997:
7994:
7991:
7988:
7985:
7984:
7980:
7977:
7974:
7971:
7968:
7965:
7962:
7959:
7956:
7954:
7944:
7942:
7931:
7924:
7913:
7907:
7905:
7898:
7888:
7886:
7863:
7857:
7854:
7851:
7848:
7845:
7843:
7837:
7834:
7833:
7829:
7826:
7823:
7820:
7817:
7814:
7811:
7809:
7807:
7805:
7799:
7797:
7782:
7771:
7761:
7759:
7752:
7741:
7735:
7733:
7726:
7716:
7714:
7699:
7693:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7679:
7677:
7675:
7669:
7666:
7665:
7661:
7659:
7652:
7650:
7647:
7644:
7641:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7625:
7623:
7617:
7615:
7604:
7597:
7586:
7576:
7571:
7570:
7566:
7564:
7558:
7556:
7546:
7544:
7538:
7537:
7535:
7533:
7526:
7516:
7514:
7499:
7493:
7491:
7484:
7469:
7463:
7461:
7450:
7443:
7437:
7435:
7429:
7427:
7425:
7419:
7416:
7415:
7411:
7409:
7402:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7363:
7360:
7359:
7355:
7353:
7346:
7342:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7319:
7312:
7306:
7304:
7297:
7295:
7285:
7282:
7281:
7277:
7271:
7269:
7262:
7261:
7255:
7250:
7243:
7238:
7236:
7231:
7229:
7224:
7223:
7220:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7181:
7179:
7175:
7169:
7168:
7163:
7161:
7154:
7152:
7142:
7140:
7134:
7132:
7118:
7116:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7092:
7091:
7089:
7085:
7079:
7073:
7071:
7065:
7063:
7057:
7055:
7049:
7047:
7036:
7034:
7028:
7026:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6993:
6991:
6981:
6979:
6969:
6967:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6942:
6940:
6933:
6932:
6930:
6926:
6920:
6914:
6912:
6906:
6905:
6903:
6899:
6893:
6891:
6887:
6885:
6879:
6877:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6800:
6798:
6792:
6791:
6789:
6785:
6779:
6772:
6770:
6760:
6759:
6757:
6753:
6747:
6737:
6735:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6695:
6693:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6648:
6646:
6639:
6637:
6627:
6625:
6615:
6613:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6587:
6585:
6581:
6575:
6565:
6563:
6557:
6556:
6554:
6550:
6544:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6532:
6530:
6526:
6522:
6515:
6510:
6508:
6503:
6501:
6496:
6495:
6492:
6486:
6483:
6482:
6469:
6465:
6461:
6457:
6453:
6449:
6442:
6434:
6427:
6419:
6413:
6409:
6399:
6391:
6385:
6381:
6377:
6371:
6362:
6357:
6353:
6349:
6345:
6341:
6337:
6330:
6322:
6309:
6302:: 3315. 1908.
6301:
6297:
6296:
6289:
6281:
6277:
6276:Chemical News
6273:
6266:
6258:
6252:
6248:
6247:
6242:
6238:
6232:
6224:
6220:
6216:
6212:
6208:
6201:
6193:
6189:
6188:
6183:
6176:
6168:
6164:
6160:
6156:
6152:
6148:
6141:
6133:
6127:
6123:
6116:
6108:
6102:
6098:
6091:
6089:
6080:
6074:
6070:
6063:
6055:
6051:
6047:
6043:
6036:
6028:
6024:
6020:
6016:
6009:
6001:
5995:
5991:
5987:
5983:
5979:
5972:
5964:
5960:
5956:
5952:
5945:
5937:
5933:
5929:
5925:
5921:
5917:
5910:
5902:
5898:
5894:
5890:
5886:
5882:
5879:(9): 728â43.
5878:
5874:
5867:
5859:
5853:
5849:
5842:
5834:
5830:
5826:
5822:
5818:
5814:
5807:
5803:
5797:
5789:
5783:
5779:
5772:
5764:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5746:
5742:
5738:
5731:
5723:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5705:
5701:
5697:
5693:
5689:
5682:
5674:
5670:
5666:
5662:
5658:
5654:
5653:
5640:
5632:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5616:
5612:
5608:
5604:
5597:
5589:
5585:
5581:
5577:
5576:
5568:
5560:
5556:
5552:
5548:
5544:
5540:
5536:
5532:
5524:
5516:
5512:
5508:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5490:
5486:
5482:
5478:
5474:
5467:
5465:
5456:
5452:
5448:
5444:
5437:
5429:
5423:
5419:
5412:
5404:
5400:
5396:
5392:
5388:
5384:
5380:
5376:
5372:
5368:
5361:
5353:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5327:
5323:
5307:
5299:
5295:
5291:
5287:
5283:
5276:
5268:
5262:
5258:
5254:
5250:
5243:
5235:
5231:
5227:
5223:
5222:
5194:
5186:
5184:0-935702-48-2
5180:
5176:
5169:
5161:
5155:
5151:
5147:
5143:
5139:
5132:
5124:
5117:
5109:
5105:
5101:
5097:
5096:
5088:
5080:
5074:
5070:
5063:
5055:
5051:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5035:
5034:
5026:
5024:
5015:
5008:
5006:
4997:
4993:
4989:
4985:
4982:
4977:
4969:
4967:
4965:
4963:
4961:
4959:
4950:
4946:
4942:
4938:
4934:
4930:
4923:
4915:
4909:
4905:
4898:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4847:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4811:
4804:
4796:
4792:
4789:: 1457â1458.
4788:
4784:
4777:
4770:
4762:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4732:
4728:
4721:
4713:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4680:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4637:
4629:
4625:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4609:
4602:
4594:
4588:
4584:
4577:
4569:
4563:
4559:
4552:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4525:
4517:
4511:
4503:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4478:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4443:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4399:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4364:
4355:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4331:
4329:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4292:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4264:
4256:
4250:
4246:
4239:
4231:
4225:
4221:
4220:
4212:
4204:
4198:
4194:
4193:
4185:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4164:
4156:
4148:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4120:
4112:
4105:
4103:
4094:
4087:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4052:
4044:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4019:
4011:
4005:
4001:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3988:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3960:
3956:
3933:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3906:
3898:
3892:
3888:
3881:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3846:
3838:
3832:
3828:
3821:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3794:
3786:
3780:
3776:
3769:
3767:
3758:
3752:
3748:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3726:
3716:
3713:
3707:
3704:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3647:
3639:
3626:
3615:
3611:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3569:
3564:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3545:Walter Hieber
3542:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3527:carbonyl iron
3524:
3520:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3482:
3480:
3472:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3437:
3433:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3403:
3402:acetylenediol
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3367:
3363:
3354:
3350:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3312:similar to a
3311:
3308:causes acute
3307:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3273:
3271:
3259:
3257:
3252:
3248:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3230:Complexes of
3209:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3183:
3169:
3162:
3156:
3146:
3144:
3134:
3131:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3099:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3005:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2996:butyraldehyde
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2976:carbonylation
2967:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2940:carbonyl iron
2936:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2912:
2903:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:, as well as
2794:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2766:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2742:
2731:
2720:
2709:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2673:
2662:
2651:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2594:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2521:
2518:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2453:
2449:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2364:electrophiles
2361:
2347:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2299:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2275:hydroxide ion
2272:
2268:
2264:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2195:+ 2 Na â 2 Na
2186:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2164:
2162:
2152:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2074:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2051:, especially
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2028:
2026:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2006:
1998:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1933:â 2 RuCo
1924:
1923:
1922:
1904:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1704:
1678:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1605:
1603:+ 3 NaCl
1594:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1538:+ 2 AlCl
1517:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1450:metal halides
1447:
1437:
1434:
1419:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1388:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1354:
1351:of municipal
1350:
1349:sewage sludge
1346:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1253:M(CO) + RO â
1251:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1214:
1200:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1188: = 28).
1187:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1167:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1072:
1071:
1064:
1057:
1054:
1048:
1041:
1038:
1032:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1003:
997:
996:
993:
991:
989:
986:
980:
979:
975:
972:
969:
966:
960:
959:
951:
948:
946:
943:
930:
929:
926:
924:
922:
919:
906:
905:
901:
898:
895:
892:
886:
885:
882:
879:
876:
872:
869:
866:
853:
852:
848:
845:
842:
839:
826:
825:
822:
820:
817:
814:
811:
810:
806:
803:
800:
793:
790:
789:
786:
784:
779:
765:
758:
751:
744:
737:
733:
726:
722:
718:
713:
707:
699:
695:
691:
690:Ď-backbonding
684:
677:
673:
664:
655:
653:
644:
640:
638:
630:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
593:
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
569:diethyl ether
566:
562:
550:
546:
536:
531:
524:
520:
513:
509:
484:
475:
467:
461:
446:
438:
426:
417:
409:
403:
387:
373:
368:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
342:sp-hybridized
339:
335:
327:
326:Ď backbonding
322:
316:
313:
308:
301:
297:
292:
286:
283:
280:) of CO is a
279:
274:
262:
258:
257:
256:
254:
248:
241:
234:
198:
191:
186:
184:
180:
176:
171:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
148:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
115:
113:
109:
105:
100:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
63:
59:
55:
51:
43:
36:
32:
19:
8424:Bicarbonates
8413:
7568:
7248:
7166:
6889:
6666:
6451:
6447:
6441:
6426:
6404:
6398:
6379:
6370:
6343:
6339:
6329:
6317:|title=
6308:cite journal
6299:
6293:
6288:
6279:
6275:
6265:
6245:
6231:
6214:
6210:
6200:
6191:
6185:
6175:
6150:
6146:
6140:
6121:
6115:
6096:
6068:
6062:
6045:
6041:
6035:
6018:
6014:
6008:
5977:
5971:
5954:
5950:
5944:
5919:
5915:
5909:
5876:
5872:
5866:
5847:
5841:
5816:
5812:
5796:
5777:
5771:
5744:
5740:
5730:
5695:
5691:
5681:
5656:
5650:
5639:
5606:
5602:
5596:
5579:
5573:
5567:
5534:
5530:
5523:
5480:
5476:
5446:
5442:
5436:
5417:
5411:
5370:
5366:
5360:
5325:
5321:
5306:
5289:
5285:
5281:
5275:
5248:
5242:
5225:
5219:
5193:
5174:
5168:
5137:
5131:
5122:
5116:
5099:
5093:
5087:
5068:
5062:
5037:
5031:
5013:
4987:
4974:
4932:
4928:
4922:
4903:
4897:
4875:(1): 33â37.
4872:
4868:
4846:
4813:
4809:
4803:
4786:
4782:
4769:
4734:
4730:
4720:
4693:
4689:
4679:
4649:(2): 63â74.
4646:
4642:
4636:
4611:
4607:
4601:
4582:
4576:
4557:
4551:
4534:
4530:
4524:
4483:
4477:
4452:
4448:
4442:
4409:
4405:
4398:
4373:
4369:
4363:
4344:
4340:
4302:
4298:
4291:
4274:
4270:
4263:
4244:
4238:
4218:
4211:
4191:
4184:
4167:
4161:
4155:
4128:
4119:
4110:
4092:
4086:
4061:
4057:
4051:
4024:
4018:
3999:
3969:
3965:
3958:
3954:
3932:
3915:
3911:
3905:
3886:
3880:
3855:
3851:
3845:
3826:
3820:
3803:
3799:
3793:
3774:
3746:
3674:
3637:
3624:
3620:
3604:acrylic acid
3576:Walter Reppe
3573:
3543:
3494:Mond process
3483:
3448:
3429:
3426:, circa 1909
3386:benzenehexol
3381:
3371:
3351:
3303:
3279:
3255:
3245:
3229:
3204:thiophosgene
3189:
3158:
3140:
3128:
3100:
3097:
3072:
3055:atom economy
3043:plasticizers
3033:
2973:
2937:
2929:Mond process
2922:
2906:Applications
2893:
2835:
2573:
2433:IrCl(CO)(P(C
2430:
2401:
2372:halogenation
2357:
2327:
2322:
2315:+ H â Re(CO)
2306:
2248:nucleophiles
2245:
2234:CoâHgâCo(CO)
2214:
2198:
2170:
2158:
2150:
2144:
2135:
2129:
2118:
2103:
2095:
2088:
2078:
2072:
2061:
2034:
2025:substitution
2022:
2002:
1967:
1960:
1949:
1901:
1877:IrCl(CO)(PPh
1850:
1815:
1776:
1748:
1713:
1632:
1555:
1498:
1443:
1430:
1394:
1385:
1357:
1345:pyruvic acid
1333:
1314:
1304:
1275:
1256:
1249:
1223:
1212:
1198:
1184:
1180:
1173:
1161:
1157:fluxionality
1154:
1138:
1062:
1055:
1046:
1039:
1030:
1023:
763:
756:
749:
742:
735:
717:group theory
714:
682:
675:
669:
649:
628:
598:
542:
529:
522:
518:
511:
506:
358:pi (Ď) bonds
331:
252:
246:
239:
232:
196:
189:
187:
182:
178:
172:
149:
129:carbonylates
121:
101:
85:Mond process
49:
48:
8357:Thiocyanate
8334:Carbon ions
6237:Gratzer, W.
6217:: 749â753.
6153:(10): 453.
4979: [
4863:, and W(CO)
3610:oxidation.
3514:James Dewar
3450:Ludwig Mond
3424:Ludwig Mond
3338:tachycardia
3290:instability
3247:Isocyanides
3111:acetic acid
2980:oxo process
2297:+ NaOH â Na
2230:+ Hg â (CO)
2207:+ 2 Na â Na
2133:+ L â M(CO)
2093:+ L â M(CO)
1782:thermolysis
1742:+ 7 CO
1505:diethylzinc
1360:hydrogenase
1123:2045, 2075
1086:1846, 1862
1083:2060, 2084
987:2038, 2002
967:2022, 2000
599:Apart from
362:antibonding
312:antibonding
8444:Categories
8429:Carbonates
8388:Fullerides
7627:(Cu(CO)Cl)
6838:amino acid
6755:Si donors:
6376:Basolo, F.
6282:: 165â166.
6194:: 188â192.
3721:References
3679:, such as
3512:. In 1906
3502:molybdenum
3316:, such as
3286:volatility
3276:Toxicology
3170:and Fe(NO)
3161:NO ligands
3051:detergents
2990:) to give
2931:(see also
2771:and Pt(CO)
2516:are known.
2418:â 2 Mn(CO)
2338:, affords
2332:Alkylation
2041:phosphines
2009:superacids
1982:Lewis acid
1974:technetium
1871:(DMF) and
1778:Photolysis
1706:+ 3 H
1606:+ H â H â
1561:molybdenum
1271:molar mass
873:200, 193 (
561:sublimable
378:and Mo(CO)
354:p-orbitals
195:or simply
177:, denoted
137:homoleptic
104:hemoglobin
75:, such as
8362:Fulminate
8206:Compounds
7607:HC(Co(CO)
7322:(HC=CH)CO
7315:(C=C)(CO)
7251:complexes
7087:S donors:
6928:O donors:
6901:P donors:
6863:porphyrin
6810:imidazole
6787:N donors:
6583:C donors:
6552:B donors:
6528:H donors:
5901:205477130
5802:Wilke, G.
5623:0020-1669
5551:1433-7851
5507:0036-8075
5387:1433-7851
4671:0022-2852
4531:Chem. Rev
4510:cite book
4469:0276-7333
4426:0020-1669
4390:0567-7408
4319:0002-7863
4222:. Wiley.
3608:propylene
3596:acetylene
3506:ruthenium
3378:potassium
3334:dizziness
3143:complexes
3018:+ CO â CH
3000:propylene
2992:aldehydes
2970:Catalysis
2962:, and in
2944:inductors
2842:palladium
2797:lanthanum
2493:strontium
2427:Compounds
2167:Reduction
2148:L â M(CO)
2019:Reactions
1970:manganese
1853:ruthenium
1692:+ 3
1585:chelating
1565:manganese
1542:+ 3
1446:reduction
1382:Synthesis
1336:oxidation
1321:Milky Way
1309:histidine
1020:Carbonyl
791:Compound
485:−
476:−
468:≡
454:⟷
432:⟷
418:≡
410:−
404:−
175:hapticity
83:. In the
8409:Nitrides
8341:Carbides
6468:19438209
6378:(2002).
6239:(2002).
5936:11942784
5893:20811383
5804:(1978).
5763:12462518
5722:33045113
5673:15934749
5631:24380416
5559:29578636
5515:30166489
5403:52145802
5395:30176109
5352:11456571
4949:16996273
4889:11529076
4859:, Mo(CO)
4855:, Fe(CO)
4838:10958777
4761:11539170
4628:12584710
4434:15934749
4078:14679508
3872:98463160
3691:See also
3646:isolobal
3432:chlorine
3342:cyanosis
3326:headache
3222:â Fe(CO)
3165:CoNO(CO)
3133:organs.
3103:Monsanto
2948:pigments
2846:platinum
2789:scandium
2450:and the
2390:â Fe(CO)
2011:such as
1840:up to Os
1800:2 Fe(CO)
1765:, where
1763:sulfides
1755:phosgene
1557:Tungsten
1462:hydrogen
1458:aluminum
1364:hydrogen
1343:such as
1311:residue.
1267:nitrogen
1261:to give
1237:alkoxide
1145:enriched
783:polarity
694:titanium
238:-CO and
223:, and Co
156:chromium
133:bridging
106:to give
8352:Cyanate
8347:Cyanide
8052:
7569:more...
6701:& C
6348:Bibcode
6155:Bibcode
5833:4596194
5713:7756819
5485:Bibcode
5477:Science
5042:Bibcode
4818:Bibcode
4810:Science
4791:Bibcode
4739:Bibcode
4712:9761903
4651:Bibcode
3964:-CO)".
3600:benzene
3584:alkynes
3531:pigment
3473:(Ni(CO)
3357:History
3101:In the
2927:by the
2793:yttrium
2489:calcium
2467:)Mn(CO)
2216:Mercury
2076:â M(CO)
2049:Alkenes
2045:cyanide
2005:alkenes
1999:+ CO â
1978:rhenium
1865:iridium
1861:rhodium
1655:
1643:
1626:+ V(CO)
1622: H
1620:
1608:
1589:diglyme
1569:rhodium
1534:â W(CO)
1474:benzene
1319:of the
1307:to the
952:112 (BF
573:acetone
565:benzene
143:(Ni(CO)
125:cations
65:ligands
8404:Oxides
8198:carbon
8061:La(CO)
8005:Sg(CO)
7927:Os(CO)
7909:Os(CO)
7901:Re(CO)
7839:Ba(CO)
7801:Pd(CO)
7755:Ru(CO)
7737:Ru(CO)
7729:Tc(CO)
7710:Mo(CO)
7695:Mo(CO)
7671:Sr(CO)
7619:Ni(CO)
7600:Co(CO)
7560:Fe(CO)
7540:Fe(CO)
7529:Mn(CO)
7510:Cr(CO)
7495:Cr(CO)
7457:Ti(CO)
7446:Ti(CO)
7439:Ti(CO)
7431:Sc(CO)
7421:Ca(CO)
7405:(ClCO)
7345:H(CO)F
6609:ďźCH-CH
6466:
6414:
6386:
6253:
6128:
6103:
6075:
5996:
5934:
5899:
5891:
5854:
5831:
5784:
5761:
5720:
5710:
5671:
5629:
5621:
5557:
5549:
5513:
5505:
5424:
5401:
5393:
5385:
5350:
5263:
5206:und Ru
5181:
5156:
5075:
4947:
4910:
4887:
4836:
4759:
4710:
4669:
4626:
4589:
4564:
4498:
4467:
4432:
4424:
4388:
4317:
4277:: 48.
4251:
4226:
4199:
4143:
4076:
4039:
4006:
3893:
3870:
3833:
3781:
3753:
3666:ethane
3640:Mn(CO)
3508:, and
3498:cobalt
3479:Kelvin
3466:burner
3462:nickel
3368:(1860)
3340:, and
3332:, and
3318:nausea
3218:+ CSCl
3214:Fe(CO)
2984:alkene
2844:, and
2838:nickel
2762:Ni(CO)
2732:, and
2652:, and
2636:Os(CO)
2629:Ru(CO)
2622:Fe(CO)
2603:, and
2576:effect
2566:Sg(CO)
2564:, and
2552:Mo(CO)
2545:Cr(CO)
2497:barium
2495:, and
2382:Fe(CO)
2293:Fe(CO)
2271:Hieber
2203:Fe(CO)
2177:sodium
2155:L + CO
2053:dienes
1988:Mn(CO)
1955:Fe(CO)
1863:, and
1857:osmium
1682:Co(CO)
1657:
1581:sodium
1567:, and
1512:alkane
1492:+ AlCl
1454:copper
1425:
1415:
998:Ni(CO)
981:Ru(CO)
961:Fe(CO)
956:salt)
932:Fe(CO)
908:Mn(CO)
887:Cr(CO)
877:salt)
828:Ti(CO)
748:, and
729:Cr(CO)
704:. The
579:, and
370:metalâ
352:, and
164:nickel
112:oxygen
93:nickel
7859:W(CO)
7681:Y(CO)
7487:V(CO)
7480:V(CO)
7465:V(CO)
7349:(FCO)
7308:C(CO)
6600:HC(O)
6595:RC(O)
5897:S2CID
5829:S2CID
5809:(PDF)
5399:S2CID
4983:]
4779:(PDF)
3868:S2CID
3632:â, CH
3622:M(CO)
3588:acids
3330:fever
3322:cough
3202:with
3045:, by
3010:CH=CH
2998:from
2982:, an
2956:radar
2950:, as
2864:form
2559:W(CO)
2532:V(CO)
2501:M(CO)
2142:M(CO)
2127:M(CO)
2086:M(CO)
2070:M(CO)
1992:Cl +
1909:with
1641:Co +
1509:dimer
1305:trans
1259:azide
1207:M(CO)
1193:M(CO)
1128:1819
1106:1886
1068:(cm)
1052:(cm)
1036:(cm)
944:2204
920:2100
893:2000
867:1859
855:V(CO)
840:1748
815:2143
798:(cm)
372:alkyl
95:. In
60:with
8343:, ,
7950:(CO)
7938:(CO)
7920:(CO)
7894:(CO)
7882:(CO)
7793:(CO)
7778:(CO)
7767:(CO)
7748:(CO)
7722:(CO)
7649:SeCO
7593:(CO)
7582:(CO)
7552:(CO)
7522:(CO)
7373:(CO)
7365:Mg(O
7291:(CO)
7003:acac
6975:/HCO
6858:bipy
6617:C(CH
6464:PMID
6412:ISBN
6384:ISBN
6321:help
6251:ISBN
6126:ISBN
6101:ISBN
6073:ISBN
5994:ISBN
5932:PMID
5889:PMID
5852:ISBN
5782:ISBN
5759:PMID
5718:PMID
5669:PMID
5627:PMID
5619:ISSN
5555:PMID
5547:ISSN
5511:PMID
5503:ISSN
5422:ISBN
5391:PMID
5383:ISSN
5348:PMID
5316:and
5261:ISBN
5214:(CO)
5202:(CO)
5179:ISBN
5154:ISBN
5073:ISBN
4945:PMID
4908:ISBN
4885:PMID
4834:PMID
4757:PMID
4708:PMID
4667:ISSN
4624:PMID
4587:ISBN
4562:ISBN
4516:link
4496:ISBN
4465:ISSN
4430:PMID
4422:ISSN
4386:ISSN
4315:ISSN
4249:ISBN
4224:ISBN
4197:ISBN
4141:ISBN
4074:PMID
4037:ISBN
4004:ISBN
3891:ISBN
3831:ISBN
3779:ISBN
3751:ISBN
3683:and
3537:and
3519:BASF
3297:and
3288:and
3253:and
3234:and
3174:(CO)
3105:and
2791:and
2749:(CO)
2738:(CO)
2727:(CO)
2716:(CO)
2705:(CO)
2695:(CO)
2680:(CO)
2674:and
2669:(CO)
2658:(CO)
2647:(CO)
2634:and
2609:(CO)
2599:(CO)
2595:, Tc
2590:(CO)
2526:(CO)
2414:+ Cl
2410:(CO)
2398:+ CO
2265:and
2254:and
2226:(CO)
2211:+ CO
2191:(CO)
2104:The
2083:+ CO
1994:AlCl
1976:and
1937:(CO)
1917:(CO)
1890:and
1844:(CO)
1836:(CO)
1832:, Os
1828:(CO)
1820:(CO)
1812:+ CO
1808:(CO)
1804:â Fe
1792:(CO)
1738:(CO)
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