440:. Its aim is to foster responsible production that respects workers’ rights and preserves biodiversity. In an established working group with 20 local manufacturers and international distributors and brands, the IRC has set social, traceability and biodiversity standards and helped local producers implement them, with the UEBT's support. In collaboration with the local NGO Associação Caatinga, the Initiative has created a manual of good practices for the sector and 12 short learning videos, available on YouTube and sharable via WhatsApp, to inform field workers of their rights and about good biodiversity practices.
223:
2270:
20:
2280:
185:
310:
It is also used in the pharmaceutical industry as a coating to make tablets easier to swallow. A very small amount (less than 1/100 of 1% by weight, e.g. 30 grams per 300 kg) is sprinkled onto a batch of sprayed and dried tablets then tumbled for a few minutes to coat them.
168:. It is known as the "Queen of Waxes". In its pure state, it is usually available in the form of hard yellow-brown flakes. It is obtained by collecting and drying the leaves, beating them to loosen the wax, then refining and bleaching it. As a food additive, its
911:
597:
628:
Wolfmeier, Uwe; Schmidt, Hans; Heinrichs, Franz-Leo; Michalczyk, Georg; Payer, Wolfgang; Dietsche, Wolfram; Boehlke, Klaus; Hohner, Gerd; Wildgruber, Josef (2000). "Waxes".
882:
209:
1187:
208:(12 wt%). The compounds are predominantly derived from acids and alcohols in the C26-C30 range. It is distinctive for its high content of diesters and its
402:
960:
193:
531:
388:, Foncepi, and Carnauba do Brasil, who together account for around €25 million of the export market. According to the German television program
2284:
571:
Parish, Edward J.; Terrence L. Boos; Shengrong Li (2002). "The
Chemistry of Waxes and Sterols". In Casimir C. Akoh, David B. Min. (ed.).
908:
734:
604:
709:
395:
1180:
307:) to treat and waterproof leather products, where it provides a high-gloss finish and increases leather's hardness and durability.
953:
345:, epoxy molding compounds (EMC), and some other plastic types. It is not very soluble in chlorinated or aromatic hydrocarbons.
891:
376:
form. There are 20 to 25 exporters of carnauba wax in Brazil who, after buying it from middlemen or directly from farmers,
2321:
2273:
1173:
886:
834:
Wu, X. (July 2020). "Hybrid
Graphene/Carbon Nanofiber Wax Emulsion for Paper-Based Electronics and Thermal Management".
946:
580:
511:
785:
1697:
645:
2316:
215:
It is sold in grades of T1, T3 and T4 according to its purity level, which is accomplished by filtration,
2326:
303:
Because it is too brittle to be used alone, carnauba wax is often combined with other waxes (principally
2084:
437:
1379:
921:
897:
761:
429:
1196:
809:
330:
2311:
1804:
1352:
338:
458:
Melting point: 82–86 °C (180–187 °F) (among the highest of natural waxes; higher than
2230:
1687:
297:
201:
2175:
1841:
1739:
1322:
1060:
695:
255:
for musical instruments, and floor and furniture waxes and polishes. It is commonly used for
661:
1911:
1769:
1759:
1744:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1302:
1135:
1087:
389:
348:
It is used in melt/castable explosives to produce an insensitive explosive formula such as
222:
128:
8:
1554:
1524:
1514:
319:
157:
110:
102:
1006:
1851:
1503:
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1754:
1498:
1443:
1019:
996:
865:
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688:
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380:
the wax before shipping it to the rest of the world. The four largest exporters are
286:
2245:
2235:
2220:
1846:
1667:
1483:
1453:
1433:
1389:
1267:
1072:
1023:
1002:
853:
633:
553:
33:
544:
Steinle, J. Vernon (September 1936). "Carnauba wax: an expedition to its source".
526:
2185:
2106:
1871:
1783:
1623:
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915:
357:
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2250:
2216:
2089:
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1816:
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1448:
1438:
1428:
1342:
1229:
1204:
1099:
739:
267:
216:
1418:
1401:
282:, eye shadow, foundation, deodorant, and skincare and sun care preparations.
239:
Because it creates a glossy finish, carnauba wax is used in automobile waxes,
2300:
2225:
2006:
1981:
1926:
1682:
1651:
1478:
1473:
1374:
1317:
1165:
1153:
1141:
1078:
1066:
1054:
980:
927:
637:
478:
433:
349:
326:
293:
260:
205:
2255:
2240:
2079:
2001:
1891:
1836:
1831:
1799:
1789:
1734:
1709:
1598:
1493:
1147:
1117:
986:
857:
315:
256:
244:
2190:
2131:
2021:
2016:
1991:
1974:
1964:
1955:
1821:
1672:
1567:
1307:
1123:
992:
240:
735:"Haribo gummy bear ingredients made by modern slaves, documentary shows"
557:
274:
properties as well as its gloss, carnauba wax is used as a thickener in
161:
2101:
2096:
2053:
2036:
2026:
1996:
1986:
1936:
1826:
1714:
1603:
1423:
1369:
1332:
1287:
1282:
1272:
1246:
1222:
1010:
368:
In 2006, Brazil produced 22,409 tons of carnauba wax, of which 14% was
153:
2126:
394:, conditions for many carnauba production workers are quite poor; one
149:
2180:
2031:
1901:
1876:
1764:
1749:
1729:
1588:
1519:
1509:
1406:
1396:
1327:
1312:
1277:
1029:
275:
271:
252:
314:
In 1890 carnauba wax was patented as a replacement for the standard
227:
1921:
1794:
1779:
1677:
1633:
1618:
1608:
1593:
1583:
1337:
1262:
969:
933:
848:
627:
334:
169:
570:
145:
141:
2163:
2158:
2148:
2121:
2041:
1941:
1906:
1896:
1881:
1638:
1549:
1413:
1292:
1111:
1093:
472:
459:
304:
279:
197:
903:
398:
official found conditions "that could be described as slavery."
333:. An aerosol form is made by dissolving it in a solvent. Unlike
2206:
2168:
2153:
2116:
2074:
2069:
1969:
1724:
1628:
1297:
1257:
482:
377:
373:
248:
137:
19:
385:
2136:
2011:
1931:
1916:
1863:
1613:
1572:
1364:
1242:
1217:
369:
342:
165:
93:
87:
78:
66:
48:
938:
786:"Manual of good practices for the Carnauba production chain"
39:
2143:
2111:
1356:
449:
184:
54:
1951:
1656:
1212:
1047:
353:
123:
405:, the major destinations for exported carnauba wax are:
136:), a plant native to and grown only in the northeastern
1016:
381:
204:(21.0 wt%), ω-hydroxycarboxylic acids (13.0 wt%), and
598:"Good Practices Manual for the Carnauba supply chain"
84:
75:
63:
45:
36:
51:
909:
Good
Practices Manual for the Carnauba supply chain
662:"The Dangers of Carnauba Wax Explained: Stay Safe!"
595:
573:
Food lipids: chemistry, nutrition, and biochemistry
403:
289:for attaching handles to bladed tools and weapons.
90:
72:
60:
42:
687:
575:(2nd ed.). New York: M. Dekker. p. 103.
16:Natural plant wax from leaves of the carnauba palm
2298:
894:- from the UN Food and Agriculture Organization
810:"Boas Práticas na Cadeia Produtiva da Carnaúba"
1195:
630:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
259:in the United States. It is also used in some
1181:
954:
532:Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
443:
694:. London: Leonard Hill Books ltd. pp.
341:, carnauba is suitable for use with liquid
1188:
1174:
961:
947:
847:
596:Associacao Caatinga, BMU-IKI/GIZ (2019).
430:Initiative for Responsible Carnauba (IRC)
928:Private Business Action for Biodiversity
918:- Associacao Caatinga/BMU-IKI/GIZ (2019)
434:Private Business Action for Biodiversity
363:
221:
183:
18:
543:
2299:
732:
621:
546:Industrial & Engineering Chemistry
1169:
942:
762:"Initiative for Responsible Carnauba"
109:
2279:
685:
292:It is the finish of choice for most
922:Initiative for Responsible Carnauba
887:Mildred E. Mathias Botanical Garden
679:
432:was founded in 2018 as part of the
325:Carnauba wax may be used as a mold
126:of the leaves of the carnauba palm
13:
900:- published report from field work
833:
471:Practically insoluble in water or
468:Among the hardest of natural waxes
462:, 62–64 °C (144–147 °F))
454:Copernicia cerifera (carnauba) wax
14:
2338:
1040:Additional chemicals (E1000–1599)
934:Union for Ethical BioTrade - UEBT
876:
438:Union for Ethical BioTrade (UEBT)
436:project, in association with the
2278:
2269:
2268:
733:Knight, Ben (October 19, 2017).
506:(9th ed.). Chambers. 2003.
32:
827:
802:
778:
754:
726:
790:The Union for Ethical BioTrade
766:The Union for Ethical BioTrade
702:
654:
589:
564:
537:
520:
495:
179:
1:
968:
898:Carnauba Wax Background Paper
836:Advanced Electronic Materials
488:
234:
278:such as lipstick, eyeliner,
192:Carnauba consists mostly of
7:
401:According to the Brazilian
10:
2343:
2322:Non-timber forest products
1197:Non-timber forest products
2264:
2199:
2062:
1950:
1862:
1647:
1563:
1464:
1351:
1238:
1203:
976:
816:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
444:Technical characteristics
331:fibre-reinforced plastics
318:/beeswax mixture used in
247:, food products (such as
1036:Miscellaneous (E900–999)
638:10.1002/14356007.a28_103
396:Brazilian Labor Ministry
285:It is also used to make
230:coated with carnauba wax
892:Carnauba wax data sheet
690:Printing Ink Technology
504:The Chambers Dictionary
465:Relative density: ~0.97
2211:(Iberian agroforestry)
1449:Pacific mountain onion
858:10.1002/aelm.202000232
477:Soluble by heating in
352:, which is a blend of
231:
202:4-hydroxycinnamic acid
189:
106:
24:
2231:Indian forest produce
1702:Hydnocarpus wightiana
1088:Dimethyl polysiloxane
883:Botanical description
424:Other countries (18%)
364:Production and export
225:
187:
22:
1474:Bare-toothed russula
1136:Microcrystalline wax
686:Apps, E. A. (1958).
320:phonograph cylinders
210:methoxycinnamic acid
129:Copernicia prunifera
2317:Cosmetics chemicals
2085:musical instruments
1343:Woodland strawberry
904:Associacao Caatinga
814:Associacao Caatinga
722:. October 16, 2017.
558:10.1021/ie50321a003
409:United States (25%)
158:Rio Grande do Norte
134:Copernicia cerifera
111:[kaʁnaˈubɐ]
2327:E-number additives
997:Acidity regulators
914:2019-12-05 at the
329:for manufacturing
232:
190:
25:
2294:
2293:
1163:
1162:
1030:Flavour enhancers
1024:anticaking agents
2334:
2282:
2281:
2272:
2271:
2246:Resin extraction
2236:Mushroom hunting
2212:
1958: / etc.
1812:
1705:
1540:Saffron milk cap
1530:Parasol mushroom
1370:Fiddlehead ferns
1190:
1183:
1176:
1167:
1166:
1061:Improving agents
1055:Synthetic glazes
963:
956:
949:
940:
939:
870:
869:
851:
831:
825:
824:
822:
821:
806:
800:
799:
797:
796:
782:
776:
775:
773:
772:
758:
752:
751:
749:
747:
730:
724:
723:
711:Der Haribo-Check
706:
700:
699:
693:
683:
677:
676:
674:
673:
658:
652:
651:
625:
619:
618:
616:
615:
609:
603:. Archived from
602:
593:
587:
586:
568:
562:
561:
552:(9): 1004–1008.
541:
535:
524:
518:
517:
499:
418:Netherlands (5%)
415:Germany (10–15%)
296:tobacco smoking
194:aliphatic esters
113:
100:
99:
96:
95:
92:
89:
86:
81:
80:
77:
74:
69:
68:
65:
62:
57:
56:
53:
50:
47:
44:
41:
38:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2260:
2210:
2195:
2186:Vegetable ivory
2058:
1946:
1858:
1806:
1699:
1661:
1643:
1577:
1559:
1525:Oyster mushroom
1515:Meadow mushroom
1460:
1444:Twincrest onion
1347:
1251:
1234:
1205:Animal products
1199:
1194:
1164:
1159:
1148:Crystalline wax
1084:
1067:Packaging gases
1043:
972:
967:
916:Wayback Machine
879:
874:
873:
832:
828:
819:
817:
808:
807:
803:
794:
792:
784:
783:
779:
770:
768:
760:
759:
755:
745:
743:
731:
727:
708:
707:
703:
684:
680:
671:
669:
666:Maple Holistics
660:
659:
655:
648:
626:
622:
613:
611:
607:
600:
594:
590:
583:
569:
565:
542:
538:
525:
521:
514:
501:
500:
496:
491:
446:
372:and 86% was in
366:
266:Because of its
261:surfboard waxes
237:
219:and bleaching.
182:
114:), also called
83:
71:
59:
35:
31:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2340:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2312:Food additives
2309:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2276:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2251:Rubber tapping
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2217:Forest farming
2214:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2072:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1967:
1961:
1959:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1868:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1853:Vateria indica
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:Shorea robusta
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1648:
1645:
1644:
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1601:
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1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1501:
1499:Honey mushroom
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1470:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1382:
1380:Mahuwa flowers
1377:
1372:
1367:
1361:
1359:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
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1239:
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1227:
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1225:
1215:
1209:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1193:
1192:
1185:
1178:
1170:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1151:
1145:
1139:
1133:
1127:
1121:
1115:
1109:
1103:
1100:Candelilla wax
1097:
1091:
1083:
1082:
1079:Foaming agents
1076:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1052:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1033:
1027:
1014:
1000:
990:
984:
977:
974:
973:
966:
965:
958:
951:
943:
937:
936:
931:
925:
919:
906:
901:
895:
889:
878:
877:External links
875:
872:
871:
842:(7): 2000232.
826:
801:
777:
753:
740:Deutsche Welle
725:
701:
678:
653:
646:
620:
588:
581:
563:
536:
519:
512:
493:
492:
490:
487:
486:
485:
475:
469:
466:
463:
456:
445:
442:
426:
425:
422:
419:
416:
413:
412:Japan (15–25%)
410:
365:
362:
287:cutler's resin
268:hypoallergenic
257:paper coatings
236:
233:
217:centrifugation
206:fatty alcohols
181:
178:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2339:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2287:
2286:
2277:
2275:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2226:Honey hunting
2224:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1982:Coconut sugar
1980:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1943:
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1925:
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1915:
1913:
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1803:
1801:
1798:
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1791:
1788:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1776:
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1555:Yellow knight
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1545:Slippery jack
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1375:Heart of palm
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1353:Edible plants
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1318:Juniper berry
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513:0-550-10105-5
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473:ethyl alcohol
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241:shoe polishes
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188:Carnauba palm
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2283:
2256:Wildcrafting
2241:Naval stores
2219: /
2207:
2176:Tendu leaves
2132:Natural dyes
2002:Gutta-percha
1954: /
1892:Frankincense
1852:
1808:
1765:Mango butter
1710:Cocoa butter
1701:
1698:Chaulmoogra
1692:
1668:Allanblackia
1599:Black pepper
1484:Birch bolete
1434:Canada onion
1419:Wild ginseng
1414:Saw palmetto
1355: /
1245: /
1106:Carnauba wax
1105:
1046:
1035:
993:Antioxidants
839:
835:
829:
818:. Retrieved
813:
804:
793:. Retrieved
789:
780:
769:. Retrieved
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744:. Retrieved
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670:. Retrieved
668:. 2017-11-17
665:
656:
629:
623:
612:. Retrieved
605:the original
591:
572:
566:
549:
545:
539:
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522:
503:
502:"carnauba".
497:
453:
427:
400:
390:
386:Brasil Ceras
367:
347:
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309:
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291:
284:
265:
245:dental floss
238:
214:
191:
173:
133:
127:
119:
115:
27:
26:
23:Carnauba wax
2191:Willow bark
2022:Maple syrup
2017:Maple sugar
1992:Fruit syrup
1975:chewing gum
1965:Birch syrup
1822:Shea butter
1494:Chanterelle
1439:Crow garlic
1429:Bear garlic
1424:Wild onions
1402:filé powder
1323:Lingonberry
1308:Huckleberry
1142:Gum benzoic
1124:Mineral oil
1011:emulsifiers
1007:stabilisers
885:- from the
746:October 29,
716:Markencheck
391:Markencheck
180:Composition
2301:Categories
2102:Birch beer
2097:Birch bark
2054:Spruce gum
2037:akpeteshie
2027:Palm sugar
1997:Gum arabic
1987:Date sugar
1937:Turpentine
1817:Sandalwood
1720:Eucalyptus
1715:Eucalyptol
1604:Brazil nut
1479:Bay bolete
1333:Strawberry
1288:Cocoa bean
1283:Breadfruit
1273:Blackberry
1247:tree fruit
1081:(E990–999)
1075:(E950–969)
1073:Sweeteners
1069:(E930–949)
1063:(E920–929)
1057:(E910–919)
1050:(E900–909)
1032:(E600–699)
1026:(E500–599)
1020:regulators
1013:(E400–499)
1003:Thickeners
999:(E300–399)
989:(E200–299)
983:(E100–199)
849:2004.11476
820:2020-10-20
795:2020-10-20
771:2020-10-20
672:2019-03-19
647:3527306730
614:2019-12-05
527:"Carnauba"
489:References
421:Italy (5%)
235:Properties
226:Chocolate
196:(40 wt%),
154:Pernambuco
140:states of
132:(synonym:
116:Brazil wax
103:Portuguese
2221:gardening
2181:Thatching
2032:Palm wine
1877:Birch tar
1805:Sal-seed
1730:Japan wax
1683:Candlenut
1624:Malva nut
1589:Areca nut
1510:Matsutake
1466:Mushrooms
1407:root beer
1397:Sassafras
1385:Sago palm
1328:Raspberry
1313:Jackfruit
1278:Blueberry
1230:Wild game
1118:Paraffins
970:E numbers
866:216144540
450:INCI name
276:cosmetics
272:emollient
138:Brazilian
2274:Category
2090:textiles
1922:Pine tar
1887:Creosote
1837:Tea-tree
1832:Tea-seed
1800:Pongamia
1790:Phulwara
1775:Nagkesar
1770:Murumuru
1745:Kpangnan
1693:Carnauba
1634:Pine nut
1619:Hazelnut
1609:Cinnamon
1594:Bay leaf
1584:Allspice
1506:(reishi)
1338:Tamarind
1303:Gambooge
1263:Bilberry
1130:Vaseline
912:Archived
335:silicone
316:paraffin
253:polishes
198:diesters
170:E number
162:Maranhão
120:palm wax
107:carnaúba
28:Carnauba
2285:Commons
2200:Related
2164:Tanbark
2159:Shellac
2149:Quinine
2122:Gambier
2042:ogogoro
1942:Varnish
1907:Lacquer
1897:Gamboge
1882:Camphor
1872:Benzoin
1782: (
1688:Capuacu
1673:Babassu
1639:Vanilla
1550:Truffle
1535:Red cap
1504:Lingzhi
1293:Coconut
1268:Binukaw
1243:Berries
1138:(E905c)
1132:(E905b)
1126:(E905a)
1112:Shellac
1094:Beeswax
981:Colours
460:beeswax
305:beeswax
280:mascara
228:dragées
150:Paraíba
122:, is a
2208:Dehesa
2169:tannin
2154:Rattan
2117:Forage
2080:edible
2075:Bamboo
2070:Amadou
2049:Rubber
1970:Chicle
1912:Mastic
1864:Resins
1847:Ucuuba
1842:Tucuma
1827:Tamanu
1784:kernel
1755:Mafura
1725:Illipe
1678:Bacuri
1629:Nutmeg
1573:spices
1298:Durian
1258:Banana
1156:(E908)
1150:(E907)
1144:(E906)
1120:(E905)
1114:(E904)
1108:(E903)
1102:(E902)
1096:(E901)
1090:(E900)
1022:&
1009:&
995:&
864:
644:
579:
510:
483:xylene
382:Pontes
378:refine
374:powder
249:sweets
2307:Waxes
2137:henna
2112:Ferns
2063:Other
2012:Latex
1932:Rosin
1927:Pitch
1917:Myrrh
1902:Kauri
1760:Mahua
1750:Kusum
1740:Kombo
1735:Kokum
1657:waxes
1614:Clove
1520:Morel
1454:Ramps
1390:queen
1365:Betel
1357:roots
1218:Honey
1048:Waxes
924:- IRC
862:S2CID
844:arXiv
608:(PDF)
601:(PDF)
370:solid
343:epoxy
298:pipes
294:briar
166:Bahia
146:Piauí
142:Ceará
2144:Peat
2127:Moss
2107:Cork
2007:Kino
1795:Pilu
1780:Palm
1568:Nuts
1223:pine
1213:Furs
748:2017
642:ISBN
577:ISBN
508:ISBN
428:The
356:and
339:PTFE
270:and
174:E903
164:and
118:and
1956:gum
1952:Sap
1652:Oil
1489:Cep
854:doi
720:ARD
634:doi
554:doi
481:or
358:TNT
354:RDX
337:or
251:),
200:of
172:is
156:,
124:wax
82:-,-
70:-,-
40:ɑːr
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1017:pH
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