573:
50:
22:
912:
468:). There is no official list of Caroline-era divines; they are defined by the era in which they lived, and Caroline Divines hailed from England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. However, of these four nations, it is Caroline England which is most commonly considered to have fostered a golden age of Anglican scholarship and devotional writing, despite the socio-cultural upset of civil war, regicide, and military rule under
489:
1458:
in 1624 and briefly in 1625. After the death of James I, Herbert renewed his interest in ordination. He gave up his secular ambitions in his mid-thirties and took holy orders in the Church of
England, spending the rest of his life as rector at Fugglestone St Peter. He died at age 39 of consumption in
1165:
which was published in 1627 at the behest of King
Charles I. It made use of patristic sources, Elizabethan devotional material, and Cosin's own compositions. This was the first work of royally-authorised devotional writing since the reign of Elizabeth I and was immensely popular in the seventeenth
537:
opponents. Such embellishments, however, were not only integral to their spirituality, but were seen by the
Carolines as combatting the appeal of Roman Catholicism. And, contrary to Puritan accusation, the emphasis upon beauty had nothing to do with "Arminian" influence. Rather than face a choice
1201:, which developed in response to the invasion of England by the Dutch prince William III. However, as a Nonjuror, Ken remained deeply tied to the Anglican tradition. Nonjurors did not abandon Anglicanism but instead maintained allegiance to the exiled king
1101:
have been occasionally reprinted and are considered among the most rhetorically developed and polished sermons of the late-sixteenth and early-seventeenth centuries. Because of these, Andrewes has been commemorated by literary greats such as
1197:(1700) contains the original version of the hymn 'Praise God from whom all blessings flow', which continues to be sung during offertories around the world, especially in Anglican churches. Ken later left the Church of England during the
1330:
elaborates the scientific purposes of the academy and outlines some of the strictures of scientific writing that set the modern standards for clarity and conciseness. The work also contains theological defences of scientific study.
518:." These theologians regarded Scripture as authoritative in matters concerning salvation, although they drew upon tradition and reason as well, the latter in the form of deductive logic and the former with special reference to the
1010: "Royal Portrait"), which was translated into numerous European languages. He defended popular recreational activities through his re-publication of the Book of Sports in 1633, which was originally promulgated by his father,
972:(19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) encouraged liturgical renewal and the publication of devotional writings during his reign. The most popular devotional work in seventeenth-century England was the king's own autobiographical
1213:, the last Stuart claimant to the throne. Nonjuror liturgical, theological, and devotional writing proved to have a considerable impact upon the Anglican tradition, in part due to the influence of the nineteenth-century
1462:
Although he is generally considered a poet rather than a divine, he was a devoted priest and his thought is palpably in line with that of the
Caroline divines. His poetry was championed by the later
953:
Within the
Anglican tradition, there have been certain theological writers whose works have been considered standards for faith, doctrine, worship, and spirituality. These are often commemorated in
1733:
1377:. He went on to become chaplain in ordinary to Charles I as a result of Laud's sponsorship. This made him politically suspect when Laud was tried for treason and executed in 1645 by the
1280:. In the spring of 1644, he was brought to trial, which ended without being able to reach a verdict. Parliament took up the issue, and eventually he was beheaded on 10 January 1645 on
1423:
Church who was well respected during the reigns of King
Charles I and, after the Restoration, King Charles II. His work had little influence, however, and it was not until the
529:
Their promotion of more elaborate ceremonial and their valuation of visual beauty in art and church architecture was variously labelled as "popish", "Romish", "Lutheran", or “
427:
152:
512:
of
Anglicanism not as a compromise but "a positive position, witnessing to the universality of God and God's kingdom working through the fallible, earthly
89:
1741:
1233:
and a fervent supporter of King
Charles I of England. Laud was a sincere Anglican and loyal Englishman, who must have been frustrated at the charges of
1241:
element in the Church. Laud's aggressive high church policy was seen by many as a sinister development. He was blamed for the introduction of the 1637
746:
1030:, which he practised during his lifetime, and miracle stories were attributed to the king's relics after his death. Charles I was canonised by the
496:
The corpus produced by the
Caroline divines is diverse. What they have in common is a commitment to the faith as conveyed by Scripture and the
420:
866:
1545:
K. A. Newman, "Holiness in Beauty?: Roman
Catholics, Arminians, and the Aesthetics of Religion in Early Caroline England". in D. Wood (ed.)
305:
1249:
is a classic work of Anglican apologetics and has been called 'one of the last great works of scholastic divinity.' Like Andrewes, Laud's
1038:. However 30 January, the date of his martyrdom, was not denoted as a feast, but as a fast intended for annual reflection and repentance.
1397:
247:
1788:
1450:
in 1609 with the intention of becoming a priest, but instead he became the university's Public Orator and attracted the attention of
413:
202:
33:
1097:, which was published posthumously and has remained in print since renewed interest in Andrewes developed in the 19th century. His
846:
1783:
1362:
940:
393:
290:
854:
242:
84:
1149:
900:
843:
538:
between an austere Puritanism or an elaborate Roman ceremonial, the Caroline divines presented their countrymen with a
1388:
Eventually, he was allowed to retire to Wales, where he became the private chaplain of the Earl of Carbery. Upon the
1689:
1650:
835:
656:
607:
398:
325:
1018:
theology in the Church of England, principally through his Declaration on the Articles of Religion (1628). When the
862:
171:
41:
1066:
720:
766:
116:
111:
954:
858:
641:
544:
in which they could remain within the established church and also participate in ancient forms of religion.
884:
340:
262:
179:
139:
126:
79:
1683:
1447:
1393:
1117:(30 November 1594 – 15 January 1672) was an English priest, bishop and theologian. Cosin was elected
933:
814:
217:
1590:
1374:
1230:
839:
681:
619:
388:
257:
74:
738:
480:
nor to Anglican figures, but is used of many writers and thinkers in the wider Christian church.
1054:
222:
1455:
1242:
1210:
1122:
1049:(1555 – 25 September 1626) was an English priest and scholar, who held high positions in the
1019:
992:
896:
892:
705:
685:
672:
650:
637:
599:
497:
457:
373:
207:
197:
1319:
1061:. He was the spiritual father of Charles I. During the reign of James I, Andrewes served as
1734:"Anglican Eucharistic theology welcome N philosophy pages about me publications LINKS News"
1439:
1385:. After the Parliamentary victory over the King, he was briefly imprisoned several times.
1366:
1062:
1023:
969:
926:
888:
794:
750:
595:
572:
556:
449:
330:
187:
1253:
were printed posthumously, although they have never been as popular as those by Andrewes.
8:
1354:. He is sometimes known as the "Shakespeare of Divines" for his poetic style of writing.
1311:(London, 1659), and he was afterwards well known as a wit, preacher, and man of letters.
1202:
1006:
916:
758:
734:
615:
378:
192:
103:
1466:
and notably influenced the piety of the movement through his influence on figures like
1389:
1281:
1171:
1058:
1035:
1011:
850:
830:
645:
587:
453:
270:
252:
147:
134:
49:
961:. Among the Caroline divines of the seventeenth century, the following are prominent.
1646:
1412:
1408:
1382:
1343:
1304:
1050:
1046:
1034:
as King Charles the Martyr, the first Anglican saint, and placed as such in the 1662
1031:
810:
770:
633:
591:
582:
501:
445:
1022:
was revised in 1662, this declaration was permanently affixed as the preface to the
1358:
1347:
1265:
1198:
1186:
1167:
1118:
802:
716:
712:
611:
353:
335:
1663:
1245:
into Scotland, although a similar policy had originated with King James I. Laud's
1463:
1424:
1351:
1277:
1269:
1214:
1185:(July 1637 – 19 March 1711), English priest, was the most eminent of the English
1133:
principles. Among his writings (most of which were published posthumously) are a
1077:
819:
469:
383:
1451:
1435:
1015:
981:
975:
870:
806:
790:
786:
782:
762:
708:
519:
504:
and other later Christian writers. On the whole, the Caroline Divines view the
461:
348:
212:
121:
1777:
1339:
1158:
1147:(1657). A collected edition of his works, forming 5 vols of the Oxford-based
660:
157:
1209:. Both ended in the latter half of the eighteenth century with the death of
1026:. Like both his predecessors and successors, Charles I was said to have the
1370:
1292:
1226:
1126:
798:
700:
689:
676:
1296:
1166:
century. Cosin was exiled in Paris during the Commonwealth, but was made
1161:
for the Surtees Society (1868–1870). Cosin's most important work was his
1130:
1103:
1027:
778:
664:
564:
473:
21:
1467:
1416:
1309:
To the Happie Memory of the most Renowned Prince Oliver, Lord Protector
1300:
1261:
1206:
1182:
1114:
754:
668:
300:
16:
Influential theologians and writers in the 17th-century Anglican Church
1438:(1593–1633) was a Welsh-born priest who served at the rural parish of
1307:
in 1660. In the preceding year he had gained a reputation by his poem
1443:
1318:(London, 1665), a satirical reply to the strictures on Englishmen in
1076:. In the Church of England he is commemorated on 25 September with a
997:
958:
774:
507:
500:, thus regarding prayer and theology in a manner akin to that of the
58:
1446:, but is primarily known as a skilled orator and poet. He attended
1420:
1257:
530:
523:
1378:
1273:
1238:
911:
534:
526:
but primarily of a constitutional, rather than absolutist, bent.
1705:
The Beauty of Holiness: The Caroline Divines and Their Writings
1614:
The Beauty of Holiness: The Caroline Divines and Their Writings
1533:
The Beauty of Holiness: The Caroline Divines and Their Writings
1488:
The Beauty of Holiness: The Caroline Divines and Their Writings
1234:
1014:, in 1617. Charles I also stood against the advance of extreme
488:
477:
1767:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 8–9, 53.
1369:, where he graduated in 1626. He was under the patronage of
985:
1316:
Observations upon Monsieur de Sorbier's Voyage into England
1295:(1635 – 20 May 1713), was an English priest. Having taken
1190:
742:
1427:
of the 19th century that he came to be widely read again.
1205:. The political counterpart to the Nonjuror schism was
1392:, his political star was on the rise, and he was made
1490:. Norwich (UK): Canterbury Press. pp. 11–14, 26.
1326:(London, 1667), which Sprat had helped to found. The
1145:
A Scholastical History of the Canon of Holy Scripture
25:
Charles II was restored as King of England in 1660.
1189:bishops, and one of the fathers of modern English
1141:Notes and Collections on the Book of Common Prayer
1775:
1641:Cross, F. L.; Livingstone, E. A. (eds.) (2005).
1284:, notwithstanding being granted a royal pardon.
1256:His views towards the Presbyterians extended to
444:were influential theologians and writers in the
1153:, was published between 1843 and 1855; and his
1129:, and decorated the chapel there according to
957:of the Church, and their works are frequently
1643:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
1080:. His most popular work has proven to be his
934:
421:
1342:(1613 – 13 August 1667) was a priest in the
306:History of the Puritans under King Charles I
1645:(4th ed.) Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1398:vice-chancellor of the University of Dublin
1134:
1081:
973:
539:
513:
505:
964:
941:
927:
428:
414:
248:History of the Puritans under King James I
48:
1588:
1174:in 1660, a post he held until his death.
522:. Politically, the Caroline Divines were
203:History of the Puritans under Elizabeth I
1762:
487:
20:
1276:, resulting in his imprisonment in the
1229:(7 October 1573 – 10 January 1645) was
483:
1776:
1346:who achieved fame as an author during
1324:History of the Royal Society of London
547:
1485:
1136:Historia Transubstantiationis Papalis
1720:The Caroline Captivity of the Church
1589:O’Donovan, Oliver (1 January 2014).
1459:1633 during the reign of Charles I.
1403:
1041:
291:Arminianism in the Church of England
1576:The Cult of King Charles the Martyr
1065:and oversaw the translation of the
476:is restricted neither to canonised
85:Convocations of Canterbury and York
13:
1717:
1247:Conference with Fisher the Jesuite
1150:Library of Anglo-Catholic Theology
901:North American Anglican Conference
14:
1800:
1765:The Spirit of the Oxford Movement
1702:
1611:
1573:
1559:Booty, John. "Standard Divines".
1558:
1530:
1516:Booty, John. "Standard Divines".
1515:
1501:Booty, John. "Standard Divines".
1500:
1430:
399:History of the Anglican Communion
326:History of the Puritans from 1649
1789:History of the Church of England
1626:
1334:
910:
571:
42:History of the Church of England
1756:
1726:
1711:
1696:
1656:
1635:
1620:
1287:
1220:
1163:Collection of Private Devotions
747:Medieval cathedral architecture
721:First seven ecumenical councils
448:who lived during the reigns of
1605:
1591:"Thirty-Nine Articles Revived"
1582:
1567:
1552:
1539:
1524:
1509:
1494:
1479:
1396:in Ireland. He was also made
1361:, Cambridge before going onto
1314:His chief prose works are the
767:Dissolution of the monasteries
172:Elizabethan Church (1558–1603)
117:Dissolution of the Monasteries
1:
1688:: CS1 maint: date and year (
1549:. (Oxford, 1992), pp. 303–312
1473:
1415:. He was also an influential
1177:
1109:
859:Anglican Consultative Council
608:Chicago–Lambeth Quadrilateral
1784:English Anglican theologians
1328:History of the Royal Society
1322:'s book of that name, and a
1237:levelled against him by the
998:
885:Continuing Anglican movement
881:Other Anglican Denominations
844:Anglican Communion Primates'
243:James I and religious issues
80:Religion in Medieval England
7:
1629:Charles I: A Political Life
974:
284:Caroline period (1625–1649)
236:Jacobean period (1603–1625)
10:
1805:
1448:Trinity College, Cambridge
1363:Gonville and Caius College
986:
836:Anglican Communion history
1411:(1598–1672) was Canon of
1394:Bishop of Down and Connor
1616:. pp. 58–59, 70–73.
1561:The Study of Anglicanism
1518:The Study of Anglicanism
1503:The Study of Anglicanism
1486:Guyer, Benjamin (2012).
1375:Archbishop of Canterbury
1231:Archbishop of Canterbury
840:Archbishop of Canterbury
472:. Importantly, the term
389:Disestablishmentarianism
258:Hampton Court Conference
75:Anglo-Saxon Christianity
1763:Chadwick, Owen (1990).
1668:Encyclopedia Britannica
1547:The Church and the Arts
1535:. pp. 7–11, 22–23.
1357:Taylor was educated at
1272:of 1640 accused him of
1157:(2 vols) was edited by
965:King Charles the Martyr
917:Christianity portal
739:Augustine of Canterbury
104:Reformation (1509–1559)
90:Development of dioceses
1381:Parliament during the
1260:, where it led to the
1135:
1082:
731:Background and history
540:
514:
506:
493:
465:
223:Marprelate Controversy
218:Foxe's Book of Martyrs
112:Reformation Parliament
68:Middle Ages (597–1500)
26:
1456:Parliament of England
1243:Book of Common Prayer
1211:Charles Edward Stuart
1123:Peterhouse, Cambridge
1053:during the reigns of
1020:Book of Common Prayer
897:Congress of St. Louis
893:Bartonville Agreement
651:Book of Common Prayer
498:Book of Common Prayer
491:
374:Bangorian Controversy
342:Book of Common Prayer
264:Book of Common Prayer
208:Vestments controversy
198:The Books of Homilies
181:Book of Common Prayer
141:Book of Common Prayer
128:Book of Common Prayer
24:
1440:Fugglestone St Peter
1125:in 1634, succeeding
1063:Bishop of Chichester
1024:Articles of Religion
889:Anglican realignment
751:Apostolic succession
630:Ministry and worship
596:Thirty-nine Articles
484:Theology and outlook
331:Westminster Assembly
188:Thirty-nine Articles
1707:. pp. 147–152.
1593:. The Living Church
1454:. He served in the
1203:James II of England
867:Ordination of women
759:English Reformation
735:Celtic Christianity
548:Prominent exponents
379:Evangelical Revival
193:Convocation of 1563
1563:. pp. 163 ff.
1419:and writer in the
1320:Samuel de Sorbière
1099:Ninety-Six Sermons
1072:King James Version
1068:Authorized Version
1036:Calendar of Saints
851:Lambeth Conference
831:Anglican Communion
646:King James Version
588:Christian theology
515:ecclesia Anglicana
494:
454:Stuart Restoration
394:Prayer Book Crisis
271:King James Version
253:Millenary Petition
148:Forty-two Articles
135:Edwardine Ordinals
27:
1744:on 12 August 2011
1703:Guyer, Benjamin.
1684:cite encyclopedia
1612:Guyer, Benjamin.
1531:Guyer, Benjamin.
1413:Westminster Abbey
1409:Herbert Thorndike
1404:Herbert Thorndike
1383:English Civil War
1344:Church of England
1305:Lincoln Cathedral
1264:movement and the
1251:Private Devotions
1055:Queen Elizabeth I
1051:Church of England
1047:Lancelot Andrewes
1042:Lancelot Andrewes
1032:Church of England
1009:
995:
951:
950:
811:Anglo-Catholicism
771:Church of England
600:Books of Homilies
592:Anglican doctrine
502:Apostolic Fathers
446:Church of England
438:
437:
55:Westminster Abbey
1796:
1769:
1768:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1740:. Archived from
1730:
1724:
1723:
1718:Davies, Julian.
1715:
1709:
1708:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1687:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1660:
1654:
1639:
1633:
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1624:
1618:
1617:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1586:
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1571:
1565:
1564:
1556:
1550:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1483:
1359:the Perse School
1348:the Protectorate
1199:Nonjuring schism
1168:Bishop of Durham
1138:
1096:
1093:
1088:
1085:
1005:
1003:
991:
989:
988:
979:
943:
936:
929:
915:
914:
803:Nonjuring schism
717:Christian Church
612:Episcopal polity
604:Caroline Divines
575:
552:
551:
543:
517:
511:
442:Caroline Divines
430:
423:
416:
354:Nonjuring schism
336:Savoy Conference
296:Caroline Divines
52:
29:
28:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1761:
1757:
1747:
1745:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1716:
1712:
1701:
1697:
1681:
1680:
1673:
1671:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1640:
1636:
1627:Cust, Richard.
1625:
1621:
1610:
1606:
1596:
1594:
1587:
1583:
1574:Lacey, Andrew.
1572:
1568:
1557:
1553:
1544:
1540:
1529:
1525:
1514:
1510:
1499:
1495:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1464:Oxford Movement
1433:
1425:Oxford Movement
1406:
1352:Oliver Cromwell
1337:
1290:
1278:Tower of London
1270:Long Parliament
1223:
1215:Oxford Movement
1180:
1112:
1094:
1091:Private Prayers
1089:
1086:
1083:Preces Privatae
1078:Lesser Festival
1044:
967:
947:
909:
904:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
882:
874:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
842:
838:
833:
823:
822:
820:Oxford Movement
818:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
732:
724:
723:
719:
715:
711:
703:
693:
692:
688:
684:
680:
659:
657:Liturgical year
655:
644:
640:
636:
631:
623:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
585:
550:
486:
470:Oliver Cromwell
458:King Charles II
452:and, after the
434:
405:
404:
403:
384:Oxford Movement
368:
360:
359:
358:
320:
312:
311:
310:
285:
277:
276:
275:
237:
229:
228:
227:
174:
164:
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162:
106:
96:
95:
94:
69:
61:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1802:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1771:
1770:
1755:
1725:
1710:
1695:
1670:. January 2020
1655:
1634:
1619:
1604:
1581:
1566:
1551:
1538:
1523:
1520:. p. 164.
1508:
1505:. p. 163.
1493:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1436:George Herbert
1432:
1431:George Herbert
1429:
1405:
1402:
1336:
1333:
1289:
1286:
1222:
1219:
1179:
1176:
1155:Correspondence
1111:
1108:
1074:) of the Bible
1043:
1040:
1016:predestinarian
1000:Eikṑn Basilikḗ
987:Εἰκὼν Βασιλική
976:Eikon Basilike
970:King Charles I
966:
963:
949:
948:
946:
945:
938:
931:
923:
920:
919:
906:
905:
883:
880:
879:
876:
875:
871:Windsor Report
834:
829:
828:
825:
824:
807:Latitudinarian
787:Richard Hooker
783:Matthew Parker
763:Thomas Cranmer
733:
730:
729:
726:
725:
704:
699:
698:
695:
694:
632:
629:
628:
625:
624:
586:
581:
580:
577:
576:
568:
567:
561:
560:
549:
546:
520:Church Fathers
485:
482:
450:King Charles I
436:
435:
433:
432:
425:
418:
410:
407:
406:
402:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
370:
369:
366:
365:
362:
361:
357:
356:
351:
349:Great Ejection
346:
338:
333:
328:
322:
321:
318:
317:
314:
313:
309:
308:
303:
298:
293:
287:
286:
283:
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1667:
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1658:
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1595:. Retrieved
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1299:he became a
1293:Thomas Sprat
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1288:Thomas Sprat
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1227:William Laud
1224:
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1225:Archbishop
1195:Three Hymns
1172:Restoration
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1104:T. S. Eliot
1028:Royal touch
779:Elizabeth I
682:Monasticism
565:Anglicanism
533:” by their
1778:Categories
1748:27 January
1474:References
1468:John Keble
1417:theologian
1301:prebendary
1282:Tower Hill
1262:Covenanter
1207:Jacobitism
1187:non-juring
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1178:Thomas Ken
1115:John Cosin
1110:John Cosin
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616:Sacraments
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775:Edward VI
642:Eucharist
541:via media
524:royalists
508:via media
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634:Ministry
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