778:
raising of the back of the tongue toward the velum. the /bw/ is usually spirantized to /βw/ medially. The /r/ is a trill, which is voiceless word-finally. Moreover, all of the following single consonants may also be geminate initially, medially and in their abstract representation, finally: /p, t, bw, f, s, m, mw, ŋ, l/. Geminate /bw/ is devoiced. In addition, Carolinian has geminate /kk/ but not single /k/. There are the five consonants /ş, x, r, w, j/, which may be geminated medially in productive reduplication. Geminate obstruents are tense and often give the impression of aspiration.
145:
1568:
A preliminary meeting was called at the
Headquarters Education Department conference room on July 21, 1976. The site was decided on since it was equidistant from both the northern and southern Carolinian communities. The meeting was to review the initial steps for setting up an orthography acceptable
389:
Tracing the development of Saipan's language from 1815 to today is challenging due to inconsistent historical records. The
Carolinian language on Saipan was in constant flux during the 19th century, shaped by ongoing migrations between Saipan and neighboring atolls. The lack of reliable data makes it
2003:
Elameto, Jesus
Mareham; Elameto, Rosario M.; Kaipat, Antonio Flores; Olopai, Francisco Mettao; Sarapau, Margarita O.; Taitano, Teresa I.; Warakai, Rosa Roppul; et al. (Elameto JM, Elameto RM, Kaipat AF, Olopai FM, Sarapau MO, Taitano TI, Warakai RR) (1991). "Front Matter". In Jackson, Frederick
1980:
orthography to write
Carolinian. As Chamorro has three fewer phonemic vowels than Carolinian and does not include Carolinian's distinctive vowel length, initial consonant gemination, or velarized labials, individual systems based on Chamorro contained many double meanings. However, other Carolinians
1580:
This convention decided that no dialect would be chosen as the official dialect for school and government documents. In other words, the committee agreed to pick standard systems of presenting the pronunciations of all three dialects, and
Carolinians should use that framework to reflect the specific
449:
and other atoll dwellers to Saipan due to typhoon devastation on their home islands. However, this migration had minimal impact on the linguistic traits of the
Carolinian language, as the new arrivals were settled away from established Carolinian villages. Many of these islanders eventually returned
1225:
Carolinians are bilingual or trilingual. Their writing has reflected many foreign language orthographic systems. Despite the variations of
Carolinian writing, the following generalizations can be made. First, the vulgarized consonants / bw, mw, pw / were often written as digraphs when the following
467:
According to the history of the language, some speakers consider it critical to show respect to the
Carolinian culture, in particular for older people. Certain cultural norms may also affect the way the language is spoken. Carolinian women have historically been encouraged to use precise words when
453:
Today, Saipan
Carolinians are dispersed throughout the island, including in new homestead areas like Kagman, developed by the government on the eastern shore. The 1970s marked the beginning of a reconnection between Saipan Carolinians and their outer-island roots, notably when a navigator made a
1975:
Carolinians use a wide range of characteristics in selecting the alphabetic system they use. For example, many of the older
Carolinians are at least familiar with German from the German occupation. Depending on their experiences with German, individual people might use umlaut diacritics for the
471:
The Carolinian culture moreover has encouraged separation between genders in certain aspects of life. For example, a brother and sister would be discouraged from sharing dishes, and a dish used by a man should not be used by a woman, except for his mother. Women's bedrooms and private rooms are
777:
All of the consonants may appear initially, medially, and finally. In the final position, all the obstruents are obligatorily released. All consonants except one are unaspirated, and all stops and /x/ are lenis. The consonants /bw/ and /mw/ have coarticulated labial closure and rounding with a
483:
Respect is also expected to be shown between older men and younger men. For instance, younger men are expected not give their opinion in a meeting unless they are invited to do so by older men. Also, a husband is expected to respect his wife's brothers and male relatives. When the in-laws need
385:
occupation. However, after the abandonment of Saipan around 1815, Carolinians had the island largely to themselves, and the first Carolinian-speaking group there became the initial speakers of Saipan Carolinian. Subsequent migrations introduced additional linguistic diversity, blending various
781:
In addition to its native vocabulary, Carolinian has borrowed considerable vocabulary from Chamorro, English, and Japanese. This has led to the borrowing of some phonemes from these languages as well. Although these phonemes appear only in borrowed words, many of these words undergo regular
1381:
In writing morphophonemic regularities such as the predictable vowel qualities before possessive suffixes, Carolinians paid no attention to the underlying regulations. On the other hand, they focused on the surface phonemes. This is the same as Chamorro practice as well as to most of other
472:
considered off-limits to male relatives. In certain locales, when a girl gets her first menstrual period, she is taken care of by older women, such as a grandmother, and placed in a special house. She is given orange face-paint, so the whole community will know she has come of age. In
1569:
to both communities and to select the members of the orthography committee. The official orthography conference was held from July 26 to August 4, 1976. The meeting opened with an address by the Director of Education for the Marianas. Mr. Jesus M. Conception, representatives from the
376:
During the 1800s, inter-island travel persisted for various reasons, such as survival, communication, trade, and family relations, thereby maintaining the Carolinian language continuum. The evolution of the Carolinian language continued as the Carolinian people migrated to
458:
and global culture, coupled with the introduction of modern media, has profoundly impacted the Carolinian language. While there remains interest in preserving native languages, the realities of modern life pose significant challenges to these efforts.
1230:
writing, there is a rounded velar glide that occurs only after consonants and only before unrounded vowels. The Carolinians seem to have interpreted their vulgarized consonants as plain consonants followed by glides, like the
422:. The removal of these Carolinians from their original islands faced push-back up until the end of the 19th century, with groups such as the Spanish showing disapproval until the Tinian Carolinians eventually moved to
1422:
The subject pronoun was almost invariably attached to whichever part of the verb phrase immediately was following. For example, the negative marker, the aspect marker, an aspectual adverb, or the verb itself.
2535:
437:
in 1898, the Carolinians in Maria Cristina village remained there, despite American efforts to make them abandon their traditional dress. Most migrations that shaped the Carolinian community on
468:
speaking to their brothers and other male relatives. It is also said that women are encouraged never to walk in front of male relatives, and to stoop down near male relatives who are sitting.
353:. European contact with the Caroline Islands began in 1652, and by the late 1600s, the Carolinians were already communicating with Europeans in their native language. Between 1795 and 1797, a
1212:
language has a high lexical similarity of nearly 50% with other members of the continuum. the remaining 50% provides enough differences to refine Carolinian’s lines of lexical inheritance.
484:
something, a husband is encouraged to help out. For instance, if they ask to use his car, it is expected that he should let them use it, or he should bring food if there is a family party.
1976:
writing some vowels. A German influence can also be detected in the writing of the coronal spirant /s/ as <sch>. However, other speakers use their knowledge of
1581:
dialectical pronunciations. School teachers would not have to enforce one dialect but instead, allow students to use the correct spelling for the dialect they speak.
10977:
1181:
Some researchers indicate that the Carolinian language is part of the western half of the Chuukic continuum. Its closest sister language is usually described as
890:
Carolinian simple sentences contain two major constituents, which are the Subject Noun Phrase and the Predicate Phrase. The word order of Carolinian language is
324:
since World War II. There are only a small percentage of Carolinian children left on Saipan who can confidently speak the traditional form of Carolinian.
13461:
13199:
1526:
The longer object pronouns were sometimes separated from the preceding verb stem, while the shorter pronouns are identically attached. For example:
1226:
vowels are unrounded. However, / w / or / u / was virtually never indicated before rounded vowels or word finally. This phenomenon can be traced to
2562:
1302:
The geminate consonants were not represented initially and finally, though some people wrote geminate consonants medially. This may be a result of
7318:
5232:
2296:
2146:
13481:
2234:
1208:
can help determine Carolinian’s relationship to its source languages, as there is significant diversity among their lexicons. Even though each
782:
Carolinian phonological rules, and the international segments are assigned in the same way as native speakers. For example, the Japanese word /
7330:
10970:
13471:
230:, but available data is scarce. There are approximately 3,100 native speakers in the world. Carolinian has 95% lexical similarity with
13476:
13334:
13304:
300:, due to a century of migration from the western Carolinian atolls to the Northern Marianas island of Saipan. Spoken mostly by the
10963:
698:
The table shows that alveolar ridge receives tongue-blade contact while the tongue tip makes contact at some place on the teeth.
13415:
13370:
13361:
13328:
13298:
13292:
13286:
13087:
788:/, which means slipper, is borrowed into Carolinian and may be reduplicated. So /dzodzdzoori/ means to be wearing slippers.
454:
voyage from the outer islands to Saipan in 1969 after a lapse of 60 to 70 years. However, the overwhelming influence of the
13376:
13355:
13349:
13316:
13310:
13044:
13006:
11227:
5439:
3259:
2555:
441:
occurred by 1911, with the most significant influx from outer islands happening between 1905 and 1907. During this period,
13427:
13421:
11032:
6196:
2289:
13236:
11788:
9165:
6003:
3778:
2023:
227:
13254:
12227:
11084:
8728:
8170:
7864:
12743:
11793:
11283:
11176:
10575:
8802:
7818:
2548:
2530:
11586:
12643:
11700:
11146:
10986:
10423:
9180:
7557:
4321:
4199:
3095:
2282:
12728:
1551:
Sometimes morphemes were not written if they were phonologically assimilated to other morphemes. For example:
12553:
12217:
11641:
8339:
7904:
5687:
5662:
5169:
3042:
2975:
13189:
11394:
11208:
10639:
8574:
8107:
6419:
5619:
4591:
4331:
3629:
3298:
194:
13176:
13052:
12915:
11156:
11114:
11109:
10776:
10003:
8242:
7718:
7668:
7348:
6904:
5478:
2874:
2857:
2642:
891:
406:. Between 1865 and 1868, an English entrepreneur, H.G. Johnson, relocated about 1,500 Carolinians to the
89:
13466:
12518:
12161:
12148:
12086:
11921:
11798:
9432:
9410:
8892:
8563:
6539:
6224:
5883:
5735:
4496:
3972:
3853:
3522:
3497:
3270:
3231:
3015:
2365:
2165:
12187:
11914:
11171:
11151:
11141:
10558:
9787:
9722:
9270:
8090:
8079:
8060:
7481:
7463:
7247:
7088:
6380:
6067:
6046:
5676:
5310:
4777:
4691:
4487:
4083:
3634:
3624:
3378:
3373:
10235:
6131:
12963:
12523:
12327:
11661:
11203:
11099:
11074:
11027:
10110:
9606:
7750:
7744:
6997:
6919:
6894:
6233:
5853:
5801:
5556:
4316:
4156:
4133:
3863:
3723:
3662:
3388:
2962:
2929:
1468:
When the determines were singular, they were usually connected to the preceding noun. For example:
399:
219:
150:
39:
4767:
12470:
12273:
12252:
12192:
11671:
11373:
11366:
11136:
11039:
10653:
10585:
10047:
9983:
9747:
9450:
9421:
8112:
7375:
7217:
7083:
6823:
6705:
5916:
4699:
4654:
4469:
4464:
4429:
4424:
4304:
4073:
3982:
3768:
3368:
3146:
2731:
12548:
5124:
3644:
13261:
13184:
12433:
12168:
12153:
11885:
11871:
11721:
11526:
11433:
11352:
11166:
10073:
9973:
9036:
8030:
7780:
7515:
5946:
5911:
5153:
5079:
5044:
4273:
3998:
3363:
3032:
3027:
2716:
2571:
1204:, but with Polowat-Pulusuk shows slightly more influence than Satawalese. The lexical stock of
338:
84:
11568:
4511:
3212:
2010:. PALI Language Texts—Micronesia. University of Hawaii Press (published 2019). pp. i–ii.
13322:
12978:
12941:
12717:
12703:
12480:
12462:
12138:
12133:
12059:
11742:
11666:
11636:
11611:
11387:
11288:
11131:
10822:
10706:
10468:
10369:
8852:
7788:
7252:
5069:
4516:
4390:
4354:
4063:
3601:
3383:
2946:
2891:
2439:
2305:
274:. The total land area encompasses 183.5 square miles, and some islands are unpopulated. Most
211:
99:
13433:
11575:
11547:
10879:
10738:
9145:
8045:
8010:
6087:
3492:
1310:
are medial and as a consequence only these geminates are reflected in writing. For example:
13217:
13153:
13115:
13110:
12869:
12675:
12638:
12451:
12371:
12292:
12207:
11892:
11606:
11338:
11161:
10673:
10630:
10531:
10483:
10458:
10413:
10267:
10105:
9732:
9652:
9130:
8857:
7222:
6899:
6851:
6573:
6477:
5961:
5956:
5901:
5873:
5609:
5074:
4978:
4958:
4754:
4744:
4734:
4664:
4659:
3685:
3517:
3358:
3318:
3163:
3158:
2886:
2468:
2434:
2355:
1189:
446:
350:
11561:
8035:
6125:
4078:
3560:
337:
The Carolinian language is derived from closely related languages and dialects within the
8:
13439:
13105:
12973:
12843:
12696:
12630:
12528:
12007:
11904:
11808:
11693:
11537:
11508:
11313:
11298:
11198:
11188:
11126:
11121:
11104:
11044:
10857:
10842:
10478:
10403:
10215:
10115:
9913:
9868:
9559:
9549:
9544:
9475:
9155:
9066:
9031:
9016:
9006:
8743:
8678:
8364:
8319:
8294:
8040:
8004:
7882:
7766:
7761:
7702:
7605:
6950:
6889:
6746:
6467:
6283:
5824:
5579:
5511:
5320:
5315:
5305:
4951:
4739:
4634:
4537:
4068:
4003:
3952:
3924:
3748:
3713:
3616:
3532:
3467:
3416:
3128:
2627:
2429:
2409:
2350:
1201:
1182:
313:
305:
231:
12513:
11554:
10322:
10307:
9948:
9888:
9160:
6113:
4762:
2980:
13388:
13034:
12983:
12710:
12689:
12668:
12661:
12648:
12584:
12508:
12342:
12266:
12179:
12094:
12048:
12020:
11851:
11760:
11651:
11626:
11601:
11516:
11461:
11380:
11293:
11263:
11064:
10852:
10837:
10832:
10796:
10766:
10748:
10717:
10620:
10536:
10526:
10513:
10463:
10225:
10062:
9908:
9893:
9883:
9840:
9782:
9772:
9767:
9564:
9330:
9280:
9076:
8975:
8930:
8920:
8772:
8766:
8655:
8595:
8374:
8359:
8309:
8299:
8273:
8175:
7828:
7358:
7273:
7187:
7177:
7139:
6529:
6452:
6345:
6103:
6051:
5893:
5671:
5584:
5516:
5486:
5406:
5396:
5197:
5164:
5148:
5064:
5029:
4973:
4928:
4807:
4614:
4459:
4434:
4349:
4341:
3942:
3909:
3891:
3848:
3840:
3821:
3816:
3806:
3801:
3758:
3738:
3552:
3507:
3482:
3431:
3411:
3174:
3118:
3080:
2789:
2710:
2651:
2584:
2478:
2473:
2455:
2414:
2228:
2029:
450:
to their original homes once conditions improved, with only a few remaining on Saipan.
297:
12566:
10327:
9647:
9510:
8055:
6934:
6375:
4998:
4817:
4542:
4227:
186:
13382:
12758:
12753:
12602:
12543:
12538:
12503:
12498:
12488:
12259:
12232:
12222:
12212:
12099:
12075:
12067:
12040:
12035:
11970:
11939:
11928:
11878:
11836:
11821:
11728:
11471:
11446:
11441:
11401:
11331:
11268:
11049:
10791:
10786:
10743:
10688:
10678:
10663:
10610:
10521:
10503:
10498:
10447:
10434:
10408:
10337:
10287:
10230:
10205:
10128:
9953:
9923:
9903:
9898:
9858:
9687:
9361:
9340:
9315:
9290:
9250:
9220:
9210:
9205:
9195:
9185:
9081:
9041:
9001:
8605:
8456:
8446:
8431:
8399:
8349:
8314:
8304:
8284:
8117:
8025:
8015:
7659:
7641:
7636:
7257:
7212:
7167:
7108:
7098:
7041:
7010:
6924:
6866:
6726:
6700:
6656:
6641:
6631:
6487:
6482:
6462:
6370:
6298:
6288:
6168:
6148:
6041:
5951:
5868:
5682:
5647:
5632:
5589:
5564:
5536:
5526:
5506:
5501:
5469:
5449:
5424:
5385:
5369:
5272:
5257:
5023:
4988:
4912:
4847:
4802:
4797:
4787:
4719:
4406:
4364:
4288:
4248:
4218:
4118:
4108:
4098:
4088:
4046:
3786:
3763:
3728:
3654:
3639:
3512:
3472:
3454:
3436:
3426:
3398:
3313:
3249:
3103:
3050:
2901:
2779:
2682:
2463:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2384:
2376:
2345:
2019:
1977:
1574:
1355:
1307:
1303:
1232:
1227:
1209:
1205:
1186:
362:
309:
301:
263:
247:
223:
107:
94:
57:
13100:
13095:
10753:
10312:
9521:
7872:
7411:
6365:
4772:
4454:
13406:
13394:
13340:
13143:
13072:
13057:
13014:
12850:
12820:
12815:
12778:
12768:
12738:
12610:
12533:
12410:
12378:
12364:
12357:
12307:
12284:
12245:
12202:
12143:
12125:
12107:
12030:
12025:
12015:
11988:
11856:
11783:
11773:
11749:
11735:
11714:
11631:
11489:
11479:
11408:
11359:
11318:
11258:
11253:
11016:
11005:
10871:
10847:
10827:
10771:
10758:
10733:
10698:
10668:
10658:
10580:
10488:
10473:
10381:
10167:
10100:
10095:
9938:
9928:
9918:
9878:
9873:
9810:
9777:
9762:
9742:
9672:
9539:
9495:
9485:
9470:
9465:
9356:
9320:
9310:
9305:
9285:
9260:
9245:
9175:
8990:
8970:
8955:
8950:
8940:
8935:
8882:
8723:
8698:
8688:
8673:
8620:
8517:
8491:
8466:
8410:
8354:
8216:
8122:
7946:
7921:
7823:
7803:
7728:
7590:
7542:
7524:
7353:
7278:
7232:
7227:
7196:
7119:
7063:
7058:
7047:
7026:
6929:
6871:
6856:
6846:
6736:
6679:
6596:
6591:
6558:
6553:
6516:
6497:
6492:
6457:
6355:
6308:
6278:
6273:
6173:
5971:
5921:
5906:
5878:
5819:
5782:
5752:
5637:
5604:
5594:
5574:
5546:
5496:
5459:
5429:
5358:
5295:
5246:
5119:
5054:
5039:
4918:
4899:
4839:
4822:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4577:
4552:
4532:
4527:
4419:
4326:
4141:
4123:
4034:
3937:
3932:
3904:
3881:
3791:
3743:
3733:
3700:
3690:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3565:
3487:
3477:
3462:
3447:
3441:
3406:
3337:
3323:
3288:
3283:
3239:
3202:
3197:
3182:
3075:
2985:
2952:
2909:
2803:
2757:
2752:
2614:
2419:
2323:
2155:
2011:
1990:
1193:
342:
317:
239:
215:
10272:
10200:
10195:
10190:
9933:
8384:
7974:
6405:
6120:
1351:. These were used to identify the 9 distinctive vowels of the Carolinian language.
286:, is reported to be populated solely by Carolinians speaking Carolinian language.
13138:
13125:
13024:
12879:
12773:
12763:
12615:
12573:
12428:
12399:
12392:
12350:
12337:
12332:
12322:
12317:
12302:
12114:
11978:
11846:
11831:
11826:
11816:
11656:
11646:
11497:
11456:
11308:
11303:
11245:
11069:
10955:
10890:
10885:
10712:
10605:
10493:
10343:
10332:
10282:
10257:
10067:
10023:
9968:
9963:
9815:
9757:
9752:
9737:
9692:
9677:
9635:
9630:
9490:
9460:
9392:
9366:
9325:
9255:
9240:
9235:
9215:
9190:
9150:
9071:
9061:
9056:
9046:
9026:
9011:
8985:
8900:
8862:
8847:
8827:
8822:
8777:
8751:
8703:
8683:
8635:
8630:
8615:
8590:
8545:
8527:
8522:
8512:
8506:
8501:
8471:
8451:
8426:
8421:
8405:
8324:
8279:
8268:
8195:
8138:
8020:
7984:
7969:
7951:
7877:
7854:
7849:
7756:
7713:
7707:
7697:
7680:
7610:
7595:
7580:
7537:
7491:
7437:
7416:
7342:
7268:
7263:
7242:
7207:
7172:
7162:
7157:
7151:
7036:
6987:
6914:
6909:
6881:
6836:
6812:
6792:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6731:
6710:
6669:
6636:
6626:
6524:
6502:
6472:
6436:
6400:
6395:
6360:
6340:
6303:
6293:
6265:
6108:
6082:
6072:
6020:
6015:
5814:
5772:
5762:
5717:
5712:
5697:
5652:
5531:
5491:
5300:
5282:
5267:
5211:
5187:
5114:
5099:
4968:
4946:
4877:
4782:
4724:
4709:
4649:
4572:
4557:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4359:
4311:
4237:
4232:
4009:
3947:
3914:
3899:
3826:
3708:
3680:
3672:
3570:
3537:
3421:
3350:
3217:
3187:
3108:
3085:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3000:
2990:
2914:
2829:
2824:
2797:
2704:
2664:
2659:
2632:
2389:
1570:
1389:
Directional suffixes were usually attached to the preceding verbs. For instance:
407:
382:
76:
11616:
6390:
316:
languages. In present day, Carolinian is changing quickly due to influence from
199:
13400:
13129:
13067:
13029:
12874:
12830:
12825:
12810:
12805:
12682:
12620:
12592:
12558:
12423:
12418:
12312:
12237:
11996:
11983:
11841:
11778:
11768:
11707:
11679:
11596:
11484:
11422:
11415:
11323:
11193:
11054:
10943:
10812:
10683:
10615:
10452:
10297:
10277:
10220:
10157:
10078:
10028:
10018:
10013:
9993:
9978:
9958:
9863:
9853:
9848:
9820:
9662:
9657:
9625:
9515:
9505:
9455:
9440:
9387:
9371:
9335:
9300:
9200:
9106:
9096:
9091:
8980:
8960:
8945:
8905:
8877:
8872:
8842:
8817:
8807:
8797:
8787:
8782:
8761:
8733:
8718:
8693:
8645:
8640:
8625:
8532:
8496:
8481:
8476:
8461:
8441:
8415:
8394:
8389:
8379:
8329:
8289:
8263:
8247:
8237:
8221:
8211:
8190:
8185:
8180:
8065:
8050:
7994:
7989:
7979:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7844:
7793:
7723:
7575:
7570:
7565:
7496:
7432:
7390:
7129:
7124:
7103:
7093:
6966:
6831:
6807:
6797:
6775:
6695:
6674:
6606:
6601:
6568:
6350:
6242:
6077:
5984:
5938:
5830:
5809:
5777:
5767:
5747:
5707:
5692:
5642:
5627:
5569:
5521:
5454:
5401:
5337:
5206:
5159:
5089:
5013:
4941:
4923:
4867:
4862:
4812:
4792:
4714:
4704:
4680:
4669:
4567:
4562:
4547:
4521:
4506:
4501:
4414:
4396:
4299:
4278:
4186:
4171:
4166:
4151:
4146:
4113:
4103:
4093:
4058:
4051:
3977:
3876:
3871:
3811:
3718:
3542:
3527:
3502:
3278:
3244:
3192:
3123:
3113:
3070:
3005:
2995:
2834:
2746:
2693:
2687:
2604:
2596:
2511:
2444:
2101:
1358:
impact, as there are no distinctive long vowels in that language. For example:
1348:
402:
after the 1850s, especially with the arrival of immigrants from atolls east of
2054:
1577:
Orthography Committee also appeared at the convention on an irregular basis.
13455:
12835:
12748:
12653:
12493:
12443:
12297:
11864:
11686:
11621:
11521:
11345:
11273:
11183:
11059:
10817:
10781:
10317:
10302:
10292:
10262:
10240:
10210:
10162:
10033:
9998:
9988:
9943:
9830:
9825:
9805:
9797:
9697:
9682:
9667:
9642:
9619:
9614:
9595:
9580:
9554:
9500:
9480:
9295:
9275:
9230:
9225:
9170:
9116:
9101:
9086:
9051:
9021:
8925:
8915:
8910:
8837:
8832:
8812:
8792:
8756:
8708:
8668:
8663:
8610:
8600:
8585:
8486:
8436:
8143:
7926:
7631:
7615:
7547:
7532:
7501:
7486:
7476:
7471:
7395:
7364:
7283:
7237:
7201:
7113:
7053:
7031:
6960:
6955:
6841:
6802:
6646:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6583:
6563:
6431:
6318:
6313:
6255:
6250:
6214:
6036:
5989:
5979:
5835:
5757:
5702:
5599:
5541:
5390:
5290:
5262:
5252:
5109:
5059:
5049:
5034:
5003:
4907:
4882:
4872:
4857:
4852:
4729:
4674:
4644:
4639:
4161:
3796:
3207:
2970:
2941:
2919:
2774:
2699:
2622:
2525:
2033:
2005:
455:
430:
415:
398:
Significant demographic changes occurred in the Carolinian population of the
346:
1589:
There were 28 letters in 1977 and they were expanded to 33 letters in 2004.
13077:
13062:
13019:
12887:
12438:
12385:
11278:
11094:
11089:
10008:
9590:
9585:
9445:
9265:
9111:
8996:
8965:
8867:
8713:
8369:
7999:
7600:
7585:
6861:
6548:
6385:
5787:
5084:
4993:
4983:
4963:
3753:
796:
The classic form of Carolinian syllables is either CV, CVC, CVVC, or CCVC.
477:
2076:
2015:
170:
7453:
5104:
5094:
5018:
5008:
3329:
2540:
2221:
The Internal and External Relationships of Trukic Languages of Micronesia
1491:
Plural determiners, which were generally written separated. For example:
366:
361:, Don Luis de Torres, studied the Carolinian language and identified its
275:
243:
2274:
2160:
13194:
12197:
11079:
2059:
1383:
321:
365:. Throughout the 1700s, multiple Carolinian drift voyages reached the
13148:
11213:
354:
179:
163:
2265:
Linguistic Dimensions of Vernacular Education for Saipan Carolinians
2208:. Saipan: Department of Education, Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands.
2191:
Linguistic Dimensions of Vernacular Education for Saipan Carolinians
480:. However, many Carolinians still practice these traditions today.
251:
235:
373:, spreading Carolinian culture and language across these regions.
1197:
442:
403:
283:
267:
5231:
13209:
1222:
473:
438:
423:
419:
378:
293:
279:
296:
Carolinian, was born from several languages in the Carolinian
271:
434:
411:
370:
358:
2002:
1563:
2873:
2148:
Saipan Carolinian, one Chuukic language blended from many
1540:
1530:
1513:
1498:
1474:
1457:
1447:
1433:
1412:
1393:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1244:
1238:
222:. It is an official language (alongside English) of the
7317:
6195:
226:. Carolinian is a threatened language according to the
783:
16:
Austronesian language of the Northern Mariana Islands
390:
difficult to establish a clear historical timeline.
304:, Carolinian is the most closely related dialect to
282:, the largest island, although a very small island,
894:. The following are some example simple sentences.
10985:
1347:Carolinian are used to the 5 vowel symbols of the
11147:North-Central American / Upper Midwestern English
13453:
11014:
27:
2154:(Ph.D. thesis). University of Hawaii at Manoa.
49:Saipan, Anatahan, and Agrihan islands, Marianas
1354:Long vowels were not represented maybe due to
10971:
2556:
2523:
2290:
2204:Warakal, Rosa Roppul; Limes, Jose T. (1980).
2203:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
1519:/mwææl kke + we/ means those men in the past
885:
476:, these practices largely ceased during the
2206:Respect in the Carolinian Culture on Saipan
10978:
10964:
2570:
2563:
2549:
2297:
2283:
2233:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
13462:Languages of the Northern Mariana Islands
2304:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2159:
2119:
270:, approximately 1,300 miles southeast of
228:Catalogue of Endangered Languages (ELCat)
2534:) is being considered for deletion. See
11237:
2262:
2218:
2188:
1564:Saipan Carolinian Orthography Committee
13454:
2583:
2241:
1453:/ e kke, e ghal / means he progressive
266:occupies a chain of 14 islands in the
11013:
10959:
7316:
6194:
4898:
4033:
2875:Western branches of Malayo–Polynesian
2872:
2856:
2855:
2582:
2544:
2278:
2144:
1215:
1185:. Carolinian has more in common with
791:
341:family. The first inhabitants of the
7319:Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages
6197:Central Malayo-Polynesian languages
13:
10939:? indicates classification dispute
2507:? indicates classification dispute
2048:
1996:
1509:/mwææl kke + laal/ means those men
14:
13493:
13472:Endangered Austronesian languages
2538:to help reach a consensus. ›
1981:base their spellings in English.
1970:
1306:influence. The only geminates in
257:
13255:Sandy River Valley Sign Language
11085:Inland Northern American English
332:
143:
13477:Endangered languages of Oceania
13237:Martha's Vineyard Sign Language
2263:Elameto, Jesus Mareham (1977).
2189:Elameto, Jesus Mareham (1977).
2106:The Endangered Language Project
1541:
1531:
1514:
1499:
1475:
1458:
1448:
1434:
1413:
1394:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1239:
393:
10987:Languages of the United States
2223:. University of Hawaii, Manoa.
2219:Jackson, Frederick H. (1983).
2212:
2197:
2182:
2094:
2069:
2004:H.; Marck, Jeffrey C. (eds.).
1557:for / i + itto / means I come.
1326:for / leppi / means beach sand
784:
445:ships transported hundreds of
1:
13482:Subject–verb–object languages
2041:
2007:Carolinian-English Dictionary
1573:Education Department and the
1176:
799:
13190:Black American Sign Language
12968:Creole Hawai'i Sign Language
11209:Western Pennsylvania English
10936:* indicates proposed status
2504:* indicates proposed status
1336:for / mille / means this one
1249:/, but lib means hole for /
492:
7:
12984:Navajo Family Sign Language
10823:Futuna-Aniwa / West Futunan
1984:
1584:
1291:/ means dirt, but po for /
462:
10:
13498:
13200:Puerto Rican Sign Language
1399:/ mɔɔttiu / means sit down
487:
410:to work on plantations in
327:
13275:
13246:
13226:
13208:
13175:
13166:
13124:
13086:
13043:
13005:
12996:
12956:
12923:Anishinaabe Sign Language
12914:
12905:
12860:
12798:
12791:
12727:
12629:
12601:
12583:
12479:
12461:
12409:
12283:
12178:
12124:
12085:
12058:
12006:
11969:
11938:
11902:
11807:
11759:
11585:
11535:
11507:
11470:
11432:
11244:
11226:
11172:Southern American English
11152:Pacific Northwest English
11142:Northern American English
11023:
11004:
10993:
10931:
10870:
10805:
10726:
10697:
10649:
10638:
10629:
10601:
10594:
10568:
10557:
10512:
10433:
10422:
10399:
10390:
10377:
10368:
10250:
10183:
10176:
10150:
10141:
10124:
10088:
10055:
10046:
9839:
9796:
9721:
9710:
9605:
9573:
9530:
9431:
9420:
9409:
9380:
9349:
9138:
9129:
8891:
8742:
8654:
8573:
8562:
8541:
8338:
8256:
8230:
8204:
8163:
8152:
8131:
8100:
8089:
8078:
7960:
7914:
7903:
7863:
7837:
7811:
7802:
7779:
7737:
7690:
7676:
7667:
7658:
7624:
7556:
7523:
7514:
7462:
7446:
7425:
7404:
7383:
7374:
7338:
7329:
7325:
7312:
7186:
7147:
7138:
7079:
7072:
7019:
7006:
6996:
6980:
6943:
6880:
6822:
6785:
6745:
6719:
6688:
6665:
6655:
6582:
6538:
6515:
6445:
6427:
6418:
6333:
6264:
6241:
6232:
6223:
6207:
6203:
6190:
6161:
6144:
6096:
6060:
6029:
6011:
6002:
5970:
5937:
5930:
5892:
5861:
5852:
5800:
5743:
5734:
5727:
5661:
5618:
5555:
5477:
5468:
5438:
5417:
5378:
5351:
5333:
5281:
5242:
5224:
5196:
5180:
5141:
4937:
4891:
4838:
4831:
4753:
4690:
4590:
4486:
4405:
4386:
4377:
4340:
4287:
4266:
4257:
4247:
4217:
4210:
4198:
4184:
4132:
4042:
4026:
3991:
3968:
3961:
3923:
3890:
3862:
3839:
3777:
3699:
3671:
3653:
3615:
3594:
3551:
3397:
3349:
3306:
3297:
3269:
3258:
3230:
3173:
3154:
3145:
3094:
3041:
3023:
3014:
2961:
2937:
2928:
2900:
2885:
2881:
2868:
2864:
2851:
2817:
2788:
2767:
2739:
2730:
2673:
2650:
2641:
2613:
2595:
2591:
2578:
2499:
2454:
2375:
2364:
2341:
2332:
2316:
2312:
1486:/mwææl-ie/ means this man
1480:/mwææl-we/ means that man
1463:/ e mwmwel / means he can
886:Simple sentence structure
677:
658:
613:
591:
573:
526:
504:
193:
177:
161:
156:
138:Official language in
136:
131:
73:
63:
53:
45:
35:
26:
21:
11950:San Felipe–Santo Domingo
11204:Western American English
11100:Midland American English
11075:General American English
11028:African-American English
2536:templates for discussion
2145:Ellis, S. James (2012).
1376:for / iil / means mother
1342:for / llɔl / means in it
498:Consonant Phonemes Table
400:Northern Mariana Islands
262:The Commonwealth of the
220:Northern Mariana Islands
151:Northern Mariana Islands
40:Northern Mariana Islands
12926:Blackfoot Sign Language
11137:New York Latino English
11040:American Indian English
10116:Whitesands / East Tanna
2267:. University of Hawaii.
2193:. University of Hawaii.
2065:(subscription required)
1439:/ e bwe / means he will
1267:/ means his house, but
857:She is wearing a dress
824:she is wearing sandals
28:
13262:Henniker Sign Language
13185:American Sign Language
12929:Cheyenne Sign Language
11794:Central Siberian Yupik
11789:Central Alaskan Yup'ik
11284:Malecite-Passamaquoddy
11194:Upper Michigan English
11167:Puerto Rican Englishes
10853:Wallisian / East Uvean
10828:Futunan / East Futunan
10576:Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua
6786:Luangic–Kisaric ?
5045:Kelantan-Pattani Malay
2572:Austronesian languages
2531:Austronesian languages
1235:phones. For instance:
320:, which has dominated
292:more usually known as
12964:Hawai'i Sign Language
12947:Ktunaxa Sign Language
12942:Plateau Sign Language
12704:Northern Sierra Miwok
12644:Southern Sierra Miwok
11953:Zia–Santa Ana Pueblos
11701:Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie
11189:Transatlantic English
11132:New York City English
11122:New Mexican Englishes
11105:New England Englishes
10096:Kwamera / South Tanna
5070:Negeri Sembilan Malay
4322:Kota Marudu Talantang
2306:Micronesian languages
2077:"Carolinian Language"
2016:10.2307/j.ctv9hvsnv.1
1429:/ e se / means he not
386:languages over time.
339:Austronesian language
212:Austronesian language
13412:Serbo-Croatian (0.3)
13280:in 2021 in millions)
13218:Samoan Sign Language
12935:Navajo Sign Language
12870:Afro-Seminole Creole
12639:Central Sierra Miwok
12218:North Straits Salish
11642:Mescalero-Chiricahua
11162:Philadelphia English
10101:Lenakel / West Tanna
4964:Brunei/Kedayan Malay
3096:Southern Cordilleran
1405:/ mæællɔ / means die
1279:/ means your house,
1243:means hole of for /
902:Subject Noun Phrase
868:He is (being) angry
835:He is wearing pants
702:Vowel Phonemes Table
349:, who migrated from
218:, but spoken in the
13278:(number of speakers
13276:Immigrant languages
12974:Inuit Sign Language
11199:Utah Mormon English
11127:New Orleans English
11045:Appalachian English
7883:Natügu / Santa Cruz
6720:Wetar–Galoli ?
6132:Toraja-Saʼdan
5391:Kawi / Old Javanese
4332:Klias River Kadazan
3779:Gorontalo–Mongondow
3043:Central Cordilleran
1316:/ ppii / means sand
892:Subject-Verb-Object
846:He is stabbing him
214:originating in the
104:Nuclear Micronesian
13053:Pennsylvania Dutch
12932:Cree Sign Language
12744:Havasupai–Hualapai
12690:Kings River Yokuts
12669:Buena Vista Yokuts
12649:Tule-Kaweah Yokuts
11157:Pennsylvania Dutch
11080:High Tider English
11065:California English
10777:Rakahanga-Manihiki
10739:Cook Islands Māori
10004:Northeast Malakula
8243:Lavatbura–Lamusong
3299:Central Philippine
2585:Formosan languages
1370:/ sææt / means sea
1364:/ fii / means star
1216:Past orthographies
792:Syllable structure
298:language continuum
13467:Chuukic languages
13449:
13448:
13271:
13270:
13162:
13161:
12992:
12991:
12906:Manual Indigenous
12901:
12900:
12897:
12896:
12787:
12786:
12162:Northeastern Pomo
12149:Southeastern Pomo
11922:Northern Kalapuya
11222:
11221:
11050:Baltimore English
10953:
10952:
10927:
10926:
10923:
10922:
10919:
10918:
10915:
10914:
10911:
10910:
10907:
10906:
10903:
10902:
10899:
10898:
10866:
10865:
10553:
10552:
10549:
10548:
10545:
10544:
10364:
10363:
10360:
10359:
10356:
10355:
10352:
10351:
10137:
10136:
10042:
10041:
9706:
9705:
9405:
9404:
9401:
9400:
9125:
9124:
8558:
8557:
8554:
8553:
8074:
8073:
7899:
7898:
7775:
7774:
7654:
7653:
7650:
7649:
7510:
7509:
7308:
7307:
7304:
7303:
7300:
7299:
7296:
7295:
7292:
7291:
6976:
6975:
6511:
6510:
6414:
6413:
6329:
6328:
6186:
6185:
6182:
6181:
6157:
6156:
6140:
6139:
5998:
5997:
5848:
5847:
5844:
5843:
5796:
5795:
5347:
5346:
5329:
5328:
5233:Northwest Sumatra
5220:
5219:
5137:
5136:
5133:
5132:
5024:Kendayan / Selako
4586:
4585:
4482:
4481:
4478:
4477:
4373:
4372:
4194:
4193:
4180:
4179:
4022:
4021:
4018:
4017:
3854:Calamian Tagbanwa
3835:
3834:
3611:
3610:
3523:Southern Sorsogon
3498:Northern Sorsogon
3457:
3450:
3340:
3333:
3226:
3225:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3136:
2902:Batanic (Bashiic)
2858:Malayo–Polynesian
2847:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2813:
2812:
2726:
2725:
2521:
2520:
2495:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2063:(18th ed., 2015)
1968:
1967:
1503:/ means these men
1206:Chuukic languages
1192:than with either
1174:
1173:
905:Predicate Phrase
883:
882:
775:
774:
696:
695:
363:dialect continuum
302:Carolinian people
264:Northern Marianas
224:Carolinian people
205:
204:
90:Malayo-Polynesian
69:3,100 (2000)
13489:
13173:
13172:
13144:Louisiana Creole
13003:
13002:
12912:
12911:
12796:
12795:
12087:Plateau Penutian
11915:Central Kalapuya
11242:
11241:
11235:
11234:
11017:American English
11011:
11010:
10980:
10973:
10966:
10957:
10956:
10647:
10646:
10636:
10635:
10599:
10598:
10566:
10565:
10431:
10430:
10397:
10396:
10375:
10374:
10181:
10180:
10148:
10147:
10053:
10052:
9794:
9793:
9788:Southeast Ambrym
9719:
9718:
9429:
9428:
9418:
9417:
9271:Arifama-Miniafia
9136:
9135:
8571:
8570:
8161:
8160:
8098:
8097:
8087:
8086:
7915:Gela–Guadalcanal
7912:
7911:
7878:Engdewu / Nanggu
7865:Reefs–Santa Cruz
7809:
7808:
7674:
7673:
7665:
7664:
7521:
7520:
7381:
7380:
7336:
7335:
7327:
7326:
7314:
7313:
7145:
7144:
7077:
7076:
7004:
7003:
6944:Southwest Maluku
6663:
6662:
6425:
6424:
6239:
6238:
6230:
6229:
6205:
6204:
6192:
6191:
6068:Aralle-Tabulahan
6061:Pitu Ulunna Salu
6009:
6008:
5935:
5934:
5859:
5858:
5741:
5740:
5732:
5731:
5475:
5474:
5240:
5239:
5235:–Barrier Islands
5229:
5228:
5120:Terengganu Malay
4896:
4895:
4836:
4835:
4384:
4383:
4327:Rungus / Momogun
4264:
4263:
4255:
4254:
4215:
4214:
4208:
4207:
4167:West Coast Bajaw
4040:
4039:
4031:
4030:
4027:Greater Barito *
3966:
3965:
3769:Western Bukidnon
3635:Central Tagbanwa
3625:Aborlan Tagbanwa
3453:
3446:
3379:Mount Iriga Agta
3374:Mount Iraya Agta
3336:
3328:
3304:
3303:
3271:Southern Mindoro
3267:
3266:
3232:Northern Mindoro
3152:
3151:
3021:
3020:
3016:Meso-Cordilleran
2935:
2934:
2898:
2897:
2883:
2882:
2870:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2853:
2852:
2737:
2736:
2648:
2647:
2593:
2592:
2580:
2579:
2565:
2558:
2551:
2542:
2541:
2373:
2372:
2339:
2338:
2314:
2313:
2299:
2292:
2285:
2276:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2260:
2239:
2238:
2232:
2224:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2170:
2164:. Archived from
2163:
2153:
2142:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2052:
2037:
1991:Tanapag language
1592:
1591:
1546:means he sees us
1544:
1543:
1536:means he sees me
1534:
1533:
1517:
1516:
1502:
1501:
1478:
1477:
1461:
1460:
1451:
1450:
1437:
1436:
1416:
1415:
1397:
1396:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1241:
1065:aspectual at-eat
897:
896:
804:
803:
787:
786:
706:
705:
641:
619:
554:
532:
502:
501:
478:Second World War
433:took control of
343:Caroline Islands
216:Caroline Islands
189:
173:
166:
149:
147:
146:
79:
31:
19:
18:
13497:
13496:
13492:
13491:
13490:
13488:
13487:
13486:
13452:
13451:
13450:
13445:
13279:
13277:
13267:
13242:
13222:
13204:
13168:
13158:
13120:
13082:
13039:
12998:
12988:
12952:
12907:
12893:
12862:
12856:
12783:
12730:
12723:
12625:
12597:
12579:
12524:Northern Paiute
12475:
12471:Coast Tsimshian
12457:
12405:
12279:
12174:
12120:
12081:
12054:
12002:
11965:
11934:
11898:
11803:
11755:
11662:Upper Kuskokwim
11588:
11581:
11531:
11503:
11466:
11428:
11229:
11228:Oral Indigenous
11218:
11214:Yeshiva English
11070:Chicano English
11019:
11000:
10989:
10984:
10954:
10949:
10948:
10895:
10862:
10801:
10722:
10693:
10641:
10625:
10590:
10560:
10541:
10508:
10425:
10418:
10392:
10386:
10348:
10246:
10172:
10151:Loyalty Islands
10143:
10133:
10120:
10111:Southwest Tanna
10084:
10063:Erromanga / Sie
10038:
9835:
9792:
9724:
9714:
9712:
9702:
9631:Cape Cumberland
9601:
9574:South Pentecost
9569:
9550:Northeast Ambae
9533:North Pentecost
9532:
9526:
9423:
9412:
9397:
9376:
9350:Kilivila–Misima
9345:
9121:
8887:
8738:
8650:
8576:
8565:
8550:
8537:
8341:
8334:
8252:
8226:
8200:
8156:
8154:
8148:
8127:
8092:
8081:
8070:
7962:
7956:
7906:
7895:
7859:
7833:
7798:
7771:
7751:Southern Kaniet
7745:Northern Kaniet
7733:
7686:
7646:
7620:
7552:
7506:
7464:South Halmahera
7458:
7442:
7421:
7400:
7370:
7321:
7288:
7182:
7134:
7068:
7015:
6992:
6972:
6939:
6920:Southeast Babar
6895:Dawera-Daweloor
6876:
6818:
6781:
6741:
6715:
6689:Central Timor *
6684:
6651:
6578:
6534:
6507:
6441:
6410:
6325:
6260:
6219:
6199:
6178:
6153:
6136:
6092:
6056:
6025:
5994:
5966:
5926:
5888:
5840:
5792:
5723:
5663:Tomini–Tolitoli
5657:
5614:
5551:
5464:
5441:
5434:
5413:
5374:
5343:
5325:
5277:
5234:
5216:
5192:
5176:
5129:
5100:Pontianak Malay
4933:
4887:
4832:Malayo–Chamic *
4827:
4749:
4686:
4620:Kanowit–Tanjong
4592:Central Sarawak
4582:
4497:Kenyah / Bakung
4474:
4401:
4379:
4369:
4336:
4317:Eastern Kadazan
4305:Coastal Kadazan
4283:
4259:
4249:Southwest Sabah
4243:
4219:Northeast Sabah
4201:
4190:
4176:
4157:Pangutaran Sama
4128:
4014:
3987:
3957:
3919:
3886:
3858:
3831:
3773:
3724:Cotabato Manobo
3695:
3667:
3663:Western Subanon
3649:
3607:
3590:
3547:
3393:
3345:
3293:
3261:
3260:Greater Central
3254:
3222:
3169:
3133:
3090:
3037:
3010:
2957:
2924:
2889:
2877:
2860:
2839:
2818:Southern ?
2809:
2784:
2763:
2722:
2675:
2669:
2637:
2609:
2587:
2574:
2569:
2539:
2522:
2517:
2516:
2483:
2450:
2367:
2360:
2334:
2328:
2308:
2303:
2273:
2272:
2261:
2242:
2226:
2225:
2217:
2213:
2202:
2198:
2187:
2183:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2151:
2143:
2120:
2110:
2108:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2085:
2083:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2026:
1999:
1997:Further reading
1987:
1973:
1601:Name of Letter
1587:
1566:
1417:/ means get out
1218:
1179:
1170:
1161:
1153:
1142:
1133:
1117:
1107:
1096:
1086:
1070:
1060:
1052:
1041:
1031:
1015:
1005:
997:
986:
976:
960:
950:
942:
931:
921:
888:
802:
794:
771:ɐi, ui, oi, ɒi
754:ou, ɒu, ei, æi
737:iu, eu, æu, ɐu
639:
617:
552:
530:
495:
490:
465:
396:
335:
330:
260:
185:
169:
162:
144:
142:
139:
132:Official status
127:
80:
77:Language family
75:
66:
65:Native speakers
17:
12:
11:
5:
13495:
13485:
13484:
13479:
13474:
13469:
13464:
13447:
13446:
13444:
13443:
13437:
13431:
13425:
13419:
13413:
13410:
13404:
13398:
13392:
13386:
13380:
13374:
13368:
13365:
13359:
13353:
13347:
13344:
13338:
13332:
13326:
13320:
13314:
13308:
13302:
13296:
13290:
13283:
13281:
13273:
13272:
13269:
13268:
13266:
13265:
13258:
13250:
13248:
13244:
13243:
13241:
13240:
13232:
13230:
13224:
13223:
13221:
13220:
13214:
13212:
13206:
13205:
13203:
13202:
13197:
13192:
13187:
13181:
13179:
13170:
13167:Manual settler
13164:
13163:
13160:
13159:
13157:
13156:
13151:
13146:
13141:
13135:
13133:
13122:
13121:
13119:
13118:
13113:
13108:
13103:
13098:
13096:Caló (Chicano)
13092:
13090:
13084:
13083:
13081:
13080:
13075:
13070:
13065:
13060:
13055:
13049:
13047:
13041:
13040:
13038:
13037:
13032:
13027:
13022:
13017:
13011:
13009:
13000:
12994:
12993:
12990:
12989:
12987:
12986:
12981:
12979:Keresan Pueblo
12976:
12971:
12970:
12969:
12960:
12958:
12954:
12953:
12951:
12950:
12949:
12948:
12937:
12936:
12933:
12930:
12927:
12924:
12920:
12918:
12909:
12903:
12902:
12899:
12898:
12895:
12894:
12892:
12891:
12883:
12882:
12877:
12875:Chinook Jargon
12872:
12866:
12864:
12861:Mixed or trade
12858:
12857:
12855:
12854:
12847:
12839:
12838:
12833:
12828:
12823:
12818:
12813:
12808:
12802:
12800:
12793:
12789:
12788:
12785:
12784:
12782:
12781:
12776:
12771:
12766:
12761:
12756:
12751:
12746:
12741:
12735:
12733:
12725:
12724:
12722:
12721:
12714:
12707:
12700:
12693:
12686:
12683:Gashowu Yokuts
12679:
12672:
12665:
12657:
12656:
12651:
12646:
12641:
12635:
12633:
12627:
12626:
12624:
12623:
12618:
12613:
12607:
12605:
12599:
12598:
12596:
12595:
12589:
12587:
12581:
12580:
12578:
12577:
12570:
12562:
12561:
12556:
12554:Ute-Chemehuevi
12551:
12546:
12541:
12536:
12531:
12526:
12521:
12516:
12511:
12506:
12501:
12496:
12491:
12485:
12483:
12477:
12476:
12474:
12473:
12467:
12465:
12459:
12458:
12456:
12455:
12447:
12446:
12441:
12436:
12431:
12426:
12421:
12415:
12413:
12407:
12406:
12404:
12403:
12396:
12389:
12382:
12375:
12368:
12361:
12354:
12346:
12345:
12340:
12335:
12330:
12325:
12320:
12315:
12310:
12305:
12300:
12295:
12289:
12287:
12281:
12280:
12278:
12277:
12274:Upper Chehalis
12270:
12263:
12256:
12253:Lower Chehalis
12249:
12241:
12240:
12235:
12230:
12225:
12220:
12215:
12210:
12205:
12200:
12195:
12193:Columbia-Moses
12190:
12184:
12182:
12176:
12175:
12173:
12172:
12165:
12157:
12156:
12151:
12146:
12141:
12136:
12130:
12128:
12122:
12121:
12119:
12118:
12111:
12103:
12102:
12097:
12091:
12089:
12083:
12082:
12080:
12079:
12071:
12070:
12064:
12062:
12056:
12055:
12053:
12052:
12044:
12043:
12038:
12033:
12028:
12023:
12018:
12012:
12010:
12004:
12003:
12001:
12000:
11992:
11991:
11986:
11981:
11975:
11973:
11967:
11966:
11964:
11963:
11960:
11957:
11954:
11951:
11948:
11947:Cochiti Pueblo
11944:
11942:
11936:
11935:
11933:
11932:
11925:
11918:
11910:
11908:
11900:
11899:
11897:
11896:
11889:
11882:
11875:
11868:
11860:
11859:
11854:
11849:
11844:
11839:
11834:
11829:
11824:
11819:
11813:
11811:
11805:
11804:
11802:
11801:
11796:
11791:
11786:
11781:
11776:
11771:
11765:
11763:
11757:
11756:
11754:
11753:
11746:
11739:
11732:
11725:
11718:
11711:
11704:
11697:
11690:
11683:
11675:
11674:
11672:Western Apache
11669:
11664:
11659:
11654:
11649:
11644:
11639:
11634:
11629:
11624:
11619:
11614:
11609:
11604:
11599:
11593:
11591:
11583:
11582:
11580:
11579:
11572:
11565:
11558:
11551:
11543:
11541:
11533:
11532:
11530:
11529:
11524:
11519:
11513:
11511:
11505:
11504:
11502:
11501:
11493:
11492:
11487:
11482:
11476:
11474:
11468:
11467:
11465:
11464:
11459:
11454:
11449:
11444:
11438:
11436:
11430:
11429:
11427:
11426:
11419:
11412:
11405:
11398:
11391:
11384:
11377:
11374:Mohegan-Pequot
11370:
11367:Miami-Illinois
11363:
11356:
11349:
11342:
11335:
11327:
11326:
11321:
11316:
11311:
11306:
11301:
11296:
11291:
11286:
11281:
11276:
11271:
11266:
11261:
11256:
11250:
11248:
11239:
11232:
11224:
11223:
11220:
11219:
11217:
11216:
11211:
11206:
11201:
11196:
11191:
11186:
11181:
11180:
11179:
11169:
11164:
11159:
11154:
11149:
11144:
11139:
11134:
11129:
11124:
11119:
11118:
11117:
11112:
11102:
11097:
11092:
11087:
11082:
11077:
11072:
11067:
11062:
11057:
11055:Boston English
11052:
11047:
11042:
11037:
11036:
11035:
11024:
11021:
11020:
11008:
11002:
11001:
10994:
10991:
10990:
10983:
10982:
10975:
10968:
10960:
10951:
10950:
10947:
10946:
10944:extinct status
10940:
10937:
10933:
10932:
10929:
10928:
10925:
10924:
10921:
10920:
10917:
10916:
10913:
10912:
10909:
10908:
10905:
10904:
10901:
10900:
10897:
10896:
10894:
10893:
10888:
10883:
10876:
10874:
10868:
10867:
10864:
10863:
10861:
10860:
10855:
10850:
10845:
10840:
10835:
10830:
10825:
10820:
10815:
10809:
10807:
10803:
10802:
10800:
10799:
10794:
10789:
10784:
10779:
10774:
10769:
10764:
10763:
10762:
10751:
10746:
10741:
10736:
10730:
10728:
10724:
10723:
10721:
10720:
10715:
10710:
10703:
10701:
10695:
10694:
10692:
10691:
10686:
10681:
10676:
10671:
10666:
10661:
10656:
10654:Kapingamarangi
10650:
10644:
10633:
10627:
10626:
10624:
10623:
10618:
10613:
10608:
10602:
10596:
10592:
10591:
10589:
10588:
10586:Western Fijian
10583:
10578:
10572:
10570:
10563:
10555:
10554:
10551:
10550:
10547:
10546:
10543:
10542:
10540:
10539:
10534:
10529:
10524:
10518:
10516:
10510:
10509:
10507:
10506:
10501:
10496:
10491:
10486:
10481:
10476:
10471:
10466:
10461:
10456:
10450:
10445:
10439:
10437:
10428:
10420:
10419:
10417:
10416:
10411:
10406:
10400:
10394:
10388:
10387:
10385:
10384:
10378:
10372:
10366:
10365:
10362:
10361:
10358:
10357:
10354:
10353:
10350:
10349:
10347:
10346:
10341:
10335:
10330:
10325:
10320:
10315:
10310:
10305:
10300:
10295:
10290:
10285:
10280:
10275:
10270:
10265:
10260:
10254:
10252:
10248:
10247:
10245:
10244:
10238:
10233:
10228:
10223:
10218:
10213:
10208:
10203:
10198:
10193:
10187:
10185:
10178:
10177:New Caledonian
10174:
10173:
10171:
10170:
10165:
10160:
10154:
10152:
10145:
10139:
10138:
10135:
10134:
10132:
10131:
10125:
10122:
10121:
10119:
10118:
10113:
10108:
10103:
10098:
10092:
10090:
10086:
10085:
10083:
10082:
10076:
10071:
10065:
10059:
10057:
10050:
10044:
10043:
10040:
10039:
10037:
10036:
10031:
10026:
10021:
10016:
10011:
10006:
10001:
9996:
9991:
9986:
9981:
9976:
9971:
9966:
9961:
9956:
9951:
9946:
9941:
9936:
9931:
9926:
9921:
9916:
9911:
9906:
9901:
9896:
9891:
9886:
9881:
9876:
9871:
9866:
9861:
9856:
9851:
9845:
9843:
9837:
9836:
9834:
9833:
9828:
9823:
9818:
9813:
9808:
9802:
9800:
9791:
9790:
9785:
9780:
9775:
9770:
9765:
9760:
9755:
9750:
9745:
9740:
9735:
9729:
9727:
9716:
9708:
9707:
9704:
9703:
9701:
9700:
9695:
9690:
9685:
9680:
9675:
9670:
9665:
9660:
9655:
9650:
9645:
9640:
9639:
9638:
9628:
9623:
9617:
9611:
9609:
9607:Espiritu Santo
9603:
9602:
9600:
9599:
9593:
9588:
9583:
9577:
9575:
9571:
9570:
9568:
9567:
9562:
9557:
9552:
9547:
9542:
9536:
9534:
9528:
9527:
9525:
9524:
9519:
9513:
9508:
9503:
9498:
9493:
9488:
9483:
9478:
9473:
9468:
9463:
9458:
9453:
9448:
9443:
9437:
9435:
9426:
9415:
9407:
9406:
9403:
9402:
9399:
9398:
9396:
9395:
9390:
9384:
9382:
9378:
9377:
9375:
9374:
9369:
9364:
9359:
9353:
9351:
9347:
9346:
9344:
9343:
9338:
9333:
9328:
9323:
9318:
9313:
9308:
9303:
9298:
9293:
9288:
9283:
9278:
9273:
9268:
9263:
9258:
9253:
9248:
9243:
9238:
9233:
9228:
9223:
9218:
9213:
9208:
9203:
9198:
9193:
9188:
9183:
9178:
9173:
9168:
9163:
9158:
9153:
9148:
9142:
9140:
9133:
9127:
9126:
9123:
9122:
9120:
9119:
9114:
9109:
9104:
9099:
9094:
9089:
9084:
9079:
9074:
9069:
9064:
9059:
9054:
9049:
9044:
9039:
9034:
9029:
9024:
9019:
9014:
9009:
9004:
8999:
8994:
8988:
8983:
8978:
8973:
8968:
8963:
8958:
8953:
8948:
8943:
8938:
8933:
8928:
8923:
8918:
8913:
8908:
8903:
8897:
8895:
8889:
8888:
8886:
8885:
8880:
8875:
8870:
8865:
8860:
8855:
8850:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8830:
8825:
8820:
8815:
8810:
8805:
8800:
8795:
8790:
8785:
8780:
8775:
8770:
8764:
8759:
8754:
8748:
8746:
8740:
8739:
8737:
8736:
8731:
8726:
8721:
8716:
8711:
8706:
8701:
8696:
8691:
8686:
8681:
8676:
8671:
8666:
8660:
8658:
8652:
8651:
8649:
8648:
8643:
8638:
8633:
8628:
8623:
8618:
8613:
8608:
8603:
8598:
8593:
8588:
8582:
8580:
8568:
8560:
8559:
8556:
8555:
8552:
8551:
8549:
8548:
8542:
8539:
8538:
8536:
8535:
8530:
8525:
8520:
8515:
8510:
8504:
8499:
8494:
8489:
8484:
8479:
8474:
8469:
8464:
8459:
8454:
8449:
8444:
8439:
8434:
8429:
8424:
8419:
8413:
8408:
8403:
8397:
8392:
8387:
8382:
8377:
8372:
8367:
8362:
8357:
8352:
8346:
8344:
8336:
8335:
8333:
8332:
8327:
8322:
8317:
8312:
8307:
8302:
8297:
8292:
8287:
8282:
8277:
8271:
8266:
8260:
8258:
8254:
8253:
8251:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8234:
8232:
8228:
8227:
8225:
8224:
8219:
8214:
8208:
8206:
8202:
8201:
8199:
8198:
8193:
8188:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8167:
8165:
8158:
8150:
8149:
8147:
8146:
8141:
8135:
8133:
8129:
8128:
8126:
8125:
8120:
8115:
8110:
8104:
8102:
8095:
8084:
8076:
8075:
8072:
8071:
8069:
8068:
8063:
8058:
8053:
8048:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8028:
8023:
8018:
8013:
8008:
8002:
7997:
7992:
7987:
7982:
7977:
7972:
7966:
7964:
7958:
7957:
7955:
7954:
7949:
7944:
7939:
7934:
7929:
7924:
7918:
7916:
7909:
7901:
7900:
7897:
7896:
7894:
7893:
7892:
7891:
7888:
7880:
7875:
7869:
7867:
7861:
7860:
7858:
7857:
7852:
7847:
7841:
7839:
7835:
7834:
7832:
7831:
7826:
7821:
7815:
7813:
7806:
7800:
7799:
7797:
7796:
7791:
7785:
7783:
7781:Saint Matthias
7777:
7776:
7773:
7772:
7770:
7769:
7764:
7759:
7754:
7748:
7741:
7739:
7735:
7734:
7732:
7731:
7726:
7721:
7716:
7711:
7705:
7700:
7694:
7692:
7688:
7687:
7685:
7684:
7677:
7671:
7662:
7656:
7655:
7652:
7651:
7648:
7647:
7645:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7628:
7626:
7622:
7621:
7619:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7568:
7562:
7560:
7554:
7553:
7551:
7550:
7545:
7540:
7535:
7529:
7527:
7518:
7512:
7511:
7508:
7507:
7505:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7484:
7479:
7474:
7468:
7466:
7460:
7459:
7457:
7456:
7450:
7448:
7444:
7443:
7441:
7440:
7435:
7429:
7427:
7423:
7422:
7420:
7419:
7414:
7408:
7406:
7402:
7401:
7399:
7398:
7393:
7387:
7385:
7378:
7372:
7371:
7369:
7368:
7362:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7339:
7333:
7323:
7322:
7310:
7309:
7306:
7305:
7302:
7301:
7298:
7297:
7294:
7293:
7290:
7289:
7287:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7266:
7261:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7199:
7193:
7191:
7184:
7183:
7181:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7148:
7142:
7136:
7135:
7133:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7080:
7074:
7070:
7069:
7067:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7045:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7023:
7021:
7017:
7016:
7014:
7013:
7007:
7001:
6998:Central Maluku
6994:
6993:
6991:
6990:
6984:
6982:
6978:
6977:
6974:
6973:
6971:
6970:
6964:
6958:
6953:
6947:
6945:
6941:
6940:
6938:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6886:
6884:
6878:
6877:
6875:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6828:
6826:
6820:
6819:
6817:
6816:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6789:
6787:
6783:
6782:
6780:
6779:
6773:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6751:
6749:
6743:
6742:
6740:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6723:
6721:
6717:
6716:
6714:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6692:
6690:
6686:
6685:
6683:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6666:
6660:
6653:
6652:
6650:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6588:
6586:
6580:
6579:
6577:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6545:
6543:
6536:
6535:
6533:
6532:
6527:
6521:
6519:
6513:
6512:
6509:
6508:
6506:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6449:
6447:
6443:
6442:
6440:
6439:
6434:
6428:
6422:
6420:Flores–Lembata
6416:
6415:
6412:
6411:
6409:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6337:
6335:
6334:Western Flores
6331:
6330:
6327:
6326:
6324:
6323:
6322:
6321:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6270:
6268:
6262:
6261:
6259:
6258:
6253:
6247:
6245:
6236:
6227:
6221:
6220:
6218:
6217:
6211:
6209:
6201:
6200:
6188:
6187:
6184:
6183:
6180:
6179:
6177:
6176:
6171:
6165:
6163:
6159:
6158:
6155:
6154:
6152:
6151:
6145:
6142:
6141:
6138:
6137:
6135:
6134:
6129:
6123:
6118:
6117:
6116:
6106:
6100:
6098:
6094:
6093:
6091:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6064:
6062:
6058:
6057:
6055:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6033:
6031:
6027:
6026:
6024:
6023:
6018:
6012:
6006:
6000:
5999:
5996:
5995:
5993:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5976:
5974:
5968:
5967:
5965:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5943:
5941:
5932:
5928:
5927:
5925:
5924:
5919:
5917:Highland Konjo
5914:
5909:
5904:
5898:
5896:
5890:
5889:
5887:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5865:
5863:
5856:
5854:South Sulawesi
5850:
5849:
5846:
5845:
5842:
5841:
5839:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5806:
5804:
5798:
5797:
5794:
5793:
5791:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5744:
5738:
5729:
5725:
5724:
5722:
5721:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5674:
5668:
5666:
5659:
5658:
5656:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5624:
5622:
5620:Saluan–Banggai
5616:
5615:
5613:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5561:
5559:
5553:
5552:
5550:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5483:
5481:
5472:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5446:
5444:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5432:
5427:
5421:
5419:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5411:
5410:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5382:
5380:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5372:
5367:
5364:
5361:
5355:
5353:
5349:
5348:
5345:
5344:
5342:
5341:
5334:
5331:
5330:
5327:
5326:
5324:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5287:
5285:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5243:
5237:
5226:
5222:
5221:
5218:
5217:
5215:
5214:
5209:
5203:
5201:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5190:
5184:
5182:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5174:
5173:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5145:
5143:
5139:
5138:
5135:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5128:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4955:
4954:
4949:
4938:
4935:
4934:
4932:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4910:
4904:
4902:
4893:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4844:
4842:
4833:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4759:
4757:
4751:
4750:
4748:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4696:
4694:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4684:
4678:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4655:Bah-Biau Punan
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4596:
4594:
4588:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4493:
4491:
4484:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4472:
4470:Sesayap Tidong
4467:
4465:Nonukan Tidong
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4411:
4409:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4387:
4381:
4375:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4346:
4344:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4302:
4293:
4291:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4281:
4276:
4270:
4268:
4261:
4252:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4241:
4235:
4230:
4224:
4222:
4212:
4211:North Borneo *
4205:
4196:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4185:
4182:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4138:
4136:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4055:
4054:
4043:
4037:
4028:
4024:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4012:
4007:
4001:
3995:
3993:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3985:
3983:Umiray Dumaget
3980:
3975:
3969:
3963:
3962:Other branches
3959:
3958:
3956:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3929:
3927:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3896:
3894:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3868:
3866:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3845:
3843:
3837:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3783:
3781:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3705:
3703:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3677:
3675:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3659:
3657:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3621:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3598:
3596:
3595:(unclassified)
3592:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3557:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3451:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3403:
3401:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3355:
3353:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3334:
3321:
3316:
3310:
3308:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3275:
3273:
3264:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3236:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3179:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3161:
3155:
3149:
3143:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3100:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3047:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3024:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2967:
2965:
2963:Cagayan Valley
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2950:
2944:
2938:
2932:
2930:Northern Luzon
2926:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2906:
2904:
2895:
2879:
2878:
2862:
2861:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2801:
2794:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2755:
2750:
2743:
2741:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2714:
2708:
2702:
2697:
2691:
2685:
2679:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2656:
2654:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2619:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2601:
2599:
2589:
2588:
2576:
2575:
2568:
2567:
2560:
2553:
2545:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2512:extinct status
2508:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2460:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2381:
2379:
2370:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2320:
2318:
2310:
2309:
2302:
2301:
2294:
2287:
2279:
2271:
2270:
2240:
2211:
2196:
2181:
2118:
2093:
2068:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2024:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1986:
1983:
1972:
1971:Writing system
1969:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1625:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1586:
1583:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1537:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1510:
1504:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1481:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1454:
1440:
1430:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1406:
1400:
1387:
1386:orthographies.
1379:
1378:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1352:
1349:Roman alphabet
1345:
1344:
1343:
1337:
1327:
1317:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1297:/ means pound.
1217:
1214:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1154:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1062:bwel le-mwungo
1053:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1016:
998:
990:
989:
987:
969:
968:
966:
962:
961:
943:
935:
934:
932:
914:
913:
911:
907:
906:
903:
900:
887:
884:
881:
880:
877:
874:
870:
869:
866:
863:
859:
858:
855:
852:
848:
847:
844:
841:
837:
836:
833:
830:
826:
825:
822:
819:
815:
814:
811:
808:
801:
798:
793:
790:
773:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
756:
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
739:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
722:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
704:
703:
694:
693:
691:
689:
686:
684:
682:
679:
675:
674:
672:
670:
668:
665:
662:
660:
656:
655:
653:
651:
649:
647:
645:
642:
636:
635:
633:
630:
628:
626:
623:
620:
615:
611:
610:
607:
604:
602:
599:
596:
593:
589:
588:
586:
584:
582:
579:
577:
575:
571:
570:
568:
565:
563:
561:
558:
555:
549:
548:
546:
543:
541:
539:
536:
533:
528:
524:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
505:
500:
499:
494:
491:
489:
486:
464:
461:
395:
392:
334:
331:
329:
326:
259:
258:Classification
256:
203:
202:
197:
191:
190:
183:
175:
174:
167:
159:
158:
157:Language codes
154:
153:
140:
137:
134:
133:
129:
128:
126:
125:
124:
123:
122:
121:
120:
119:
118:
117:
116:
115:
83:
81:
74:
71:
70:
67:
64:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
47:
43:
42:
37:
36:Native to
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13494:
13483:
13480:
13478:
13475:
13473:
13470:
13468:
13465:
13463:
13460:
13459:
13457:
13441:
13438:
13435:
13432:
13429:
13426:
13423:
13420:
13417:
13414:
13411:
13408:
13405:
13402:
13399:
13396:
13393:
13390:
13387:
13384:
13381:
13378:
13375:
13372:
13369:
13366:
13363:
13360:
13357:
13354:
13351:
13348:
13345:
13342:
13339:
13336:
13333:
13330:
13327:
13324:
13321:
13318:
13315:
13312:
13309:
13306:
13303:
13300:
13297:
13294:
13291:
13288:
13285:
13284:
13282:
13274:
13264:
13263:
13259:
13257:
13256:
13252:
13251:
13249:
13245:
13239:
13238:
13234:
13233:
13231:
13229:
13225:
13219:
13216:
13215:
13213:
13211:
13207:
13201:
13198:
13196:
13193:
13191:
13188:
13186:
13183:
13182:
13180:
13178:
13174:
13171:
13165:
13155:
13152:
13150:
13147:
13145:
13142:
13140:
13137:
13136:
13134:
13131:
13127:
13123:
13117:
13114:
13112:
13109:
13107:
13104:
13102:
13099:
13097:
13094:
13093:
13091:
13089:
13085:
13079:
13076:
13074:
13071:
13069:
13066:
13064:
13061:
13059:
13056:
13054:
13051:
13050:
13048:
13046:
13042:
13036:
13033:
13031:
13028:
13026:
13023:
13021:
13018:
13016:
13013:
13012:
13010:
13008:
13004:
13001:
12995:
12985:
12982:
12980:
12977:
12975:
12972:
12967:
12966:
12965:
12962:
12961:
12959:
12955:
12946:
12945:
12944:
12943:
12939:
12938:
12934:
12931:
12928:
12925:
12922:
12921:
12919:
12917:
12913:
12910:
12904:
12890:
12889:
12885:
12884:
12881:
12878:
12876:
12873:
12871:
12868:
12867:
12865:
12859:
12853:
12852:
12848:
12846:
12845:
12841:
12840:
12837:
12834:
12832:
12829:
12827:
12824:
12822:
12819:
12817:
12814:
12812:
12809:
12807:
12804:
12803:
12801:
12797:
12794:
12790:
12780:
12777:
12775:
12772:
12770:
12767:
12765:
12762:
12760:
12757:
12755:
12752:
12750:
12747:
12745:
12742:
12740:
12737:
12736:
12734:
12732:
12726:
12720:
12719:
12715:
12713:
12712:
12708:
12706:
12705:
12701:
12699:
12698:
12694:
12692:
12691:
12687:
12685:
12684:
12680:
12678:
12677:
12673:
12671:
12670:
12666:
12664:
12663:
12659:
12658:
12655:
12654:Valley Yokuts
12652:
12650:
12647:
12645:
12642:
12640:
12637:
12636:
12634:
12632:
12628:
12622:
12619:
12617:
12614:
12612:
12609:
12608:
12606:
12604:
12600:
12594:
12591:
12590:
12588:
12586:
12582:
12576:
12575:
12571:
12569:
12568:
12564:
12563:
12560:
12557:
12555:
12552:
12550:
12547:
12545:
12542:
12540:
12537:
12535:
12532:
12530:
12527:
12525:
12522:
12520:
12517:
12515:
12512:
12510:
12507:
12505:
12502:
12500:
12497:
12495:
12492:
12490:
12487:
12486:
12484:
12482:
12478:
12472:
12469:
12468:
12466:
12464:
12460:
12454:
12453:
12449:
12448:
12445:
12442:
12440:
12437:
12435:
12434:Southern Tiwa
12432:
12430:
12427:
12425:
12422:
12420:
12417:
12416:
12414:
12412:
12408:
12402:
12401:
12397:
12395:
12394:
12393:Tutelo-Saponi
12390:
12388:
12387:
12383:
12381:
12380:
12376:
12374:
12373:
12369:
12367:
12366:
12362:
12360:
12359:
12355:
12353:
12352:
12348:
12347:
12344:
12341:
12339:
12336:
12334:
12331:
12329:
12326:
12324:
12321:
12319:
12316:
12314:
12311:
12309:
12306:
12304:
12301:
12299:
12296:
12294:
12291:
12290:
12288:
12286:
12282:
12276:
12275:
12271:
12269:
12268:
12264:
12262:
12261:
12257:
12255:
12254:
12250:
12248:
12247:
12243:
12242:
12239:
12236:
12234:
12231:
12229:
12226:
12224:
12221:
12219:
12216:
12214:
12211:
12209:
12206:
12204:
12201:
12199:
12196:
12194:
12191:
12189:
12188:Coeur d'Alene
12186:
12185:
12183:
12181:
12177:
12171:
12170:
12169:Northern Pomo
12166:
12164:
12163:
12159:
12158:
12155:
12154:Southern Pomo
12152:
12150:
12147:
12145:
12142:
12140:
12137:
12135:
12132:
12131:
12129:
12127:
12123:
12117:
12116:
12112:
12110:
12109:
12105:
12104:
12101:
12098:
12096:
12093:
12092:
12090:
12088:
12084:
12078:
12077:
12073:
12072:
12069:
12066:
12065:
12063:
12061:
12057:
12051:
12050:
12046:
12045:
12042:
12039:
12037:
12034:
12032:
12029:
12027:
12024:
12022:
12019:
12017:
12014:
12013:
12011:
12009:
12005:
11999:
11998:
11994:
11993:
11990:
11987:
11985:
11982:
11980:
11977:
11976:
11974:
11972:
11968:
11962:Laguna Pueblo
11961:
11958:
11956:Western Keres
11955:
11952:
11949:
11946:
11945:
11943:
11941:
11937:
11931:
11930:
11926:
11924:
11923:
11919:
11917:
11916:
11912:
11911:
11909:
11907:
11906:
11901:
11895:
11894:
11890:
11888:
11887:
11886:Susquehannock
11883:
11881:
11880:
11876:
11874:
11873:
11872:Neutral Huron
11869:
11867:
11866:
11862:
11861:
11858:
11855:
11853:
11850:
11848:
11845:
11843:
11840:
11838:
11835:
11833:
11830:
11828:
11825:
11823:
11820:
11818:
11815:
11814:
11812:
11810:
11806:
11800:
11799:Chevak Cup’ik
11797:
11795:
11792:
11790:
11787:
11785:
11782:
11780:
11777:
11775:
11772:
11770:
11767:
11766:
11764:
11762:
11758:
11752:
11751:
11747:
11745:
11744:
11740:
11738:
11737:
11733:
11731:
11730:
11726:
11724:
11723:
11722:Plains Apache
11719:
11717:
11716:
11712:
11710:
11709:
11705:
11703:
11702:
11698:
11696:
11695:
11691:
11689:
11688:
11684:
11682:
11681:
11677:
11676:
11673:
11670:
11668:
11665:
11663:
11660:
11658:
11655:
11653:
11650:
11648:
11645:
11643:
11640:
11638:
11635:
11633:
11630:
11628:
11625:
11623:
11620:
11618:
11615:
11613:
11610:
11608:
11605:
11603:
11600:
11598:
11595:
11594:
11592:
11590:
11584:
11578:
11577:
11573:
11571:
11570:
11566:
11564:
11563:
11559:
11557:
11556:
11552:
11550:
11549:
11545:
11544:
11542:
11540:
11539:
11534:
11528:
11527:Upper Chinook
11525:
11523:
11520:
11518:
11515:
11514:
11512:
11510:
11506:
11500:
11499:
11495:
11494:
11491:
11488:
11486:
11483:
11481:
11478:
11477:
11475:
11473:
11469:
11463:
11460:
11458:
11455:
11453:
11450:
11448:
11445:
11443:
11440:
11439:
11437:
11435:
11431:
11425:
11424:
11420:
11418:
11417:
11413:
11411:
11410:
11406:
11404:
11403:
11399:
11397:
11396:
11392:
11390:
11389:
11385:
11383:
11382:
11378:
11376:
11375:
11371:
11369:
11368:
11364:
11362:
11361:
11357:
11355:
11354:
11353:Nawathinehena
11350:
11348:
11347:
11343:
11341:
11340:
11336:
11334:
11333:
11329:
11328:
11325:
11322:
11320:
11317:
11315:
11312:
11310:
11307:
11305:
11302:
11300:
11297:
11295:
11292:
11290:
11287:
11285:
11282:
11280:
11277:
11275:
11272:
11270:
11267:
11265:
11262:
11260:
11257:
11255:
11252:
11251:
11249:
11247:
11243:
11240:
11236:
11233:
11231:
11225:
11215:
11212:
11210:
11207:
11205:
11202:
11200:
11197:
11195:
11192:
11190:
11187:
11185:
11184:Texan English
11182:
11178:
11175:
11174:
11173:
11170:
11168:
11165:
11163:
11160:
11158:
11155:
11153:
11150:
11148:
11145:
11143:
11140:
11138:
11135:
11133:
11130:
11128:
11125:
11123:
11120:
11116:
11113:
11111:
11108:
11107:
11106:
11103:
11101:
11098:
11096:
11095:Maine English
11093:
11091:
11090:Miami English
11088:
11086:
11083:
11081:
11078:
11076:
11073:
11071:
11068:
11066:
11063:
11061:
11060:Cajun English
11058:
11056:
11053:
11051:
11048:
11046:
11043:
11041:
11038:
11034:
11031:
11030:
11029:
11026:
11025:
11022:
11018:
11012:
11009:
11007:
11003:
10998:
10995:Languages in
10992:
10988:
10981:
10976:
10974:
10969:
10967:
10962:
10961:
10958:
10945:
10941:
10938:
10935:
10934:
10930:
10892:
10889:
10887:
10884:
10881:
10878:
10877:
10875:
10873:
10869:
10859:
10856:
10854:
10851:
10849:
10846:
10844:
10841:
10839:
10836:
10834:
10831:
10829:
10826:
10824:
10821:
10819:
10816:
10814:
10811:
10810:
10808:
10804:
10798:
10795:
10793:
10790:
10788:
10785:
10783:
10780:
10778:
10775:
10773:
10770:
10768:
10765:
10760:
10757:
10756:
10755:
10752:
10750:
10747:
10745:
10742:
10740:
10737:
10735:
10732:
10731:
10729:
10725:
10719:
10716:
10714:
10711:
10708:
10705:
10704:
10702:
10700:
10696:
10690:
10687:
10685:
10682:
10680:
10677:
10675:
10672:
10670:
10667:
10665:
10662:
10660:
10657:
10655:
10652:
10651:
10648:
10645:
10643:
10637:
10634:
10632:
10628:
10622:
10619:
10617:
10614:
10612:
10609:
10607:
10604:
10603:
10600:
10597:
10593:
10587:
10584:
10582:
10579:
10577:
10574:
10573:
10571:
10567:
10564:
10562:
10556:
10538:
10535:
10533:
10530:
10528:
10525:
10523:
10520:
10519:
10517:
10515:
10511:
10505:
10502:
10500:
10497:
10495:
10492:
10490:
10487:
10485:
10482:
10480:
10477:
10475:
10472:
10470:
10467:
10465:
10462:
10460:
10457:
10454:
10451:
10449:
10446:
10444:
10441:
10440:
10438:
10436:
10432:
10429:
10427:
10421:
10415:
10412:
10410:
10407:
10405:
10402:
10401:
10398:
10395:
10389:
10383:
10380:
10379:
10376:
10373:
10371:
10367:
10345:
10342:
10339:
10336:
10334:
10331:
10329:
10326:
10324:
10321:
10319:
10316:
10314:
10311:
10309:
10306:
10304:
10301:
10299:
10296:
10294:
10291:
10289:
10286:
10284:
10281:
10279:
10276:
10274:
10271:
10269:
10266:
10264:
10261:
10259:
10256:
10255:
10253:
10249:
10242:
10239:
10237:
10234:
10232:
10229:
10227:
10224:
10222:
10219:
10217:
10214:
10212:
10209:
10207:
10204:
10202:
10199:
10197:
10194:
10192:
10189:
10188:
10186:
10182:
10179:
10175:
10169:
10166:
10164:
10161:
10159:
10156:
10155:
10153:
10149:
10146:
10144:New Caledonia
10140:
10130:
10127:
10126:
10123:
10117:
10114:
10112:
10109:
10107:
10104:
10102:
10099:
10097:
10094:
10093:
10091:
10087:
10080:
10077:
10075:
10072:
10069:
10066:
10064:
10061:
10060:
10058:
10054:
10051:
10049:
10048:South Vanuatu
10045:
10035:
10032:
10030:
10027:
10025:
10022:
10020:
10017:
10015:
10012:
10010:
10007:
10005:
10002:
10000:
9997:
9995:
9992:
9990:
9987:
9985:
9982:
9980:
9977:
9975:
9974:Port Sandwich
9972:
9970:
9967:
9965:
9962:
9960:
9957:
9955:
9952:
9950:
9947:
9945:
9942:
9940:
9937:
9935:
9932:
9930:
9927:
9925:
9922:
9920:
9917:
9915:
9912:
9910:
9907:
9905:
9902:
9900:
9897:
9895:
9892:
9890:
9887:
9885:
9882:
9880:
9877:
9875:
9872:
9870:
9867:
9865:
9862:
9860:
9857:
9855:
9852:
9850:
9847:
9846:
9844:
9842:
9838:
9832:
9829:
9827:
9824:
9822:
9819:
9817:
9814:
9812:
9809:
9807:
9804:
9803:
9801:
9799:
9795:
9789:
9786:
9784:
9781:
9779:
9776:
9774:
9771:
9769:
9766:
9764:
9761:
9759:
9756:
9754:
9751:
9749:
9746:
9744:
9741:
9739:
9736:
9734:
9731:
9730:
9728:
9726:
9720:
9717:
9709:
9699:
9696:
9694:
9691:
9689:
9686:
9684:
9681:
9679:
9676:
9674:
9671:
9669:
9666:
9664:
9661:
9659:
9656:
9654:
9651:
9649:
9646:
9644:
9641:
9637:
9634:
9633:
9632:
9629:
9627:
9624:
9621:
9618:
9616:
9613:
9612:
9610:
9608:
9604:
9597:
9594:
9592:
9589:
9587:
9584:
9582:
9579:
9578:
9576:
9572:
9566:
9563:
9561:
9558:
9556:
9553:
9551:
9548:
9546:
9543:
9541:
9538:
9537:
9535:
9529:
9523:
9520:
9517:
9514:
9512:
9509:
9507:
9504:
9502:
9499:
9497:
9494:
9492:
9489:
9487:
9484:
9482:
9479:
9477:
9474:
9472:
9469:
9467:
9464:
9462:
9459:
9457:
9454:
9452:
9449:
9447:
9444:
9442:
9439:
9438:
9436:
9434:
9430:
9427:
9425:
9419:
9416:
9414:
9408:
9394:
9391:
9389:
9386:
9385:
9383:
9379:
9373:
9370:
9368:
9365:
9363:
9360:
9358:
9355:
9354:
9352:
9348:
9342:
9339:
9337:
9334:
9332:
9329:
9327:
9324:
9322:
9319:
9317:
9314:
9312:
9309:
9307:
9304:
9302:
9299:
9297:
9294:
9292:
9289:
9287:
9284:
9282:
9279:
9277:
9274:
9272:
9269:
9267:
9264:
9262:
9259:
9257:
9254:
9252:
9249:
9247:
9244:
9242:
9239:
9237:
9234:
9232:
9229:
9227:
9224:
9222:
9219:
9217:
9214:
9212:
9209:
9207:
9204:
9202:
9199:
9197:
9194:
9192:
9189:
9187:
9184:
9182:
9179:
9177:
9174:
9172:
9169:
9167:
9164:
9162:
9159:
9157:
9154:
9152:
9149:
9147:
9144:
9143:
9141:
9137:
9134:
9132:
9128:
9118:
9115:
9113:
9110:
9108:
9105:
9103:
9100:
9098:
9095:
9093:
9090:
9088:
9085:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9063:
9060:
9058:
9055:
9053:
9050:
9048:
9045:
9043:
9040:
9038:
9037:Lesing-Gelimi
9035:
9033:
9030:
9028:
9025:
9023:
9020:
9018:
9015:
9013:
9010:
9008:
9005:
9003:
9000:
8998:
8995:
8992:
8989:
8987:
8984:
8982:
8979:
8977:
8974:
8972:
8969:
8967:
8964:
8962:
8959:
8957:
8954:
8952:
8949:
8947:
8944:
8942:
8939:
8937:
8934:
8932:
8929:
8927:
8924:
8922:
8919:
8917:
8914:
8912:
8909:
8907:
8904:
8902:
8899:
8898:
8896:
8894:
8890:
8884:
8881:
8879:
8876:
8874:
8871:
8869:
8866:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8854:
8851:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8829:
8826:
8824:
8821:
8819:
8816:
8814:
8811:
8809:
8806:
8804:
8801:
8799:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8779:
8776:
8774:
8771:
8768:
8765:
8763:
8760:
8758:
8755:
8753:
8750:
8749:
8747:
8745:
8741:
8735:
8732:
8730:
8727:
8725:
8722:
8720:
8717:
8715:
8712:
8710:
8707:
8705:
8702:
8700:
8697:
8695:
8692:
8690:
8687:
8685:
8682:
8680:
8677:
8675:
8672:
8670:
8667:
8665:
8662:
8661:
8659:
8657:
8653:
8647:
8644:
8642:
8639:
8637:
8634:
8632:
8629:
8627:
8624:
8622:
8619:
8617:
8614:
8612:
8609:
8607:
8604:
8602:
8599:
8597:
8594:
8592:
8589:
8587:
8584:
8583:
8581:
8578:
8572:
8569:
8567:
8561:
8547:
8544:
8543:
8540:
8534:
8531:
8529:
8526:
8524:
8521:
8519:
8516:
8514:
8511:
8508:
8505:
8503:
8500:
8498:
8495:
8493:
8490:
8488:
8485:
8483:
8480:
8478:
8475:
8473:
8470:
8468:
8465:
8463:
8460:
8458:
8455:
8453:
8450:
8448:
8445:
8443:
8440:
8438:
8435:
8433:
8430:
8428:
8425:
8423:
8420:
8417:
8414:
8412:
8409:
8407:
8404:
8401:
8398:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8388:
8386:
8383:
8381:
8378:
8376:
8373:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8363:
8361:
8358:
8356:
8353:
8351:
8348:
8347:
8345:
8343:
8337:
8331:
8328:
8326:
8323:
8321:
8318:
8316:
8313:
8311:
8308:
8306:
8303:
8301:
8298:
8296:
8293:
8291:
8288:
8286:
8283:
8281:
8278:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8262:
8261:
8259:
8255:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8235:
8233:
8229:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8209:
8207:
8203:
8197:
8194:
8192:
8189:
8187:
8184:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8169:
8168:
8166:
8162:
8159:
8151:
8145:
8142:
8140:
8137:
8136:
8134:
8130:
8124:
8121:
8119:
8116:
8114:
8111:
8109:
8106:
8105:
8103:
8099:
8096:
8094:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8077:
8067:
8064:
8062:
8059:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8029:
8027:
8024:
8022:
8019:
8017:
8014:
8012:
8009:
8006:
8003:
8001:
7998:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7967:
7965:
7963:San Cristobal
7959:
7953:
7950:
7948:
7945:
7943:
7940:
7938:
7935:
7933:
7930:
7928:
7925:
7923:
7920:
7919:
7917:
7913:
7910:
7908:
7902:
7889:
7886:
7885:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7870:
7868:
7866:
7862:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7843:
7842:
7840:
7836:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7820:
7817:
7816:
7814:
7810:
7807:
7805:
7801:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7787:
7786:
7784:
7782:
7778:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7758:
7755:
7752:
7749:
7746:
7743:
7742:
7740:
7736:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7717:
7715:
7712:
7709:
7706:
7704:
7701:
7699:
7696:
7695:
7693:
7689:
7682:
7679:
7678:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7666:
7663:
7661:
7657:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7629:
7627:
7623:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7599:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7563:
7561:
7559:
7555:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7530:
7528:
7526:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7513:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7469:
7467:
7465:
7461:
7455:
7452:
7451:
7449:
7445:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7430:
7428:
7424:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7409:
7407:
7403:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7388:
7386:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7376:Halmahera Sea
7373:
7366:
7363:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7344:
7341:
7340:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7328:
7324:
7320:
7315:
7311:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7185:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7153:
7150:
7149:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7137:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7081:
7078:
7075:
7071:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7049:
7046:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7024:
7022:
7018:
7012:
7009:
7008:
7005:
7002:
6999:
6995:
6989:
6986:
6985:
6983:
6981:Kowiai ?
6979:
6968:
6965:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6948:
6946:
6942:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6887:
6885:
6883:
6879:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6829:
6827:
6825:
6821:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6790:
6788:
6784:
6777:
6774:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6752:
6750:
6748:
6744:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6724:
6722:
6718:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6693:
6691:
6687:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6667:
6664:
6661:
6658:
6654:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6589:
6587:
6585:
6581:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6537:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6522:
6520:
6518:
6514:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6478:South Lembata
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6450:
6448:
6444:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6429:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6417:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6338:
6336:
6332:
6320:
6317:
6316:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6271:
6269:
6267:
6263:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6248:
6246:
6244:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6222:
6216:
6213:
6212:
6210:
6206:
6202:
6198:
6193:
6189:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6166:
6164:
6160:
6150:
6147:
6146:
6143:
6133:
6130:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6115:
6112:
6111:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6101:
6099:
6095:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6065:
6063:
6059:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6034:
6032:
6030:Massenrempulu
6028:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6013:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6001:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5977:
5975:
5973:
5969:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5947:Budong-Budong
5945:
5944:
5942:
5940:
5936:
5933:
5931:Seko–Badaic *
5929:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5912:Coastal Konjo
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5899:
5897:
5895:
5891:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5851:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5807:
5805:
5803:
5799:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5745:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5733:
5730:
5728:Kaili–Wolio *
5726:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5660:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5623:
5621:
5617:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5560:
5558:
5554:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5484:
5482:
5480:
5479:Bungku–Tolaki
5476:
5473:
5471:
5467:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5447:
5445:
5443:
5437:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5422:
5420:
5416:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5392:
5389:
5388:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5377:
5371:
5368:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5356:
5354:
5350:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5332:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5284:
5280:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5248:
5245:
5244:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5230:
5227:
5223:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5195:
5189:
5186:
5185:
5183:
5181:Rejang ?
5179:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5155:
5154:Old Sundanese
5152:
5151:
5150:
5147:
5146:
5144:
5140:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5110:Sarawak Malay
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5080:Orang Seletar
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4936:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4905:
4903:
4901:
4897:
4894:
4890:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4853:Cham dialects
4851:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4843:
4841:
4837:
4834:
4830:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4756:
4752:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4693:
4689:
4682:
4679:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4593:
4589:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4488:North Sarawak
4485:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4408:
4404:
4398:
4395:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4385:
4382:
4376:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4343:
4339:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4300:Central Dusun
4298:
4297:
4296:Kadazandusun
4295:
4294:
4292:
4290:
4286:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4274:Brunei Bisaya
4272:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4262:
4256:
4253:
4250:
4246:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4216:
4213:
4209:
4206:
4203:
4197:
4188:
4183:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4131:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4032:
4029:
4025:
4011:
4008:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3999:Inagta Alabat
3997:
3996:
3994:
3992:Manide–Alabat
3990:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3967:
3964:
3960:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3922:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3889:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3838:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3776:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3698:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3593:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3456:
3455:Old Cebuano †
3452:
3449:
3445:
3444:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3364:Central Bikol
3362:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3257:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3147:Central Luzon
3144:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3034:
3033:Southern Alta
3031:
3029:
3028:Northern Alta
3026:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2854:
2850:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2718:
2717:Papora-Hoanya
2715:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2672:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2566:
2561:
2559:
2554:
2552:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2363:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2300:
2295:
2293:
2288:
2286:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2266:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2236:
2230:
2222:
2215:
2207:
2200:
2192:
2185:
2171:on 2019-04-12
2167:
2162:
2157:
2150:
2149:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2035:
2034:j.ctv9hvsnv.1
2031:
2027:
2025:9780824881931
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2001:
2000:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1582:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1545:
1538:
1535:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1500:mwææl + kkaal
1496:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1462:
1455:
1452:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1152:
1149:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1068:begins to eat
1066:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1051:
1048:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1001:
996:
993:
988:
985:
982:
979:
975:
972:
967:
964:
963:
959:
956:
953:
949:
946:
941:
938:
933:
930:
927:
924:
920:
917:
912:
909:
908:
904:
901:
899:
898:
895:
893:
879:He is eating
878:
875:
872:
871:
867:
864:
861:
860:
856:
853:
850:
849:
845:
842:
839:
838:
834:
831:
828:
827:
823:
820:
817:
816:
812:
810:Reduplication
809:
806:
805:
797:
789:
779:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
757:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
740:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
723:
719:
716:
713:
710:
708:
707:
701:
700:
699:
692:
690:
687:
685:
683:
680:
676:
673:
671:
669:
666:
663:
661:
657:
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
643:
638:
637:
634:
631:
629:
627:
624:
621:
616:
612:
608:
605:
603:
600:
597:
594:
590:
587:
585:
583:
580:
578:
576:
572:
569:
566:
564:
562:
559:
556:
553:labial/voiced
551:
550:
547:
544:
542:
540:
537:
534:
529:
525:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
497:
496:
485:
481:
479:
475:
469:
460:
457:
451:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
391:
387:
384:
380:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
347:Austronesians
344:
340:
333:Early history
325:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
255:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
201:
198:
196:
192:
188:
184:
182:
181:
176:
172:
168:
165:
160:
155:
152:
141:
135:
130:
114:
111:
110:
109:
106:
105:
103:
102:
101:
98:
97:
96:
93:
92:
91:
88:
87:
86:
82:
78:
72:
68:
62:
59:
56:
52:
48:
44:
41:
38:
34:
30:
25:
20:
13260:
13253:
13235:
13227:
13116:Sabine River
13111:Puerto Rican
13063:Plautdietsch
12997:Oral settler
12940:
12888:Mohawk Dutch
12886:
12849:
12842:
12718:Plains Miwok
12716:
12709:
12702:
12695:
12688:
12681:
12674:
12667:
12660:
12572:
12565:
12450:
12398:
12391:
12384:
12377:
12370:
12363:
12356:
12349:
12272:
12265:
12258:
12251:
12244:
12167:
12160:
12139:Eastern Pomo
12134:Central Pomo
12113:
12106:
12074:
12047:
11995:
11959:Acoma Pueblo
11927:
11920:
11913:
11903:
11891:
11884:
11877:
11870:
11863:
11748:
11743:Upper Umpqua
11741:
11734:
11727:
11720:
11713:
11706:
11699:
11692:
11685:
11678:
11667:Upper Tanana
11637:Lower Tanana
11574:
11567:
11560:
11553:
11546:
11536:
11496:
11451:
11434:Austronesian
11421:
11414:
11407:
11400:
11393:
11388:Narragansett
11386:
11379:
11372:
11365:
11358:
11351:
11344:
11337:
11330:
11289:Massachusett
11015:Dialects of
10999:are extinct.
10996:
10942:† indicates
10707:Niuatoputapu
10442:
9531:Maewo–Ambae–
9433:Torres–Banks
9381:Nimoa–Sudest
8893:Ngero–Vitiaz
8853:Mangga Buang
8664:Arop-Sissano
8164:Tungag–Nalik
8153:New Ireland–
7789:Mussau-Emira
7516:Cenderawasih
7253:Seit-Kaitetu
6540:Kei–Tanimbar
6225:Sumba–Flores
5736:Kaili–Pamona
5085:Pahang Malay
4984:Bangka Malay
4892:Iban–Malayan
4778:Bukar–Sadong
4517:Wahau Kenyah
4355:Kinabatangan
4267:Bisaya–Lotud
4202:North Borneo
3384:Pandan Bikol
2976:Cagayan Agta
2947:Dicamay Agta
2529:
2510:† indicates
2424:
2264:
2220:
2214:
2205:
2199:
2190:
2184:
2173:. Retrieved
2166:the original
2161:10125/100894
2147:
2109:. Retrieved
2105:
2102:"Carolinian"
2096:
2084:. Retrieved
2080:
2071:
2058:
2050:
2006:
1974:
1588:
1579:
1567:
1554:
1542:e uri ghisch
1539:
1529:
1512:
1506:
1494:
1483:
1473:
1456:
1446:
1442:
1432:
1426:
1408:
1402:
1392:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1339:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1180:
1168:
1165:
1163:e-bwe mwungo
1162:
1158:
1155:
1150:
1147:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1093:
1091:{he-not yet}
1090:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1049:
1046:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1002:
999:
994:
991:
983:
980:
977:
973:
970:
957:
954:
951:
947:
944:
939:
936:
928:
925:
922:
918:
915:
889:
876:e mwumwmwuŋo
854:e sissiliils
832:e xaxxasulis
795:
780:
776:
697:
482:
470:
466:
452:
428:
397:
394:Late history
388:
375:
357:official on
336:
289:
288:
261:
207:
206:
178:
112:
85:Austronesian
13346:Hindi (0.9)
13154:Angloromani
13106:New Mexican
13035:New England
12676:Coast Miwok
12549:Tübatulabal
12481:Uto-Aztecan
12463:Tsimshianic
12452:Piro Pueblo
12372:Mitchigamea
12328:Omaha–Ponca
12293:Assiniboine
12208:Lushootseed
12060:Palaihnihan
11893:Wenrohronon
11589:Yeniseian?)
11452:Refaluwasch
11339:Gros Ventre
10674:Ontong Java
10532:Pingelapese
10459:Mortlockese
10414:Marshallese
10393:Micronesian
10370:Micronesian
10106:North Tanna
10079:Utaha / Ifo
9733:North Efate
9653:Merei-Tiale
8858:Mapos Buang
7405:Maya–Matbat
7223:Sepa-Teluti
6900:North Babar
6852:Dela-Oenale
6574:Uruangnirin
5962:Seko Tengah
5957:Seko Padang
5902:Makassarese
5874:Campalagian
5610:Tukang Besi
5366:Lampung Api
5363:Lampung Nyo
5125:Urak Lawoiʼ
5105:Reman Malay
5095:Perak Malay
5075:Orang Kanaq
5030:Kutai Malay
5019:Kedah Malay
5009:Jambi Malay
4979:Berau Malay
4959:Minangkabau
4840:Aceh–Chamic
4665:Punan Merap
4360:Abai Sungai
3686:Maguindanao
3645:Taawʼt Bato
3518:Romblomanon
3369:Isarog Agta
3359:Albay Bikol
3330:Old Tagalog
3319:Kasiguranin
3166:(Remontado)
3164:Hatang Kayi
3159:Kapampangan
2524:‹ The
2469:Pingelapese
2435:Mortlockese
2356:Marshallese
2335:Micronesian
1384:Micronesian
1255:/ the form
1190:Mortlockese
1166:he-will eat
1013:is a doctor
720:Diphthongs
592:Fricatives
557:bʷˠ, (pʷˠ)
447:Mortlockese
367:Philippines
290:Carolinian,
276:Carolinians
250:, 74% with
246:; 78% with
244:Mortlockese
242:; 81% with
234:, 88% with
100:Micronesian
58:Carolinians
29:Refaluwasch
13456:Categories
13367:Urdu (0.5)
13335:Portuguese
13305:Vietnamese
13195:Protactile
13177:Francosign
12844:Chitimacha
12697:Lake Miwok
12198:Halkomelem
11694:Holikachuk
11569:Purisimeño
11314:Potawatomi
11033:Vernacular
10858:West Uvean
10843:Rennellese
10642:Polynesian
10631:Polynesian
10479:Satawalese
10474:Puluwatese
10443:Carolinian
10404:Gilbertese
10142:Loyalties–
9914:Maskelynes
9869:Big Nambas
9560:Sun̄wadaga
9156:Bwanabwana
9131:Papuan Tip
9067:Arop-Lukep
8679:Ulau-Suain
8566:New Guinea
8365:Cheke Holo
8320:Sursurunga
8295:Lungalunga
8257:St. George
8093:Melanesian
8005:Marau Wawa
7703:Baluan-Pam
7606:Serui-Laut
7384:Ambel–Biga
6951:East Damar
6890:West Damar
6468:Lewo Eleng
6284:Anakalangu
6234:Sumba–Hawu
5825:Ledo Kaili
5802:Wotu–Wolio
5580:Kaimbulawa
5557:Muna–Buton
5512:Mori Bawah
5440:Bali–Sasak
5407:Tenggerese
5397:Banyumasan
5321:Mandailing
5311:Simalungun
5225:Sumatran *
5170:Cirebonese
5055:Orang Laut
4952:Indonesian
4755:Land Dayak
4740:Krio Dayak
4635:Punan Batu
4512:Umaʼ Lasan
4134:Sama–Bajaw
4004:Katabangan
3953:Tontemboan
3749:Matigsalug
3714:Ata Manobo
3533:Surigaonon
3468:Hiligaynon
3417:Bantayanon
3338:Batangueño
3262:Philippine
3213:Mariveleño
3129:Pangasinan
2887:Philippine
2628:Kanakanavu
2430:Satawalese
2425:Carolinian
2410:Puluwatese
2351:Gilbertese
2175:2015-08-02
2081:Ethnologue
2060:Ethnologue
2055:Carolinian
2042:References
1507:mual kelal
1202:Satawalese
1183:Satawalese
1177:Vocabulary
1084:he-not yet
821:e lollokka
800:Morphology
574:Affricate
322:Micronesia
314:Puluwatese
306:Satawalese
240:Puluwatese
232:Satawalese
208:Carolinian
200:Carolinian
113:Carolinian
22:Carolinian
13169:languages
13149:Spanglish
13132:languages
13058:Hutterite
13015:Louisiana
12999:languages
12916:Hand Talk
12908:languages
12863:Languages
12711:Palewyami
12662:Bay Miwok
12631:Yuk-Utian
12509:Kitanemuk
12343:Winnebago
12267:Tillamook
12095:Nez Perce
12049:Apalachee
12021:Chickasaw
12008:Muskogean
11905:Kalapuyan
11852:Tuscarora
11809:Iroquoian
11652:Tanacross
11627:Jicarilla
11602:Deg Xinag
11576:Ventureño
11548:Barbareño
11538:Chumashan
11517:Kathlamet
11509:Chinookan
11462:Tokelauan
11381:Nanticoke
11294:Menominee
11264:Blackfoot
11230:languages
10880:Niuafoʻou
10838:Pukapukan
10833:Mele-Fila
10797:Tuamotuan
10767:Marquesan
10749:Mangareva
10718:Tokelauan
10621:Lomaiviti
10537:Pohnpeian
10527:Ngatikese
10464:Namonuito
10056:Erromango
9984:Sörsörian
9909:Malua Bay
9894:Lendamboi
9884:Bwenelang
9783:Port Vato
9773:Lonwolwol
9768:Dalkalaen
9668:Shark Bay
9565:Sun̄wadia
9331:Yakaikeke
9281:Gapapaiwa
9146:ʼAuhelawa
9077:Malasanga
8976:Mouk-Aria
8931:Awad Bing
8921:Malalamai
8798:Maralango
8773:Aribwaung
8767:Aribwatsa
8744:Huon Gulf
8596:Kayupulau
8375:Ghanongga
8360:Blablanga
8342:Solomonic
8340:Northwest
8310:Ramoaaina
8300:Niwer Mil
8274:Guramalum
8269:Fanamaket
8176:Laxudumau
8157:Solomonic
8155:Northwest
8132:Bali-Vitu
8101:Willaumez
8046:Gulaʼalaa
8011:Toʼabaita
8007: ? †
7907:Solomonic
7905:Southeast
7829:Tanimbili
7669:Admiralty
7625:Southwest
7359:Warembori
7274:Nusa Laut
7178:Yalahatan
6824:Rote–Meto
6747:Kawaimina
6530:Seluwasan
6453:Lamaholot
6446:Lamaholot
6346:Manggarai
6104:Kalumpang
6088:Ulumandaʼ
6052:Malimpung
5672:Balaesang
5585:Kumbewaha
5517:Mori Atas
5487:Bahonsuai
5352:Lampungic
5165:Bantenese
5149:Sundanese
5142:Sundanese
4947:Malaysian
4929:Seberuang
4808:Semandang
4615:Daro-Matu
4460:Kalabakan
4435:Sembakung
4380:Murutic *
4350:Tombonuwo
4260:Dusunic *
3943:Tonsawang
3925:Minahasan
3910:Sangirese
3849:Agutaynen
3822:Ponosakan
3817:Mongondow
3807:Kaidipang
3802:Gorontalo
3759:Sarangani
3739:Kagayanen
3617:Palawanic
3561:Davawenyo
3508:Porohanon
3493:Masbateño
3483:Karolanos
3432:Caluyanon
3389:Rinconada
3307:Tagalogic
3193:Mag-antsi
3119:Kalanguya
3081:Kankanaey
2740:Kavalanic
2711:Favorlang
2674:Northwest
2479:Ngatikese
2474:Pohnpeian
2415:Namonuito
2229:cite book
1515:mual keue
1187:Woleaian-
1115:eaten yet
1094:he hasn't
1055:le-mwungo
1050:aspectual
1010:he doctor
958:is crying
644:mʷˠ mʷˠː
513:Retroflex
493:Phonology
431:Americans
429:When the
345:were the
180:Glottolog
164:ISO 639-3
54:Ethnicity
13416:Armenian
13389:Gujarati
13383:Japanese
13247:Isolates
13073:Alsatian
13025:Missouri
12957:Isolates
12799:Isolates
12759:Maricopa
12754:Kumeyaay
12585:Wakashan
12544:Timbisha
12539:Shoshoni
12504:Kawaiisu
12499:Ivilyuat
12489:Comanche
12260:Quinault
12233:Thompson
12223:Okanagan
12213:Nooksack
12180:Salishan
12100:Sahaptin
12076:Atsugewi
12068:Achumawi
12041:Muscogee
12036:Mikasuki
11929:Yoncalla
11879:Nottoway
11837:Onondaga
11822:Cherokee
11761:Eskaleut
11729:Tsetsaut
11612:Gwich’in
11607:Dena'ina
11562:Obispeño
11447:Hawaiian
11442:Chamorro
11402:Powhatan
11332:Etchemin
11269:Cheyenne
11238:Families
10792:Tahitian
10787:Rapa Nui
10744:Hawaiian
10689:Tuvaluan
10679:Sikaiana
10664:Nukumanu
10611:Gone Dau
10522:Mokilese
10514:Pohnpeic
10504:Woleaian
10499:Ulithian
10484:Sonsorol
10448:Chuukese
10426:Pohnpeic
10424:Chuukic–
10409:Kosraean
10338:Waamwang
10288:Hmwaveke
10251:Northern
10236:Xârâgurè
10206:Ndrumbea
10184:Southern
10129:Aneityum
9954:Neverver
9924:Nasarian
9904:Malfaxal
9899:Litzlitz
9859:Aveteian
9841:Malakula
9723:Central
9713:Southern
9688:Tolomako
9683:Tasiriki
9411:Southern
9362:Kilivila
9341:Gumawana
9316:Minaveha
9291:Kaninuwa
9251:Sewa Bay
9221:Boselewa
9211:Maiadomu
9206:Koluwawa
9196:Iamalele
9186:Bwaidoka
9181:Wagawaga
9082:Mur Pano
9042:Mangseng
9002:Sengseng
8818:Silisili
8656:Schouten
8606:Masimasi
8577:Jayapura
8447:Papapana
8432:Mono-Alu
8400:Kazukuru
8350:Babatana
8305:Patpatar
8285:Konomala
8118:Meramera
8061:ꞋAreꞌare
8036:Kwaraʼae
8026:Fataleka
8016:Baelelea
7961:Malaita–
7838:Vanikoro
7637:Yerisiam
7258:Kamarian
7213:Wakasihu
7188:Piru Bay
7168:Manusela
7140:Nunusaku
7109:Masiwang
7099:Watubela
7042:Hukumina
7011:Teor-Kur
6925:Emplawas
6867:Uab Meto
6701:Tukudede
6642:Tarangan
6632:Manombai
6488:Lewotobi
6483:Lamalera
6463:Lamatuka
6391:Nagé-Kéo
6371:Wae Rana
6299:Baliledo
6289:Wanukaka
6169:Chamorro
6162:Isolates
6149:Lemolang
6126:Talondoʼ
6042:Enrekang
6004:Northern
5952:Panasuan
5894:Makassar
5869:Buginese
5683:Dampelas
5648:Bobongko
5633:Balantak
5590:Lasalimu
5565:Bonerate
5537:Tomadino
5527:Rahambuu
5507:Moronene
5502:Kulisusu
5450:Balinese
5442:–Sumbawa
5425:Madurese
5418:Madurese
5386:Javanese
5379:Javanese
5370:Komering
5273:Simeulue
5258:Mentawai
5198:Moklenic
4989:Bengkulu
4913:Keninjal
4848:Acehnese
4818:Benyaduʼ
4803:Kembayan
4798:Jangkang
4788:Tringgus
4720:Hovongan
4538:Lundayeh
4430:Selungai
4425:Keningau
4365:Serudung
4342:Paitanic
4119:Ampanang
4109:Bakumpai
4089:Lawangan
4079:Maʼanyan
4074:Balangan
4047:Malagasy
3892:Sangiric
3841:Kalamian
3787:Bintauna
3764:Tagabawa
3729:Higaonon
3640:Palawano
3553:Mansakan
3513:Ratagnon
3473:Kabalian
3448:Boholano
3437:Capiznon
3427:Butuanon
3314:Filipino
3250:Tadyawan
3208:Mag-indi
3175:Sambalic
3104:Bugkalot
3051:Balangao
2894:) ?
2790:Siraiyac
2780:Sakizaya
2683:Saisiyat
2676:Formosan
2652:Atayalic
2643:Northern
2526:template
2464:Mokilese
2456:Pohnpeic
2405:Ulithian
2400:Woleaian
2395:Chuukese
2385:Sonsorol
2368:Pohnpeic
2366:Chuukic–
2346:Kosraean
1985:See also
1978:Chamorro
1585:Alphabet
1575:Chamorro
1571:Marianas
1532:e weriei
1495:mual kal
1356:Chamorro
1308:Chamorro
1304:Chamorro
1233:Chamorro
1228:Chamorro
955:he cries
865:e sossoŋ
843:e tottou
659:Liquids
522:Glottal
510:Alveolar
463:Cultures
408:Marianas
383:Chamorro
310:Woleaian
278:live on
252:Ulithian
248:Chuukese
236:Woleaian
187:caro1242
13407:Punjabi
13395:Bengali
13371:Persian
13362:Italian
13341:Haitian
13329:Russian
13299:Tagalog
13293:Chinese
13287:Spanish
13228:Kentish
13088:Spanish
13068:Bernese
13030:Muskrat
12851:Tonkawa
12821:Siuslaw
12816:Kutenai
12779:Yavapai
12769:Quechan
12739:Cocopah
12731:Cochimí
12611:Nomlaki
12603:Wintuan
12534:Serrano
12529:O'odham
12514:Luiseño
12429:Picuris
12379:Moneton
12365:Chiwere
12358:Catawba
12308:Hidatsa
12246:Cowlitz
12203:Klallam
12144:Kashaya
12108:Klamath
12031:Koasati
12026:Choctaw
12016:Alabama
11989:Nisenan
11971:Maiduan
11940:Keresan
11857:Wyandot
11784:Alutiiq
11774:Inupiat
11750:Wailaki
11736:Tututni
11715:Mattole
11632:Koyukon
11555:Cruzeño
11490:Wichita
11480:Arikara
11472:Caddoan
11409:Quiripi
11395:Pamlico
11360:Mahican
11319:Shawnee
11299:Mi'kmaq
11259:Arapaho
11254:Abenaki
11115:Western
11110:Eastern
11006:English
10997:italics
10882: ?
10848:Tikopia
10806:Futunic
10772:Penrhyn
10759:Moriori
10734:Austral
10727:Eastern
10669:Nukuoro
10659:Nuguria
10640:Nuclear
10581:Rotuman
10561:Pacific
10559:Central
10489:Tanapag
10469:Pááfang
10435:Chuukic
10391:Nuclear
10382:Nauruan
10323:Pwaamèi
10308:Nyâlayu
10231:Xârâcùù
10168:Nengone
9949:Neveʻei
9939:Navwien
9929:Nasvang
9919:Nahavaq
9889:Larëvat
9879:Burmbar
9874:Botovro
9811:Bierebo
9778:Paamese
9763:Daakaka
9743:Efatese
9725:Vanuatu
9715:Oceanic
9711:Nuclear
9673:Tamambo
9540:Baetora
9496:Mwotlap
9486:Mwerlap
9471:Lo-Toga
9466:Lemerig
9424:Vanuatu
9413:Oceanic
9357:Budibud
9321:Taupota
9311:Maiwala
9306:Haigwai
9286:Ghayavi
9261:Kakabai
9246:Mwatebu
9176:Unubahe
9161:Oyaʼoya
9139:Nuclear
8991:Kaulong
8971:Lamogai
8956:Mindiri
8951:Matukar
8941:Gedaged
8936:Bilibil
8883:Numbami
8724:Medebur
8699:Kairiru
8689:Yakamul
8674:Sissano
8621:Kaptiau
8579: ?
8518:Vangunu
8492:Tinputz
8467:Roviana
8411:Kusaghe
8355:Bannoni
8123:Nakanai
8082:Oceanic
8080:Western
7947:Malango
7824:Asumboa
7738:Western
7729:Penchal
7691:Eastern
7683: ?
7660:Oceanic
7591:Munggui
7543:Meoswar
7367: ?
7361: ?
7354:Waropen
7279:Saparua
7233:Kaibobo
7228:Paulohi
7197:Asilulu
7190: ?
7120:Benggoi
7064:Taliabo
7059:Mangole
7048:Moksela
7027:Ambelau
6930:Imroing
6872:Amarasi
6857:Termanu
6847:Ringgou
6778: ?
6772: ?
6737:Atauran
6680:Idalaka
6657:Timoric
6597:Batuley
6592:Barakai
6559:Yamdena
6554:Fordata
6542: ?
6498:Ile Ape
6493:Adonara
6458:Alorese
6356:Rembong
6309:Lamboya
6279:Mamboru
6274:Kambera
6174:Palauan
6128: ?
6114:Pattaeʼ
5922:Selayar
5907:Bentong
5879:Embaloh
5820:Laiyolo
5783:Topoiyo
5753:Mbelala
5720: ?
5679: ?
5638:Banggai
5605:Pancana
5595:Liabuku
5575:Cia-Cia
5547:Wawonii
5497:Kodeoha
5470:Celebic
5460:Sumbawa
5430:Kangean
5359:Lampung
5340: ?
5296:Angkola
5249: ?
5247:Enggano
5200: ?
5040:Kerinci
5026: ?
4919:Mualang
4915: ?
4823:Sanggau
4763:Bakatiʼ
4692:Kayanic
4630:Bukitan
4625:Melanau
4610:Sekapan
4605:Lahanan
4600:Kajaman
4578:Bintulu
4553:Berawan
4533:Lengilu
4528:Kelabit
4524: ?
4420:Timugon
4407:Murutic
4393: ?
4378:Greater
4289:Dusunic
4258:Greater
4240: ?
4200:Greater
4142:Abaknon
4124:Tunjung
3938:Tondano
3933:Tombulu
3905:Ratahan
3882:Teduray
3792:Bolango
3744:Kamigin
3734:Ilianen
3719:Binukid
3691:Maranao
3655:Subanen
3586:Mansaka
3581:Mandaya
3576:Mamanwa
3566:Kalagan
3488:Magahat
3478:Karay-a
3463:Cuyonon
3442:Cebuano
3407:Akeanon
3399:Bisayan
3324:Tagalog
3289:Tawbuid
3284:Hanunoo
3240:Alangan
3203:Botolan
3198:Bolinao
3183:Abellen
3076:Kalinga
2986:Gaddang
2981:Gaʼdang
2953:Ilocano
2910:Itbayat
2892:linkage
2804:Taivoan
2758:Luilang
2753:Kavalan
2528:below (
2440:Pááfang
2420:Tanapag
2377:Chuukic
2333:Nuclear
2324:Nauruan
2317:Nauruan
2111:24 June
1884:/ʈ͡ʂːʲ/
1598:Phoneme
1210:Chuukic
1198:Pulusuk
1194:Polowat
1151:he-will
1007:e dokto
851:siliila
829:xasulis
714:Central
678:Glides
664:l lː, r
614:Nasals
516:Palatal
488:Grammar
404:Satawal
355:Spanish
328:History
318:English
284:Agrigan
268:Pacific
108:Chuukic
95:Oceanic
13434:Hebrew
13377:Telugu
13356:Polish
13350:German
13323:Korean
13317:French
13311:Arabic
13289:(41.3)
13210:BANZSL
13139:Gullah
13126:Creole
13101:Isleño
13045:German
13007:French
12880:Michif
12792:Others
12774:Tiipai
12764:Mojave
12729:Yuman–
12616:Patwin
12574:Tongva
12567:Cupeño
12411:Tanoan
12400:Woccon
12351:Biloxi
12338:Stoney
12333:Quapaw
12323:Mandan
12318:Lakota
12303:Dakota
12285:Siouan
12228:Salish
12126:Pomoan
12115:Molala
11979:Konkow
11847:Seneca
11832:Oneida
11827:Mohawk
11817:Cayuga
11657:Tolowa
11647:Navajo
11587:Dené(–
11522:Tsinúk
11498:Kitsai
11457:Samoan
11309:Ojibwe
11304:Munsee
10891:Tongan
10886:Niuean
10872:Tongic
10713:Samoan
10699:Samoic
10606:Fijian
10494:Tobian
10344:Yuanga
10333:Vamale
10328:Pwapwâ
10283:Haveke
10268:Cèmuhî
10258:Bwatoo
10068:Sorung
10024:Alovas
9969:Nitita
9964:Nisvai
9816:Bieria
9758:Makura
9753:Lelepa
9738:Nafsan
9693:Tutuba
9678:Tangoa
9648:Mav̋ea
9636:Nokuku
9545:Duidui
9511:Veraʼa
9491:Mwesen
9461:Lehali
9393:Sudest
9367:Misima
9326:Tawala
9256:Dawawa
9241:Molima
9236:Galeya
9216:Bunama
9191:Diodio
9166:Saliba
9151:Buhutu
9072:Karnai
9062:Mengen
9057:Mamusi
9047:Solong
9027:Bebeli
9017:Apalik
9012:Akolet
9007:Aiklep
8986:Karore
8901:Bariai
8863:Mumeng
8848:Kumalu
8828:Wampur
8823:Wampar
8783:Dangal
8778:Adzera
8752:Bukawa
8704:Terebu
8684:Tumleo
8636:Tobati
8631:Tarpia
8616:Podena
8591:Bonggo
8575:Sarmi–
8546:Tomoip
8528:Zabana
8523:Varisi
8513:Vaghua
8507:Uruava
8502:Ughele
8472:Saposa
8452:Petats
8427:Marovo
8422:Lungga
8406:Kokota
8325:Tangga
8280:Kandas
8217:Madara
8196:Tungag
8056:Doriʼo
8021:Baeggu
7985:Fagani
7970:Longgu
7952:Talise
7922:Bugotu
7887:Nalögo
7855:Tanema
7850:Lovono
7812:Utupua
7804:Temotu
7762:Wuvulu
7757:Seimat
7714:Lenkau
7708:Hermit
7681:Yapese
7611:Kurudu
7596:Papuma
7581:Wamesa
7538:Dusner
7525:Biakic
7492:Patani
7438:Fiawat
7417:Matbat
7343:Tandia
7269:Amahai
7264:Haruku
7243:Tulehu
7208:Manipa
7173:Wemale
7163:Huaulu
7158:Nuaulu
7152:Kayeli
7037:Lisela
6988:Kowiai
6935:Telaʼa
6915:Serili
6910:Masela
6837:Dengka
6813:Makuva
6793:Romang
6770:Naueti
6765:Midiki
6760:Waimoa
6755:Kairui
6732:Galoli
6711:Bekais
6706:Mambai
6670:Helong
6637:Mariri
6627:Lorang
6525:Selaru
6517:Selaru
6503:Mingar
6473:Levuka
6437:Kedang
6401:Rongga
6396:Ngadha
6376:Paluʼe
6361:Rajong
6341:Komodo
6304:Wejewa
6294:Pondok
6109:Mamasa
6097:Toraja
6083:Pannei
6073:Bambam
6021:Mandar
6016:Mamuju
5972:Badaic
5815:Kamaru
5773:Sarudu
5763:Pamona
5718:Totoli
5713:Tomini
5698:Pendau
5653:Saluan
5532:Tolaki
5492:Bungku
5268:Sikule
5212:Moklen
5188:Rejang
5115:Temuan
4999:Duanoʼ
4974:Banjar
4969:Bamayo
4900:Ibanic
4878:Roglai
4783:Biatah
4725:Aoheng
4710:Modang
4650:Burusu
4573:Tutong
4558:Belait
4543:Saʼban
4450:Paluan
4445:Okolod
4440:Baukan
4391:Tatana
4312:Kuijau
4238:Molbog
4233:Bonggi
4228:Idaʼan
4064:Malang
4035:Barito
4010:Manide
3948:Tonsea
3915:Talaud
3900:Bantik
3827:Suwawa
3709:Agusan
3701:Manobo
3681:Iranun
3571:Kamayo
3538:Tausug
3422:Baybay
3218:Sambal
3188:Ambala
3109:Ibaloi
3086:Tuwali
3066:Isinai
3061:Ifugao
3056:Bontoc
3001:Itawis
2991:Ibanag
2915:Ivatan
2830:Paiwan
2825:Puyuma
2798:Siraya
2705:Babuza
2665:Seediq
2660:Atayal
2633:Saaroa
2615:Tsouic
2597:Rukaic
2390:Tobian
2086:31 May
2032:
2022:
1887:tchii
1744:schii
1595:Letter
1484:mualie
1476:mualue
1395:muatiu
1288:pwpwel
1285:for /
1276:imwɔmw
1261:for /
1246:libwal
1240:libual
1223:Saipan
1156:mwungo
1109:mwungo
1102:mwungo
1088:E-sáál
1081:E-sáál
1058:at-eat
1003:doctor
952:e seng
813:Gloss
807:Source
640:labial
527:Stops
519:Velar
507:Labial
474:Saipan
443:German
439:Saipan
424:Saipan
420:Tinian
418:, and
381:under
379:Saipan
351:Taiwan
312:, and
294:Saipan
280:Saipan
210:is an
148:
46:Region
13442:(0.2)
13440:Khmer
13436:(0.2)
13430:(0.2)
13428:Hmong
13424:(0.3)
13422:Greek
13418:(0.3)
13409:(0.3)
13403:(0.3)
13401:Tamil
13397:(0.4)
13391:(0.4)
13385:(0.5)
13379:(0.5)
13373:(0.5)
13364:(0.5)
13358:(0.5)
13352:(0.9)
13343:(0.9)
13337:(0.9)
13331:(1.0)
13325:(1.1)
13319:(1.2)
13313:(1.4)
13307:(1.5)
13301:(1.7)
13295:(3.4)
13130:mixed
13078:Texas
13020:Métis
12831:Yuchi
12826:Washo
12811:Karuk
12806:Haida
12621:Wintu
12593:Makah
12559:Yaqui
12424:Kiowa
12419:Jemez
12313:Kansa
12238:Twana
11997:Chico
11984:Maidu
11842:Osage
11779:Aleut
11769:Inuit
11708:Lipan
11680:Cahto
11597:Ahtna
11485:Caddo
11423:Wiyot
11416:Unami
11324:Yurok
11246:Algic
11177:Older
10813:Anuta
10754:Māori
10684:Takuu
10616:Lauan
10453:Mapia
10313:Paicî
10298:Kumak
10278:Haeke
10221:Orowe
10216:Numèè
10158:Drehu
10089:Tanna
10029:Najit
10019:Rutan
10014:Vivti
9994:Tirax
9979:Rerep
9959:Ninde
9864:Axamb
9854:Avava
9849:Aulua
9821:Lamen
9663:Sakao
9658:Mores
9626:Araki
9522:Vurës
9516:Volow
9506:Olrat
9476:Löyöp
9456:Lakon
9441:Dorig
9422:North
9388:Nimoa
9372:Muyuw
9336:Anuki
9301:Gweda
9201:Iduna
9107:Mbula
9102:Maleu
9097:Amara
9092:Ronji
8981:Aigon
8961:Takia
8946:Marik
8906:Gitua
8878:Yamap
8873:Vehes
8843:Kapin
8808:Musom
8788:Duwet
8762:Yabem
8734:Wogeo
8719:Manam
8694:Kaiep
8646:Yamna
8641:Wakde
8626:Sobei
8564:North
8533:Zazao
8497:Torau
8482:Solos
8477:Simbo
8462:Ririo
8442:Nehan
8437:Nduke
8416:Laghu
8395:Hoava
8390:Halia
8380:Hahon
8330:Tolai
8290:Label
8264:Bilur
8248:Madak
8238:Barok
8231:Madak
8222:Notsi
8212:Lihir
8205:Tabar
8191:Tigak
8186:Tiang
8181:Nalik
8091:Meso–
8066:Oroha
8051:Kwaio
7995:Kahua
7990:Bauro
7980:Arosi
7942:Ghari
7937:Birao
7932:Lengo
7890:Noipx
7873:Äiwoo
7845:Teanu
7794:Tenis
7724:Nauna
7698:Manus
7576:Marau
7571:Ansus
7566:Ambai
7558:Yapen
7497:Sawai
7433:Maden
7426:Maden
7412:Maʼya
7391:Ambel
7331:SHWNG
7218:Boano
7130:Liana
7125:Salas
7104:Bobot
7094:Geser
7084:Banda
6967:Serua
6882:Babar
6832:Bilba
6808:Luang
6798:Kisar
6776:Habun
6727:Wetar
6696:Kemak
6675:Tetum
6607:Karey
6602:Dobel
6569:Sekar
6366:Kepoʼ
6351:Riung
6319:Gaura
6266:Sumba
6078:Dakka
6047:Maiwa
5985:Behoa
5884:Taman
5862:Bugis
5831:Wolio
5810:Kalao
5778:Sedoa
5768:Rampi
5748:Kaili
5708:Tajio
5693:Lauje
5688:Dondo
5677:Boano
5643:Batui
5628:Andio
5570:Busoa
5522:Padoe
5455:Sasak
5402:Osing
5338:Nasal
5301:Dairi
5283:Batak
5207:Moken
5160:Baduy
5090:Pekal
5014:Jakun
4942:Malay
4924:Remun
4868:Jarai
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