29:
313:
to
Emperor Conrad II at Bezprym's request to indicate his acceptance of the primacy of his western neighbor, although the Queen could have taken them for safekeeping, or they could have been brought to the Emperor by another means. At the time of his father's death in 1034, Casimir was about 18
447:, the only major Polish city untouched by the wars. It is probable that the Holy Roman Emperor was pleased with the balance of power that had been restored to the region and forced Casimir not to crown himself the King of Poland. In 1046 Emperor Henry III held royal and imperial courts at
282:. However, the powerful magnates of the country feared a strong central government like the one that existed under Bolesław I's rule. This led to considerable friction between the King and the nobility. Taking advantage of the King's precarious situation, Mieszko II's older half-brother
432:, who was linked with him through Casimir's marriage with Yaroslav's sister, Maria Dobroniega. With this support, Casimir returned to Poland and managed to retake most of his domain. In 1041, Bretislaus, defeated in his second attempted invasion by Emperor Henry III, signed a treaty at
621:
Smith, Richard Upsher, Jr. Hermit Life. Camaldolese spirituality: essential sources. Touchstone, Jan/Feb 2008. Accessed on Jan 2, 2015 at www.touchstonemag.com/archives/article.php?id=21-01-050-b. Note that the reference cites the existence of the five hermit brothers in Poland
424:(who feared the increased power of the Bohemian ruler) gave him military and financial support. Casimir received a force of 1,000 heavy footmen and a significant amount of gold to restore his power in Poland. Casimir also signed an alliance with
532:. There is no consensus among historians as to when it took place. Władymir D. Koroliuk said that it was in 1039, Aleksej A. Szachmatow and Iwan Linniczenko agreed on 1041, while Dymitr S. Lichaczew postulated that it occurred during 1043.
267:. In order to acquire a proper education, he was sent to one of the Polish monasteries in 1026. According to some older sources he initially wanted to have a career in the Church (it is probable that he held the post of
478:
to Poland. This secured his power in central Poland. Three years later, against the will of the
Emperor, Casimir seized Bohemian-controlled Silesia, thus securing most of his father's domain. In 1054 in
369:. However, soon Casimir returned to Poland and in 1038, once again, tried to regain power with the aide of his influential mother. This also failed and he had to flee again, this time to the
440:, which was to be incorporated into the Bohemian Kingdom. It was Casimir's success in strengthening royal power and ending internal strife that earned him the epithet of "the Restorer".
361:
In 1037 both the young prince and his mother returned to Poland and attempted to seize the throne. This precipitated a rebellion by local barons, which coupled with the so-called "
638:, Warsaw 1968, p. 154, note. 18, says that the rest of Silesia, included the left side of the Odra River in Wrocław and Opole remained in Bohemia; by the other hand, T. Jurek:
1009:
271:) and even asked for a dispensation to become a monk. This hypothesis, however, is not supported by modern historians. Regardless, he left church work indefinitely in 1031.
678:
105:
305:
Sometime during the reign of
Bezprym, Casimir and his sisters were taken by their mother to Germany (her native land) for refuge. It has been reported that
916:
302:
and castrated, returned to rule a portion of the kingdom, eventually regained the kingdom, and then died in May 1034 under suspicious circumstances.
298:. Years of chaos and conflict followed, during which Mieszko II was forced to cede the throne to Bezprym in 1031, fled to Bohemia, was imprisoned by
1144:
1139:
483:, the Emperor ruled that Silesia was to remain in Poland in exchange for a yearly tribute of 117 kg. of silver and 7 kg. of gold.
412:, destroyed religious buildings which were built by Mieszko I during the feast of the conversion of Poland, and plundered Mieszko I's tomb.
808:
624:
Bruno’s “Life of the Five Hermit
Brothers,” written to promote the canonization of Romuald’s disciples martyred in pagan Poland in 1004,...
676:
Robert-Henri
Bautier, "Anne de Kiev, reine de France, et la politique royale au XIè siècle: Étude critique de la documentation".
1388:
1378:
1398:
1114:
486:
At that time
Casimir was focused on internal matters. To strengthen his rule he re-created the bishopric in Kraków and
609:
315:
263:
Relatively little is known of
Casimir's early life. He must have spent his childhood at the royal court of Poland in
231:
1134:
1308:
1049:
801:
576:
1403:
1119:
825:
642:, pp. 40–44, believes that already in 1041 Poland regained the control over the rest of Silesia included land of
1230:
1333:
560:
160:
1235:
1184:
443:
The treaty gained
Casimir a period of peace on the southern border and the capital of Poland was moved to
1393:
1024:
794:
299:
1323:
474:
and seized the land. It is probable that he also defeated Miecław's allies from
Pomerania and attached
1270:
1166:
702:
1079:
973:
54:
1161:
834:
707:. Translated by Knoll, Paul W.; Schaer, Frank. Central European University Press. 2003. p. 82.
564:
362:
339:
119:
1084:
1029:
999:
1199:
989:
817:
545:
408:, and the five hermit brothers with him. On the way back he conquered part of Silesia, including
381:
150:
984:
957:
539:
145:
64:
1408:
1383:
1328:
1318:
1298:
306:
227:
195:
504:
as his base of power. One of his reforms was the introduction, to Poland, of a key element of
1260:
1189:
1059:
1054:
1034:
906:
691:
Krzysztof
Benyskiewicz, Książę Polski Władysław I Herman 1079–1102, Zielona Góra 2010, s. 34.
551:
155:
498:
was introduced into Poland and, unlike his predecessors, he promoted landed gentry over the
351:
279:
1373:
1368:
1303:
1240:
1222:
374:
1154:
778:
287:
8:
1278:
1255:
1250:
1089:
1064:
1039:
425:
420:
After initially escaping to Hungary, Casimir went to Germany, where in 1039 his relative
310:
1293:
1207:
1074:
1018:
994:
967:
529:
401:
370:
223:
185:
1288:
1129:
1313:
1212:
1069:
605:
601:
421:
291:
268:
129:
1094:
1044:
525:
405:
1124:
1109:
761:
495:
491:
207:
1283:
862:
768:
429:
389:
327:
247:
219:
36:
1099:
1362:
1245:
1176:
944:
385:
215:
175:
512:
to his retinue of warriors, thus gradually transforming them into medieval
470:
In 1047 Casimir, aided by his Kievan brother-in-law, started a war against
934:
901:
480:
230:. He is known as the Restorer because he managed to reunite parts of the
28:
563:(c. 1048 – 1 September 1126), married c. 1062 to Duke (from 1085, King)
883:
436:(1042) in which he renounced his claims to all Polish lands except for
433:
275:
487:
409:
347:
952:
876:
848:
786:
643:
505:
456:
448:
355:
243:
581:
475:
444:
393:
278:, was crowned King of Poland in 1025 after the death of his father,
93:
80:
924:
890:
869:
500:
962:
855:
509:
471:
464:
452:
437:
397:
380:
Taking advantage of the chaos and his neighbour's weakness, Duke
377:. Richeza remained in Germany as a nun until her death, in 1063.
343:
295:
283:
264:
239:
235:
170:
929:
896:
841:
513:
366:
250:, mainly because of internal and external threats to his rule.
726:. Vol. I: The Origins to 1795. Columbia University Press.
600:
Boshof, Egon (2008). Die Salier (in German) (5th ed.), p. 71.
314:
years old and in Germany at the court of his uncle Archbishop
290:
turned against him and allied themselves with the Holy Roman
365:" of the commoners, forced Casimir and Richeza to flee to
106:
Archcathedral Basilica of St. Peter and St. Paul, Poznań
660:
658:
656:
654:
652:
342:
in the area lasted for several years. The district of
649:
626:"), not the theft of their relics by Bretislaus I.
334:) revolted against the nobles and Catholic clergy
222:from 1040 until his death. Casimir was the son of
455:, at which he ended the strife among the Duke of
214:; 25 July 1016 – 19 March 1058), a member of the
1360:
802:
234:after a period of turmoil. He reincorporated
354:of his own. A similar situation occurred in
294:, whose forces attacked Poland and regained
1349:indicates monarch of questioned historicity
809:
795:
27:
640:Ryczyn biskupi, Roczniki historyczne 1994
384:invaded and ravaged the country in 1039.
705:: The Deeds of the Princes of the Poles
528:(c. 1012–1087), daughter of Grand Duke
135:
1361:
816:
721:
664:
246:. However, he failed to crown himself
790:
724:God's Playground: A History of Poland
535:Casimir and Maria had five children:
519:
396:was captured, and Bretislaus sacked
13:
14:
1420:
554:(16 April 1045 – 28 January 1065)
636:Kosmas: Chronicle of the Czechs
694:
685:
670:
629:
615:
594:
415:
311:Polish royal crown and regalia
258:
1:
587:
542:(c. 1043 – 2/3 April 1081/82)
321:
1379:11th-century Polish monarchs
1334:Stanisław August Poniatowski
577:History of Poland (966–1385)
253:
7:
1399:People of Byzantine descent
1389:Burials at Poznań Cathedral
1309:Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki
1050:Władysław III Spindleshanks
570:
373:where he was imprisoned by
10:
1425:
715:
346:seceded and a local lord,
1342:
1269:
1221:
1198:
1174:
1153:
1140:Dukes of Gdańsk Pomerania
1019:Senior or Supreme Princes
1008:
943:
915:
824:
775:
766:
758:
733:
703:Gesta principum Polonorum
191:
181:
169:
128:
112:
100:
87:
74:
70:
60:
50:
42:
35:
26:
21:
1135:Dukes of Sieradz-Łęczyca
565:Vratislaus II of Bohemia
494:. During Casimir's rule
392:were severely pillaged,
326:The central district of
120:Maria Dobroniega of Kiev
1115:Dukes of Greater Poland
735:Casimir I the Restorer
722:Davies, Norman (1982).
679:Revue des Ètudes Slaves
548:(c. 1044 – 4 June 1102)
400:, taking the relics of
382:Bretislaus I of Bohemia
91:19 March 1058 (aged 41)
1319:Augustus II the Strong
1236:Władysław III of Varna
1120:Dukes of Little Poland
1025:Władysław II the Exile
980:Casimir I the Restorer
974:Bolesław the Forgotten
682:57, no. 4 (1985): 545.
463:), Duke Bretislaus of
228:Richeza of Lotharingia
212:Kazimierz I Odnowiciel
211:
204:Casimir I the Restorer
196:Richeza of Lotharingia
55:Bolesław the Forgotten
22:Casimir I the Restorer
1261:Sigismund II Augustus
1231:Władysław II Jagiełło
1208:Louis I the Hungarian
1190:Casimir III the Great
1085:Bolesław V the Chaste
1060:Mieszko IV Tanglefoot
1030:Bolesław IV the Curly
1000:Bolesław III Wrymouth
907:Piast the Wheelwright
1404:Nobility from Kraków
1304:John II Casimir Vasa
1223:Jagiellonian dynasty
1185:Władysław I Łokietek
985:Bolesław II the Bold
958:Bolesław I the Brave
557:Otto (c. 1046–1048).
540:Bolesław II the Bold
490:and erected the new
286:and younger brother
146:Bolesław II the Bold
65:Bolesław II the Bold
1256:Sigismund I the Old
1200:Capet-Anjou dynasty
1090:Leszek II the Black
1080:Bolesław the Horned
1040:Casimir II the Just
1035:Mieszko III the Old
426:Yaroslav I the Wise
1394:Christian monarchs
1294:Sigismund III Vasa
1145:Dukes of Pomerania
1075:Henry II the Pious
990:Władysław I Herman
968:Mieszko II Lambert
818:Monarchs of Poland
546:Władysław I Herman
530:Vladimir I of Kiev
520:Marriage and issue
508:: the granting of
371:Kingdom of Hungary
280:Bolesław the Brave
274:Casimir's father,
224:Mieszko II Lambert
186:Mieszko II Lambert
151:Władysław I Herman
1356:
1355:
1314:John III Sobieski
1299:Władysław IV Vasa
1271:Elective monarchy
1155:Přemyslid dynasty
1070:Henry the Bearded
785:
784:
779:Bolesław the Bold
776:Succeeded by
602:Kohlhammer Verlag
467:, and Casimir I.
422:Emperor Henry III
292:Emperor Conrad II
232:Kingdom of Poland
201:
200:
1416:
1130:Dukes of Kuyavia
1125:Dukes of Masovia
1110:Dukes of Silesia
1095:Henryk IV Probus
1055:Władysław Odonic
1045:Leszek the White
811:
804:
797:
788:
787:
759:Preceded by
754:
747:
731:
730:
727:
709:
708:
698:
692:
689:
683:
674:
668:
662:
647:
633:
627:
619:
613:
598:
526:Maria Dobroniega
524:Casimir married
461:Dux Bomeraniorum
428:, the Prince of
406:Radim Gaudentius
238:, and conquered
139:
31:
19:
18:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1338:
1289:Stephen Báthory
1279:Henry of Valois
1265:
1217:
1194:
1170:
1149:
1011:
1004:
939:
911:
820:
815:
781:
772:
764:
762:Mieszko Lambert
748:
742:
741:
736:
718:
713:
712:
700:
699:
695:
690:
686:
675:
671:
663:
650:
634:
630:
620:
616:
599:
595:
590:
573:
522:
492:Wawel Cathedral
418:
324:
261:
256:
165:
133:
132:
124:
108:
92:
79:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1422:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1284:Anna Jagiellon
1281:
1275:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1227:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1204:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1181:
1179:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1167:Wenceslaus III
1164:
1159:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1016:
1014:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
970:
965:
960:
955:
949:
947:
941:
940:
938:
937:
932:
927:
921:
919:
917:Proto-historic
913:
912:
910:
909:
904:
899:
894:
887:
880:
873:
866:
859:
852:
845:
838:
830:
828:
822:
821:
814:
813:
806:
799:
791:
783:
782:
777:
774:
769:Duke of Poland
765:
760:
756:
755:
737:
734:
729:
728:
717:
714:
711:
710:
693:
684:
669:
648:
628:
614:
592:
591:
589:
586:
585:
584:
579:
572:
569:
568:
567:
558:
555:
549:
543:
521:
518:
417:
414:
402:Saint Adalbert
390:Greater Poland
363:Pagan Reaction
328:Greater Poland
323:
320:
260:
257:
255:
252:
248:King of Poland
220:duke of Poland
199:
198:
193:
189:
188:
183:
179:
178:
173:
167:
166:
164:
163:
158:
153:
148:
142:
140:
126:
125:
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116:
114:
110:
109:
104:
102:
98:
97:
89:
85:
84:
76:
72:
71:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
37:Duke of Poland
33:
32:
24:
23:
16:Duke of Poland
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1421:
1410:
1409:Sons of kings
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1384:Piast dynasty
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1246:John I Albert
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1177:Piast dynasty
1173:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1162:Wenceslaus II
1160:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1010:Fragmentation
1007:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
975:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
950:
948:
946:
945:Piast dynasty
942:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
922:
920:
918:
914:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
892:
888:
886:
885:
881:
879:
878:
874:
872:
871:
867:
865:
864:
860:
858:
857:
853:
851:
850:
846:
844:
843:
839:
837:
836:
832:
831:
829:
827:
823:
819:
812:
807:
805:
800:
798:
793:
792:
789:
780:
771:
770:
763:
757:
753:19 March 1058
752:
745:
740:
739:Piast Dynasty
732:
725:
720:
719:
706:
704:
697:
688:
681:
680:
673:
667:, p. 65.
666:
661:
659:
657:
655:
653:
645:
641:
637:
632:
625:
618:
611:
610:3-17-020183-2
607:
603:
597:
593:
583:
580:
578:
575:
574:
566:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
537:
536:
533:
531:
527:
517:
515:
511:
507:
503:
502:
497:
493:
489:
484:
482:
477:
473:
468:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
359:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
340:pagan revival
337:
333:
329:
319:
317:
312:
308:
307:Queen Richeza
303:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
272:
270:
266:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
216:Piast dynasty
213:
209:
205:
197:
194:
190:
187:
184:
180:
177:
176:Piast dynasty
174:
172:
168:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
143:
141:
138:
137:
131:
127:
121:
118:
117:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
90:
86:
82:
77:
73:
69:
66:
63:
59:
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
38:
34:
30:
25:
20:
1346:
1329:Augustus III
1106:
1017:
979:
972:
889:
882:
875:
868:
861:
854:
847:
840:
833:
767:
750:
746:25 July 1016
743:
738:
723:
701:
696:
687:
677:
672:
639:
635:
631:
623:
617:
596:
534:
523:
499:
485:
469:
460:
442:
419:
379:
360:
335:
332:Wielkopolska
331:
325:
318:of Cologne.
309:brought the
304:
300:Duke Oldřich
273:
262:
203:
202:
134:
78:25 July 1016
1374:1058 deaths
1369:1016 births
1324:Stanisław I
1100:Przemysł II
665:Davies 1982
561:Świętosława
481:Quedlinburg
430:Kievan Rus'
416:Restoration
350:, formed a
259:Early years
161:Świętosława
51:Predecessor
1363:Categories
1241:Casimir IV
884:Leszko III
773:1040–1058
588:References
434:Regensburg
322:Bolesław I
316:Hermann II
276:Mieszko II
218:, was the
1251:Alexander
1175:Restored
1107:See also:
953:Mieszko I
935:Siemomysł
902:Chościsko
897:Popiel II
877:Leszko II
849:Krakus II
826:Legendary
644:Golensizi
506:feudalism
457:Pomerania
449:Merseburg
375:Stephen I
356:Pomerania
254:Biography
244:Pomerania
61:Successor
46:1040–1058
1065:Konrad I
995:Zbigniew
925:Siemowit
891:Popiel I
870:Leszko I
842:Krakus I
571:See also
510:fiefdoms
496:heraldry
336:en masse
96:, Poland
83:, Poland
1347:Italics
1213:Jadwiga
963:Bezprym
856:Lech II
716:Sources
552:Mieszko
514:knights
501:drużyna
488:Wrocław
472:Masovia
465:Bohemia
453:Meissen
438:Silesia
410:Wrocław
398:Gniezno
348:Miecław
344:Masovia
296:Lusatia
284:Bezprym
265:Gniezno
240:Silesia
236:Masovia
171:Dynasty
156:Mieszko
136:more...
1012:period
930:Lestek
835:Lech I
749:
646:tribe.
608:
582:Masław
476:Gdańsk
445:Kraków
394:Poznań
386:Lesser
367:Saxony
269:oblate
208:Polish
192:Mother
182:Father
101:Burial
94:Poznań
81:Kraków
863:Wanda
751:Died:
744:Born:
352:state
130:Issue
43:Reign
606:ISBN
451:and
388:and
338:. A
288:Otto
242:and
226:and
113:Wife
88:Died
75:Born
1365::
651:^
622:("
604:.
516:.
404:,
358:.
210::
810:e
803:t
796:v
612:.
459:(
330:(
206:(
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