348:
concluded that the tweets did not contain any bitter comment against the victim of the attack nor did they express hurtful, cutting, or insulting phrases or comments against their person; the singular subject of the joke was in the manner in which the attack was carried out with special emphasis on the fact that the car reached a great altitude; and that the attack had taken place forty-four years ago, more than enough time to consider it a historical event whose humorous treatment cannot have the same significance as that of a recent event. Therefore, magistrate
270:(absolute disqualification) which disqualifies a convict from holding public office or employment, and disallows a convict to obtain government grants, scholarships, or any public aid. The court also required payment of court costs and the removal of the tweets. The prosecutor Pedro Martínez Torrijos asked for two years and six months of prison, three years' probation, and eight years and six months of absolute disqualification. The sentence caught the attention of international news media and political parties such as
59:
50:, it found that repeating well-known jokes about an attack that happened 44 years ago, about which “endless jokes have been made”, without any abusive comments toward the victim, “is socially and even morally reprehensible in terms of mocking a serious human tragedy,” but “a penal sanction is not proportionate.” The court also took into account Vera’s age – 18 – at the time of publishing the tweets.
96:(Operation Spider), Vera was charged for injury to victims of terrorism. According to Vera's testimony, on 13 April 2016, the Civil Guard summoned her to make a statement in relation to a robbery she had reported the previous year. After she arrived at the police station, Vera was informed that she had been criminally charged, and her mobile phone was seized.
359:, speaking for the court, stated that although the conduct of the accused was reproachable from a social and even moral perspective, the case did not require a response from the penal system, and that the actual response was not appropriate or proportionate. The case was heard by magistrates Alberto Jorge Barreiro, Andrés Martínez Arrieta,
46:(National Court) sentenced her to one year in prison plus a seven year penalty of absolute disqualification, which disqualifies a convict from holding public office or employment, and disallows a convict to obtain government grants, scholarships, or any public aid. The ruling was reversed in 2018 by the
254:
The
National Court found Vera guilty on 29 March 2017 of the crime of humiliation of the victims of terrorism. The court considered that Vera's tweets, published between 2013 and 2016, constituted contempt, dishonor and mockery towards the victims of terrorism and their families. Public reaction to
246:
Vera appeared before the investigating judge on 13 September 2016 with her court-appointed lawyer. The lawyer was later fired because he wanted to base Vera's defense on a claim of mental insanity due to Vera being transgender, and because Vera felt he was ultra-conservative after he told Vera that
347:
The public prosecutor challenged all of these points. However, on 26 February 2018, the
Supreme Court considered the appeal and reversed the National Court ruling; the court rejected the second reason, but accepted the third and considered it unnecessary to examine the remaining reasons. The court
263:
Supporters retweeted the offending tweets with new supportive hashtags and some even made more offensive jokes. Nonetheless, the
National Court tribunal, composed of Juan Francisco Martel Rivero, Teresa Palacios, and Carmen Paloma González, sentenced her to one year in prison and revocation of her
104:
Vera was charged based on the following thirteen tweets and in nearly all of them the key to the humor was the fact that the car, in which
Carrero Blanco was traveling, flew high up into the air and over a five-story church, landing on the second-floor terrace of a building. (Spanish quote plus
259:
criticizing the two year, six month prison sentence and described the jail term as “disproportionate and total madness,” adding: “I am frightened by a society where freedom of speech, however regrettable it might be, can mean a jail term.”
384:
Vera immediately responded to the news of the
Supreme Court ruling: “I’m very happy on a personal level to see the end of a judicial ordeal that no one should have to go through. But I’m very worried about other sentences, such as that of
255:
the ruling was quick and fierce; many, including Blanco's granddaughter, Lucía
Carrero-Blanco, thought that, as regrettable as the tweets may be, freedom of expression should not lead to a prison sentence. She wrote a letter to
758:
242:(With you I want to fly, to be able to see you from the sky, in search of the impossible, that slips through my fingers) Accompanied with an image that depicts the upward flight of Blanco's vehicle.
206:(Happy December 20) Accompanied with three images: one that is a photograph of the effects after the attack on Blanco and two that recreate the explosion and trajectory of Blanco's official vehicle.
360:
688:
447:
371:
324:
For miscarriage of justice by improper application of article 578 of the penal code (law against praising terrorism and humiliation of victims of terrorism, introduced by the
605:
31:) was a Spanish court case against Cassandra Vera Paz (born 3 November 1995). Vera was charged in 2016 with injury to victims of terrorism after she posted a series of
349:
333:
For miscarriage of justice, based on article 579bis of the penal code, for ignoring personal circumstances and the context and the content typical of
Twitter.
837:
659:
307:
579:
710:
119:"Película : A tres metros sobre el cielo. Producción: ETA films. Director: Argala. Protagonista: Carrero Blanco. Género: Carrera espacial"
732:
365:
784:
62:
Admiral Luis
Carrero Blanco, prime minister during the final years of the fascist regime of dictator General Francisco Franco.
527:
303:
214:
Accompanied with a photo collage of an astronaut with Blanco's face, on what appears to be the surface of the Moon with the
159:"Perdone usted, @GcekaElectronic, un respeto por el gran Carrero, la estación internacional de la ETA puso todo su esfuerzo"
162:(Excuse you, @GcekaElectronic, a bit of respect for the great Carrero, ETA's international space station did all it could.)
39:
127:
854:
277:
811:
632:
501:
474:
376:
430:
239:"Contigo quiero volar, para poder verte desde el cielo, en busca de lo imposible, que se escapa entre mis dedos"
528:"Estos son los tuits sobre Carrero Blanco por los que la Audiencia Nacional condenó a prisión a Cassandra Vera"
689:"Cassandra no es la única: estos 5 casos de chistes en redes sociales también han llegado a juicio en España"
633:"La Audiencia Nacional condena a Cassandra Vera, la tuitera que hizo chistes de la muerte de Carrero Blanco"
402:
84:(ETA) on 20 December 1973. Following an investigation conducted by the information service of the Spanish
271:
606:"Caso Cassandra: un ridículo jurídico nacional (que se convertirá en internacional). Blogs de Homepage"
343:
For miscarriage of justice by obvious error in the assessment of the evidence presented by the defense.
336:
For miscarriage of justice by undue application of article 14.3 of the penal code, by failure to apply
80:
Luis
Carrero Blanco. Blanco, who was Prime Minister of Spain, was assassinated by the terrorist group
354:
885:
448:"Cassandra Vera: "La Fiscalía quiere coartar la libertad de expresión, pero no tiene apoyo social""
318:
123:
76:
Between 2013 and 2016, Cassandra Vera Paz published a series of tweets about the assassination of
785:"IU desafía a la Audiencia Nacional difundiendo los tuits por los que han condenado a Cassandra"
895:
890:
407:
291:
47:
553:
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he was an admirer of Blanco. Vera worked with new lawyers and decided to base her defense on
81:
554:"La tuitera imputada renuncia a su abogado de oficio por ser "admirador de Carrero Blanco""
855:"El Supremo absuelve a Cassandra Vera por sus "chistes de mal gusto" sobre Carrero Blanco"
733:"Así ve la prensa internacional la condena a Cassandra por sus tuits sobre Carrero Blanco"
111:"ETA impulsó una política contra los coches oficiales combinada con un programa espacial."
8:
85:
215:
139:"Kissinger le regaló a Carrero Blanco un trozo de la luna, ETA le pagó el viaje a ella"
43:
91:
812:"El Supremo absuelve a Cassandra Vera por sus tuits con chistes sobre Carrero Blanco"
311:
175:"Elecciones el día del aniversario del viaje espacial de Carrero Blanco. Interesante"
711:"La cara B de las acusaciones de los fiscales por enaltecimiento en redes sociales"
337:
24:
390:
143:
36:
282:. United Left retweeted the offensive tweets from its official Twitter account.
759:"Franco se ha reencarnado en Audiencia Nacional. Blogs de España is not Spain"
879:
198:(Did Carrero Blanco also go back to the future in his car? #BackToTheFuture.)
178:(Elections on the anniversary of Carrero Blanco's space flight. Interesting.)
431:
Spanish court throws out jail sentence for woman who posted jokes on
Twitter
114:(ETA promoted a policy against official cars combined with a space program).
231:
227:
195:"¿Carrero Blanco también regresó al futuro con su coche? #RegresoAlFuturo"
340:
and attenuate penalty based on the feasibility of ignorance of the crime.
475:"'Operación Araña': dos absoluciones, 42 condenas y 33 casos pendientes"
386:
151:"Si hacer chistes de Carrero Blanco es enaltecimiento del terrorismo..."
187:
131:
256:
58:
77:
843:(in European Spanish). Madrid: Tribunal Supremo. Sala de lo Penal.
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32:
580:"Un año de prisión para Cassandra por mofarse de Carrero Blanco"
317:
For violation of article 24.2 of the Constitution of Spain, the
146:
gave Carrero Blanco a piece of the moon, ETA paid for the trip).
234:, a cosmonaut, was the first human to journey into outer space.
154:(If making jokes about Carrero Blanco is praising terrorism...)
264:
voting rights for the same time period, and seven years of
223:"URSS VS SPAIN. URSS Yuri Gagarin VS SPAIN Carrero Blanco"
321:, since no sufficient proof of the charge has been made.
836:
Alberto Gumersindo Jorge Barreiro (26 February 2018).
66:
308:
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union
170:(Can I no longer make jokes about Carrero Blanco?)
691:(in European Spanish). Europa Press. 4 April 2017
877:
660:"El 'caso Cassandra', la gota que colma el vaso"
167:"¿Ya no puedo hacer chistes de Carrero Blanco?"
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126:. Production Company: ETA films. Director:
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226:URSS is the Spanish abbreviation for the
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190:peering through buildings at a long car.
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99:
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473:López-Fonseca, Óscar (31 March 2017).
130:. Protagonist: Carrero Blanco. Genre:
809:
630:
502:"Cassandra y los chistes que son ETA"
304:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
290:The sentence was appealed before the
631:Pérez, Fernando J. (30 March 2017).
586:(in European Spanish). 29 March 2017
445:
441:
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40:assassination of Luis Carrero Blanco
810:Pérez, Fernando J. (1 March 2018).
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361:Miguel Colmenero Menéndez de Luarca
298:For violation of article 20 of the
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370:, Antonio del Moral García, and
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186:Accompanied with an image of
183:"Spiderman VS Carrero Blanco"
500:Cuartopoder (3 April 2017).
7:
838:"Recurso Casacion/979/2017"
658:Heredia, Ana María Valero.
396:
10:
912:
861:(in Spanish). 1 March 2018
53:
306:and of article 11 of the
319:presumption of innocence
124:Three Steps Above Heaven
433:, El País, 2 March 2018
372:Ana María Ferrer García
310:, wherein the right to
302:, of article 19 of the
267:inhabilitación absoluta
203:"Feliz 20 de diciembre"
408:Detention of Olga Mata
350:Alberto Jorge Barreiro
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292:Supreme Court of Spain
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48:Supreme Court of Spain
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713:(in European Spanish)
508:(in European Spanish)
300:Constitution of Spain
286:Supreme Court hearing
249:freedom of expression
82:Euskadi Ta Askatasuna
61:
403:Inés González Árraga
294:citing six reasons.
100:National Court trial
327:Ley Orgánica 7/2000
584:El Huffington Post
72:(Operation Spider)
64:
44:Audiencia Nacional
35:poking fun at the
16:Spanish court case
446:Munárriz, Ángel.
312:freedom of speech
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393:and tweeters.”
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92:Operation Araña
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29:Caso Cassandra
21:Cassandra case
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891:2016 in Spain
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863:. Retrieved
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791:(in Spanish)
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666:(in Spanish)
664:infoLibre.es
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454:(in Spanish)
452:infoLibre.es
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232:Yuri Gagarin
228:Soviet Union
103:
75:
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859:El Comercio
789:eldiario.es
737:eldiario.es
532:eldiario.es
506:Cuartopoder
375: [
364: [
353: [
272:United Left
86:Civil Guard
880:Categories
769:17 January
743:17 January
717:17 January
695:17 January
670:17 January
643:17 January
616:17 January
590:16 January
558:El Español
485:17 January
414:References
389:and other
216:Franco-era
132:space race
37:Franco-era
188:Spiderman
144:Kissinger
78:Francoist
397:See also
387:Valtònyc
865:6 March
821:6 March
816:El País
795:6 March
637:EL PAÍS
564:6 March
538:8 March
512:6 March
479:EL PAÍS
458:6 March
391:rappers
278:Podemos
257:El País
122:(Film:
88:called
54:History
25:Spanish
128:Argala
33:tweets
841:(PDF)
379:]
368:]
357:]
218:flag.
211:"20D"
867:2018
823:2018
797:2018
771:2018
745:2018
719:2018
697:2018
672:2018
645:2018
618:2018
592:2018
566:2018
540:2018
514:2018
487:2018
460:2018
274:and
230:and
19:The
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680:^
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608:.
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438:^
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142:(
23:(
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