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West. At sixteen, Betsy ran away from home, but was apprehended by police after attempting to obtain a $ 250 promissory note from a prosperous farmer. In 1878, Betsy was arrested for attempting to borrow money on a stolen pocket watch. Her father settled with the victim. Within the year, in
Toronto, Betsy attempted to present herself as Elizabeth Cunard of the wealthy shipping family using a forged letter of introduction and a bogus check. After acquiring $ 10,000 in goods on credit, the scheme collapsed and Betsy fled Toronto. In March 1879, Betsy was arrested in Woodstock, Ontario, for attempting to negotiate forged promissory notes. She supplemented the notes with a calling card that read "Miss Bigley, Heiress to $ 15,000." Betsy stood trial on March 22, 1879 for passing forged notes. Her lawyers employed the insanity defense bolstered by Betsy's aberrant behavior in court. The jury found her not guilty. Her family sent her to live with her married sister, Alice York, whose husband was a Cleveland machinist.
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worthless. When
Carnegie was later asked about her, through a spokesman he denied ever knowing her. Carnegie further stated he had not signed a promissory note in more than 30 years. Chadwick fled to New York, but was soon arrested at her apartment at the Hotel Breslin and taken back to Cleveland. When she was arrested, she was wearing a money belt containing over $ 100,000. Leroy Chadwick and his adult daughter hastily left Cleveland for a European tour when the scandal broke. He filed for divorce before leaving on the tour.
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banker. Newton was shocked when he learned of the other loans
Chadwick had received, and called his loan in. Chadwick could not pay, and Newton sued. At the time, she had accumulated debts over $ 1 million. It was also discovered that a number of securities being held for her in various banks were
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on the city's west side. At the brothel, she met her next husband, a wealthy widower doctor named Leroy
Chadwick. Knowing of the doctor's recent loss, Chadwick played the part of a genteel widow who ran a respectable boarding house for women. When Leroy Chadwick responded that the establishment was
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As her health deteriorated, Chadwick began writing explicit instructions for her funeral. She instructed her son Emil to send a portion of her hidden funds to Canada for the purchase of a tombstone for the family plot. Chadwick suffered a "nervous collapse" on 17 September 1907, leaving her blind.
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Chadwick died on her 50th birthday in the
Columbus penitentiary, 10 October 1907. The funeral service was officiated by Reverend F.W. Thompson. Her interment was 16 October 1907 in the Episcopal Cemetery (present day Woodstock Anglican Cemetery "A" section VanSittart Avenue) in her birthplace of
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began to offer their services to
Chadwick. For the next eight years, she used her fake background to obtain loans that eventually totaled around $ 2 million ($ 68 million in today's currency). Chadwick relied on the assumption that no one would ask Carnegie about an illegitimate daughter for
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newspaper. The article led
Chadwick's sister, Alice York, and various tradespeople to the home of Springsteen to demand payment for debts his wife had accumulated. After Springsteen confirmed the stories about Chadwick's past, he threw her out of the house. Springsteen filed for divorce (which was
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Andrew
Carnegie attended Chadwick's trial, wishing to see the woman who had successfully conned the nation's bankers into believing that she was his heir. Other attendees included members of the Millionaires' Row families from whom she had tried so hard to gain acceptance. The trial was a media
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Cassie
Chadwick was born Elizabeth Bigley on October 10, 1857 in Appin, Canada West. She was the third daughter in a family of two boys and six girls born to Daniel and Mary Ann Bigley. Daniel was a railroad section hand. Three years later, the Bigleys moved to a small farm near Eastwood, Canada
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In 1897 Cassie and Leroy were married. During her time as the wife of the highly respected Dr. Chadwick, it is unclear whether he knew that she had given birth to a son, Emil Hoover. Also, it is unclear whether Dr. Chadwick knew that Emil was in the care of one of the women at the brothel. When
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circus. On 10 March 1905 a
Cleveland court sentenced her to 14 years in prison and a fine of $ 70,000 for conspiracy to bankrupt the Citizen's National Bank and conspiracy against the government (Citizen's Bank, as a federally chartered bank, was an agent of the federal government).
498:. Carnegie was supposedly so wracked with guilt that he showered huge amounts of money on her. Chadwick also claimed that there was $ 7 million in promissory notes tucked away in her Cleveland home, and she was to inherit $ 400 million upon Carnegie's death. Dillon arranged a
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Chadwick carried out a lavish lifestyle as a result of her con. She bought diamond necklaces, enough clothes to fill 30 closets, and a gold organ. She became known as "the Queen of Ohio." She claimed to give money to the poor and to the suffrage movement.
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with funds from a bank loan on her sister and brother-in-law's furniture. In 1882, as Lydia DeVere, Chadwick married Dr. Wallace S. Springsteen in Cleveland. The couple exchanged vows before a justice of the peace on 21 November. She took the name
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a well-known brothel, "Mrs. Hoover" fainted. Once revived, she claimed that she would never run such an establishment. She begged the doctor to immediately take her from the building, lest anyone think she was complicit in its operation.
469:, the Hays and the Mathers, Chadwick was thought of as a curious woman who tried in vain to buy the favors of some of the wealthiest families in the nation. When invited to social events, it was only out of obligation to her husband.
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named Dillon, to take her to Carnegie's home. In reality, Chadwick visited Carnegie's housekeeper while ostensibly trying to check credentials. When Chadwick came back, she dropped a paper. Dillon took it up and noticed it was a
797:"CHADWICK PAPER OUT IS OVER $ 19,000,000; Includes $ 16,496,000 Under Andrew Carnegie's Name, RECKONED ON HIS DEATH Mr. Carnegie to Be Subpoenaed -- Reynolds Gives Up "Securities " -- Woman's Indictment Expected"
1024:"WANT CARNEGIE AS CHADWICK WITNESS; To Subpoena Him in Bank Case -- Notes for $ 1,250,000 Bear His Name. RECEIVER TO CALL ON HIM Denial Issued by Mr. Carnegie -- President of Wrecked Bank Talks of Mrs. Chadwick"
457:, born 3 February 1862 in Pennsylvania. Her son Emil was enumerated as Emil Chadwick, born September 1886 in Canada. Chadwick's spending habits exceeded those of her richer neighbours along Cleveland's
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After a brief stay with her sister and brother-in-law, Chadwick rented the lower floor of a house at 149 Garden Street, Cleveland from a Mrs. Brown. Claiming to be widowed, Chadwick assumed the name
326:, who defrauded several American banks out of millions of dollars during the late 1800s and early 1900s by claiming to be an illegitimate daughter and heiress of the Scottish-American industrialist
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of American history, during which time women were not allowed to vote or get loans from the banks, leading some historians to refer to her bank heist as one of the greatest in American history.
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ILLEGITIMATE, a feature script based on Cassie Chadwick -- who was the greatest female con-artist ever -- placed as semi-finalist in the Writer's Lab 2021. It is currently in development.
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in Columbus. She brought with her trunks of goods for her prison cell, including clothing, photographs, and furniture. The prison warden allowed this due to her celebrity status.
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and East 82nd Street became a tourist destination. In the early 1920s, it was torn down for the construction of the Euclid Avenue Temple (now Liberty Hill Baptist Church).
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in Carnegie's name for further proof. Bankers assumed that Carnegie would vouch for any debts and that they would be fully repaid once Carnegie died.
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granted early in 1883) and settled her debts. After the dissolution of her first marriage, Chadwick re-established herself as a clairvoyant. As
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for $ 2 million with Carnegie's signature. When Dillon promised to keep Chadwick's secret, she "revealed" that she was Carnegie's
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Following her marriage in 1897, Chadwick began her largest, most successful con game: that of establishing herself as
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Andrew Carnegie himself was so distressed about how his named had been misused, he made a gift that helped build the
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charged with forgery, Chadwick identified herself in court records as single with no children. However, in the
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agreement, citing abuse from her first husband. After four years of farm life, Chadwick went to a lawyer in
1196:"Cassie Chadwick · History of Carnegie Library, 1908 - 2008 · the Five Colleges of Ohio Digital Exhibitions"
899:"IDENTIFY MRS. CHADWICK AS MME. DEVERE, FORGER; Prison Employes Face Her -- Beckwith Not Sure She's a Fraud"
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and moved into the doctor's house at 3 Garden Street. A photograph and story of the wedding appeared in
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984:"AID FOR MRS. CHADWICK, BUT ARRESTS THREATENED; Famous Man Will Pay, It Is Said, to Avoid Scandal"
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Chadwick's housekeeper, Mary Londraville, took a satchel apparently for Chadwick's son that the
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The news sent shock waves through the Cleveland banking community. Citizen's National Bank of
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Picture of Chadwick's tombstone Woodstock Anglican Cemetery "A" section VanSittart Avenue.
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reported on 9 October 1907 that Chadwick was suffering from heart and stomach problems.
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1167:"TRACING CHADWICK SATCHEL.; Receiver on Trail of More Missing Possessions of the Woman"
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Con artist who claimed to be the illegitimate daughter and heiress of Andrew Carnegie
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1012:"$ 12,750,000 IN BOGUS CARNEGIE PAPER!". Cleveland Plain Dealer. 10 December 1904.
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In November 1904, Chadwick received a $ 190,000 loan from Herbert B. Newton, a
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interest rates, the bankers would not admit to granting them. Chadwick forged
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In 1889 Chadwick was convicted and sentenced to 9 and a half years in a
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The information leaked to the financial markets in northern Ohio, and
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The Incredible Mrs. Chadwick: The Most Notorious Woman of Her Age
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The Incredible Mrs. Chadwick: The Most Notorious Woman of Her Age
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for forgery. She was paroled in 1893 and returned to Cleveland.
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Upon returning to Cleveland in 1893, Chadwick assumed the name
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1254:"The True Story Behind 'The Gilded Age' Season 2's Con Artist"
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Queen of the Con. From a Spiritualist to the Carnegie Imposter
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318:(10 October 1857 – 10 October 1907) was the most well-known
391:. She directed her lawyer to file for divorce from Scott.
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fear of embarrassing him. Since the loans also came with
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1053:"Strange Acquisitions: How We Got the Carnegie Building"
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933:(1st ed.). Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson. p.
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630:(1985), where the role of Betsy Bigley was played by
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wanted as he thought it to have contained valuables.
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1210:"IMDbPro Official Site | Start Your Free Trial"
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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624:Chadwick was the subject of the Canadian TV movie
485:, she asked one of her husband's acquaintances, a
962:. Vol. 3. Yorkin Publications. p. 593.
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558:On 1 January 1906, Chadwick was sent to the
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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786:(Toronto), 17 September 1907, page 11.
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1131:(Toronto), 15 October 1907, page 03.
738:(Toronto), 12 October 1907, page 07.
591:For a time, the Chadwick Mansion on
47:adding citations to reliable sources
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1252:Myers, Kendall (14 December 2023).
826:"Cassie Chadwick's Brilliant Crime"
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1311:People from Oxford County, Ontario
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960:Women in World History: Brem-Cold
671:"CASSIE CHADWICK IS FOUND GUILTY"
650:In Season 2 of the HBO TV Series
453:Ohio), she identified herself as
305:14 years prison and $ 70,000 fine
222:Clairvoyant, fortune teller, pimp
850:"Hoax of Heiress Ruined Bankers"
749:"CASSIE CHADWICK DIES IN PRISON"
708:. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson.
643:, Cassie Chadwick was played by
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677:. 12 March 1905. Archived from
34:needs additional citations for
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858:. 30 January 1955. p. 27.
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440:residence of Cassie Chadwick
322:used by Canadian con artist
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1228:Library and Archives Canada
875:Kent State University Press
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637:In the Canadian TV series
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347:Start in the United States
241:Dr. Wallace S. Springsteen
1346:People convicted of fraud
927:Crosbie, John S. (1975).
700:Crosbie, John S. (1975).
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1096:"CASSIE CHADWICK WORSE"
855:Sarasota Herald-Tribune
834:, London, 3 August 2019
611:Oberlin College Library
560:Ohio State Penitentiary
545:Second U.S. fraud trial
958:Commire, Anne (1999).
869:Crowl, Thomas (2021).
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395:First U.S. fraud trial
362:Mrs. Lydia Springsteen
1232:"AMICUS No. 13483158"
1067:"CASSIE CHADWICK ILL"
675:Chicago Daily Tribune
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377:Trumbull County, Ohio
355:and set up shop as a
247:Dr. Leroy S. Chadwick
1341:History of Cleveland
43:improve this article
1321:Canadian fraudsters
1076:. 17 September 1907
373:Madame Marie LaRose
353:Madame Lydia DeVere
1176:. 22 December 1904
1174:The New York Times
1103:The New York Times
1074:The New York Times
1031:The New York Times
991:The New York Times
908:. 16 December 1904
906:The New York Times
831:Medium Corporation
806:. 11 December 1904
804:The New York Times
757:The New York Times
681:on 5 November 2012
617:In popular culture
568:The New York Times
502:for her document.
496:illegitimate child
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428:As Cassie Chadwick
417:Mrs. Cassie Hoover
316:Cassie L. Chadwick
214:Cassie L. Chadwick
127:Cassie L. Chadwick
1105:. 10 October 1907
1033:. 6 December 1904
993:. 4 December 1904
760:. 10 October 1907
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204:Lydia DeVere
183:(1907-10-10)
141:cabinet card
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41:Please help
36:verification
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1306:1907 deaths
1301:1857 births
1263:28 December
1151:29 November
357:clairvoyant
1295:Categories
1237:21 January
1180:21 January
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997:21 January
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764:21 January
685:21 January
658:References
609:, used by
516:securities
385:Youngstown
381:prenuptial
338:Early life
332:Gilded Age
296:conspiracy
159:1857-10-10
99:March 2010
69:newspapers
1316:Impostors
1128:The Globe
783:The Globe
735:The Globe
581:Woodstock
320:pseudonym
282:9 ½ years
1258:Collider
824:Medium.
600:receiver
512:usurious
389:adultery
255:Children
167:Eastwood
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291:forgery
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90:JSTOR
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