458:
2111:
2074:
401:
237:
33:
555:. She justified her campaign by saying that "many appealed from all sides of the political spectrum" for her to run, and she touted her willingness to step down in 2016 as a reason to trust her. Samba-Panza campaigned on security and economic development, saying that her successor failed to bring these things about. She was the only woman to run in the election. Samba-Panza was unsuccessful, receiving 5,526 votes, only 0.86% of the total votes cast.
516:
held in
February 2016. By the end of her tenure, she considered several objectives unfinished. These included disarmament and reintegration of militants, security reform, humanitarianism, and national reconciliation. During the disarmament process, Samba-Panza dismissed the idea of using force against those who did not turn in their weapons. Samba-Panza served as president until 30 March 2016, when
998:
341:. Samba-Panza has also called for economic support for women in Africa, demanding that African governments do more to further women-owned businesses. She has said that she was able to escape some of the discrimination faced by women because she "was always a fighter", and she has lamented that many women in the CAR "don't know their rights so they can't defend them".
420:. She was chosen from a list of eight candidates who had to prove they had no links to either the Séléka or the Anti-balaka. Samba-Panza later said that she accepted the position because she "couldn't stand by and do nothing while country fell into chaos". Her call for talks between both sides to the conflict was welcomed by the parties. After beating
994:
529:
278:. She was then appointed to serve as transitional president of the Central African Republic in 2014. She was tasked with restoring stability to the nation by disarming militant groups, and she emphasized the nation's economic recovery through employment and foreign aid. Her term ended in 2016. She was a presidential candidate in the
972:
436:, which was scheduled for 2015. On the day of her inauguration, civil conflict killed an estimated sixteen people within the capital's suburbs. Her appointment as president was seen as a positive change by observers and foreign investors, as she was chosen for popular support rather than taking power by force.
558:
Samba-Panza was one of several political opposition figures who were barred from leaving the country in
January 2021. She was not given an explanation at the time, but the government later stated that there were ongoing investigations into opposition leaders for alleged involvement with armed groups.
428:"I call on my children, especially the anti-balaka, to put down their arms and stop all the fighting. The same goes for the ex-Séléka – they should not have fear. I don't want to hear any more talk of murders and killings. Starting today, I am the president of all Central Africans, without exclusion."
469:
As president, Samba-Panza declared that her first priorities were to restore security and employment. She believed the two to be connected, as former militants had been left unemployed and still had the potential to commit acts of violence. Samba-Panza described her intentions during her tenure as
439:
Samba-Panza took office during a period of lawlessness in which religious violence took place between
Christian and Muslims and the government's control over the nation had collapsed. She suggested poverty and a failure of governance were the causes of the conflict. Upon taking office, Samba-Panza
383:. All of the city's funds and supplies had been looted, and much of its infrastructure had been destroyed. Her strategy to address the city's funding problem included raising taxes and courting foreign aid. For her work, she came to be known as "the courageous mayor". She was succeeded as mayor by
515:
The 2015 general election was scheduled for
February 2015. As the interim president, Samba-Panza was ineligible to run. It was postponed several times because of violence in the capital. The election was held in December 2015, but irregularities necessitated a second round of elections, which was
448:
in Malawi. Samba-Panza has spoken of
Johnson Sirleaf as a role model. Her status as a female leader in a time of crisis was seen as symbolic among citizens, who felt that a woman and mother may be better equipped to bring peace between warring factions. For this reason, she was nicknamed Mother
273:
Samba-Panza began her career operating an insurance brokerage and working as a women's rights advocate. She was chosen in 2003 to serve as the vice president of a national reconciliation conference, and she was then chosen as president of the subsequent committee to implement the conference's
964:
322:. She then founded an insurance brokerage. After entering the industry, she found that corruption made it difficult to operate such a company. She is married to Cyriaque Samba-Panza, a former CAR government official, and she has three children.
507:
in June 2015 to prosecute "grave international crimes committed since 2003" in conjunction with the United
Nations. A surge of violence in September 2015 caused hundreds of protesters to demand Samba-Panza's resignation, and
504:
688:
1865:"Catherine SAMBA PANZA, seule femme candidate à la présidentielle en Centrafrique : « La politique est d'abord une activité altruiste, un sacerdoce. Je veux gouverner pour servir mes concitoyens »"
334:
1564:
743:
512:
determined by the end of the year that Samba-Panza's administration had "struggled to establish security". Critics of her presidency feel that it did not meet the hopeful expectations that it set.
2040:
1347:
1728:
657:
1303:
1271:
1373:
2062:
1956:
1534:
2242:
1441:
941:
503:, a Muslim, in August 2014. As the Séléka had no ties to Kamoun, it threatened to boycott the government and withdraw from the ceasefire. Samba-Panza authorized the creation of a
1624:
2282:
2232:
573:
489:
in the CAR. She weighed this against crimes committed by some French soldiers, saying that they made up a small number and had to be held responsible individually instead of
548:
after she left office, becoming president of the Pan
African Women's Leadership Observatory and co-chair of the African Union Network for Conflict Prevention and Mediation.
1980:
605:
1192:
1111:
826:
457:
1142:
2292:
2070:
1471:
266:
from 2014 to 2016. She was the first woman to serve as head of state in the
Central African Republic. Prior to her tenure as acting president, she was the Mayor of
2055:
2237:
1556:
735:
2110:
778:
2078:
2018:
578:
536:
Samba-Panza stayed in Bangui after leaving office, and she remained involved with the government as an advisor in areas such as peace mediation. She became an
263:
1215:
1926:
1586:
1504:
1841:
1668:
2287:
2048:
1411:
1985:
1245:
1331:
470:
being "to bring back peace and stability, to boost the economy and to gradually restore the rule of law". Samba-Panza argued that she did not have a
413:
2252:
1720:
665:
1811:
1293:
1267:
911:
344:
Samba-Panza took her first political position in 2003, when she was named the vice president of a national reconciliation conference by
President
1864:
1369:
1948:
349:
1526:
1433:
368:
after he seized power in a coup. She took office on 14 June 2013. Though she was a
Christian, her appointment was accepted by both the Muslim
544:, overseeing elections in countries such as Liberia, Senegal, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. She also took on leadership roles in
376:
factions due to her reputation for neutrality. While serving as mayor, she insisted that she would step down as soon as elections were held.
933:
449:
Courage. She leaned into the maternal role, believing it to be more efficient for fostering peace than acting as a more traditional leader.
552:
433:
279:
416:
in the CAR, Djotodia stepped down after nine months in power. Samba-Panza was chosen as the interim president, replacing acting president
1616:
1891:"Centrafrique – La décision de la Cour constitutionnelle proclamant les résultats définitifs de l'élection présidentielle de déc 2020"
2267:
2257:
48:
630:
236:
2272:
1070:
597:
440:
was the first woman to become the country's president. At the time, she was one of three female heads of state in Africa, after
1557:"#ellessimposent : Catherine Samba-Panza, de la présidence centrafricaine au leadership féminin | TV5MONDE - Informations"
1176:
1095:
810:
1648:
1027:
860:
1134:
568:
2262:
1463:
333:. She placed particular emphasis on work as a women's rights advocate. She affiliated with the women's rights group, the
380:
275:
2227:
770:
1916:
1594:
1496:
485:
As the CAR had no funds of its own, Samba-Panza's government relied entirely on foreign aid. Samba-Panza welcomed
1833:
337:, and with this group she supported women in government, assistance for sexual violence victims, and the end of
545:
1403:
499:, a Christian, was appointed as Prime Minister to serve during her tenure. Samba-Panza then replaced him with
714:
330:
1750:
1241:
2172:
2007:
1065:
417:
87:
2182:
2032:
517:
315:
225:
102:
1981:
Interview with Catherine Samba-Panza, Interim President of the Central African Republic by The World bank
1219:
1775:
965:"Centrafrique : 5 choses à savoir sur Catherine Samba Panza, la nouvelle présidente de transition"
883:
352:. She was then chosen as the president of the committee to implement the conference's recommendations.
2247:
736:"#ellessimposent : Catherine Samba-Panza, de la présidence centrafricaine au leadership féminin"
490:
379:
As the interim mayor, Samba-Panza was tasked with rebuilding the city after it was devastated by the
338:
2138:
2086:
2073:
303:
178:
2157:
274:
recommendations. She was appointed mayor of Bangui in 2013 after the city was devastated by the
254:
2277:
2222:
2119:
197:
1177:"Central African Republic's 'Mother Courage' fights to bring peace where the men have failed"
474:
because her experience was in civil society instead of politics, and she likewise took on an
441:
2128:
2100:
384:
143:
2217:
2162:
496:
421:
400:
345:
71:
8:
634:
432:
Samba-Panza was sworn in as President on 23 January 2014, with a mandate to serve until
1921:
1803:
1298:
708:
509:
486:
1060:
1807:
1795:
1791:
1339:
1184:
1103:
903:
899:
856:
818:
537:
2152:
1787:
1645:
1023:
895:
318:
in France. After university, she returned to the CAR in 1990 and began working for
32:
2167:
1652:
528:
475:
365:
307:
853:
The Statesman's Yearbook 2016: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World
1721:"DR Congo: "voting operations had gone relatively well"- observer mission says"
1669:"Que sont-ils devenus ? Salou Djibo, HĂ©di Jilani et Catherine Samba-Panza"
1527:"Eye on Africa - Samba-Panza: Former officials are 'trying to return to power'"
689:"Une "maire courage" pour réconcilier ses enfants de République centrafricaine"
500:
479:
471:
75:
1949:"Centrafrique : l'ex-présidente Samba-Panza interdite de quitter le pays"
1694:
2211:
1799:
1343:
1188:
1107:
907:
822:
541:
405:
326:
299:
291:
182:
174:
2147:
2095:
1990:
445:
373:
369:
295:
1834:"Former Central African Republic interim leader to run in December poll"
1216:"Central African Republic's capital tense as ex-leader heads into exile"
462:
220:
310:. She moved to the CAR at the age of 18. She studied corporate law in
1135:"En Centrafrique, Hyacinthe Wodobodé, une nouvelle maire pour Bangui"
551:
On 28 August, Samba-Panza announced that she would be running in the
1890:
934:"African Women Entrepreneurs Call for Support of Africa Free Trade"
262:; born 26 June 1954) is a Central African politician who served as
319:
1780:
Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series
1587:"Former Central African Republic PM leads in presidential vote"
888:
Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series
361:
311:
267:
110:
811:"Can Catherine Samba-Panza save the Central African Republic?"
574:
List of the first women holders of political offices in Africa
1332:"Woman Chosen to Lead Central African Republic Out of Mayhem"
598:"Nazaire Yalanga nouveau maire de Bangui, exit Ngoumbé Ketté"
1646:
CAR presidential election: Faustin Touadera declared winner
186:
2243:
Women government ministers of the Central African Republic
1024:"Central African Republic MPs elect Catherine Samba-Panza"
695:(in French). Archived from the original on 22 January 2014
2283:
Women mayors of places in the Central African Republic
2233:
Central African Republic people of Cameroonian descent
579:
List of heads of state of the Central African Republic
264:
Transitional President of the Central African Republic
771:"Catherine Samba-Panza sworn in as new CAR president"
631:"100Women | Avance Media | H.E Catherine Samba-Panza"
1464:"Seleka ex-rebels refuse to join new CAR government"
1061:""I called all my children to lay down their arms""
1862:
1617:"Central African Republic goes back to square one"
1776:"Central African Republic – Poll Campaigns Begin"
2293:People of the Central African Republic Civil War
2209:
1695:"UA: Samba Panza, chef de la mission au Sénégal"
658:"Une femme élue à la présidence en Centrafrique"
1404:"Samba-Panza: "I have accomplished my mission""
2238:Heads of state of the Central African Republic
1986:Interview with President Catherine Samba-Panza
1294:"New CAR leader sworn in as tensions escalate"
995:"Catherine Samba Panza prĂŞte serment Ă Bangui"
335:Association of Women Lawyers of Central Africa
2056:
1242:"CAR appoints Bangui mayor as interim leader"
997:(in French). Radio Ndeke Luka. 14 June 2013.
424:in a second round ballot 75 to 53, she said:
1268:"CAR leader pledges talks with armed groups"
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
290:Catherine Souga was born on 26 June 1954 in
850:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
478:platform because of her experiences in the
2079:Presidents of the Central African Republic
2063:
2049:
31:
2019:President of the Central African Republic
1917:"Central African Republic Events of 2021"
1497:"Central African Republic Events of 2015"
1157:
1132:
461:Samba-Panza with U.S. Secretary of State
390:
387:, who was appointed on 14 February 2014.
49:President of the Central African Republic
2288:Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas University alumni
1434:"CAR president appoints first Muslim PM"
1329:
1214:Ngoupana, Paul-Marin (20 January 2014).
1213:
793:
656:Ngoupana, Paul-Marin (20 January 2014).
655:
527:
456:
399:
314:, and she then studied insurance law at
285:
61:23 January 2014 – 30 March 2016
2253:Central African Republic businesspeople
1244:. Al Jazeera English. 20 January 2014.
123:14 June 2013 – 23 January 2014
2210:
1663:
1661:
1401:
1195:from the original on 28 September 2023
1145:from the original on 24 September 2015
1018:
1016:
829:from the original on 20 September 2017
686:
2044:
1844:from the original on 25 February 2021
1491:
1489:
1474:from the original on 17 November 2015
1444:from the original on 13 February 2015
1414:from the original on 13 February 2021
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1274:from the original on 20 February 2014
1174:
1133:Arsenault, Claire (8 February 2014).
1090:
1088:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
962:
808:
253:
18:Central African lawyer and politician
1929:from the original on 13 January 2022
1814:from the original on 23 October 2023
1731:from the original on 20 January 2024
1627:from the original on 24 October 2023
1567:from the original on 23 October 2023
1537:from the original on 23 October 2023
1507:from the original on 23 October 2023
1350:from the original on 23 October 2023
1306:from the original on 24 January 2014
1248:from the original on 23 January 2014
1114:from the original on 23 October 2023
1096:"En Centrafrique, une maire courage"
956:
944:from the original on 23 October 2023
914:from the original on 23 October 2023
878:
876:
874:
872:
846:
844:
765:
763:
761:
746:from the original on 23 October 2023
730:
728:
726:
724:
625:
623:
608:from the original on 23 October 2023
569:First women lawyers around the world
1863:AfricaPresse.Paris (3 March 2024).
1658:
1402:Quenum, Fréjus (16 February 2016).
1370:"Politics blamed for CAR divisions"
1286:
1026:. BBC World News. 20 January 2014.
1013:
687:Perrin, Olivier (21 January 2014).
360:Samba-Panza was appointed mayor of
13:
1486:
1388:
1330:Nossiter, Adam (20 January 2014).
1318:
1085:
1042:
1030:from the original on 25 April 2019
963:Duhem, Vincent (20 January 2014).
781:from the original on 11 April 2021
523:
381:Central African Republic Civil War
355:
276:Central African Republic Civil War
14:
2304:
1974:
1959:from the original on 1 April 2023
1001:from the original on 18 June 2013
869:
841:
758:
721:
649:
620:
364:in May 2013 by the government of
2268:First women presidents in Africa
2258:Central African Republic lawyers
2109:
2072:
1792:10.1111/j.1467-825X.2020.09606.x
1593:. 2 January 2016. Archived from
1376:from the original on 7 June 2015
1218:. Uk.reuters.com. Archived from
1175:Smith, David (25 January 2014).
1073:from the original on 6 June 2023
975:from the original on 7 June 2015
900:10.1111/j.1467-825X.2014.05506.x
520:was sworn in as her successor.
395:
235:
1941:
1909:
1883:
1856:
1826:
1768:
1755:Policy Center for the New South
1743:
1713:
1687:
1639:
1609:
1579:
1549:
1519:
1456:
1426:
1362:
1260:
1234:
1207:
1126:
987:
926:
546:intergovernmental organizations
2273:21st-century women politicians
1955:(in French). 17 January 2021.
1563:(in French). 2 November 2017.
742:(in French). 2 November 2017.
680:
590:
331:non-governmental organizations
1:
884:"CAR – Catherine Samba-Panza"
809:Smith, David (2 March 2014).
584:
2008:Alexandre-Ferdinand Nguendet
1897:(in French). 19 January 2021
1066:Crisis Management Initiative
418:Alexandre-Ferdinand Nguendet
282:, but she was unsuccessful.
88:Alexandre-Ferdinand Nguendet
7:
664:(in French). Archived from
562:
329:at this time, working with
10:
2309:
2263:Women presidents in Africa
1655:BBC News, 20 February 2016
1102:(in French). 8 July 2013.
851:Heath-Brown, Nick (2017).
604:(in French). 5 July 2011.
553:2020 presidential election
532:Presidential campaign logo
414:escalation of the conflict
2191:
2137:
2118:
2107:
2085:
2033:Faustin-Archange Touadéra
2029:
2016:
2004:
1999:
855:. Springer. p. 306.
713:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
518:Faustin-Archange Touadéra
452:
348:after he seized power in
339:female genital mutilation
325:Samba-Panza also entered
316:Panthéon-Assas University
243:
231:
226:Panthéon-Assas University
219:
211:
203:
193:
158:
153:
149:
137:
127:
116:
108:
103:Faustin-Archange Touadéra
96:
81:
65:
54:
46:
42:
30:
23:
2139:Central African Republic
2087:Central African Republic
1561:information.tv5monde.com
740:information.tv5monde.com
306:(CAR)—and a father from
304:Central African Republic
179:French Equatorial Africa
133:Nazaire Yalanga Nganaféï
1751:"Catherine Samba-Panza"
1651:28 January 2021 at the
487:the French intervention
2120:Central African Empire
1270:. Al Jazeera English.
533:
505:Special Criminal Court
466:
430:
409:
391:Transitional president
2228:People from N'Djamena
1533:. 28 September 2015.
531:
460:
442:Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
426:
403:
286:Early life and career
250:Catherine Samba-Panza
25:Catherine Samba-Panza
1925:. 22 December 2021.
1727:. 22 December 2023.
1621:The New Humanitarian
1440:. 16 November 2015.
940:. 17 November 2022.
207:Cyriaque Samba-Panza
1840:. 28 January 2014.
1623:. 13 January 2016.
1302:. 23 January 2014.
1222:on 14 February 2014
777:. 23 January 2014.
298:, to a mother from
270:from 2013 to 2014.
37:Samba-Panza in 2014
2000:Political offices
1922:Human Rights Watch
1869:AfricaPresse.Paris
1501:Human Rights Watch
1470:. 11 August 2014.
1468:The M&G Online
1336:The New York Times
1299:Al Jazeera English
1141:(in French). RFI.
534:
510:Human Rights Watch
467:
410:
385:Hyacinthe Wodobodé
372:and the Christian
144:Hyacinthe Wodobodé
2205:
2204:
2039:
2038:
2030:Succeeded by
1069:. 13 April 2017.
862:978-1-349-57823-8
538:election observer
434:the next election
404:Samba-Panza with
247:
246:
2300:
2248:Mayors of Bangui
2197:
2113:
2077:
2076:
2065:
2058:
2051:
2042:
2041:
2024:
2013:
2005:Preceded by
1997:
1996:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1699:BBC News Afrique
1691:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1673:JeuneAfrique.com
1665:
1656:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1597:on 11 April 2019
1583:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1493:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1399:
1386:
1385:
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1366:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1327:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1290:
1284:
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1238:
1232:
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1227:
1211:
1205:
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1202:
1200:
1172:
1155:
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1150:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1092:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1057:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1020:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1006:
991:
985:
984:
982:
980:
960:
954:
953:
951:
949:
930:
924:
923:
921:
919:
880:
867:
866:
848:
839:
838:
836:
834:
806:
791:
790:
788:
786:
767:
756:
755:
753:
751:
732:
719:
718:
712:
704:
702:
700:
684:
678:
677:
675:
673:
653:
647:
646:
644:
642:
637:on 20 April 2021
633:. Archived from
627:
618:
617:
615:
613:
602:Radio Ndeke Luka
594:
408:soldiers in 2014
280:2020–21 election
261:
239:
172:
168:
166:
154:Personal details
140:
130:
121:
99:
92:
84:
68:
59:
35:
21:
20:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2195:
2187:
2133:
2114:
2105:
2081:
2071:
2069:
2035:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2014:
2011:
2010:
1977:
1972:
1962:
1960:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1932:
1930:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1900:
1898:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1874:
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1861:
1857:
1847:
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1832:
1831:
1827:
1817:
1815:
1774:
1773:
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1991:Der Spiegel
1871:(in French)
1786:(8). 2020.
1701:(in French)
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1478:16 November
1448:16 November
1380:31 December
894:(1). 2014.
446:Joyce Banda
374:Anti-balaka
302:—later the
296:French Chad
198:Independent
129:Preceded by
83:Preceded by
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1848:22 January
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612:20 October
585:References
491:as a group
463:John Kerry
221:Alma mater
165:1954-06-26
2129:Bokassa I
1818:8 October
1808:241987266
1800:0001-9844
1601:9 October
1531:France 24
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908:0001-9844
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709:cite news
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292:Fort Lamy
232:Signature
183:N'Djamena
175:Fort Lamy
119:In office
109:Mayor of
57:In office
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2153:Kolingba
1957:Archived
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1933:3 March
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693:Le Soir
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187:Chad
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