174:
biochemistry of these suicide pathways; some treading the path of "apoptosis", others following a more generalized pathway to deletion, but both usually being genetically and synthetically motivated. There is some evidence that certain symptoms of "apoptosis" such as endonuclease activation can be spuriously induced without engaging a genetic cascade, however, presumably true apoptosis and programmed cell death must be genetically mediated. It is also becoming clear that mitosis and apoptosis are toggled or linked in some way and that the balance achieved depends on signals received from appropriate growth or survival factors.
40:
132:
3154:
3164:
432:
178:
416:, has been recognized as an alternative form of programmed cell death. It is hypothesized that necroptosis can serve as a cell-death backup to apoptosis when the apoptosis signaling is blocked by endogenous or exogenous factors such as viruses or mutations. Necroptotic pathways are associated with death receptors such as the tumor necrosis factor receptor 1.
392:
is a unique inflammatory cell death pathway that integrates components from other cell death pathways. The totality of biological effects in PANoptosis cannot be individually accounted for by pyroptosis, apoptosis, or necroptosis alone. PANoptosis is regulated by multifaceted macromolecular complexes
411:
is cell death where a cell has been badly damaged through external forces such as trauma or infection and occurs in several different forms. It is the sum of what happens to cells after their deaths. In necrosis, a cell undergoes swelling, followed by uncontrolled rupture of the cell membrane with
322:
is a programmed cell death caused by the interaction of Fas receptor (Fas, CD95)and Fas ligand (FasL, CD95 ligand). It occurs as a result of repeated stimulation of specific T-cell receptors (TCR) and it helps to maintain the periphery immune tolerance. Therefore, an alteration of the process may
173:
fragmentation. It is now thought that â in a developmental context â cells are induced to positively commit suicide whilst in a homeostatic context; the absence of certain survival factors may provide the impetus for suicide. There appears to be some variation in the morphology and indeed the
93:
meaning "the study of". The term was initially coined to broadly define investigations of the changes that accompany cell death, detected and measured by multiparameter flow- and laser scanning- cytometry. It has been used to describe the real-time changes during cell death, detected by flow
84:
The term "cell necrobiology" has been used to describe the life processes associated with morphological, biochemical, and molecular changes which predispose, precede, and accompany cell death, as well as the consequences and tissue response to cell death. The word is derived from the
399:
is cell death resulting from a live cell being phagocytosed (i.e. eaten) by another cell (usually a phagocyte), resulting in death and digestion of the engulfed cell. Phagoptosis can occur to cells that are pathogenic, cancerous, aged, damaged or excess to requirements.
385:
is a highly inflammatory form of programmed cell death that occurs most frequently upon infection with intracellular pathogens and is likely to form part of the antimicrobial response in myeloid cells.
353:
is an oncosuppressive mechanism that can lead to cell death that is due to premature or inappropriate entry of cells into mitosis. It is the most common mode of cell death in cancer cells exposed to
1197:"It's All in the PAN: Crosstalk, Plasticity, Redundancies, Switches, and Interconnectedness Encompassed by PANoptosis Underlying the Totality of Cell Death-Associated Biological Effects"
748:
Bernstein C, Bernstein H, Payne CM, Garewal H (June 2002). "DNA repair/pro-apoptotic dual-role proteins in five major DNA repair pathways: fail-safe protection against carcinogenesis".
290:-independent programmed cell-death"), these alternative routes to death are as efficient as apoptosis and can function as either backup mechanisms or the main type of PCD.
316:
Plant cells undergo particular processes of PCD similar to autophagic cell death. However, some common features of PCD are highly conserved in both plants and metazoa.
193:
exceeds the cellâs repair capability. These dual role proteins protect against proliferation of unstable damaged cells that might lead to cancer.
412:
cell contents being expelled. These cell contents often then go on to cause inflammation in nearby cells. A form of programmed necrosis, called
843:
Bursch W, Ellinger A, Gerner C, Fröhwein U, Schulte-Hermann R (2000). "Programmed cell death (PCD). Apoptosis, autophagic PCD, or others?".
2811:
57:
ceasing to carry out its functions. This may be the result of the natural process of old cells dying and being replaced by new ones, as in
1157:
3127:
329:, or oncosis, is a form of accidental, or passive cell death that is often considered a lethal injury. The process is characterized by
552:
535:
2143:
115:. For example, the differentiation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the fingers
2204:
2168:
1140:
1076:
Vitale I, Galluzzi L, Castedo M, Kroemer G (June 2011). "Mitotic catastrophe: a mechanism for avoiding genomic instability".
689:
2138:
319:
2440:
1394:
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1705:
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190:
107:
Programmed cell death (PCD) is cell death mediated by an intracellular program. PCD is carried out in a regulated
2676:
2128:
1818:
420:
was previously classified based on morphology, but in recent years switched to molecular and genetic conditions.
31:
286:
Other pathways of programmed cell death have been discovered. Called "non-apoptotic programmed cell-death" (or "
17:
2224:
1902:
2702:
2246:
2153:
2120:
417:
323:
lead to autoimmune diseases. In the other words AICD is the negative regulator of activated T-lymphocytes.
3193:
2158:
1333:
D'Arcy MS (June 2019). "Cell death: a review of the major forms of apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy".
2525:
2395:
456:
3003:
2998:
2926:
2848:
2133:
1780:
1387:
1283:"Apoptosis, Pyroptosis, and Necrosis: Mechanistic Description of Dead and Dying Eukaryotic Cells"
445:
143:
119:; the result is that the digits separate. PCD serves fundamental functions during both plant and
3038:
2931:
2671:
2577:
2542:
2163:
1974:
1890:
989:
Zhang J, Xu X, Liu Y (June 2004). "Activation-induced cell death in T cells and autoimmunity".
360:
310:
163:
937:
Dixon SJ, Lemberg KM, Lamprecht MR, Skouta R, Zaitsev EM, Gleason CE, et al. (May 2012).
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58:
536:"Cytometry in cell necrobiology: analysis of apoptosis and accidental cell death (necrosis)"
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1158:"Immunogenic cell death, DAMPs and anticancer therapeutics: an emerging amalgamation"
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Garg AD, Nowis D, Golab J, Vandenabeele P, Krysko DV, Agostinis P (January 2010).
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Darzynkiewicz Z, Juan G, Li X, Gorczyca W, Murakami T, Traganos F (January 1997).
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1016:
Kabelitz D, Janssen O (February 1997). "Antigen-induced death of T-lymphocytes".
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797:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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81:
is a non-physiological process that occurs as a result of infection or injury.
39:
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553:
10.1002/(sici)1097-0320(19970101)27:1<1::aid-cyto2>3.0.co;2-l
496:
Nirmala JG, Lopus M (April 2020). "Cell death mechanisms in eukaryotes".
413:
396:
306:
147:
626:"Bacterial programmed cell death and multicellular behavior in bacteria"
3058:
3028:
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2963:
2936:
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2626:
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2413:
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1994:
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1932:
1775:
1618:
1614:
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1917:
1912:
1630:
1573:
1495:
1422:
1403:
624:
Engelberg-Kulka H, Amitai S, Kolodkin-Gal I, Hazan R (October 2006).
364:
337:
271:
256:
244:
240:
228:
224:
212:
203:
139:
116:
77:
or Type II cell-death are both forms of programmed cell death, while
70:
44:
2681:
1089:
894:
Kroemer G, Martin SJ (July 2005). "Caspase-independent cell death".
3078:
3048:
2599:
2587:
2520:
2348:
2017:
1984:
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1785:
1580:
1541:
1526:
1449:
1427:
907:
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431:
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78:
142:
is the processor of programmed cell death (PCD) that may occur in
3115:
2755:
2722:
2567:
2515:
2276:
2214:
2027:
1907:
1658:
1623:
1603:
1480:
1417:
1029:
367:
is a form of cell death caused by some cytostatic agents such as
294:
287:
263:
208:
120:
62:
939:"Ferroptosis: an iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death"
3068:
2765:
2535:
2403:
2327:
1969:
275:
66:
747:
705:
Bowen ID (April 1993). "Apoptosis or programmed cell death?".
577:"Real-time flow cytometry for the kinetic analysis of oncosis"
2651:
2631:
2572:
2370:
1827:
791:
Schwartz LM, Smith SW, Jones ME, Osborne BA (February 1993).
243:
contents, abnormal protein aggregates, and excess or damaged
90:
1372:
1075:
842:
177:
69:, or the death of the organism of which the cells are part.
936:
533:
1155:
1121:"Mitotic Catastrophe in Apoptosis, Senescence, and Cancer"
1194:
1056:
790:
483:
Histology and Cell
Biology â An Introduction to Pathology
297:, almost identical to apoptosis except in its induction;
170:
1796:
1246:
Brown GC (February 2024). "Cell death by phagocytosis".
1162:
Biochimica et
Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer
215:
in a specific sequence prior to the destruction of the
111:, which usually confers advantage during an organism's
1018:
Frontiers in
Bioscience: A Journal and Virtual Library
1195:
Gullett JM, Tweedell RE, Kanneganti TD (April 2022).
43:
Overview of signal transduction pathways involved in
793:"Do all programmed cell deaths occur via apoptosis?"
529:
527:
427:
247:. Autophagy is generally activated by conditions of
1328:
1326:
27:Biological cell ceasing to carry out its functions
684:. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
524:
3180:
259:processes such as development, differentiation,
1323:
1015:
185:Certain key proteins primarily employed in the
135:Morphological changes associated with apoptosis
89:ΜΔÎșÏÏ meaning "death", ÎČĂŹÎż meaning "life", and
1127:. Vol. 44. Humana Press. pp. 73â91.
301:, a form of cell death exclusive to the eyes;
251:deprivation but has also been associated with
1812:
1388:
1118:
893:
574:
293:Some such forms of programmed cell death are
1149:
1125:Revista Brasileira de CiĂȘncias FarmacĂȘuticas
673:
671:
495:
480:
457:Cell Death eBook by Rockland Immunochemicals
150:events lead to characteristic cell changes (
123:(multicellular animals) tissue development.
1280:
1009:
489:
309:, an iron-dependent form of cell death and
1819:
1805:
1395:
1381:
1332:
1123:. In Gewirtz DA, Holt SE, Grant S (eds.).
988:
845:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
281:
207:, characterized by the formation of large
1841:
1306:
1222:
1212:
962:
826:
816:
668:
651:
641:
592:
551:
984:
982:
176:
130:
102:
38:
357:and many other anti-cancer treatments.
14:
3181:
1078:Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
403:
2169:List of ways people dishonor the dead
1800:
1376:
1245:
979:
704:
677:
61:, or may result from factors such as
320:Activation-induced cell death (AICD)
991:Cellular & Molecular Immunology
154:) and death. These changes include
24:
2174:List of ways people honor the dead
1706:Fluorescence in situ hybridization
1281:Fink SL, Cookson BT (April 2005).
865:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05594.x
841:;and, for a more recent view, see
575:Warnes G, Martins S (March 2011).
485:. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders.
25:
3210:
2205:GompertzâMakeham law of mortality
371:, oxaliplatin and bortezomib, or
3162:
3153:
3152:
1674:Oral and maxillofacial pathology
430:
32:Cell Death & Differentiation
3163:
1299:10.1128/IAI.73.4.1907-1916.2005
1274:
1239:
1188:
1112:
1069:
1044:
930:
887:
189:can also induce apoptosis when
784:
741:
617:
568:
474:
13:
1:
2225:Maternal mortality in fiction
1402:
1119:Ianzini F, Mackey MA (2007).
770:10.1016/s1383-5742(02)00009-1
467:
2139:Expressions related to death
2092:Medical declaration of death
643:10.1371/journal.pgen.0020135
418:Identification of cell death
231:process that results in the
196:
126:
7:
2159:Preventable causes of death
1174:10.1016/j.bbcan.2009.08.003
498:Cell Biology and Toxicology
423:
181:Example events in autophagy
10:
3215:
1335:Cell Biology International
1260:10.1038/s41577-023-00921-6
1248:Nature Reviews. Immunology
955:10.1016/j.cell.2012.03.042
707:Cell Biology International
510:10.1007/s10565-019-09496-2
73:or Type I cell-death, and
29:
3148:
2874:
2804:
2690:
2644:
2526:Consciousness after death
2506:
2449:
2394:
2336:
2285:
2274:
2267:
2182:
2119:
2013:
1834:
1826:
1714:
1639:
1410:
1133:10.1007/978-1-59745-221-2
3199:Medical aspects of death
2927:Personification of death
2149:People by cause of death
97:
3004:Death-positive movement
2849:Post-mortem photography
2129:Causes of death by rate
2057:Death by natural causes
1781:Microbiological culture
1411:Principles of pathology
481:Kierszenbaum A (2012).
452:Tumor Necrosis Factor 1
446:Programmed cell death 1
282:Other variations of PCD
223:, often referred to as
144:multicellular organisms
3039:Fascination with death
2677:Reincarnation research
2672:Out-of-body experience
2134:Notable deaths by year
1975:Immunogenic cell death
1891:Temporal lobe necrosis
1287:Infection and Immunity
719:10.1006/cbir.1993.1075
361:Immunogenic cell death
343:, and swelling of the
311:Wallerian degeneration
182:
164:chromatin condensation
136:
47:
2844:Post-mortem chemistry
2657:Near-death experience
2553:Desecration of graves
2489:Postmortem caloricity
2454:Beating heart cadaver
1898:Programmed cell death
1866:Liquefactive necrosis
1744:Diagnostic immunology
1569:Programmed cell death
1537:Liquefactive necrosis
1214:10.3390/cells11091495
818:10.1073/pnas.90.3.980
393:termed PANoptosomes.
180:
134:
103:Programmed cell death
59:programmed cell death
42:
30:For the journal, see
3034:Festival of the Dead
2932:Dying-and-rising god
2887:Chinese burial money
2776:Prohibition of dying
2728:Death-qualified jury
2494:Post-mortem interval
2154:Premature obituaries
1861:Coagulative necrosis
1739:Medical microbiology
1734:Transfusion medicine
1691:Immunohistochemistry
1641:Anatomical pathology
1532:Coagulative necrosis
594:10.1002/cyto.a.21022
377:photodynamic therapy
239:degradation of bulk
187:repair of DNA damage
3094:Philosophy of death
2959:Death from laughter
2259:Perinatal mortality
2000:Mitotic catastrophe
1980:Ischemic cell death
1923:Intrinsic apoptosis
1871:Gangrenous necrosis
1696:Electron microscopy
1664:Molecular pathology
1542:Gangrenous necrosis
1474:Cellular adaptation
857:2000NYASA.926....1B
809:1993PNAS...90..980S
762:2002MRRMR.511..145B
404:Necrotic cell death
351:Mitotic catastrophe
327:Ischemic cell death
3194:Cellular processes
3140:Thanatosensitivity
3044:Hierarchy of death
2984:Death notification
2892:Coins for the dead
2824:Forensic pathology
2708:Capital punishment
2662:Near-death studies
2254:Mortality salience
1886:Fibrinoid necrosis
1856:Avascular necrosis
1724:Clinical chemistry
1716:Clinical pathology
1701:Immunofluorescence
1669:Forensic pathology
1649:Surgical pathology
1557:Fibrinoid necrosis
1347:10.1002/cbin.11137
462:Cellular anastasis
355:ionizing radiation
183:
158:, cell shrinkage,
137:
53:is the event of a
48:
3176:
3175:
2912:Death anniversary
2907:Death and culture
2751:Dying declaration
2733:Death certificate
2640:
2639:
2502:
2501:
2354:Neuropreservation
2144:Natural disasters
2115:
2114:
1794:
1793:
1761:Mass spectrometry
1142:978-1-58829-527-9
691:978-0-87969-887-4
581:Cytometry. Part A
261:neurodegenerative
16:(Redirected from
3206:
3166:
3165:
3156:
3155:
3136:
3121:Assisted suicide
3019:Death trajectory
2834:Mortuary science
2829:Funeral director
2820:
2786:Suspicious death
2558:Eternal oblivion
2344:Cryopreservation
2283:
2282:
2272:
2271:
2210:Infant mortality
2200:Excess mortality
2102:Terminal illness
2087:Lazarus syndrome
2072:End-of-life care
2023:Accidental death
1876:Caseous necrosis
1839:
1838:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1798:
1797:
1681:Gross processing
1547:Caseous necrosis
1397:
1390:
1383:
1374:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1330:
1321:
1320:
1310:
1293:(4): 1907â1916.
1278:
1272:
1271:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1226:
1216:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1153:
1147:
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1116:
1110:
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1073:
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1064:
1062:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1013:
1007:
1006:
986:
977:
976:
966:
949:(5): 1060â1072.
934:
928:
927:
891:
885:
884:
840:
830:
820:
788:
782:
781:
745:
739:
738:
702:
696:
695:
678:Green D (2011).
675:
666:
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655:
645:
621:
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572:
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555:
531:
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21:
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3213:
3209:
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3204:
3203:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3144:
3130:
3074:Museum of Death
3024:Dignified death
2979:Death messenger
2954:Death education
2870:
2814:
2800:
2738:Declared death
2686:
2636:
2593:Online mourning
2498:
2464:Cadaveric spasm
2445:
2390:
2332:
2323:Skeletonization
2263:
2195:Child mortality
2190:Birthday effect
2178:
2111:
2107:Unnatural death
2038:Brainstem death
2009:
1948:Pseudoapoptosis
1830:
1825:
1795:
1790:
1749:Immunopathology
1729:Hematopathology
1710:
1635:
1406:
1401:
1371:
1370:
1331:
1324:
1279:
1275:
1244:
1240:
1193:
1189:
1154:
1150:
1143:
1117:
1113:
1090:10.1038/nrm3115
1074:
1070:
1060:
1058:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1014:
1010:
987:
980:
935:
931:
896:Nature Medicine
892:
888:
789:
785:
746:
742:
703:
699:
692:
681:Means To An End
676:
669:
622:
618:
573:
569:
532:
525:
494:
490:
479:
475:
470:
436:
429:
426:
406:
363:or immunogenic
347:and cytoplasm.
284:
199:
162:fragmentation,
129:
105:
100:
55:biological cell
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3212:
3202:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3160:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2882:Apparent death
2878:
2876:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2862:
2861:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2713:Cause of death
2710:
2705:
2703:Administration
2700:
2694:
2692:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2602:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2523:
2518:
2512:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2474:Death erection
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2409:Natural burial
2400:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2289:
2287:
2280:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2242:Mortality rate
2239:
2234:
2227:
2222:
2220:Maternal death
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2164:Unusual deaths
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2125:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2097:Organ donation
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2045:Clinical death
2042:
2041:
2040:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1847:
1845:
1836:
1832:
1831:
1824:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1801:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1771:Flow cytometry
1768:
1766:Chromatography
1763:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1720:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1686:Histopathology
1683:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1645:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1612:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1524:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1400:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1377:
1369:
1368:
1341:(6): 582â592.
1322:
1273:
1238:
1187:
1148:
1141:
1111:
1084:(6): 385â392.
1068:
1043:
1008:
978:
929:
908:10.1038/nm1263
902:(7): 725â730.
886:
803:(3): 980â984.
783:
740:
713:(4): 365â380.
697:
690:
667:
616:
587:(3): 181â191.
567:
523:
504:(2): 145â164.
488:
472:
471:
469:
466:
465:
464:
459:
454:
449:
442:
441:
438:Biology portal
425:
422:
405:
402:
369:anthracyclines
303:excitotoxicity
283:
280:
233:autophagosomic
221:Macroautophagy
211:that eat away
198:
195:
128:
125:
104:
101:
99:
96:
26:
18:Cellular death
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3211:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3169:
3161:
3159:
3151:
3150:
3147:
3141:
3138:
3134:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3114:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2917:Death anxiety
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2902:Darwin Awards
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2867:
2864:
2860:
2859:Biostratinomy
2857:
2856:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2771:Necropolitics
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2643:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2605:Reincarnation
2603:
2601:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2508:Other aspects
2505:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2459:Body donation
2457:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2448:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2426:Dismemberment
2424:
2422:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2371:Mummification
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2329:
2328:Fossilization
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2318:Decomposition
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2293:Pallor mortis
2291:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1822:
1817:
1815:
1810:
1808:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1654:Cytopathology
1652:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1632:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1599:
1598:Accumulations
1596:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1467:Wound healing
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1329:
1327:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1277:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1254:(2): 91â102.
1253:
1249:
1242:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1191:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1152:
1144:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1115:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1057:
1053:
1047:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1024:(4): d61â77.
1023:
1019:
1012:
1004:
1000:
997:(3): 186â92.
996:
992:
985:
983:
974:
970:
965:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
933:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
890:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
838:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
787:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
756:(2): 145â78.
755:
751:
744:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
701:
693:
687:
683:
682:
674:
672:
663:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
635:
631:
630:PLOS Genetics
627:
620:
612:
608:
604:
600:
595:
590:
586:
582:
578:
571:
563:
559:
554:
549:
545:
541:
537:
530:
528:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
492:
484:
477:
473:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
447:
444:
443:
439:
433:
428:
421:
419:
415:
410:
401:
398:
394:
391:
387:
384:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
356:
352:
348:
346:
342:
341:vacuolization
339:
335:
332:
331:mitochondrial
328:
324:
321:
317:
314:
312:
308:
304:
300:
299:cornification
296:
291:
289:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
262:
258:
254:
253:physiological
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
205:
201:Autophagy is
194:
192:
188:
179:
175:
172:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
133:
124:
122:
118:
114:
110:
95:
92:
88:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3014:Death threat
2897:Dark tourism
2839:Necrobiology
2838:
2781:Right to die
2739:
2698:Abortion law
2622:Resurrection
2610:Palingenesis
2507:
2469:Coffin birth
2376:Plastination
2337:Preservation
2313:Putrefaction
2308:Rigor mortis
2303:Algor mortis
2298:Livor mortis
2275:
2231:Memento mori
2229:
2082:Lazarus sign
2062:Death rattle
2005:Suicide gene
1990:Karyorrhexis
1881:Fat necrosis
1842:
1756:Enzyme assay
1602:
1597:
1586:Karyorrhexis
1562:Myocytolysis
1552:Fat necrosis
1519:
1457:Inflammation
1445:Hemodynamics
1438:Pathogenesis
1338:
1334:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1204:
1200:
1190:
1168:(1): 53â71.
1165:
1161:
1151:
1124:
1114:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1059:. Retrieved
1055:
1046:
1030:10.2741/a175
1021:
1017:
1011:
994:
990:
946:
942:
932:
899:
895:
889:
848:
844:
800:
796:
786:
753:
749:
743:
710:
706:
700:
680:
636:(10): e135.
633:
629:
619:
584:
580:
570:
543:
539:
501:
497:
491:
482:
476:
407:
395:
388:
381:
373:radiotherapy
359:
349:
325:
318:
315:
292:
285:
257:pathological
202:
200:
184:
138:
106:
83:
65:, localized
50:
49:
36:
3131: [
3089:Necrophobia
3084:Necrophilia
3054:Immortality
3009:Death squad
2989:Death panel
2974:Death march
2969:Death knell
2949:Death drive
2922:Death deity
2866:Thanatology
2815: [
2761:Legal death
2740:in absentia
2718:Civil death
2563:Examination
2548:Crematorium
2431:Excarnation
2268:After death
2067:Dysthanasia
2033:Brain death
1965:Autoschizis
1943:Phenoptosis
1938:Parthanatos
1928:Necroptosis
1835:In medicine
1610:Hemosiderin
1491:Hyperplasia
1486:Hypertrophy
1462:Cell damage
1207:(9): 1495.
851:(1): 1â12.
546:(1): 1â20.
448:, a protein
414:necroptosis
397:Phagoptosis
307:ferroptosis
255:as well as
241:cytoplasmic
204:cytoplasmic
168:chromosomal
148:Biochemical
94:cytometry.
3189:Cell death
3183:Categories
3059:Last rites
3029:Extinction
2999:Death pose
2994:Death poem
2964:Death hoax
2944:Death camp
2937:Psychopomp
2812:Death tech
2667:Necromancy
2645:Paranormal
2627:Underworld
2479:Dissection
2441:Resomation
2436:Promession
2414:Sky burial
2381:Prosection
2366:Maceration
2077:Euthanasia
1995:Karyolysis
1953:Pyroptosis
1933:Paraptosis
1843:Cell death
1776:Blood bank
1619:Lipofuscin
1615:Lipochrome
1591:Karyolysis
1520:Cell death
1501:Metaplasia
468:References
390:PANoptosis
383:Pyroptosis
245:organelles
213:organelles
191:DNA damage
152:morphology
113:life-cycle
51:Cell death
3104:Sacrifice
3099:Predation
3064:Longevity
2854:Taphonomy
2791:Trust law
2746:Death row
2531:Afterlife
2484:Gibbeting
2421:Cremation
2386:Taxidermy
2361:Embalming
2237:Micromort
2183:Mortality
1960:Autolysis
1918:Autophagy
1913:Apoptosis
1631:Steatosis
1574:Apoptosis
1511:Glandular
1496:Dysplasia
1428:Neoplasia
1423:Infection
1404:Pathology
1363:102347423
1061:10 August
1052:"Oncosis"
750:Mutat Res
540:Cytometry
365:apoptosis
338:cytoplasm
272:infection
237:lysosomal
229:catabolic
225:autophagy
197:Autophagy
140:Apoptosis
127:Apoptosis
75:autophagy
71:Apoptosis
45:apoptosis
3158:Category
3128:Thanabot
3079:Necronym
3049:Homicide
2600:Obituary
2588:Mourning
2578:Internet
2521:Cemetery
2396:Disposal
2349:Cryonics
2018:Abortion
1985:Pyknosis
1851:Necrosis
1786:Serology
1581:Pyknosis
1527:Necrosis
1506:Squamous
1450:Ischemia
1355:30958602
1317:15784530
1268:37604896
1233:35563804
1182:19720113
1106:22483746
1098:21527953
1003:16219166
973:22632970
916:16015365
881:27315958
873:11193023
778:12052432
735:31016389
662:17069462
611:11691981
603:21254392
518:31820165
424:See also
409:Necrosis
334:swelling
264:diseases
249:nutrient
209:vacuoles
156:blebbing
117:apoptose
79:necrosis
63:diseases
3168:Outline
3116:Suicide
2756:Inquest
2723:Coroner
2615:SaáčsÄra
2583:Midwife
2568:Funeral
2543:Customs
2516:Carrion
2215:Karoshi
2028:Autopsy
1908:Anoikis
1659:Autopsy
1624:Melanin
1604:pigment
1481:Atrophy
1418:Disease
1308:1087413
1224:9105755
1038:9159213
964:3367386
924:8264709
853:Bibcode
837:8430112
805:Bibcode
758:Bibcode
727:8318948
653:1626106
562:9000580
379:(PDT).
345:nucleus
295:anoikis
288:caspase
227:, is a
217:nucleus
160:nuclear
121:metazoa
109:process
3069:Martyr
2805:Fields
2766:Murder
2682:SĂ©ance
2652:Ghosts
2536:Tukdam
2404:Burial
2286:Stages
1970:Eschar
1361:
1353:
1315:
1305:
1266:
1231:
1221:
1180:
1139:
1104:
1096:
1036:
1001:
971:
961:
922:
914:
879:
871:
835:
825:
776:
733:
725:
688:
660:
650:
609:
601:
560:
516:
276:cancer
268:stress
166:, and
67:injury
3135:]
3109:human
2875:Other
2819:]
2691:Legal
2632:Vigil
2573:Grief
2121:Lists
1828:Death
1433:Cause
1359:S2CID
1201:Cells
1102:S2CID
920:S2CID
877:S2CID
828:45794
731:S2CID
607:S2CID
98:Types
91:λÏγοÏ
87:Greek
2796:Will
2277:Body
2247:RAMR
1903:AICD
1351:PMID
1313:PMID
1264:PMID
1229:PMID
1178:PMID
1166:1805
1137:ISBN
1094:PMID
1063:2010
1034:PMID
999:PMID
969:PMID
943:Cell
912:PMID
869:PMID
833:PMID
774:PMID
723:PMID
686:ISBN
658:PMID
599:PMID
558:PMID
514:PMID
375:and
274:and
2050:DOA
1343:doi
1303:PMC
1295:doi
1256:doi
1219:PMC
1209:doi
1170:doi
1129:doi
1086:doi
1026:doi
959:PMC
951:doi
947:149
904:doi
861:doi
849:926
823:PMC
813:doi
766:doi
754:511
715:doi
648:PMC
638:doi
589:doi
548:doi
506:doi
171:DNA
3185::
3133:ca
2817:pt
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